1. 初中有关定语从句的语法
初中定语从句详解。 定语从句是一种形容词的关系从句。它由关系代词或关系副词引导（1）。初中英语中的定语从句仅限于限制性定于从句，但对初中生来说，定语从句既是一个重点，也是一个难点。【关键词】定语从句 先行词 关系代词 关系副词
一、英语中的定语从句与汉语中的定语位置不同。
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。英语中的定语从句始终要放在被修饰的词之后，而汉语中的定语则放在被修饰词之前。如：
The man who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday is my English teacher.
先行词 定语从句
昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。
二、英语从句中的句型结构比较复杂，有先行词、关系代词或关系副词。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词或关系副词。限制性关系分句和它的先行项的所指意义有着不可分割的联系（2）。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中要充当一个成分。关系代词在句中可作主语、宾语或定语，关系副词在句中作状语。如：
I am waiting for the boy who /that is wearing a red coat. （主语）
先行词 关系代词
我正在等穿着红色外套的那个男孩。
The dictionary that / which my sister gave me last Sunday is very expensive.(宾语)
先行词 关系代词
我姐姐上周星期天给我的那本字典很贵。
The woman is his mother whose name is Linda Brown. (定语)
先行词 关系代词
那个是他的母亲，名叫琳达
2. 初中英语从句知识点总结
从句
1、主语从句
引导词有：that，what，whether，when，wherever，who 等，主语从句的谓语动词必须用单数。
举例：
1) That he will fall the exam is certain.
2) What she said is true.
3) It doesn't matter when she leaves.
4) Whoever is tired may rest.
2、表语从句
一般位于系动词之后。
举例：
The question is that I also like her.
3、宾语从句
句型：主句 + 连词 + 宾语从句
连接宾语从句的词有：that，if，whether，who，whose，what，which，where，when，why，how，whoever，whomever，whenever，wherever 等》
举例：
1) He said that he was the first to clamb to the top of the mountain.
2) I wonder if / whether you could lend me tour bike.
3) Parents shouldn't give their children whatever they want.
4) She doesn't know who will come.
5) He asked if / whether she had an apartment in the city.
6) Who do you think they will travel with?
4、状语从句
（1）时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的连词有：when，whenever，as，while，before，after，until，till，since，ever，as soon asimmediately，directly，hardly，hardly ... when 等。
举例：
1) When I was in Shanghai, I met her.
2) Please wait until you are called.
（2）地点状语从句
常由 where 何 wherever 引导。
举例：
He lives where the street crosses the river.
（3）原因状语从句
常由 as，because，since，now that，seeing that 等引导，其中语气最强烈的就是 because。
举例：
He has to leave off because he is seriously ill.
（4）条件状语从句
常由 if，unless，as long as，so long as 等引导。
举例：
If you can correct your faults, your work is good.
（5）目的状语从句
常由 so that，in order to 等引导。
举例：
Speak loudly so that every one may hear you clearly.
（6）比较状语从句
常由 than，as，as ... as 等引导。
举例：
I have got as much money as I need.
（7）让步状语从句
常由 though / although，even though，as，if，even if 和 wh- + -ever 复合词引导。
举例：
Although I tried my best to learn English, I haven't passed the exam.
（8）方式状语从句
常由 as，as if，as though，how 等引导。
举例：
She looks as if she is still young.
（9）结果状语从句
常由 that，so / such that 等引导。
举例：
She is such a good teacher that all the students love and respect her.
5、定语从句
结构：
...... 先行词（被修饰的名词或代词） + 关系代词 / 关系副词 + ......
一般来说，修饰人用 who，whom，whose，that；修饰物用 that / which。
举例：
1) The road which through our school is very wide.
2) This is the school where my brother studies
3) Is there anything that you don't understand?.
3. 初中英语定语从句讲解
定语从句即用句子来做定语，被修饰或被限制的词称作先行词，例如版
1.I don't know the girl who is talking there.
2.I don't know the girl who you met just now.
