㈠ 八年级上册英语语法聚焦第三单元的翻译
汤姆比萨姆更来聪明吗源?不,他不是。萨姆比汤姆更聪明。
塔拉比蒂娜更外向吗?不,她不是。蒂娜比塔拉更外向。
你和你姐姐一样友好吗?不,我不是。我更友好。
塔拉学习和蒂娜一样努力吗?是的,她是。
在学校里,谁学习更努力?蒂娜认为她比我学习更努力。
㈡ 初中八年级英语所有语法
现在完成时
1.构成
现在完成时是由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词,说明句子的意义。
2.用法
(1)表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间,但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just, already, yet 等副词修饰。常与非延续性动词连用。 如:
-Have you had lunch yet? -Yes, I have. I've just had it. 你(已经)吃午饭了吗? 我刚刚吃过。(现在我不饿了)
(2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止,可能仍然在进行。常用延续性动词,常带有for和since(自从)等表示一段时间的状语。
如:He has taught here since 1981. 他自1981年就在这儿教书。(可能还要继续教)
I haven't seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。
(3)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经验,一般译为汉语“过”,常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。
如: I have been to Beijing twice. 我去过北京二次。
3.结构
1)陈述句结构:主语+have( has)(not)+过去分词+其它。have not=haven’t has not= hasn’t.
2) 一般疑问句结构:Have( Has )+主语+过去分词+其它?
3) 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+have(has) +主语+ 过去分词+其它?
e.g. He has already finished his homework.
He hasn’t finished his homework yet.
Has he finished his homework yet? --Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t. / No, not yet.
4.现在完成时的时间状语
1)现在完成时属于现在时范围,故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如: yesterday, last Sunday, in1990, three years ago等。但是,在强调动作产生的后果和影响时,可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。
a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中,yet一般用于否定句和 疑问句中。如:We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。
They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。
b. 用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中,表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 如:-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗?
-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。 c. 用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,如just(刚刚), before(以前), up to now(直到现在)/ until now, in the past (few years/ three days 等), so far (迄今为止) recently 等。 例如:I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她,但记不起在哪里见过。
He has been there three times the last few days. 近几年他去过那里三次了。 d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语,如:today, this morning (month ,year, term等.例如:-Have you met him today? - No, I haven't. 今天你见过他吗?我没有。
How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去过那里多少次?
2) 现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始,一直持续到现在。如:I haven't seen him for two years. 但是,像come, arrive, buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用,必须改为“be(在)”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换:
arrive → be here begin (start) → be on die →be dead come back → be back leave → be away fall ill (sick, asleep) → be ill (sick, asleep) go out →be out finish →be over put on →wear 或be on get up →be up join →be in / be a member of… open → be open close →be closed go to school→ be a student borrow →keep buy →have catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) get to know →know begin to study → study come to work→ work
如:He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。或He has been in the army for there years. 不可以说He has joined the army for there years.
His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。(不可以说has died)
The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。(不可以说has begun)
We have studied English for three years. (不可以说have begun) 我们(开始)学英语已三年了。
5. 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等,而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生,不表示和现在的关系。试比较:
I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。(现在还未找到)
I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。(昨天丢的,现在找到与否没说明)
6.几点注意事项 (1)have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别:have been(to) 表示“去过某地(现在已经回来了)”,可用于各人称;have gone(to) 表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)”,常用于第 三人称,前者可与once ,never, several times等连用,后者则不能。如:They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。 He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。 (2)“It is或has been + 一段时间+ since引导的时间状语从句”表示“某人干某事已经多长时间了”。since从句的谓语要用非延续性动词 若动词延续,则译成相反的意思。如:It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。 It is two years since his father lived here. 他爸爸不住这儿已有三年了。 (3)终止性动词现在完成时的否定式,已变成一种可以延续的状态,因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如:I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来,我一直没有离开过这儿。 (4).提问for短语或since状语用how long。
(5).完成时的否定形式与比较级连用表达最高级含义。如:
I have never seen a better film.我从未看过一部更好的电影。(这部最好)
注:否定式与比较级连用表示最高级含义不一定用于完成时态。如:
--- What about going fishing? --- I can’t agree more.(我再同意不过了哦)
.语法—直接引语变间接引语(多数情况下变为宾语 从句)
(1). 直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that 引导(口语中可以省略引导词)宾语从句。把下列句子变为间接引语或直接引语:
a. “I’ll visit my aunt tomorrow.” Lily said. ____________________________.
