苏教英语模块三语法点

① 高中人教版英语必修三 第六模块 【Old and New 】的知识点，里面的重点语法是什么

点击查看这个链接，就会看到你需要的资料。要积分2 ，你只需点击评论文档，每次登陆可评论五个文档，得五分。本来要帮你下载，但是我的电脑最近总出意外，下载不来。你自己看看吧。
http://wenku..com/view/ccfb137602768e9951e738fe.html
这是人教版、外研版相同的内容，教学要求和词汇等也没有区别。
祝你开心如意！O(∩_∩)O~~

② 谁帮忙整理一下牛津高中英语模块一的词组，语法

对不起啊,这些资料可能对你来说不对,但我只能找到这么多了.还有因为这些资料我是从WORD上复制下来,所以格式上有点乱,请见谅.

定语从句
1. 定语从句的结构及理解
2. 定语从句的关系词的使用
3. 定语从句的简化表达
知识总结归纳
（一）定语从句的结构：在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词，它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接，这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词（关系代词或关系副词：that, which, who, whose, when, where, why）。先行词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，时间，地点，原因状语。
结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。
1. There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.
2. In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.
3. A theme park is a collection of rides, exhibitions or other attractions that are based on a common theme.
4. The park has a conservation center that helps protect marine animals and their habitats in the rivers and coastal waters of Asia.
5. Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie.
6. Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story.

（二）定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句：
限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，缺少它，则句义显得不完整，从句与先行词紧密相连。
非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词之间有逗号隔开。
1. Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar.
2. Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep.
3. Flora, whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and wet, started crying.
4. Their talk includes rhythm and rhyming words as well as tongue twisters, which often make the audience applaud.

（三）关系词前面可以根据定语从句的内容加上一些介词，这些关系词在介词后面常用which 或whom.
1. There was a man with whom I would have to work together and finally the manager of the company.

2. Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.
知识重点与难点
（一）当先行词有最高级，序数词修饰，是不定代词，或是all, no, only等形式时，关系代词一般用that，而不能用which。
1. The Titanic was the largest ship that had ever been built at that time.
2. There is one thing that keeps worrying me.
（二）当先行词是表示时间，地点，原因的词时，关系词用when, where, why 还有which, that
1. I’m very glad to return to my hometown where I had lived for 10 years.
2. This is my hometown which I used to talk about to you.
3. I think I can understand the reason why he didn’t tell the truth to me.
4. No one believes the reason that he gave us about his absence at the meeting.
（三）定语从句的简化表达：
1. The man who is sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.
2. The letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.
3. The question that is being discussed is very important.
4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.
说明：以上的定语从句部分可以用更加简单的非谓语形式表达出来：
1. The man sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.
2. The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.
3. The question being discussed is very important.
4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.
说明：修饰一个名词除了后面用定语从句以外，还可以用非谓语动词形式：doing短语，done短语，being done短语，to be done短语修饰。其结构和意思如下：
1. 被修饰名词+doing短语： 正在做….的人/正在发生的事。
2. 被修饰名词+ done短语： 被…..的人/事
3. 被修饰名词+being done短语：正在被…..的人/事
4. 被修饰名词+ to be done短语：将要被…..的人/事
（1）Do you know the man talking to my sister ?
（2）The “crazy” gesture, moving the index finger in a circle in front of the ear, means “you have a phone call” in Brazil.
（3）Did you see that car being repaired ?
（4）In a camera, the lens must be focused on the object to be photographed.
（5）The students to attend the meeting will arrive here tomorrow.
（6）Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China.
（7）The Yellow River, said to be “the mother river” runs across China like a huge dragon.

总结：以上做定语的那些短语就是英语语法中所说的分词，不定式的各种形式作定语。
1. 这些短语作定语应放在被修饰名词的后面。如果单独一个V-ing或V-ed形式作定语，则可以放在被修饰名词前面。
2. 分词作定语时，其动作应与全句动作同时发生。V-ing表示主动意义和正在做，V-ed表示被动意义。being done表示正在被做的
3. 不定式作定语表示将要发生的，to be done表示将要被做的
情态动词

1. 情态动词的推测表达
2. 情态动词表达虚拟语气
3. 某些情态动词的特殊用法

知识重点与难点总结
知识重点：
情态动词在表达推测意义的句子中的运用：
（一）用情态动词表达事实的推测。can，could，might，may，must可以用来表达对事实的推测。根据说话人对事实的把握性大小，must表示“肯定…”，may / might / can / could表示“可能……”， must只用于肯定句中，may / might的否定式may not / might not表示 “可能不……”, 而can / could可以用于疑问句，表示“可能，可能……吗?”，其否定式can’t / couldn’t 表示“不可能”。用情态动词可以对现在或过去的事实进行推测。对不同的时间内容推测有不同的结构。

（二）对现在的事实进行推测：
主要结构：…must / may / might +动词原形
be+名词/形容词/介词短语
be + doing
例句：
1. You must be Jeanne. I’m Mathilde Loisel. We used to know each other very well.
2. They must be in bed already at this time of the night.
3. The teacher must be joking.
4. Freda isn’t in class. She must be sick.
5. There must be something wrong.
6. She might be very clever, but she hasn’t got much common sense.
7. He may be arriving this evening.
8. He may be traveling around the world.
9. The keys can’t be in the room. I have just searched it very carefully.
10. Can the news be true ?