3.Give me the book that you read just now.
4.Give me the book ,which you read just now.
5.Give me the pen that you write with.
6.Give me the pen with which you write .
仔细看句子中的book 和pen就是先权行词，他们后面的who that which 就是引导定语从句的关系代词，当先行词是人用who,先行词是物用that,先行词后出现介词或逗号用which.
这是一种捷径，细节问题找本语法书慢慢学。
4. 初中英语语法知识总结：从句
一 名词性从句:
1. 主要包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句. 一般由that 引起,也可由who, what, when, why, which, whom, whether, how 引起.
2. 主语从句很多情况下都可以放到句子后面,而用代词it作形式上的主语. :
3. 形式宾语
4. 由名词性关系代词whatever, whoever, whichever 等引起的宾语从句
5. whether and if 都能引导从句, 但用法有所不同. 当主语从句直接位于句首时,应用whether,而不用if. Whether 后能直接or not, 但if 不能.
Whether he will come or not is not known.
6. 在名词reason后的表语从句必须用that引导, 不可误用 because.
The reason why he is often late for class is that he has the bad habit of getting up late in the morning.
二: 定语从句
1. 引导定语从句的关系词有who, whom, whose, that, when, where, why and which. 在非限制定语从句中, 只可用which, who, whose, where , when., 如果指代前面整个句子, 多用which.
2. 当引导定语从句的先行词前有all, any, no, little, much, very first 等词, 或先行词前为形容词最高级所修饰时,或先行词为all, anything, nothing, something, everything 时,从句的引导词只能用that.
3. as 可做引导词引导定语从句, 多和such, the same 连用. As 引导的定语从句也可修饰整个句子, 既可放在先行词后,也可放在句子开头.
4. 介词+which/whom/whose从句
5. 代/名+介词+which 从句
6. 同位语从句和定语从句
三 状语从句:
修饰主句中的动词, 形容词和副词, 通常有从属连词引导, 按其意义和作用可分为时间, 地点, 条件, 原因, 让步, 目的, 结果, 方式, 比较.等
1. 时间状语从句:
1) 常见连词有 after, as, before, once, since, till, (not)until, when, whenever(no matter when), while, as long as, as soon as etc.
2) no sooner…than, hardly(scarcely, barely)…when: 刚做…就….
3) 还有 immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, the second, every time etc
2. 地点状语从句: 一般用where or wherever 引导
3. 条件状语从句:真实条件从句:if, unless, so long as, provided that, supposing that, on condition that, in the event that, in case that etc
4. 原因状语从句: 从属连词有because, as ,since, for, now, that, in that, seeing that, considering that(鉴于,由于)
5. 让步状语从句:
1): even if, though, even though, while(尽管) no matter what/how/which, however, whatever, whichever, however etc.
2) 由as 引起的让步从句, 语气较强烈,被强调的词须放在句首.
3) whether…or,不管…或…
6. 结果状语从句: so that, so…that, such…that
7. 目的状语从句: so that, in order that, for fear that, lest, in case
8. 方式状语从句: as, just as, as if: 如同…一样
9. 比较状语从句:
1) as…as, not so/as…as
2) 比较级+than, so much/a lot more than
3) no more…than, not more…than, less…than
4) the more…the more
5. 求初中英语定语从句的必备知识点
1）who: 当先行项指人时，在定语从句中作主语。
eg: The student who answered the question was John.
The man who was here yesterday is a artist.
2）whom: 当先行项指人时，在定语从句中作宾语。
eg: The man whom I saw is called Smith.
The professor whom you wish to see has come.
3）which: 当先行项指物时，在定语从句中作主语、宾语。
eg: This is the book which has been translated into many languages.（主语）
He doesn’t know the rule which everybody knows.（宾语）
4）that: 当先行项指人、物时，在定语从句中作主语、宾语。
eg: The building that stands over there is a hospital.
The letter that I received form him yesterday is very important.
Is he the man that sells eggs?
