A. 初中七年级英语语法总结归纳
七年级下册英语语法点总结(1)
七年级下册英语语法点总结(1)
分类：英语学习
Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from?
一．短语：
1 ．be from = come from 来自于----
2． live in 居住在---
3． on weekends 在周末
4 ．write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信；写信给某人
5 ．in the world 在世界上 in China 在中国
6．pen pal 笔友 14 years old 14岁 favorite subject 最喜欢的科目
7．the United States 美国 the United Kingdom 英国 New York 纽约
8．speak English 讲英语 like and dislike 爱憎
9．go to the movies 去看电影 play sports 做运动
二．重点句式：
1 Where’s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/
2 Where does he live?
3 What language(s) does he speak?
4 I want a pen pal in China.
5 I can speak English and a little French.
6 Please write and tell me about yourself.
7 Can you write to me soon?
8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports.
三．本单元的国家，人民、语言对应。
1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French
2 France------ French------French
3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese
4 Australia----Australian----- English
5 the United States------ American---- English
6 the United Kingdom---British----- Enghish
Unit 2 Where’s the post office?
一． Asking ways: (问路)
1． Where is (the nearest) ……？ （最近的）……在哪里？
2． Can you tell me the way to ……？ 你能告诉我去……的路吗？
3． How can I get to ……？ 我怎样到达……呢？
4． Is there …… near here / in the neighborhood? 附近有……吗？
5． Which is the way to ……？ 哪条是去……的路？
二．Showing the ways: （指路）
1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿着这条街一直走。
2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二个路口向左转。
3. You will find it on your right. 你会在你右手边发现它。
4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 离这里大约一百米远。
5. You’d better take a bus. 你最好坐公交车去。（You’d better+动词原形）
三．词组
1. across from …… 在……的对面 across from the bank 在银行的对面
2. next to…… 紧靠…… next to the supermarket 紧靠超市
3. between……and…… 在……和……之间
between the park and the zoo 在公园和动物园之间
among 表示位于三者或三者以上之间
4. in front of…… 在……前面 There is a tree in front of the classroom.
课室前面有棵树。
in the front of…… 在……（内）的前部 There is a desk in the front of the classroom.
课室内的前部有张桌子。
5. behind…… 在……后面 behind my house 在我家后面
6. turn left/ right 向左/右拐
on the left/right of…… 在某物的左/右边 on the left of our school 在我们学校的左边
on one’s left/right 在某人的左/右边 on my left 在我左边
7. go straight 一直走
8. down /along…… 沿着……（街道） down/along Center Street 沿着中央街
9. in the neighborhood=near here 在附近
10 welcome to…… 欢迎来到……
11. take /have a walk 散步
12. the beginning of…… ……的开始,前端
at the beginning of…… 在……的开始,前端
in the beginning 起初，一开始
13. have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得开心，过得愉快
我昨天玩得很开心。 I had fun yesterday.
I had a good time yesterday.
I enjoyed myself yesterday.
14. have a good trip 旅途愉快
15. take a taxi 坐出租车
16. 到达：get to +地方 get here/ there/ home 到这/那/家
arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing.
arrive at +小地方 I arrive at the bank.
reach +地方
17．go across 从物体表面横过 go across the street 横过马路
go through 从空间穿过 go through the forest 穿过树林
18．on + 街道的名称。 Eg: on Center Street
at + 具体门牌号+街道的名称 Eg: at 6 Center Street
三．重难点解析
1．enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的乐趣，喜爱做某事
I enjoy reading. 我喜爱读书。
到目前为止，我们学了两个特殊的动词finish和enjoy，都是要带 doing.
I finish cleaning the room. 我扫完了这间屋子。
2．hope to do sth 希望做某事 I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通过这次考试。
hope +从句 I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天将会晴朗。
（从句即是一个小句子，这个小句子又放在大句子中，从属于大句子，所以叫从句。如tomorrow will be fine是一个从句，它又放在I hope 的后面，形成句中有句。）
3. if 引导一个表示假设的句子。
If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有许多钱，我就会去月球。
If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket.