（三）对过去的事实进行推测：结构：情态动词+have done / been+名词/形容词/介词短语
例句：
1. Mrs. Longmans must have been a pretty girl in her youth.
2. He couldn’t have seen Anna yesterday. She’s gone abroad.
3. I think I must have left my glasses in the library.
4. He might have overslept again.
5. Where can Tom have gone ?
情态动词表达虚拟语气：表达“本来…”，“不然早就…”。这是情态动词的一种虚拟语气用法。表示说话人所讲的与所发生的事实相反。表达了说话人的埋怨，后悔的语气。其结构是在一些情态动词后面加 have done 结构。根据要表达的意思，有如下结构：
should have done / ought to have done：本应该……
shouldn’t have done / oughtn’t to have done：本不该……
could have done：本来可以……
needn’t have done：本来没必要……
would like to have done：本来很想……
would rather not have done: 本来不愿意……
could / might / have done: 不然早就……
例句：
1. You shouldn’t have laughed at his mistakes.
2. You could have told us earlier.
3. I ought to have bought that dictionary last week.
4. You ought not to have spent so much time in reading novels.
5. We need not have been in a tearing hurry to catch the train.
6. They would like to have seen that film last film.
7. If he had given me his number, I could have telephoned him.
8. They might have been frozen to death but for the rescue in time.

知识难点：
某些情态动词的特殊用法：
need 和dare 的两种形式的用法
need 和dare可以用做实义动词，后面接不定式（to do）结构，在疑问句和否定句中，加助动词do/does/did/或don’t/doesn’t/didn’t。作为情态动词使用时，主要用于疑问句和否定句中。情态动词needn’t（没有必要，不必）相当于don’t have to
例句：
1. It is cold, you need to wear some warm clothes.
2. Need I stay here with you for a while ? Thank you, you needn’t.
3. How dare you speak to parents like that ?
注意：
句型I dare say+从句。 意思是：我肯定…… = I’m sure或There is no doubt that+从句。
例句：
I dare say that my uncle will get the money if I die.
will和would
表示“意志”或“愿意”，would 则指过去愿意做……
例句：
1. He said that he would help us.
2. You may telephone if you will accept this job.
would可以表达“过去习惯做……”类似于“used to do”
例句：
1. When we were children, we would go swimming every summer in that river.
表示请求，固定的句型：Will/Would you please do…? / Would you like to do…?
例句：Will/Would you please give him a message when you see him ?
shall
1. 用于第一，三人称，表示“请求”；“建议” 或“推荐”
例句：
1. Shall we start the meeting now?
2. Shall I watch TV now ?
3. Shall my son carry the case for you ?
2. 用于第二人称，表示“命令，“要求”，“许诺”
例句：
1. You shall take whatever you like.
2. You shall not go to the party with me if you make so much noise again.
在表示推测的否定句或疑问句中，常用can /can’t /could / couldn’t表示，意思是：“可能…吗?”；“…不可能…”。而不能使用mustn’t或must等词。
与it有关的主要句型
it强调句型

知识总结归纳：
（一）it用做形式主语或形式宾语：根据句子结构的需要，it用做形式主语或形式宾语，而真正的主语或宾语（to do 短语，doing短语，名词性从句）则放在句尾。
主要句型：
It’s +形容词/名词+连词+名词性从句
to do sth.
doing sth.
find / make / think / feel it +形容词/名词+连词+名词性从句
to do sth.
doing sth.
例句：
1. It will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English .
2. It’s usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs .
3. It’s a pity that I didn’t think of it earlier.
4. It’s no use going there so early.
5. Out teacher thinks it no good learning without practice.
6. Didn’t I make it clear to you that I was not coming ?
7. We found it strange that no one would take the money.

（二）其他句型
1. It takes+时间段+sb.+ to do sth.
2. 表示“据说，据报道，/人们认为/相信/建议等
It’s said that…….
It’s reported that ……
It’s believed/thought/suggested that……
例句：
1. It generally takes time to reach this point—being on the same wavelength .
2. It is believed that the two children went off exploring（探险）on their own and get stuck on the cliff .
3. It’s suggested that we should have a meeting to discuss the problem .
4. It was once predicted（预测）that British and American English would become separate languages finally .