b. Our teacher often say to us,” It’s important to finish your homework.”
_______________________________________________________
c. They said they would meet at 9:00 p.m. that night.
“_______________________________________.”they said.
d. Lana said that she wasn’t mad at Marcia anymore.
Lana said’”_______________________________.”
(2). 直接引语如果是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,变为由连词if 或whether引导的宾语从句。把下列句子变为间接引语或直接引语:
a. “Will you have a surprise party for me?” he asked me.
_______________________________________________
b. She asked Tom,” Can you help me?” ___________________________ c. He asked me if I knew who killed the cat.
He asked ,”__________________________________?”
(3). 直接引语如果是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,疑问词不变,宾语从句用陈述语序。把下列句子变为间接引语或直接引语:
a. The teacher asked,” Why are all the windows open?”
______________________________________________.
b. “When will you find out the time?” she asked me.
______________________________________________.
c. “What’s the matter with you, Alice?” he asked.
_____________________________________
d. They asked me where my friends were.
____________________________________________
(4).直接引语如果是肯定型祈使句,变为间接引语时,谓语变为tell sb. to do 或ask sb. to do 等句式。把下列句子变为间接引语或直接引语:
a. “Make sure the door is closed,” she said to her little son.
____________________________________________________.
b. “Tell me the news, please.” Li Hui said to me.
____________________________________________________.
c. He asked me to take care of his pet dog.
“_______________________________,” he said to me.
(5).直接引语如果是否定型祈使句,变为间接引语时,谓语变为tell sb.not to do 或ask sb. not to do等。把下列句子变为间接引语或直接引语:a. “Don’t smoke in the room,” he said to me.
________________________________________________.
b. “Don’t shout at the old man,” I said to him.________________________
c. Our teacher told us not to talk in class.
“____________________________, “ our teacher said to us.
d. My mother told me ___ others when they are in trouble.
A. not to laugh at B. don’t laugh at C. not laugh at D. never laugh at
2. if 条件句 在一般将来时的句子里(指主句),时间状语从句、条件状语从句等的谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时。当主句含有情态动词或主句为祈使句时,从句也用一般现在时。如:You must pay for it if you lose it.
附加疑问句
附加疑问句由“陈述句 + 附加疑问句”两部分构成。一般有两种形式:前肯后否或前否后肯。对附加疑问部分应注意以下几点: 1)主语只能用人称代词;2)附加疑问句的not必须与(be /助/情)缩写;3)附加疑问句的时态必须与陈述部分的时态一致。
Tom is a worker, isn’t Tom? (改错) _______ You can swim, can not you? ( 改错) ______
特别注意以下几种反意疑问句
1.陈述部分含否定意味的词如few,little,never,nothing,nobody,no,hardly,none,seldom等时,附加疑问句应使用肯定形式;但如果陈述句部分含有un-, in-, im-, dis-等否定前缀构成的派生词时,该陈述句部分仍做肯定处理,疑问部分用否定形式。
He hardly speaks English, does he? They are unhappy, aren’t they?
2. this/that作主语时,无论是否指人,疑问部分用it;these/those用they。
This is your brother, isn’t it? Those are books,_______________?
3.陈述部分的主语如果是one, 疑问部分主语用one或he。One can’t be always young, can one/ he?