如果你饿了的话，你可以在超市买一些食物。
四．本单元的反义词、近义词配对
1new—old 2 quiet--- busy 3 dirty--- clean 4 big---- small
Unit 3 Why do you like koala bears?
一．重点词组
eat grass eat leaves be quiet very shy very smart very cute
play with her friends kind of South Africa other animals
at night in the day every day ring the day
二. 交际用语
1. Why do you like pandas? Because they’re very clever.
2. Why does he like koalas? Because they’re kind of interesting.
3. Where are lions from? They are from South Africa.
4. What other animals do you like?
I like dogs, too.
Why?
Because they’re friendly and clever.
5. Molly likes to play with her friends and eat grass.
6. She’s very shy.
7. He is from Australia.
8．He sleeps ring the day, but at night he gets up and eats leaves.
9．He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day.
10．Let’s see the pandas first.
11．They’re kind of interesting.
12．What other animals do you like?
13．Why do you want to see the lions?
三. 重点难点释义
1、kind of 有点，稍微
Koala bears are kind of shy. 考拉有点害羞。
kind 还有“种类”的意思
如：各种各样的 all kinds of
We have all kinds of beautiful flowers in our school.
2、China n. 中国 Africa n. 非洲
China 和Africa都是专有名词，首字母都应该大写，而且和介词in连用。
There are many kinds of tigers in China.
There are many kinds of scary animals in Africa.
3、friendly adj. 友好的，和蔼可亲的
它是名词friend的形容词形式，常常和be动词连用, be friendly。
The people in Cheng are very friendly.
4、with prep. 跟，同，和…在一起
I usually play chess with my father.
注意区别与and的用法，and通常用于连接主语或宾语，连接主语时，
如果有I, I通常放在 and 之后，如：
My father and I usually play chess together.
Play with “和…一起玩耍”“玩…”
I often play with my pet dog.
Don’t play with water!
5、day和night 是一对反义词，day 表示白天或一天，night表示夜或夜晚。
通常说in the day, ring the day, at night。
Koala bears often sleep ring the day and eat leaves at night.
6、leaf n. 叶子
复数形式为：leaves, 类似的变化还有：wife—wives, wolf—wolves,
knife—knives等。
7、hour n. 小时；点钟
hour前边通常加上冠词an 表示“一个小时”， 即：an hour。
There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes in an hour.
8、be from 来自…
be from = come from
Pandas are from China. = Pandas come form China.
9、meat n. （食用的）肉，为不可数名词，表示“许多”时，使用much来修
饰，即：much meat
He eats much meat every day.
10、grass n. 草，为不可数名词，表示“许多”时，使用much来修饰，即：much grass。
There is much grass on the playground.
四. 语法知识
特殊疑问句通常以“what”、“who”、“which”、“when”、“where”、“how”、“how old”、“how many”等开头，对某一具体问题进行提问。
特殊疑问句的基本构成有两种情况：
1. 疑问句+一般疑问句结构。这是最常见的情况。例如：
What’s your grandfather’s telephone number? 你爷爷的电话号码是多少？
Who is that boy with big eyes? 那个大眼睛的男孩是谁？
Which season do you like best? 你最喜欢哪个季节？
When is he going to play the piano? 他什么时候弹钢琴？
Where does he live? 他住在哪儿？
How are you? 你好吗？
How old are you? 你多大了？
How many brothers and sisters do you have? 你有几个兄弟姐妹？
2. 疑问句+陈述句结构。这时疑问词作主语或修饰主语。例如：
Who is on ty today?
今天谁值日？
Which man is your teacher?
哪位男士是你的老师？
我们学过的What/How about+名词/代词+其他？也是特殊疑问句，它是一种省略结构。
例如：
I like English. What/How about you? 我喜欢英语。你呢？
What about playing basketball? 打篮球怎么样？
Unit 4 I want to be an actor.