（三）it在强调句型中：在英语中，为了突出强调句子的某一个成分（谓语除外），达到强调或使听话人特别注意这一部分的目的。便形成了一种强调句型。
It is / was+被强调的部分+that / who+句子的其他部分。
It is / was not until+时间+that+句子的其他部分。
例句：
1. I saw John on my way to school this morning.
It was John who/that I saw on my way to school this morning.
It was on my way to school that I saw John this morning.
It was this morning that I saw John on my way to school.
2. It was his best suit that John wore to the dance last night.
3. It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcast began.
4. It was the strange way things looked and sounded in my familiar room at night that frightened me so much .
5. It was the kindness and sympathy in their eyes that prevented me from doing so .

知识难点：
（一）注意强调句型的变形，即以一般疑问句或特殊疑问句的形式出现的强调句型。
1. What is it that Joe can’t find in the bathroom ?
2. Where was it that you met the foreign guests from Australia?
3. I can’t quite remember when it was that we married.
4. Was it because he was very ill that he asked for leave?

（二）是强调句型还是that主语从句或其他复合句
1. It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
2. It is these poisonous procts that can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles.
3. It was almost ten o’clock when our soldiers came back from the front.
4. Was it in this place that the last king died ?

（三）注意强调句型中被强调部分带有定语从句
Was it at the air battle on June 8, 1944, which was led by Captain Johnson that Peter lost his life.

知识总结归纳
（一）概述：
主语与谓语的一致：在英语表达中，谓语动词的形式要和主语的人称和数保持一致。主要体现在be动词，助动词do, have 以及一般现在时态中的动词形式。
谓语动词与主语保持一致的基本原则：语法一致，就近一致和意义一致。
名词或代词做主语有人称和单，复数之分，动词的单数就是第三人称单数形式，而动词的复数形式即动词的原形。
例句：
1. I am seventeen, and he is sixteen.
2. There is a desk in the room, but there are no chairs in it.
3. John gets up at six o’clock every morning.
4. What is the latest news about the Olympic Games ?
5. The family are sitting at the breakfast table.

（二）语法一致：
1. 由and连接的两个名词或代词做主语：
（1）这部分主语表示的是两个人或两件不同的事物，谓语动词用复数形式。
例句：
① My brother and I have both seen that film.
② Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.
③ The poet and the novelist were both present at the meeting.
④ Reading, writing and arithmetic are called the three R’s.
（2）这部分主语表示具有两个身份或性质的同一个人或一个完整的事物，谓语动词用单数形式。
例句：
① The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting.
② War and peace is a constant theme in history.
③ One more knife and fork is needed.
④ The statesman and poet was engaged in warfare all his life.
⑤ Law and order has been established.
⑥ Bread and butter is our daily food.
⑦ Fish and chips is a popular fast food.
⑧ The stars and stripes is the national flag of U.S.A.
（3）这部分主语前面有each, every, many a, no 等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
例句：
① Each doctor and（each）nurse was given a new shirt.
② No sound and no voice is heard.
③ Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.
④ Every minute and every second is precious.
2. 动名词，不定式，主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例句：
① Reading is a great pleasure in life.
② To live means to create.
③ That we need more time is obvious.
④ What is needed is food and medicine.
3. 表示时间，金钱，距离，重量的复数名词表示数量做主语时，被视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
例句：
① Three thousand miles is a long distance.
② Eight hours of sleep is enough.
4. 不定代词anyone, anything, everyone, everything, someone, something, no one, nothing, each the other 等做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例句：
① Is anybody going to tell him the news ?
② Someone wants to see you.

（三）就近原则
由连词or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, 连接的两个名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词和离它最近的哪个名词或代词的人称和数一致。
例句：
1. Either you or Jean is to be sent to New Zealand.
2. Not only his family but also he likes Chaplin’s movies.
3. Neither Tom nor the Browns enjoy their journey to Beijing owing to the bad weather.
4. George or Tom is wanted.
注意：There be句型中be 的形式由它后面的第一个名词的数决定。
例句：
1. There aren’t any letters in the mail for you today.
2. There is a lamp, two pens and three books on the desk.
3. Here are some envelopes and paper for you.
名词后面带有with, along with, together with, besides, except, but, like, including, as well as, rather than短语共同做主语时，谓语动词与这些短语前面的那个名词的数一致。
例句：
1. All but one were here just now.
2. A library with five thousand books is offered to that nation as a gift.
3. An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work.
4. You as well as I are wrong.