4.陈述部分的主语是everything, something, nothing, anything时,附加疑问句的主语应用it;陈述部分的主语是everybody, somebody, nobody, everyone, no one时,附加疑问句的主语应用they或he。
Everything is ready, ___________? Everyone is here, ____________?
5.陈述部分是祈使句时,附加疑问句一般用:will you? 但注意:
Let’s…(包括听者在内), 附加疑问句一般用shall we? Let us/him/me …(不包括听者在内), 附加疑问句一般用will you? Let’s go for a walk, shall we? Let him come in, will you?
6.陈述部分是there be结构时,应用be there?结构来完成。 There’s little water, _________?
7..陈述部分含that引导的宾语从句时,疑问部分通常与主句一致。但当主句陈述部分是”I / We think (believe, suppose) +宾语从句”时,附加问句应与从句一致。I’m sure + 宾语从句也是如此
1).She said I did it, _________? 2)We don’t think you are right,________?
3) I’m sure you’ll help me, ____________?
8.如果陈述部分是I am… , 附加疑问部分为aren’t I? I am older than you, __________?
9.陈述部分含had better, would like时, 疑问部分分别用hadn’t…?和wouldn’t…? You’d better go out , _______________? You’d like to go there, ____________________?
10.陈述部分是感叹句,附加问句的人称代词应与主语一致,疑问部分用否定形式。 What a kind girl, isn’t she? What a fine day, ___________?
11.the+形容词表示一类人,其附加疑问句主语用复数代词。 The poor had no right to speak at that time, did they?
12. 由neither…nor,either… or , not only…but also , both…and , not…but,…or…, …and…等连接的并列主语,附加疑问部分用复数。
Neither you nor I am wrong, are we? Both Jack and Tom went there, didn’t they?
13.当陈述部分含有have to时,附加疑问部分的助动词应根据have 的变化,分别用don’t, doesn’t, didn’t。 He has to take your advice, doesn’t he?
14.当陈述部分的主语是从句、不定式、动名词或词组时,附加疑问部分的主语通常用it。 What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it? Swimming in rivers is a good sport, _____________?
15.当陈述部分含有wish时,附加疑问部分的助动词用may。I wish to use your computer, may I?
16. 当陈述部分的谓语是“used to+动词原形(过去常常干某事)”时,疑问部分用“didn’t+主语”或“usedn’t +主语”。 He used to live in London, didn’t he? / usedn’t he?
㈢ 八年级上册英语unit1~unit3语法句型(完整的)
8年级上册语法重点
Unit 1 How often do you exercise?
重点语法:频率副词
询问别人做某事的频繁程度
提问用 How often 引导特殊疑问句
回答用 always, sometimes, twice a day 等频率副词。
例句:A: How often do you watch TV?(你多长时间看一次电视?)
B: I watch TV every day.(我每天都看电视。)
A: What's your favorite program?(你最喜欢的节目是什么?)
B: It's Animal World.(是《动物世界》。)
A: How often do you watch it?(你多长时间看一次这个节目?)
Unit 2 What's the matter?
重点语法:询问别人如何感觉
了解人体器官和部位的英文名称
了解一些常见病的英文名称
告诉别人应该怎样做和不应该怎样做
例句:A: What's the matter?(怎么了?)
B: I'm not feeling well.(我感觉不舒服。)I have a cold.(我感冒了。)
A: When did it start?(什么时候开始的?)
B: About two days ago.(大约两天前开始的。)
Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?
重点语法:用现在进行时态表示一般将来时态
强调某个动作已经计划好即将按照计划去执行
例句:A: What are you doing for vacation, Lin Hui?(林辉,放假准备干什么呢?)
B: I'm going to Tibet for a week.(我要去西藏旅游一周。)
A: That sounds interesting!(这听起来很有趣。)
希望能帮到你啊,我是英语牛人团的 Ivy !