一．短语：
1 want to do sth 想要作某事
2 give sb sth = give sth to sb 给某人某物 / 把某物给某人
3 help sb do sth 帮助某人作某事 Eg: I want to help my mother do some housework at home.
4 help sb with sth 帮助某人谋事 Eg: I want to help my mother with some housework at home
5 in the day 在白天
6 at night 在晚上
7 talk with/ to sb 和----谈话
8 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 Eg: He is busy listening to the teacher.
9 in a hospital 在医院l
10 work/ study hard 努力工作
11 Evening Newspaper 晚报
二．重点句式及注意事项：
1 询问职业的特殊疑问词是what；有三种主要句式
① What + is / are + sb?
② What + does/ do + sb + do?
③ What + is/ are + 名词所有格/ 形容词性物主代词 + job?
2 People give me their money or get their money from me.
3 Sometimes I work in the day and sometimes at night.
4 I like talking to people.
5 I work late. I’m very busy when people go out to dinners.
6 Where does your sister work?
7 then we have a job for you as a waiter.
8 Do you want to work for a magazine? Then come and work for us as a reporter.
9 Do you like to work evenings and weekends?
10 We are an international school for children of 5-12.
三． 本单元中的名词复数。
1 policeman--- policemen 2 woman doctor----- women doctors 3 thief-----
B. 初中英语知识点，重点语法总结
一般现在时 do
一般过去时 did
一般将来时 will do
现在进行时 is（am are）doing
过去进行时 was（were）doing
一般过去将来时 would do
过去完成时态 had done
现在完成时 have（has）done
一、 一般现在时
1、定义 表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态，如能力、特征、性质、身份等。
2、构成 1) be --- is, am, are 2) 实意动词用原形表示 (注意当主语为第三人称单数时，动词 + s或 + es)
句型转换 1) 情态动词，联系动词提前或直接在其后加 not 2) 实意动词加do/ does或don't/ doesn't
3、用法 1) 表示经常性的、习惯性的或永久性的动作，常与 always, usually, often, sometimes, every day,
twice a month等连用. e.g. Does he usually go to school on foot?
2) 表示存在的状态，常用动词 be, have, love, like, know, see, hear, think, have, belong to 等。注意这些
动词一般不用被动语态. e.g. He doesn't like music.
3) 表示不受时间限制的客观事实或普遍真理. e.g. The earth goes round the sun.
二、一般过去时
1、定义 表示过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，可能是一次的，也可能是经常的，动作已完成。
2、构成 1) be – was，were 2) 实意动词用过去式来表示，没有人称和数的变化。
句型转换 1) was, were 提前或直接加 not 2) 实意动词加did或didn't(动词改为原形)
3、用法 1) 表示过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用 yesterday , last Friday, in 1994, an hour ago, a moment ago, last November, before 1997, on December 26, 1976. yesterday morning.
2) 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 When I was in the university, I did morning exercises every day.
3) had(have的过去式)当“有”讲时，构成疑问和否定有两种形式，其他词义同实意动词。
Did you have no friends? He hasn't enough time.
My father doesn't have lunch at factory. (不用 haven't) Did you have a good time?
三、一般将来时
1、定义 表示将来某一时间内要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如tomorrow, today, this week, next week, next month, next year, next Wednesday, from now on, in a year, in the future
2、构成和用法1)shall (第一人称)和will (所有人称) + 动词原形, 缩写为 “'ll”，否定缩写为shan't, won't。
2) be going to do，常用于口语，表示打算去做的事和可能要发生的事。 It's going to rain.
3) is/ am/ are about to do...when...表马上要发生的事,不与时间连用。I was about to leave when it rained.
