英语选修六第一单元课文语法

❶ 英语选修六第四,五单元reading1的课文

Unit 4
THE EARTH IS BECOMIG WARMER-BUT DOES IT MATTER?
During the 20th century the temperature of the earth ros
e about one degree Fahrenheit. That probably does not seem much to you or me, but it is a rapid increase when compared to other natural changes. So how has this come about and does it matter? Earth care's Sophie Armstrong explores these questions.
There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer(see Graph 1) and that it is human activity that has caused this global warmig rather than a random but natural phenomenon.
All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earth's temperature is e to the burning of fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil to proce energy. Some byprocts of this process are called "greenhouse" gases, the most important one of which is carbon dioxide. Dr Janice Foster explains: "There is a natural phenomenon that scientists call the "greenhouse effect".This is when small amounts of gases in the atmosphere, like carbon dioxide, methane and water vapour, trap heat from the sun and therefore warm the earth. Without the'greenhouse effect
the earth would be about thirty-three degrees Celsciu cooler than it is. So, we need those gases. The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.
We know that the levels of carbon dioxide have increased greatly over the last 100 to 150 years. It was a scientist called Charles Keeling, who made accurate measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997. He found that between these years the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere went up from around 315 parts to around 370 parts per million(see Graph 2)
All scientists accept this data. They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide. So how high will the temperature increase go? Dr Janice Foster says that over the next 100 years the amount of warming could be as low as 1 to 1.5 degrees Celsius, but it could be as high as 5 degrees.
However, the attitude of scientists towards this rise in completely different. On the one hand, Dr Foster thinks that the trend which increases the temperature by 5 degrees would be a catastrophe. She says, " We can't predict the climate well enough to know what to expect, but it could be very serious." Others who agree with her think there may be a rise of several metres in the sea level, or predict severe storms, floods, droughts, famines, the spread of diseases and the disappearance of species. On the other hand, there are those, like George Hambley, who are opposed to this view, believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air. They predict that any warming will be mild with few bad environmental consequences. In fact, Hambley states, "More carbon dioxide is actually a positive thing. It will make plants grow quicker; crops will proce more; it will encourage a greater range of animals-all of which will make life for human beings better."
Greenhouse gases continue to build up in the atmosphere. Even if we start recing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries. No one knows the effects of global warming. Does that mean we should do nothing? Or, are the risks too great?

Unit 5
EXCITING JOB
I have the greatest job in the world. I travel to unusual places and work alongside people from all over the world. Sometimes working outdoors, sometimes in an office, sometimes using scientific equipment and sometimes meeting local people and tourists, I am never bored. Although my job is occasionally dangerous, I don't mind because danger excites me and makes me feel alive. However, the most important thing about my job is that I help protect ordinary people from one of the most powerful forces n earth-the volcano.
I was appointed as volcanologist information for a database about Mount Kilauea, which is one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii. Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast. Our work has saved man lives because people in the path of the lava can be warned to leave their houses. Unfortunately, we cannot move their homes out of the way, and many houses have been covered with lava or burned to the ground.
When boiling rock erupts from a volcano and crashes back to earth, it causes less damage than you might imagine. This is because no one lives near the top of Mount Kilauea, where the rocks fall. The lava that flows slowly like a wave down the mountain causes far more damage because it buries everything in its path under the molten rock. However, the eruption itself is really exciting to watch and I shall never forget my first sight of one. It was in the second week after I arrived in Hawaii. Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early. I was fast asleep when suddenly my bed began shaking and I heard a strange sound, like a railway train passing my window. Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didn't take much notice. I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day. I ran out of the house into the back garden where I could see Mount Kilauea in the distance. There had been an eruption from the side of the mountain and red hot lava was fountaining hundreds of metres into the air. It was an absolutely fantastic sight.
The day after this eruption I was lucky enough to have a much closer look at it. Two other scientists and I were driven up the mountain and dropped as close as possible to the crater that had been formed ing the eruption. Having earlier collected special clothes from the observatory, we put them on before we went any closer. All three of us looked like spacemen. We had white protective suits that covered our whole body, helmets,big boots and special gloves. It was not easy to walk in these suits, but we slowly made our way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red, boiling centre. The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.
Today, I am just as enthusiastic about my job as the day I first started. Having studied volcanoes now for many years, I am still amazed their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.