（四）意义一致
1. 代词none, neither, all的不可数形式还是复数形式由它们指的内容决定
例句：
（1）All hope has gone.
（2）All are agreed on this point.
（3）—Is there any milk in the fridge? —No, there is none.
（4）None has returned from the meeting.
2. 集合名词group, class, family, army, enemy, team等名词的单，复数形式根据它们强调的内容而定。
例句：
（1）The class were all cheerful.
（2）The team were taking over some new plays.
（3）The group are reading the newspapers.
（4）The army is going to remain in this town.
（5）The army have rescued the travelers.
3. 限定词短语all of…; none of…; a lot of…; 以及分数/百分数+of ….修饰名词构成的名词短语做主语时，谓语动词的形式由of 后面的名词形式决定。
例句：
（1）None of these suggestions are very helpful.
（2）I don’t think any of us wants to work tomorrow.
（3）Two-fifths of the students in the class are from Arabic-speaking countries.

难点突破
1. 主谓一致的考查主要体现在单项选择和短文改错两个题型中。同学们在练习和应试时，遇到这样的题时，要牢记主谓一致的三个基本原则。一定要根据句子内容抓住关键的主语部分。同时还要考虑句子的时态和语态。
2. one of +复数名词做定语从句的先行词时，定语从句中的谓语动词与复数名词一致。 the only one of +复数名词做定语从句的先行词时，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。
例句：
Jim was one of the boys who were late for class.
Jim was the only one of the boys who was late for class.

③ 七年级下册英语第一模块知识树，第2模块，第三模块，第四模块。谢谢大家了。。

一级模块
二级模块
三级模块
模块说明

1-语法
1-1 名词
1-1-1 名词定义及分类
名词这一章在初中的难点是名词的辨析，一般在完形填空中涉及较多。名词单复数和所有格的考察相对来说也很多，这块儿一般在单选或写作中运用较多。

1-1-2 可数名词的单单复数

1-1-3 不可数名词的数

1-1-4 名词的所有格

1-1-5 名词的用法

1-2 冠词
1-2-1 冠词的泛指
冠词在中考中涉及内容不多，但要求考生对冠词的泛指、特指、类指等有个基本的了解，所以考生应该掌握理解这些基本用法，然后再按照顺序，对各个冠词的具体用法有个了解。

1-2-2 冠词的特指

1-2-3 冠词的类指

1-2-4 不定冠词的用法

1-2-5 定冠词的用法

1-2-6 零冠词的用法

1-2-7 冠词的位置

1-3 代词
1-3-1 人称代词
中考对代词考点较多，人称代词，物主代词，不定代词在历年的中考中一般会有一个单选题出现。并且在完形填空，完成句子以及在写作中也会涉及较多内容。

1-3-2 物主代词

1-3-3 反身代词

1-3-4 指示代词

1-3-6 普通不定代词

1-3-5 复合不定代词

1-4 形容词
1-4-1 形容词的用法
中考在形容词中的考察点主要是形容词的比较级及最高级，这方面主要在单选及完形这块。另外，形容词辨析也是考察重点，主要在完形里考。形容词的句式一直都是考试的热点，这一点也不可忽略，完成句子里经常会考到这块儿，另外写作运用这些也是写作的亮句。副词考察的内容与形容词差不多，但要注意副词与形容词的修饰关系，以及副词与形容词所修饰词的词性的不同。

1-4-2 形容词的位置

1-4-3 形容词的排序

1-4-4 形容词的原级

1-4-5 ing形容词和ed形容词

1-4-6 形容词的比较级及最高级

1-5 副词
1-5-1 副词的用法

1-5-2 副词的位置

1-5-3 副词比较级用法

1-5-4 副词最高级用法

1-6 数词
1-6-1 基数词的表示方法及用法
数词在中考中的考点其实很多，首先在听力中会涉及到时间、距离、数字及电话号码等方面的表达。另外在主谓一致、完成句子及写作也会涉及对数词的考察。

1-6-2 序数词的表示方法及用法

1-6-3 分数及百分数的表达法

1-6-4 时间的表达法

1-6-5 日期的表达法

1-6-6 百，千，百万，十亿的用法

1-7 介词
1-7-1 表示时间的介词
介词是中考的必考考点，其涉及面较广，基本上在各个题型中都有涉及，尤其是在单选、完形及书面表达中最为突出。单选中主要考察时间介词；完形及书面表达中以介词短语的考查为主。

1-7-2 表示方位的介词

1-7-3 表示工具，手段，方式的介词

1-7-4 表示原因的介词

1-7-5 常混淆介词

1-8 连词
1-8-1 并列连词
连词也是中考比较重要的考点，一般会出现在单选、完形和书面表达中，虽然该考点不是难点，但建议考生在写作中适当应用连词以增强文章逻辑性