㈣ 八年级下英语unit3的语法,句型,易错题
1. in fron...of 在..前面
2.getting out of +地点 从...出来
3.cutting hair 剪头发
4.当while前后的句子描述的情况相对或相反,内while可译为“而” while更强调并列的容对比而并非转折。
5.was/were+doing (过去进行时)
6.以字母结尾ie的动词,变ie为y,再加doing
7.took off 起飞
be suiprised 感到吃惊 (主语是人)
how + 形容词或动词
an unusual experieuce 一次不寻常的经历
jump down 跳下来
was too scred 太恐怖了
took piace 发生 (没有被动)
hears about 听到
in moderm history 在现代历史上
everday activities 日常活动
become a nationai hero 成为一个英雄
all over the world 世界各地
hears about + 名词/代词/短语
=heart of
in silence 沉默地
㈤ 初二上的英语第3单元语法翻译和课文
李晨,你假期里打来算自做什么? 我将要去野营. 那听起来不错.你会和谁去? 我会和我的父母去 你假期里打算做什么?我会去拜访我的祖母 她假期里打算做什么?她将会去野营 他们在假期里打算做什么?他们将回在家休息 你将什么时候去?我将在星期一去 他将什么时候去?他将在12日去 他们将在什么时候去?他们将在下周去
㈥ 八年级英语上UNIT3知识点及语法重点
短语
1. babysit one’s sister照顾妹妹 2. visit one’s grandmother看望奶奶
3. spend time with friends和朋友们一起度过时光 4. visit cousins看望表弟等
5. Go to sports camp去运动野营 6.go to the beach去海滩 7. go camping去野营
8. Go shopping去买东 9. go swimming去游泳 10. go boating去划船 11. go skating去溜冰
12. go walking去散步 13. go climbing去登山 14. go dancing去跳舞 15. go hiking 去徒步远足
16. go sightseeing去观光 17. go house-hunting去找房子 18.go on a hike徒步旅行,
go bike riding骑自行车旅行,go fishing去钓鱼 19. do some shopping买东西
20. do some washing洗衣服 21. do some cooking作饭 22. do some reading读书
23. do some speaking训练口语 24. do some sewing做缝纫活 25.that sounds nice那好极了
26. at home在家 27. how about=what about ……怎么样?28. how long多长时间
29. how far多远 30. how often多长时间一次 31. how much, how many多少
32. have a good time =have fun= have a wonderful time= enjoy oneself 玩得高兴,过得愉快
33. show sb. Sth.=show sth. to sb.出示某物给某人看 give me the book=give the book to me给我书,
pass me the cup=pass the cup to me把杯子递给我,sell me the house=sell the house to me把房子卖给我
buy me a book =buy a book for me给我买书,make me a cake=make a cake for me给我做蛋糕
34. get back=come back回来 35. rent videos租借影碟 36. take walks=go for a walk散步
37. think about考虑 38. decide on= decide upon决定一个计划 39. something different不同的事情
40.a great vacation一个愉快的假期 41. I can’t wait我等不及了42. the famous movie star著名的影星
43. an exciting vacation激动人心的假期44. Ask her about her plans向她询问她的计划
ask sb. about sth.向某人询问某事 45. forget to do sth.忘记要做某事,forget doing sth.忘记做过某事
句型
1.What are you doing for vacation? I’m babysitting my sister.假期你要做什么?我要照顾我的妹妹。
2.Who are you going with? I’m going with my parents.你要和谁一起去?我要和父母一起去。
3.When is he going camping? He is going on the 12th of February, 2005.
4.I’m going to Tibet for a week.我要去西藏一周。
5.What are you doing there? I’m going hiking in the mountains.你在那里要做什么?我要在山区里远足。
6.Show me your photos when we get back to school.我们返回学校时,你把照片拿给我看。
7.Where are you going for vacation? I’m going to Hawaii for vacation.
8.I’m going to Hawaii for vacation in December, and I’m staying for three weeks.
9.What is it like there?那里什么样子?