4) be to do sth. 按计划或职责、义务要求必须做的事或即将发生的动作。
5) 终止性动词come, go, leave, arrive等的现在进行时刻表示按计划，安排或即将进行的动作。
6) 以if, as soon as, when, once, unless等引导的从句的一般现在时表示一般将来时。
四、过去将来时
1、定义 表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
2、构成及用法 should (第一人称)或would (第二,三人称) + 动词原形，常用于宾语从句中。
We asked him where we should have a meeting. 其他用法见一般将来时。
五、现在进行时和过去进行时
定义：现在进行时表示1）现在正在进行的动作 2）现阶段一直在进行，延续性 3）目前阶段临时发生的动作，暂时性。 is/ am/ are + doing
过去进行时表示1）过去某时正在进行的动作 2）过去某段时间正在进行的动作 3）过去瞬间发生的动作。was/ were + doing
Notes：1. 表安排、计划要发生的动作可用进行时表示将来时。这些终止性动词有arrive, begin, come, go, leave, start
2. 现在进行时与always, often等频率副词连用，表示厌烦、赞叹等感情。
3. 在条件从句中，时间状语从句中用现在进行时表示将来进行时。
4. 同理，在表条件、时间状语从句中，用过去进行时表示过去将来进行时，在一些表开始，离开的动词用过去进行时表过去将来时。
用法： 1. 现在完成时表示现阶段完成的动作或存在的状态，动作或状态从过去开始延续到现在，可能终止，
即动作发生在过去强调对现在的影响，与现在有关，常与 already, ever, lately, just, now, recently, yet,
for + 段时间, since + 点时间；in the last/ past three years, so far, by now, up to now/ present等连用
2. 过去时指过去某时或某一段时间发生的动作或存在的状态。指的现在之前的情况，与现在无关
3. 过去完成时指的过去某一时间动作之前发生的动作或存在的状态，“过去的过去”。常用句型：
1) had done + before/ when/ by the time + did 2) did + after/ until + had done
3) had done + by/ up/ since/ till + 过去时间 4) No sooner had + S. + done ... than ... did ...
5) Hardly/ Scarcely had + S. + done ... when ... did ... 6) had meant to do …
Notes: 1. just“刚才”表示刚刚过去，可以看成与说话时间紧密相连，可与现在完成时连用，也可以与过去时连用。但just now“刚才”=a moment ago, 只表示过去时间，只与过去时连用。
2. 一些终止性动词不能用完成时态的肯定句与延续多久的时间状语连用，要用表状态的动词或用动词+介词短语或+形容词的完成式，还可以用it is+多少时间+since的句型。
3. since自从……以来 conj + 从句 prep + 表示“时间点”的名词。for prep.+ 多少时间，表示一段时间。
He has been studying since 3 o'clock/ since 3 hours ago/ since he came. He's been here for five hours.
4. in the past/last+多少时间，表示最近一段时间，用完成时，不用过去时。
5. have been去过某地（不在去过地）have gone到某地去了（不在说话地方）。一，二人称不能用have gone。 6. 在美语中have/ has got = have/ has。
7. hardly...when..., no sooner...than... 引导倒装句，常与过去完成时连用。
8. hope, intend, mean, plan, think, want常用过去完成时表示过去的意图而实际没有实现的情况
C. 初中英语语法总结
对付英语考试,无论大学还是初中还是词汇量的问题!大学生较之与初版中生在英语方面的优势权还是词汇量!词汇才是理解的基础,至于初中语法我建议不要过多深究!话说回来,初中语法就句子而言和中文差不多.在短时间提高英语考分,没有别的出路,就是记单词,有多少记多少!当然做习题也很重要!尤其是阅读理解,关于听力,只有多听,没其他办法,作文可以背几篇应急,有时候耍点小聪明,抄阅读理解中的句子,但不能全抄,全抄很可能不及格!做事要做的干净,不流痕迹!