1-8-2 从属连词

1-9 动词
1-9-1 实义动词的用法
动词是中考考查最多的考点，也是英语学习中最为重要的知识点。只要出现英语试题的地方肯定会用到动词。在中考中，考点主要涉及到时态、语态、主谓一致、情态动词、非谓语动词、动词词组及词义辨析等等。动词也是考生容易犯错的地方，需要考生加强对该模块的学习。

1-9-2 动词辨析

1-9-3 系动词

1-9-4 助动词

1-9-5 动词词组

1-10 动词的时态
1-10-1 一般现在时
时态的考查贯穿整个中考试题，主要考查8个基本时态。直接考点出现在单选、完成句子及写作中；但在完形、阅读的做题过程中也会间接涉及到考生对时态的掌握情况。单选中一般考查不同时态的辨析及时态与语态的结合，写作中主要是考查正确语态的选用。完形和阅读中需要考生注意不同时态表达意义的不同。建议考生从结构、用法、时间状语等方面进行对时态的学习和把控。

1-10-2 一般过去时

1-10-3 一般将来时

1-10-4 过去进行时

1-10-5 过去将来时

1-10-6 过去完成时

1-10-7 将来进行时

1-10-8 将来完成时

1-10-9 现在完成时

1-10-10 现在进行时

1-11 动词的语态
1-11-1 主动表被动
动词语态一般与时态或情态动词结合考查，是中考中的必考考点。

1-11-2 时态中的被动

1-11-3 被动语态中的特殊情况

1-12 情态动词
1-12-1 情态动词的定义与特征
情态动词也是中考必考考点，主要考查情态动词表推测的用法、情态动词的被动语态及情态动词的答语。

1-12-2 重要情态动词的用法

1-12-3 情态动词表推测和问答考点

1-13 非谓语动词
1-13-1 不定式
非谓语动词在中考中涉及的考点也较多，是中考的热点。考点会涉及对非谓语的基本用法及含义。在单选，完成句子及写作中考查较多。建议学生对非谓语有个全面的学生，对其本质有个了解。

1-13-2 动名词

1-13-3 分词

1-14 主谓一致
1-14-3 语法一致原则
考纲要求考生掌握主谓一致的三大原则即语法一致、逻辑意义一致、就近原则；掌握主谓一致的特殊用法；学会分析句式，排除干扰，分清主谓，明了句子的主谓关系。

1-14-2 意义一致原则

1-14-3 临近原则

1-15 倒装
1-15-1 完全倒装
中考在倒装上的考察主要是集中在部分倒装部分，同时也要兼顾到一些倒装的特殊用法，建议考生在写作中应用增加亮点。

1-15-2 部分倒装

1-16 陈述句
1-16-1 陈述句的否定
这几类句子在中考中的考查重要性不高，但作为基础，他们仍是与其他语法相结合考查，学生们应该对其有着基本的了解和运用能力。

1-17 疑问句
1-17-1 疑问句的分类

1-17-2 反义疑问句

1-18 祈使句
1-18-1 祈使句

1-19 感叹句
1-19-1 感叹句

1-20 并列句
1-20-1 并列句

1-21 复合句
1-21-1 宾语从句
宾语从句是中考的必考点，单选中必有，完成句子、写作中也会有涉及。状语从句也是必考点，重点放在时间和条件状语从句中，与时态结合考查；定语从句主要在完形和阅读理解中出现，但在写作中应用会成为写作亮点。

1-21-2 主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句

1-21-3 定语从句

1-21-4 状语从句

2-完形
2-1 完形填空
2-1-1完形填空技巧
完形填空是一种测试考生综合运用英语语言知识能力的一种题型，它集阅读理解能力与语言应用能力考查于一体，考查考生在阅读理解基础上，在一定语言情景下灵活运用词汇的能力。它首先要求考生具备较强的阅读能力，具备能根据短文所给线索，捕捉相关信息，进行分析判断、逻辑推理的能力，它还要求考生能熟练运用所学词汇、语法、习惯用语及交际用语等语言知识进行填词，考查了使用语言的准确性。考生除必须掌握一定的语法、词汇知识外，还有赖于提高阅读理解能力。因为只有看懂了短文才能确定正确答案。

2-1-3完形填空高频考词

3-阅读理解
3-1 选择性阅读
3-1-1 事实细节
阅读理解题是中考英语的测试重点，也是中考英语试题中卷面分值最高的一种题型，在各地中考试卷中约占30％的比例。阅读理解题对学生提出了较高的能力要求，主要是考查学生通过阅读获取信息、分析信息和处理信息的能力，既要抓住文章的主旨，又要抓住细节；既要理解具体事实，又要理解抽象概念；既要理解文章字面意思，又要挖掘作者意图，揣摩隐藏在字里行间的内涵既要理解全篇的逻辑关系又要理解某些细节的意思，并且在读懂句子和文章的基础上，将所读文章进行判断、分析和推理。概括的说就是这类题注重考查阅读技能，包括理解短文大意、了解具体细节、通过上下文猜测词义、归纳篇章大意，以及推断或理解作者的态度和意图等。考生不仅要具有准确获得信息的能力，还要具有透过文章表层意思理解文章隐含意义的能力。这样才能抓住中心思想，作出正确的判断。试题涉及掌握语篇主旨，事实细节、深层含义、推理判断、猜测词义等多方面的阅读能力考查。