❷ 高二英语选修6课文A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING的翻译

西方绘画艺术简史

艺术是受着人民生活习俗和信仰的影响的，西方的艺术风格经历了多次变革，由于西方的艺术风格多种多样，在短短的一篇课文里不可能进行全面的描述。

因此，在中世纪，画家的主要任务是提出宗教主题。传统艺术家无意忠实地呈现自然和人物。

那个时期的典型绘画充满了宗教特征，表现了对上帝的爱和尊重。但显然到了13世纪，观念发生了变化，像乔托这样的画家开始以更现实的风格描绘宗教场景。

印象派时期（19世纪后期到20世纪初期）

19世纪后期，欧洲发生了巨大的变化，从农业社会到工业社会，许多人从农村搬到新城市，有许多新的发明，许多社会变化，这自然导致了新的绘画风格。

在传统写意画家在巴黎生活和工作的突破中，法国印象派画家、印象派画家是第一位户外风景画家之一，他们渴望将一天中不同的时间投射到光影的对象上，但由于自然光的快速变化，印象派画家必须迅速。

因此，他们的画没有老画家的画好；他们说画家画得漫不经心，漫不经心，他们的作品很可笑。起初，许多人不喜欢这幅画，甚至生气。

在印象派作品的创建初期，他们是有争议的，但现在已经被接受为我们所称的“现代艺术”的父亲，这是因为印象派鼓励艺术家对他们的环境有一个新的视角，现在，有几十种现代艺术风格，但没有印象派，那么在许多不同的风格中是不可能的。

一方面，有些现代艺术是抽象的；也就是说，画家不打算画我们的眼睛忠实地看到事物，而是展示物体的一些质量特征，用颜色、线条和形状来渲染它们，另一方面，一些现代艺术作品是如此逼真，看起来像一张照片。

(2)英语选修六第一单元课文语法扩展阅读：

英译中的技巧

1、高屋建瓴“揽全局”

主要是指翻译首先要区分英语主语和从句，通常先处理插入成分或从句，然后再处理主句。以战略和宏观的方式处理英语细节，而不是一次只处理一个单词。写作需要注意汉语独特的节奏，不能拖和拖，要遵循汉语语境，从远近到叙事原则来组织写作。

2、行文提倡“四、六、八”

主要是指英语翻译中简洁，流畅，自然的写作．．言简意赅的最好方法是用四字，六字或八字句，这在增强写作张力时也是如此．．四，六，八字句构成同义重复，这是汉语的一大特点．。例如：一个词流，一个紧张的情况下，箭头必须发射。

3、中文“形散神不散”

主要是指中文重意合，与英语不同，它使用介词和连词来形成句子，汉语逻辑分散在字里行间。在具体的写作中，作者遵循“以意义组为句子单位”的原则。

❸ 人教版高中英语选修6第一篇课文

选修6 第一单元的全给你了。
选修6 Unit 1 Art-Reading
A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING

Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. Styles in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones, starting from the sixth century AD.

The Middle Ages (5th to the 15th century AD)

During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes. A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were. A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way.

The Renaissance (15th to 16th century)

During the Renaissance, new ideas and values graallv replaced those held in the Middle Ages.People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were. Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements.
One of the most important discoveries ring this period was how to draw things in perspective. This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. If the roles of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.

Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century)

In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal. from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly instrial one. Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities. There were many new inventions and social changes. Naturally, these changes also led to new painting styles. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.
The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors. They were eager to show how light and shadow fell on objects at different times of day. However, because natural light changes so quickly, the Impressionists had to paint quickly. Their paintings were not as detailed as those of earlier painters. At first, many people disliked this style of painting and became very angr about it. They said that the painters were careless and their paintings were ridiculous.

Modern Art (20th century to today)

At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial, but today they are accepted as the beginning of what we call "modem art". This is because the Impressionists encouraged artists to look at their environment in new ways. There are scores of modern art styles, but without the Impressionists, many of these painting styles might not exist. On the one hand, some modem art is abstract; that is, the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes, but instead concentrates on certain qualities of the object, using colour, line and shape to represent them. On the other hand, some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photographs. These styles are so different. Who can predict what painting styles there will be in the future?

THE BEST OF MANHATTAN’S ART GALLERIES

The Frick Collection (5th Avenue and E.70th Street)
Many art lovers would rather visit this small art gallery than any other in New York. Henry Clay Frick, a rich New Yorker, died in 1919, leaving his house, furniture and art collection to the American people. Frick had a preference for pre-twentieth century Western paintings, and these are well-represented in this excellent collection. You can also explore Frick's beautiful home and garden which are well worth a Visit.