10. Can I ask you some questions about your vacation plans?我可以问你一些有关你假期计划的问题吗?
11. He thought about going to Greece or Spain, but decided on Canada.
他考虑去希腊或西班牙,但是最后他决定去加拿大。
12. He is leaving the first week in June and staying until September.
他将在6月的第一个星期动身,一直呆到9月。
13. Please don’t forget to close the door when you leave.你离开时,请别忘记关门。
14.She couldn’t wait to get home to see he parents. 她迫不及待的想回家看望父母。
㈦ 人教版八年级英语上册第三课单词
babysit
camp
plan
Tibet
hike
HongKong
yeah
how long
away
get back
send
postcard
San Francisco
Hawaii
bike
ride
sightseeing
fishing
rent
Italy
famous
take a vacation
Greece
Spain
Europe
something
lake
the Great Lakes
leave
countryside
nature
forget
a lot
finish
Thailand
tourist
人名来我就不自打了。单词没少一个
㈧ 八年级上册英语第三课教案
I. Warm-up
① Greetings. T: Class begins. Good morning, boys and girls. How are you? What day is it today? What’s the weather like today? Nice to meet you. Very good. Sit down, please. Ss answer.( 通过师生对话,进入英语学习的氛围)
思路:歌谣调动学生的情绪,活跃课堂气氛,朗诵歌谣的同时复习本课Part A 的 单词,又为新课作铺垫。
II. Revision.
① Review the words:
② Divide the whole class into 6 groups.
思路:单词的复习,是学习本节课对话的前提,利用单词,恰当分组,形成合作,向上的积极氛围。
III. Presentation and Practice.
思路:本环节,通过3个重点句型的分散教学,层层突破,降低句型难度,使
学生轻松掌握words and sentences.
b). Play a game: warm or cold.
( 游戏规则:一名学生把单词卡片藏起来,一名学生找单词卡片。其他学生帮助——当找的学生离卡片近的时候,他们的喊声(单词发音)响亮;反之,离卡片远,声音就越来越轻。在我的教学实践中,这个游戏学生很感兴趣。)
思路:在活动中巩固新学内容“玩具盒”,学生饶有兴致地记住了toy box,避免机械地朗读。
② Present “in”.
T :I have a nice ball. Do you want to have a look? T tries to find the ball. Oh, where is my ball ? At last, Teacher found it in the toy box. Oh,
Practise “in”/“on” and “under”.( 借助实物巩固操练)
4.Guessing game: Where is the robot?
(游戏规则:教师或学生用布挡住玩具盒,把robot藏起来,或在盒子上,盒子里,或在盒子底下。其他同学猜猜看on the toy box, in the toy box or under the toy box.变换toys 和places.)
思路:“猜猜看”的游戏避免了枯燥乏味地机械操练,学生兴趣盎然。
IV. Work in groups.
Ss talk about their toys or school things. In/on/under the desk/bag/chair…(用自己的物品操练句型 My … is in/on/under…或编对话Where is your … ? It’s in/on/under …)
思路:尊重学生个性发展,根据学生学习情况,学生有能力就可以放手让学生学以致用。
Relaxing: (CD-Room) Now, let’s have a rest. Stand up, please. Listen and sing a song. Do some actions.
TPR(全身反应活动)的听听做做活动,培养动作的协调性、语言的节奏性和和表演的技巧性;课件配合教学,在动画色彩的CAI,能吸引学生注意力,激发学生学习热情,并面向全体学生。
Setting three scenes. (CAI)
思路:CAI出示对话后,注意分层教学,照顾全体学生。教师提供3个情景可供
选择,符合学生的特点,词汇量较少,缺乏英语学习的语言环境,并面向全体学
生,给学生充分自由选择的空间,提供给学生一个完全开放的空间和展示自我才
华的舞台。
㈨ 八年级上册英语课文翻译第三单元 的语法焦点
没有原文怎么翻译?