3-1-2 主旨大意

3-1-3 推理判断

3-1-4 猜测词义

3-1-5 阅读高频词汇

3-2 任务型阅读
3-2-1 句意理解和篇章结构

3-3 信息匹配题
3-3-1 文章结构

4-书面表达
4-1 中考作文
4-1-1 审题，句式，语法和结构
书面表达是对学生在初中阶段英语学习的综合考查，涉及篇章结构、句子构成、短语使用和单词拼写等多方面内容。

5-完成句子
5-1 完成句子
5-1-1 中考五十句型和变化表达
完成句子一般是指根据所给汉语完成句子。这类题型主要检测学生的语言基础和对语法知识的掌握，如时态、语态、主从复合句等，特别应注意固定短语及常用的习惯搭配的积累，还要注意区别英汉表达上的差异，两种语言在句型结构、词语对应上的不同之处。答题时，要判断所给句子该译成简单句、并列句还是复合句，并灵活运用英语句型结构；要考虑使用什么时态、语态；要注意用法表达的准确性，选准单词，才能使译句表达得清楚、准确。

6-听力理解
6-1 中考听力
6-1-1 中考听力技巧
英语听力试题位于开头部分，能否做好听力测试对整个考试至关重要，所以一定要争取时间 提前审题。? 同时还要沉着答题 ，遇难不慌 ，最后要仔细检查 理顺关系。

④ 高一必修二英语第三模块文化角落语法讲解

• 语法一：时间状语从句

时间状语从句主要用于说明主句动词的时间,其类型颇多详见如下归纳。

1． When 引导的时间状语从句,意为“当……的时候”，when 的从句可以用延续性动词。 He was working at the table when I went in . 当我进去的时候，她正在桌旁工作。 I was watching TV when he came. 他来的时候我正在看电视。

注意：when 也可以作并列连词，表示一个动作即将或正在进行或刚完成的时候，突然发生了另一件事。

I was about to leave when the telephone rang. 我正要离开，这是电话铃响了。

We were working in the chemistry lab, when the lights went out.

我们正在化学实验室工作，突然灯熄灭了。

I had just gone to sleep when there was a knock at the door. 我刚入睡就有人敲门。

2． While 引导的时间状语从句，表示“与……同时，在……期间”。While 的从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的词。

They rushed in while we were discussing problems. 当我们正在讨论问题时，他们冲了进来。 Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games.

当我正在玩电子游戏时，爸爸在清洗汽车。

注意：while 还可以表示对比意义，意为“而；却”。例如：

Jane was dressed in blue, while Mary was dressed in red.

珍妮穿着蓝色的衣服，而玛丽穿红色的。

3． As 引导的时间状语从句，作“当……的时候，一边……一边”“随着----”解，as 的从句中可使用延续性动词，也可使用非延续性动词。例如：

He sang as he was working.他一边工作一边唱歌。

As time goes by, we have a better understanding of things around us.

随着时间的推移，我们对自己周围的事务有了更好的理解。

4． Before 和 after 引导的从句：前者一边表示主句的动作发生早从句的动作之前；后者表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。例如：

I didn’t know any English before I started school. 我上学之前，一点英语都不懂

I had cooked supper before my parents came back. 我父母回来之前，我就做好了晚饭。 It won’t be long before we meet again. 我们不久就能见面。

After he came out, he locked the door. 他出来后，就锁上了门。

5． Since 和 ever since 引导的从句：表示“自从……以来”，从句一般表示动作的起点，用过去时。主句表示动作延续的情况，一般用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。如果主句表示的是时间，主句可用一边现在时，也可用现在完成时。

现在完成时(延续性动词)…since+…过去时（非延续性动词）“自从……以来”

现在完成时(延续性动词)…since+…过去时 （延续性动词）“自（延续性动词结束以来……” Since he came here , he has made a lot of friends.他来这里以后，已交了许多朋友。

He has been working here ever since he left university.