Guggenheim Museum(5th Avenue and 88th Street)
This museum owns 5,000 superb modern paintings, sculptures and drawings. These art works are not all displayed at the same time. The exhibition is always changing. It will appeal to those who love Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings. The Guggenheim Museum building is also world-famous. When you walk into gallery, you feel as if you
were inside a fragile, white seashell. The best way to see the paintings is to start from the top floor and walk down to the bottom. There are no stairs just a circular path. The museum also has an excellent restaurant.

Metropolitan Museum of Art (5th Avenue and 82nd Street)
The reputation of this museum lies in the variety of its art collection. This covers more than 5,000 years of civilization from many parts of the world, including America, Europe, China, Egypt, other African countries and South America. The museum displays more than just the visual delights of art. It introces you to ancient ways of living. You can visit an Egyptian temple, a fragrant Ming garden, a typical room in an 18th century French house and many other special exhibitions.

Museum of Modern Art (53rd Street, between 5th and 6th Avenues)
It is amazing that so many great works of art from the late 19th century to the 21st century are housed in the same museum. The collection of Western art includes paintings by such famous artists as Monet, Van Gogh, Picasso and Matisse. A few words of warning: the admission price is not cheap and the museum is often very crowded.

Whitney Museum of American Art (945 Madison Avenue, near 75th Street)
The Whitney holds an excellent collection of contemporary American painting and sculpture. There are no permanent displays in this museum and exhibitions change all the time. Every two years, the Whitney holds a special exhibition of new art by living artists. The museum also shows videos and films by contemporary video artists.

❹ 外研版英语选修六第一单元课文翻译。《the aaa》

a short history of western painting翻译
艺术是受一个民族的风俗和信仰影响。西方艺术风格经历了多次变革。因为西方艺术多种多样，在短短的一篇课文里不可能进行全面的描述。因此，本书只谈及从公元六世纪开始以来最重要的几种艺术风格。
中世纪(5到15世纪)
在中世纪时期,画家的主要目的是把宗教主题表现出来。这一时期传统的艺术家无意于如实地展现自然和人物。这时的典型绘画充满了宗教的特征，体现出了对上帝的爱戴和敬重。但是，13世纪时绘画观念在改变是显而易见的，像乔托这样的画家开始以一种更现实的方式来画宗教场景。
文艺复兴时期（15世纪到16世纪）
在文艺复兴时期,新的思想和价值观逐渐取代了中世纪的思想和价值观。人们开始较少关注宗教主题而采取一种更人性化的生活态度。同时画家们回到罗马、希腊的古典艺术理念上。他们力争如实画出人物和自然。富人们想拥有自己的艺术品，这样就可以装饰自己的高级宫殿和豪宅。他们出价聘请著名艺术家不仅让他们画他们的活动和成就，还要他们画自己的肖像、房子和所有物。
在此期间，最重要的发现之一就是如何用透视法来画出事务。这一手法是1428年由马萨乔第一次使用的。当人们第一次看到他的画时，还以为是透过墙上的小洞来观看真实的场景，并对此深信不疑。如果没有发现透视法，就没有人能画出如此逼真的画。巧合的是，这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，使得绘画的色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。没有新的颜料和新的手法，我们就不能看到很多使这一时期著名的杰作。
印象派(19世纪后期到20世纪初期)
19世纪后期，欧洲发生了巨大的变化，从以农业为主的社会转变成了以工业为主的社会。许多人从农村迁入到新城市。有许多新发明和社会变革。这些变革也自然地促成了新的绘画风格。在那些突破传统画法的画家中有生活和工作在法国巴黎的印象派画家。
印象派画家是第一批室外写景的画家。他们急切地想把一天中不同时间投射到物体上的光线和阴影呈现出来。然而由于自然光的变化很快，印象派画家们必须很快地作画，因此，他们的画就不像以前那些画家们的画那样细致了。起初，很多人不喜欢这种画法，甚至还怒不可遏。他们说这些画家作画时漫不经心，粗枝大叶，而他们的作品更是荒谬可笑。
现代艺术(20世纪到今天)
在印象派作品的创建初期，他们是存在着争议的，但是如今已经被人们接受而成为我们现在所说的“现代艺术”的始祖了。这是因为印象派鼓励画家用一种崭新的视角看待他们的环境。如今，现代艺术风格有好几十种，然而如果没有印象派，那么这许多不同的风格也许就不可能存在。一方面，有些现代艺术是抽象的，也就是说，画家并不打算把我们眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来，而是集中展现物体的某些品质特征，用色彩、线条和形状把它们呈现出来。而另一方面，有些现代派的艺术作品却是那么真实，看上去就像是照片。这些风格如此不同。谁能预言将来会有什么样的绘画风格？

