『壹』 与英语相比，现代汉语的语法特点有哪些
中文可以不要主语也是一句话，可英语不行
英语永远要把时间，地点放在句子的最后说，汉语就不需要
『贰』 商务函电英语的语法特点
很多哦，注意眼睛！
一. 商业书信常用开头语 Opening Phrases & Sentences Generally Used In Business Letters
（1）特此奉告等
To inform one of; To say; To state; To communicate; To advise one of; To bring to one's notice (knowledge); To lay before one; To point out; To indicate; To mention; To apprise one of; To announce; To remark; To call one's attention to; To remind one of; etc.
1. We are pleased to inform you that
2. We have pleasure in informing you that
3. We have the pleasure to apprise you of
4. We have the honour to inform you that (of)
5. We take the liberty of announcing to you that
6. We have to inform you that (of)
7. We have to advise you of (that)
8. We wish to inform you that (of)
9. We think it advisable to inform you that (of)
10. We are pleased to have this opportunity of reminding you that (of)
11. We take the advantage of this opportunity to bring before your notice
12. Please allow us to call your attention to
13. Permit us to remind you that (of)
14. May we ask your attention to
15. We feel it our ty to inform you that (of)
（2）为(目的)奉告某某事项
1. The purpose of this letter is to inform you that (of)
2. The purport of this line is to advise you that (of)
3. The object of the present is to report you that
4. The object of this letter is to tell you that
5. By this letter we Purpose to inform you that (of)
6. Through the present we wish to intimate to you that
7. The present serves to acquaint you that
（3）惠请告知某某事项，等
1. Please inform me that (of)
2. Kindly inform me that (of)
3. Be good enough to inform me that (of)
4. Be so good as to inform me that (of)
5. Have the goodness to inform me that (of)
6. Oblige me by informing that (of)
7. I should be obliged if you would inform me that (of)
8. I should be glad if you would inform me that (of)
9. I should esteem it a favour if you would inform me that (of)
10. I will thank you to inform me that (of)
11. You will greatly oblige me by informing that (of)
12. We shall be obliged if you will inform us that (of)
13. We shall be pleased to have your information regarding (on, as to; about)
14. We shall deem it a favour if you will advise us of
15. We shall esteem it a high favour if you will inform us that (of)
（4）特确认，本公司某月某日函件等
1. We confirm our respects of the l0th May
2. We confirm our letter of the l0th of this month
3. We confirm our last letter of the l0th June
4. We had the pleasure of writing you last on the l0th of this month
5. We confirm our respects of the l0th June
6. We confirm the remarks made in our respects of the l0th July
7. We confirm the particulars of our enquiry by telephone of this morning
8. In confirming our telegram of this morning, --
9. Confirming our respects of the 10th May,---
10. Confirming our last of the 10th June,---
（5）贵公司某月某日函电，敬悉等
l. We have pleasure in acknowledging receipt of your esteemed favour of the 3rd May