D. 初中英语语法总结
语法项目 构 成 用 法 象 征 词 规则变化 不规则变化 例 句
一般现在时 动词用原形
三人称单数-s / es 表示经常性的
动作或状态 Every often always on 天 in月、季、节、年。 一般-s –es 辅音＋y---ies have----has
He goes to school every day.
I often have lunch at home.
一般过去时 动词用过去时
Be—was/ were 表过去某个、段时间内动作及状态 ago/just now /In1998 last/yesterday 等 一般/去e 双写/辅＋y结尾－ied go-went come-came
do-did leave-left等 He wrote a letter yesterday.
I studied hard last year.
一般将来时 be going to＋V原
will / shall + V原 在将来某个时间或
某段时要做的事 tomorrow / after
next / tonight in 2010
Go come leave stay
fly等用进行表将来 Are you going to read ?
He is coming tomorrow .
现在进行时 be＋doing 表此时此刻正进行的动作或状态 listen look now
all the time Don’t… 一般去e 双写
+ing tie die lie –
变ie为y加ing Tom is writing now .
They are lying on the bed .
现在完成时
现在完成进行 have / has +PP
have/has been+doing 发生在过去影响在现在的动作或状态等 含糊的频率副词 already just never ever 分词规则的同过去式是一样的 不规则的动词的过去分词需逐个记忆 I have been teaching for 8 years.
He has slept for two days.
.过去进行时 was / were +doing
多用于复合句中 表在过去某时间正在进行的动作 at this time yesterday
last Sunday evening 一般去e 双写
+ing tie die lie –
变ie为y加ing He was reading at that time
last Friday
过去完成时 had+动过去分词
多用于复合句中 该动作发生在过去的过去 by the time＋过去时
when after before 规则的分词构成与过去时一样的 需要逐个记忆
详见不规则动词表 We had learnt 2000 words
by the end of last year.
过去将来时 would + V 原形
多用宾语从句中 过去看来将要发生的动作或状态 He said that he… the next day . He said that he would come here the next day .
比较级形式
形容副词名词 后--er 前加more
名词比较用more 表示两个人、物
之间进行比较时 than /much/ a little
far / in the two 等 一般/去e 双写/辅＋y结尾－ier good/well —better
much/many—more She is the tall in the two.
He runs faster than Tom .
最高级形式
形容副词名词 后-est 前加most
名词比较用most 大于等于三个人、物之间进行比较 in the ＋比较范围
of the 具体的数字 一般/去e 双写/辅＋y结尾－iest bad/ill/badly-worst
far-farther-farthest She is the most beautiful
in her class.(最高级加the)
动词不定式
to do没有人称和数的变化 作主语
To read is helpful for anybody now . 作宾语
He wants to buy a dictionary. 作宾补
I hear him sing yesterday
Tom told me to open it. 作表语
His job is to take care of children . 作状语
He’ll go to see a doctor tomorrow . 作定语
He has much homework
to do every day .
主从复合句 状语从句
句子作状语 （时间地点原因条件让步比较）
He was writing a letter when I came in。 宾语从句
句子作宾语（语序、时态、引导词、客观事实）
He asked me if I had been to Beijing before. 定语从句
句子作定语（修饰名词或代词的句子、注意先行词）
I saw the man who was stealing my bike yesterday
主动结构
与
被动结构
主动语态：主语（人、物）+ 谓语 + 宾语
动作执行者 + 及物动词 + 动作承受者
被动语态：主语（人、物）+be PP + by宾语
动作承受者 + be PP + by动作执行者
在被动语态中没有可以省to 的不定式 We speak English .
主语 谓语 宾语
English is spoken by us
宾改主 谓语动词 be PP 主by 宾 主动变被动，先找主、谓、宾，宾改主、主by宾，代词变格要细心，谓语动词be pp,时态随主、数随被
PP 是及物动词的过去分词加ed 或不规则详见表
被动句的时态（be）随主动句的时态（do）人称和数应随被动句的主语(am、is、are、was、were等 )