❺ 选修六第一单元课文翻译

艺术

西方的艺术风格经历了多次变革，而中国艺术所经历的变革则比较少。艺术受到人民生活方式和信仰的影响，而中国，和欧洲不同，它的生活方式在很长时期里都是相近的。西方艺术风格多种多样，在短短的一篇课文里不可能进行全面的描述。因此，本文只谈从公元5世纪以来少数几种主要的艺术风格。

中世纪（公元5世纪到15世纪）

在中世纪，画家的主要任务是把宗教的主题表现出来。艺术家们无意于如实地展现自然和人物，却着意体现对上帝的爱戴与敬重，因此，这段时期的绘画充满着宗教的信条。到13世纪时，情况已经开始发生变化，像乔托这样的画家们开始以一种比较现实的风格来画宗教场景。

文艺复兴时期（15世纪到16世纪）

在文艺复兴时期，新的思想和价值观取代了中世纪的思想和价值观。人们开始更多地关注人而非宗教。画家们回到了罗马、希腊的古典艺术理念上。他们力争如实地画出人物和自然。富人们想为自己的宫殿和豪宅收集艺术品，他们高价聘请著名艺术家来为自己画相，画自己的房屋和其它财物，以及他们的活动和成就。

在此期间，最重要的发现之一就是如何用透视法来画出事物。第一个在绘画中使用透视法的人是马萨乔，那是在1428年。当人们第一次看到他的画时，还以为是透过墙上的小洞来观看真实的场景，并对此深信不疑。如果没有发现透视法，人们就不可能画出如此逼真的画。在文艺复兴对期，油画也得到了发展，它使得色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。

印象派时期（19世纪后期到20世纪初期）

19世纪后期，欧洲发生了巨大的变化，从以农业为主的社会变成了以工业为主的社会。许多人从农村迁入到新城市。有着许多新发明，还有许多社会变革。这些变革也自然而然地导致了绘画风格上的变化。在那些突破传统画法的画家中有生活和工作在法国巴黎的印象派画家。

印象派画家是第一批室外写景的艺术家。他们想把一天中不同时间投射到物体上的光线和阴影呈现出来。由于自然光的变化很快，所以印象派画家们必须很快地作画，因此，他们的画就不像以前那些画家的画那样细致了。起初，多数人都讨厌这种新式画法，甚至还怒不可遏。他们说这些画家作画时漫不经心、粗枝大叶，而他们的作品更是荒谬可笑。

现代艺术（加世纪至今）

在印象派作品的创建初期，它们是存在着争议的，但是如今已被人们接受而成为现在所说的"现代艺术"的始祖了。如今，现代艺术风格已经有好几十种，然而如果没有印象派，那么这许多不同的风格就不可能存在。印象派画家帮助艺术家甩新的方涣来观察环境与艺术。有些现代艺术养砷象的，《祖就是说,；画家并不打算把我们眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来，而是集中展现物体的某些品质特性，用色彩、线条和形状把它们呈现出来。而另一方面，有些现代派的艺术作品却是太现实了，它看上去就像是一张照片。预言将来绘画艺术的风格倒是饶有兴趣的一件事。

❻ 英语 选修六课文翻译 新人教版

艺术

西方的艺术风格经历了多次变革，而中国艺术所经历的变革则比较少。艺术受到人民生活方式和信仰的影响，而中国，和欧洲不同，它的生活方式在很长时期里都是相近的。

西方艺术风格多种多样，在短短的一篇课文里不可能进行全面的描述。因此，本文只谈从公元5世纪以来少数几种主要的艺术风格。

中世纪（公元5世纪到15世纪）

在中世纪，画家的主要任务是把宗教的主题表现出来。艺术家们无意于如实地展现自然和人物，却着意体现对上帝的爱戴与敬重，因此，这段时期的绘画充满着宗教的信条。到13世纪时，情况已经开始发生变化，像乔托这样的画家们开始以一种比较现实的风格来画宗教场景。