He is the man that we are looking for.
注：先行项指物时，只用that的情况
① 先行项有形容词最高级修饰
eg: It is the largest map that I’ve ever seen.
This is the most interesting book I’ve ever read.
② 先行项有序数词修饰
eg: It’s the first book that won the prize.
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
③ 先行项有the only, the very, the same修饰
eg: This is the very computer that I want.
He is the only one among us that knows Spanish.
That’s the same man that asked for help the day before yesterday.
④ 先行项有不定代词修饰
eg: All the apples that fell down were picked up.
⑤ 先行项本身为不定代词
eg: All that glitters is not gold.
There is nothing that can prevent him form doing it.
This reference book contains much/ little that is useful.
⑥ 先行项为既指人又指物的并列名词短语
eg: The boy and the book that the police are looking for disappeared.
He talked of the man and the book that interested him.
Look at the girl and the dog that are crossing the street.
注：先行项指人时，只用that的情况
① 先行项有形容词最高级修饰
eg: Newton was one of the greatest men that ever lived.
He was the cleverest man that ever taught in our school.
② 先行项有序数词修饰
eg: He was the first Japanese that won the Nobel Prize.
③ 先行项有the only, the very, the same修饰
eg: He is the only one among us that knows Spanish.
④ 先行项有all, any等限定词修饰
eg: Any students that want to get the ticket may come in.
5）当先行项为整个上文时，用which不用that
eg: I have known men far more able than Bowles, but not half so interesting
whichis quite a different thing.
6）介词前置只用which 不用that
eg: This is the hotel at which I stayed ring my holiday.
7）关系代词whose作定语，表示定语从句的主语与先行词之间的所属关系，可用of which 替
换，词序一般是“名词 + of which”，也可以是“of which + 名词”。
eg: He’s written a book the name of which (= whose name) I’ve completely
forgotten.
This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world.
2. 关系副词（在定语从句中作状语）：when, where, why…
1）when: 时间状语
eg: He came last night when I was out.
2）where: 地点状语
eg: That is the place where he once lived.
3）why: 原因状语（why只有限定用法，而非限定用法则用for which reason）
eg: He refused to disclose the reason why he did it.
The reason why I was late is that there was a traffic jam on my way he
6. 初中英语语法
7. 初中英语所有学到的从句总结
一楼的等于没说！补充点：初中英语语法总结
( 动词的时态) 11.1 一般现在时的用法 1） 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如： I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如： The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 3） 表示格言或警句。例如： Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。 4） 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如： I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。 比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。 I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。 第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。 11.2 一般过去时的用法 1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如： Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？ 2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如： When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。 Whenever the Browns went ring their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。 3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"。例如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。 It is time that sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了" ，例如It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。 would （had） rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。 4） wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。例如：I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。 比较：Christine was an invalid all her life.（含义：她已不在人间。） Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含义：她现在还活着） Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。） Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去） 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如： Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗？ I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。 2）情态动词 could, would。例如： Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借用一些吗？ 11.3 used to / be used to used to + do："过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。例如： Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。 Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。 be used to + doing：对……已感到习惯，或"习惯于"，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。例如： He is used to a vegetarian diet. Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。 典型例题 ---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it. ---- It's 69568442. A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't 答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。 11.4 一般将来时 1） shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如： Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？ Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？ 2） be going to +不定式，表示将来。 a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？ b. 计划，安排要发生的事。例如：The play is going to be proced next month。这出戏下月开播。 c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。 3） be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如： We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。 4） be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。例如： He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。 注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 11.5 be going to / will 用于条件句时，be going to表将来,will表意愿。例如： If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible. Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror. 11.6 be to和be going to be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如： I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。（客观安排） I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。（主观安排） 11.7 一般现在时表将来 1）下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如： The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开.
8. 初中英语语法重点有哪些
主要是宾语从句和状语从句,如果说考的稍微难一些的话就是定语从句以及名词性从句,一般考的话后两者的难度不会很大.
宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语,从句放在主句之后,前后不用逗号分开.
宾语从句：
引导宾语从句的词有：
连词that(在口语中that常可省略),if,whether,如：
He knows that Jim will work hard.
连接代词who,whom,which等,如：
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?
连接副词when,where,how,why等,如：Could you tell me how we can get to the station?
3.whether和if都有“是否”的意思,一般情况下两者可以换用,但在介词之后,
不定式之前,与or not连用,在句首或在引导表语从句,同位语从句时,只能用whether,如：I want to know if/whether the news is true.He doesn't know whether to stay or not?
4.宾语从句要用陈述句语序.
5.宾语从句一定要注意时态呼应,即：当主句谓语动词是过去式时,从句中谓语动
词也要用过去范畴的时态,但若从句陈述的是真理或客观规律,其谓语的时态仍用一般现在时,如：
He asked who could answer the question.
My father told me that the earth goes around the sun.
9. 初中英语从句知识点总结
从句
1、主语从句
引导词有：that，what，whether，when，wherever，who
等，主语从句的谓语动词必须用单数。
举例：
1)
That
he
will
fall
the
exam
is
certain.
2)
What
she
said
is
true.
3)
It
doesn't
matter
when
she
leaves.
4)
Whoever
is
tired
may
rest.
2、表语从句
一般位于系动词之后。
举例：
The
question
is
that
I
also
like
her.
3、宾语从句
句型：主句
+
连词
+
宾语从句
连接宾语从句的词有：that，if，whether，who，whose，what，which，where，when，why，how，whoever，whomever，whenever，wherever
等》
举例：
1)
He
said
that
he
was
the
first
to
clamb
to
the
top
of
the
mountain.
2)
I
wonder
if
/
whether
you
could
lend
me
tour
bike.
3)
Parents
shouldn't
give
their
children
whatever
they
want.
4)
She
doesn't
know
who
will
come.
5)
He
asked
if
/
whether
she
had
an
apartment
in
the
city.
6)
Who
do
you
think
they
will
travel
with?
4、状语从句
（1）时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的连词有：when，whenever，as，while，before，after，until，till，since，ever，as
soon
asimmediately，directly，hardly，hardly
...
when
等。
举例：
1)
When
I
was
in
Shanghai,
I
met
her.
2)
Please
wait
until
you
are
called.
（2）地点状语从句
常由
where
何
wherever
引导。
举例：
He
lives
where
the
street
crosses
the
river.
（3）原因状语从句
常由
as，because，since，now
that，seeing
that
等引导，其中语气最强烈的就是
because。
举例：
He
has
to
leave
off
because
he
is
seriously
ill.
（4）条件状语从句
常由
if，unless，as
long
as，so
long
as
等引导。
举例：
If
you
can
correct
your
faults,
your
work
is
good.
（5）目的状语从句
常由
so
that，in
order
to
等引导。
举例：
Speak
loudly
so
that
every
one
may
hear
you
clearly.
（6）比较状语从句
常由
than，as，as
...
as
等引导。
举例：
I
have
got
as
much
money
as
I
need.
（7）让步状语从句
常由
though
/
although，even
though，as，if，even
if
和
wh-
+
-ever
复合词引导。
举例：
Although
I
tried
my
best
to
learn
English,
I
haven't
passed
the
exam.
（8）方式状语从句
常由
as，as
if，as
though，how
等引导。
举例：
She
looks
as
if
she
is
still
young.
（9）结果状语从句
常由
that，so
/
such
that
等引导。
举例：
She
is
such
a
good
teacher
that
all
the
students
love
and
respect
her.
5、定语从句
结构：
......
先行词（被修饰的名词或代词）
+
关系代词
/
关系副词
+
......
一般来说，修饰人用
who，whom，whose，that；修饰物用
that
/
which。
举例：
1)
The
road
which
through
our
school
is
very
wide.
2)
This
is
the
school
where
my
brother
studies
3)
Is
there
anything
that
you
don't
understand?.