2. We are pleased to acknowledge receipt of your favour of the lst June
3. We have to acknowhedge receipt of your favour of the 5th July
4. Your letter of May 5 was very welcome
5. Your letter of April l0 gave me much pleasure
6. Your esteemed favour of 7th May was ly received by us
7. Your favour of the 5th June is ly to hand
8. Your favour of the l0th is to (at) hand
9. We are in e receipt of your favour dated the 7th June
10. We are in receipt of your letter of the 7th July
11. We are in possession of your letter of the 5th April
12. We have ly received your favour of the 5th March
13. Your letter of yesterday's date is ly to (at) hand
14. Your esteemed communication of yesterday's date is just to (at) hand
15. We thank you for your favour of the 5th May
16. We are obliged for your letter of the 5th May
17. Many thanks for your latter of the 5th June
18. Very many thanks for your letter of May 5
19. In acknowledging receipt of your letter of the 5th June, ...
20. Your favour of the 5th May has just reached me
21. Your favour of the 5th May is ly received
22. Your favour of the 5th May is now before me
23. Your promised letter under date (of) the 5th June has just reached us
（6）特回答贵公司某月某日函所叙述有关事项等
1. I have the pleasure of stating, in answer to your inquiry of the 4th inst, that
2. In reply to your letter of the 5th of May, I have to inform you that (of)
3. I hasten to answer your inquiry of the l5th May, by stating that
4. We are in receipt of yours of the 5th June, in reply to which we are pleased to state that
5. In reply to yours of the l0th May, relative to..., I would say that
6. I am in receipt of your favour of the 7th May, and in response I inform you that (of)
7. In response to your letter of l0th May, I wish to say that
8. In answer to your favour of the 5th May regarding... I reply as follows:
9. Answering your letter of the 8th of February re..., I would say that
10. In reply to your letter of February 8th, I inform you that (of)
11. Replying to yours of the 8th of February regarding..., I would say that
12. Replying to your favour under date of February 8th re..., I say that
（7）非常遗憾，我们奉告您关于，等。
l. We regret to inform you that (of)
2. We are sorry to have to draw your attention to
3. We regret to have to say that
4. We regret to advise you that
5. We very much regret to announce you that
6. It is most regrettable that we have to inform you that (of)
7. It is with our greatest regret that we must inform you that (of)
8. To our greatest regret we must herewith inform you that (of)
9. It is a matter for regret that I have to inform you that (of)
10. It is to be regretted that I must inform you that (of)
11. It is with regret and reluctance that we have to inform you that (of)
12. It gives us a deep sorrow that we have to announce you that
13. It causes me much sorrow to have to say that
14. I feel sorry for having to announce you that
15. I express my sorrow for announcing you that
（8）当我们得悉……甚为遗憾等。
1. We are very sorry to hear (know) that
2. we are grieved to hear of (about)
3. We are indeed sorry to hear that
4' We very much regret to hear that
5. We regret to hear of (that)
6. It is with great regret that we just learn that
7. Much to our regret we have heard that
8. We regret to receive your information re
9. We regret that we have been informed that (of)
10. To our deep regret we were informed that (of)
（9）我们对于您某月某日来函的询价，深表谢意等。
1. We thank you very much for your inquiry of the l0th of May
2. I thank you for your inquiry of the 10th May
3. We are very much obliged by your enquiry dated the 10th May
4. We are indebted to your inquiry under date (of) the 10th May for
5. I thank you for your inquiry of July 10
6. Thanks for your kind enquiry of May 5
（10）兹函附某某，请查收，等。
1. Enclosed please find
2. Enclosed we hand you
3. We enclose herewith
4. Herewith we have the pleasure to hand you
5. We have pleasure in enclosing herewith
6. We take the liberty to enclose herein
7. We are pleased to enclose herewith
8. We are pleased to hand you enclosed
（11）遵照某月某日来函指示，等。
1. In accordance with the instructions given (contained) in your favour of the 10th May
2. According to the directions contained in yours of the 6th May
3. According to the instructions given in your letter under date of the 10th of last month
4. In conformity with (to) your instructions of the l0th ult.
5. Pursuant to your instructions of May 10
（12）关于详情，下次叙述，等。
1. I will write you particulars in my next.
2. Particulars will be related in the following.
3. I will relate further details in the following.
4. I will inform you more fully in my next.
5. I will go (enter) into further details in my next.
（13）如下列所记，如附件所述，等。
1. As stated below,
2. Annexed hereto,
3. Attached you will find...
4. As shown on the next page
5. As indicated overleaf（下页，背面）
6. As at foot hereof,
7. Sent with this,
8. As the drawings attached,
9. As shown in the enclosed documents,
10. As already mentioned,
11. As particularized on the attached sheet,
12. As detailed in the previous letter,
（14）因电文不太明确……，等。
1. Your telegram just received is quite unintelligible.
2. Please repeat your wire on receipt of this, stating your meaning more clearly.
3. Your telegram is not clear; explain the third and fourth words.
4. Your telegram is unintelligible; repeat more fully in plain language.
5. Your cable is not clear, repeat, using the codes agreed upon (on).
6. We cannot understand your telegram; state the code used and which edition.
7. Your telegram is not signed with cipher as agreed on; confirm if correct.
8. We cannot trace the code you used; please repeat the telegram in plain words.
9. Your telegram is too short to be understood. Please repeat it more fully.
l0. The telegram was vague (pointless), and they requested them to explain in plain words.