文艺复兴时期（15世纪到16世纪）

在文艺复兴时期，新的思想和价值观取代了中世纪的思想和价值观。人们开始更多地关注人而非宗教。画家们回到了罗马、希腊的古典艺术理念上。他们力争如实地画出人物和自然。

富人们想为自己的宫殿和豪宅收集艺术品，他们高价聘请著名艺术家来为自己画相，画自己的房屋和其它财物，以及他们的活动和成就。

在此期间，最重要的发现之一就是如何用透视法来画出事物。第一个在绘画中使用透视法的人是马萨乔，那是在1428年。当人们第一次看到他的画时，还以为是透过墙上的小洞来观看真实的场景，并对此深信不疑。

如果没有发现透视法，人们就不可能画出如此逼真的画。在文艺复兴对期，油画也得到了发展，它使得色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。

印象派时期（19世纪后期到20世纪初期）

19世纪后期，欧洲发生了巨大的变化，从以农业为主的社会变成了以工业为主的社会。许多人从农村迁入到新城市。有着许多新发明，还有许多社会变革。这些变革也自然而然地导致了绘画风格上的变化。在那些突破传统画法的画家中有生活和工作在法国巴黎的印象派画家。

印象派画家是第一批室外写景的艺术家。他们想把一天中不同时间投射到物体上的光线和阴影呈现出来。由于自然光的变化很快，所以印象派画家们必须很快地作画，因此，他们的画就不像以前那些画家的画那样细致了。起初，多数人都讨厌这种新式画法，甚至还怒不可遏。

他们说这些画家作画时漫不经心、粗枝大叶，而他们的作品更是荒谬可笑。

现代艺术（加世纪至今）

在印象派作品的创建初期，它们是存在着争议的，但是如今已被人们接受而成为现在所说的"现代艺术"的始祖了。如今，现代艺术风格已经有好几十种，然而如果没有印象派，那么这许多不同的风格就不可能存在。印象派画家帮助艺术家甩新的方涣来观察环境与艺术。

有些现代艺术养砷象的，《祖就是说，；画家并不打算把我们眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来，而是集中展现物体的某些品质特性，用色彩、线条和形状把它们呈现出来。而另一方面，有些现代派的艺术作品却是太现实了，它看上去就像是一张照片。

预言将来绘画艺术的风格倒是饶有兴趣的一件事。

(6)英语选修六第一单元课文语法扩展阅读：

英语翻译五大技巧：

第一、转换句子法。

顾名思义，转换句子法就是在英译中，或者中译英的翻译题里，为了使将要译出的句子符合中文/英文里面的表达习惯、方法和方式等目标，而把题目中原句的语态、所用词类以及句型等进行处理转换。

1、在语态上，把主动语态变为被动语态（中译英），或者把被动语态变为主动语态（英译中）。

2、在词性上面，用介词、形容词、副词、名词等来替换原来的动词，用动词、形容词、代词来替代名词，或者用短语、副词来替代形容词。

3、在句子成分的方面，用表语、定语、状语、宾语来替换主语，用表语、主语、定语转换谓语，或者用主语、状语转换定语。

4、在句型上面，可以把简单句和复杂句互换，复合句痛并列句互换，或将定语从句转化为状语从句。

第二、省略翻译法

这与最开始提到的增译法相反，就是要求你把不符合汉语，或者英语的表达的方式、思维的习惯或者语言的习惯的部分删去，以免使所翻译出的句子沉杂累赘。

第三、合并法

合并翻译法就是把多个短句子或者简单句合并到一起，形成一个复合句或者说复杂句，多出现在汉译英的题目里出现，比如最后会翻译成定语从句、状语从句、宾语从句等等。

这是因为汉语句子里面喜欢所谓的“形散神不散”，即句子结构松散，但其中的语意又是紧密相连的，所以为了表达出这种感觉，汉语多用简单句进行写作。

而英语则不同，它比较强调形式，结构严谨，所以会多用复杂句、长句。因此，汉译英时还需要注意介词、连词、分词的使用。

第四、拆分法

当然，英译汉的时候，就要采取完全相反的战术——拆分法，即把一个长难句细细拆分为一个个小短句、简单句，并适当补充词语，是句子通顺。最后，注意还需要按照汉语习惯调整语序，达到不仅能看懂而且不拗口的目标。

第五、插入法

就是把不能处理的句子，利用括号、双逗号等插入到所翻译的句子中，不过这种方法多用在笔译里面，口译用的非常少。

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