自从大学毕业以后，他就一直在这里工作。

She has lived alone since her husband died.自丈夫去世后她就一直独自生活。

I have been wearing glasses since I was three.我三岁以后一直戴眼镜。

It is ten years since he smoked.他戒烟十年了。

• 语法二 过去完成时

1. 过去完成时由助动词had 加过去分词构成，主要表示在过去某时之前已发生的动作或情况，也可以说时“过去时间的过去”。

其被动形式为“had + been + p.p” 例如：

By the end of last term, we had learned more than 3,000 English words.

到上个学期末为止我们已经学了3000 多个单词了。

注意：如果句中出现了表示过去的具体时间状语，句子的内容可为过去的实际情况或句子中的内容为历史事实时，句中的动词时态只能用一般过去时。例如：

The teacher said that it was Columbus who first discovered the American continent.

2. 在表示某人过去未曾完成的“心愿，打算，计划，想法，许诺”等等时，hope , mean ,plan, want ,promise , intend 等位于动词必须用过去完成时。例如：

I had planned to offer you some help in your shop, but suddenly my mother fell ill yesterday. 昨天我原本计划在你的店里帮一些忙的，但是我妈妈突然病了。

He had hoped to spend the important day with us last Sunday , but he was too busy then. 上星期他原本很想与我们一起度过这个重要的日子，可是他当时实在太忙了

⑤ 七年级下册英语（人教版）7、8、9模块的语法，句型，重点短语

Unit7 What does he look like?
一．短语
1. look like 看起来像.... 2. curly /short/straight/long hair 卷／短／直发
3. medium height/build 中等高度／身体 4. a little bit 一点儿…
5. a pop singer 一位流行歌手 6 .have a new look 呈现新面貌
7. go shopping (do some shopping) 去购物 8. the captain of the basketball team篮球队队长
9. be popular with sb 为---所喜爱 10. one of --- ---中的一个
11 .stop to do sth 停下来去做某事 12. stop doing sth 停止正在做的事情
13 .tell jokes/ stories 讲笑话/ 讲故事 14. have fun doing sth 愉快地做某事
15. remember ( forget) to do sth 记得（忘记）做某事（没有做的）
16 . remember (forget) doing sth 记得（忘记）做过某事（已做）
二．本单元的重点句：
1.Is that your friend? No, it isn’t. 2. What does she look like?
3. I think I know her. ( I don’t think I know her.) 4. Wang Lin is the captain of the basketball team.
5. She’s a little bit quiet. 6 .Xu Qian loves to tell jokes.
7 .She never stops talking. 8 .She likes reading and playing chess.
9. I don’t think he’s so great. 10. I can go shopping and nobody knows me.
11. Now he has a new look.
三．重难点解析
1. What does/ do +主语 + look like? 询问某人的外貌特征，看上去什么样？
Eg: What does your friend look like?
2. 形容头发时， 可按照先长短，后曲直， 最后说颜色的顺序说。(长形色)
Eg: She has long curly black hair.
3. one of + 名词复数 ，谓语动词要用“单三”形式。
Eg: One of his friends is a worker.
4. 不定代词做主语时， 谓语动词要用“单三”形式。修饰不定代词词，应该放在它的后面．
Eg: I can go shopping and nobody knows me.
5．He is …(通常为形容词，包括身高、体形等)
He has…（通常为形容词修饰的名词，包括头发、五官）
He wears…（穿、戴、留。可以是衣服、帽子、鞋子等，也可以是眼镜、手表、胡须）
6．I don’t think…的用法 表达否定的看法I don’t think she is good-looking.(否定主观态度)
Unit 8 I＇d like some noodles
一． 短语
1．beef and tomato noodles＼noodles with beef and tomato 牛肉西红柿面
chicken and cabbage noodlesmutton and potato noodles
tomato and egg noodlesbeef and carrot noodles
2．would like to do sth \want to do s.th 想要作某事
3．what kind of noodles什么种类的面条 4．what size bowl of noodles什么大小碗型的面
5．a large＼medium\small bowl of noodles 大＼中＼小碗的面
6．ice cream冰淇淋orange juice桔汁green tea绿茶RMB人民币phone number
7． House of Dumplings＼noodles饺子＼面馆Dessert House甜点屋
二．重点句型
1． What kind of vegetables\meat\ drink food would you like?
I’d like …… I’d like chicken and cabbage noodles.
2. What kind of noodles would you like? I’d like beef noodles.
3. What kind of noodles would you like? I’d like chicken and cabbage noodles.
4. What size bowl \plate of noodles would you like?
5. I’d like a large \ medium\ small bowl noodles.
6. What size cake would you like? I would like a small birthday-cake.
三．重难点解析
1．would like 想要 （表示一种委婉的语气）其用法相当于want.
would like + 名词 would like an apple (want an apple)
would like to do sth He would like to play soccer.
----Would you like to see the dolphins? ----Yes, I’d like to.
（1）would 是情态动词，没有人称和数的变化，可与人称代词缩写为’d, 与其它情态动词一样可帮助完成疑问句和否定句。（你能举出例子吗？） 我想要些牛肉。 I’d like some beef.
她想去打乒乓球。She would like to play ping-pang. （你能变否定句和疑问句吗？）
（2) Would you like sth.? 是提建议的一种句型，如需用一些，用some而不用any.
肯定回答是： Yes, please./ All right./ Yes./OK. 其否定回答是：No, thanks.
2． What kind of noodles would you like?
kind 在此句中作“种类”讲，a kind of 一种，all kinds of 各种各样的。kind of 有几分
A cat is a kind of animal. There are all kinds of animals in the zoo The cat is kind of smart.
3．Can I help you?你要买什么? 肯定Yes, please . I would like …… 否定No, thanks.