二. 商业英文书信常用结束语Closing Phrases & Sentences Generally Used in Business Letters
（1）我们盼望于近日内接获回信，等。
1. We hope to receive your favour at an early date.
2. We hope to be favoured with a reply with the least delay.
3. We await a good news with patience.
4. We hope to receive a favourable reply per return mail.
5. We await the pleasure of receiving a favourable reply at an early date.
6. We await the favour of your early (prompt) reply.
7. A prompt reply would greatly oblige us.
8. We trust you will favour us with an early (prompt) reply.
9. We trust that you will reply us immediately.
10. We should be obliged by your early (prompt) reply.
11. Will your please reply without delay what your wishes are in this matter?
12. Will you kindly inform us immediately what you wish us to do.
13. We request you to inform us of your decision by return of post.
14. We are awaiting (anxious to receive) your early reply.
15. We thank you for the anticipated favour of your early reply.
16. We should appreciate an early reply.
17. We thank you in anticipation of your usual courteous prompt attention.
18. We thank you now for the courtesy of your early attention.
19. We hope to receive your reply with the least possible delay.
20. Kindly reply at your earliest convenience.
21. Please send your reply by the earliest delivery.
22. Please send your reply by messenger.
23. Please reply immediately.
24. Please favour us with your reply as early as possible.
25. Please write to us by tonight's mail, without fail.
26. May we remind you that we are still awaiting your early reply.
27. May we request the favour of your early reply?
28. A prompt reply would help us greatly.
29. A prompt reply will greatly oblige us.
30. Your prompt reply would be greatly appreciated.
31. Your prompt attention to this matter would be greatly esteemed.
32. We look forward to receiving your early reply.
33. We thank you now for this anticipated courtesy.
34. As the matter is urgent, an early reply will oblige.
35. We reply on receiving your reply by return of post.
『叁』 这个英语语法特点怎么分析
like 介词短语构成状语 像什么一样
后面用了两个定语从句修饰前面的先行词those.
句子主干是：only those will find theirendeavours successful。
『肆』 什么是英语的语法特征
答：与汉语相比，英语是拼音文字，构成其单词的其本单位字母按一定的规则成线性排列。
原来你问的是英语语法特征，这个题目太大，做论文都嫌大！
『伍』 从类型学看汉语与英语的语法特点有什么区别
1 首先说时态 中文是用副词以及虚词来说明的，但是英语是用结构的
比如版i have had my coat cleaned 中文 我洗好了权我的大衣
不管是你在洗还是洗好了，你用的都是洗，而用“了”来表示动作已经完成，而英语显然不是这样的
2 其次，词性与在句中充当的成分
比如 中文的“发展”可以当动词，可以在中文中当主语，当谓语
但是develop只能在句中当动词使用 也就是基本英文里你是什么词性和句中成分基本一一对应的，但是中文不是
个人认为这两个是最大的区别，别的语序之类的都还好。语序其实就牵扯到de 's这种，一个是从前往后，一个是从后往前。
『陆』 同英语相比，现代汉语语法的特点
英语是世界上所有语言中影响最大、研究最深入的，也是许多中国人从小就接触和学习的第二语言。我们对英语语法特点的熟悉掌握不亚于汉语。这两种语言的语法特点存在着明显的差别。我们可以通过对他们的几个方面的具体比较来分析汉语的语法特点，一方面印证前人的成果，另一方面加深我们对汉语语法特点的理解。 缺少严格意义上的形态变化是汉语语法不可争辩的事实。这在英汉对比中表现最为突出。（一）英语的名词有单复数的用法，例如：shop—shops，house—houses，city-cities③，而汉语没有；（二）英语中名词的主格、宾格、所有格有特定的形式来表示，例如：I、me、my/he、him、his/Tom’s④,而汉语名词主格、宾格完全一样，所有格式最后面加“的”，没有明显的形式上的变化；（三）英语中用特地的形式来表示性、数一致，例如：We help him./She helps him.⑤而汉语不区别性、数；（四)英语用不同动词形式表示不同的时态。例如:I will go out./I went out just now.⑥汉语动词没有这种形势变化；(五)英语的比较级、最高级用给形容词加-er，est来构成，汉语采用介词、程度副词来构成，形容词没有形式上的变化。这种汉语没有，英语有的形式变化很有很多，这里不一一举例。当然，我们常常把汉语中的“重叠”，“老、小、子、儿”等视为前后缀，把助词“着、了、过”以及表复数的“们”看作是汉语的广义形态那样具有强制性，所以我们说汉语“缺乏严格意义上的形态变化”。 正因为汉语没有严格意义上的形态变化，要表达特定的语法意义，主要依靠次序和虚词。我们可以通过英汉实例比较来看汉语这一语法特点。（一）例如：“她很不好。”“她不很好。⑦”“不”的位置不同，表达的意思就不一样，而在英语中由于有丰富的形态变化，可以不依靠词序表达语法意义，例如：Standing at the top of the hill，we can see the whole city./We cansee the whole city，standing at the top of the hill.⑧尽管词序不同，两句表达的意思完全一样。(二)虚词是汉语表示语法关系的重要手段，所用虚词不同，语法关系自然不同，在“我吃着香蕉”，“我吃了香蕉”中，“着”表示动作正在进行，“了”表示动作已经完成，由于虚词“着”与“了”的不同，语法意义也不相同。英语表达不同的语法关系和语法意义主要依靠形态变化，我们可将上述两个句子译成英语“I am eating the banana.”“Ihave eaten the banana.”⑨，两种不同的语法意义是由动词的不同形态表示出来的。 汉语的量词十分丰富，有数词修饰名词的时候，中间必须有量词，组成数量短语，修饰或限定名词。此外，汉语有语气词，用在句子末尾表示种种语气。这两个语法特点都是汉语有而英语没有的。汉语中不同的名词所用的量词也往往不同，例如：“一个人”、“一头牛”、“一支笔”、“一片叶子”、“一本书”⑩，除了这些，根据名词的不同还有很多不同的搭配，而且现代汉语除了传统的量词之外，还可以随时借用动词、名词做量词，例如：“一丝白发”、“一抹阳光”、“几缕情思”、“一线希望”⑾等。但是这些量词只是动词、名词的活用，在英语中也存在这种活用现象，例如：a glass of water,four cups of tea，⑿因此我们不能把临时的活用看作是真正的量词，英语没有量词，表示数量时考的是词形的变化，例如：a pen，two pens.⒀汉语的数量短语也常常跟在动词后面作补语，表示动作行为的单位，例如：“走一趟”，“吃一顿”，英语没有这种语法特点。语气词也是汉语独有的，表示陈述语气的有“的”“了”，表示疑问语气的有“吗”“呢”，表示祈使语气的有“吧”，表示感叹语气的有“啊”，例如：“你出去玩了吗？”“多美啊！”“他呢？”“你跟我来吧！”“知道
了！”⒁英语没有这些语气词，他表示语气靠的是语调，所以许多来自英语国家的外国人在学习汉语的时候常常被语气词搞得不知所措，不知道到底怎么用，要么用错，要么忘记用。 英语的词类和句法成分之间对应很整齐，名词作主语、宾语，动词作谓语，形容词作定语，副词作状语，每一类词都必须出现在自己该出现的位置上，不能够随便越位去充当其他句法成分，要想充当其他句法成分，必须通过构词法手段，改变自身的形态，使自己具有某类词的性质，例如：He reads a book./the reading room.⒂“read”是一个动词，当它作定语时，它必须加-ing，变成另外一种形式。汉语则不然，它的某一类词往往可以作多种句法成分，词形和词性不发生变化，例如：“她穿了一件漂亮的裙子。”'人人喜欢漂亮。”“漂亮是每个女孩子追求的目标。⒃”“漂亮”是一个形容词，但它却既能做定语，又能作宾语，还能作主语，词形不变，它具有多种功能。可见汉语词类和句法成分之间不存在简单的一一对应关系。 汉语句子的构造原则跟词组的构造原则基本上是一致的，词组成词组，词和词组组成句子，都有诸位、动宾、补充、偏正、联合五种基本语法结构关系，例如词组“阳光灿烂”和句子“我爱大自然”都是主谓结构。词组加上表示语气的标点就可以构成一个句子。而且汉语词的构造也遵循这一基本原则，例如词“心酸”也是主谓结构。英语句子的谓语部分必须由限定式动词充当，包孕在句子中的子句也可以像独立的句子一样由限定式的动词作谓语，但词组则不用限定式动词，即句子和子句的构造原则不同于词组的构造原则。例如：Arriving at the construction site，the workers set down to work at once./Surrounded by a group of boys，the teacher walked into theclassroom.⒄我们可以清楚地看到这两个句子前半部分的词组构造原则不同于后半部分句子的构造原则。特别值得提及的一点是，主谓结构可以做谓语是汉语语法一个明显的特点，英语中没有这种可能，主谓结构只能是句子，显然这源于英语词组、句子构造原则的不一致。 通过英汉对比，我们清楚地看到了他们几个方面的明显差别，也加深了对汉语语法特点的认识。目前，汉语语法的研究更加深入，理论、方法呈现多元化，研究的领域也不断得到扩展。汉语的语法特点构成了一个五彩缤纷、琳琅满目的世界，有待我们进一步探索，开掘出更多的“宝藏”。
『柒』 英语中可数名词与不可数名词的区别及语法特点是什么
可数名词来和不可数名词在很自多方面都不同。
顾名思义，可数名词后面可以加s,变为复数；而不可数名词只有一种形式。
可数n前可以加a,an, many等；不可数名词前不能加a,an,和many
可数名词做主语谓语也要用复数；不可数n做主语谓语用单数。
如：A lot of friends come.
A lot of money was stolen.
上例中a lot of即可跟可数n也可跟不可数n,还有some, plenty of也如此
『捌』 英语中可数名词与不可数名词的区别及语法特点是什么
可数名词和不可数名词在很多方面都不同.
顾名思义,可数名词后面可以加s,变为内复数；而不可数名词只有一容种形式.
可数n前可以加a,an,many等；不可数名词前不能加a,an,和many
可数名词做主语谓语也要用复数；不可数n做主语谓语用单数.
如：A lot of friends come.
A lot of money was stolen.
上例中a lot of即可跟可数n也可跟不可数n,还有some,plenty of也如此