Unit 9 How was your weekend
一．短语
1. play +运动 play soccer play tennis play sports
play the + 乐器 play the guitar play with…和某人＼物玩耍
2．have +三餐 have breakferst \lunch \ supper
3. study for… clean the room visit sb stay at homehave a party talk show
4．go to the beach go to the movies go for a walk go to the mountains
5．go shopping\do some shopping \go to the shop 买东西
6．last weekend＼over the weekend 上周末on weekends 每周末
7．on +某日＋morning\afternoon\evening (或具体的某一天) in + morning\afternoon\evening
in+世纪\年＼月＼季节at +时刻last (next) month＼year\week
8．what about＋n\v-ing\pren=how about ……呢
9. spend the weekend last week 度过上周的周末
10．it’s time to do sth＝it’s time for sth 该做么的时候了 11．look for寻找．．．．．
二，重点句型和语法
1．一般过去时
表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,通常与过去的时间状语连用:
yesterday ,last week(month,year)
（1）系动词be的过去时: am(is) →was, are →were
陈述句：He was at home yesterday.
否定句：He wasn’t at home yesterday.
疑问句：Was he at home yesterday? Yes ,he was./No ,he wasn’t.
（2）行为动词的一般过去时:
陈述句：主语+动词过去式+其它 I go to the movie. →I went to the movie.
否定句：主语+助动词didn’t+动词原形+其 I don’t go to school today. →I didn’t go to school.
一般疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形+其它Do you have breakfast? →Did you have breakfast?
Yes,I do./No,I don’t. Yes,I did./No,I didn’t.
（3）规则动词的过去式变化规则

变化规则 例词
一般在词尾加—ed. play→played
以不发音的e结尾的，只加--d. like →liked
love →loved
以辅音字母+y 结尾的，变y为i ,再加—ed. study →studied
carry →carried
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed stop →stopped
plan →planned
动词不规则变化：
do →did have →had go →went see →saw read →read get →got
give →gave sleep →slept eat →ate write →wrote find_---found
2. what’s the date today? It’s …
3. What was the date yesterday? It was…
What’s the weather like today? It’s …?
4. How was your weekend?
6．What did she do ? She did her homework
7．What did he do last weekend ? He played soccer
8．．It’s time to go home= It’s time for home

⑥ 牛津高中英语模块三语法

就是紫红色的那本书，对么？
3各单元，每个单元有因为解释，书上的解释不够全面，建议你使用教辅书训练，推荐《世纪金榜译林牛津版模块三》，最好是答案有解析的，就算把语法告诉你，不会做题也没用

⑦ 日语语法

初学日语干货，将日语学以致用才是最终目标，你应该这样学习

语言的学习途径比较多，但是实际上大家还是最喜欢一些寓教于乐的东西。很多时候最关键的还是体验学习的氛围，更要注重和别人的交流。下面我们就来看看怎样真正将日语学以致用才是最终目标。

日语和英语有联通的地方，就是很多的日语单词都是由英文直接音译形成的，也就是外来语，比如英语的床是bed，日语的床的发音是beto，利用这个可以把两种语言合在一起学，英语注重语法，日语注重词汇，合在一起没有太大的障碍。

学校里天天学英语，周末学日语，彼此之间没有什么影响，倒是由于英语的基础很轻松的就背会了很多日语单词。学习没有捷径，没有所谓的简单快捷的方法，只有相对来说比较有效果的方法。

日语完全依靠自学难度比较大，建议刚开始的时候跟发音好的老师学习五十音图。入手重点掌握五十音图的读音、读法、书写及一些日语的基础句型。首先必须打好基础，这对你今后的学习尤为重要，可以少走许多弯路。应该注意多给自己学好它的信心，不要半途而废。对自身并没有什么要求，只要你想学，而且有信心学好它就可以了。学习任何东西都需要一个过程，一步登天的梦想是不可求的。也许这其中少不了枯燥乏味的感受，但是，请记住一点：贵在坚持，你就会有收获的。