Ⅰ 八年级上学期的英语语法总结（全部）！
一、只能修饰可数名词的词语有:
many, many a(n), a good / great many, a (great / large) number of, scores of, dozens of等。例如:
Scores of people went there in the first few days after its opening.
开张后的头几天,很多人去了那儿。
I have been there dozens of times.
我已去过那儿很多次了。
There’re a number of students reading English in the classroom.
教室里有许多学生在读英语。
Many a student has(=many students have)visited the Great Wall.(谓语动词用单数)
很多学生都游览过长城。
In winter, a good many animals sleep under the snow.
冬天很多动物在雪下冬眠。
注意: many所修饰的复数名词前若有限定词,many 后面要接of, 表示“……中的很多”。 例如:
A great many(of the) graates have found jobs.
毕业生中很多人已经找到了工作。
二、只能修饰不可数名词的词语有:
much, a great deal of, a great / large amount of等。例如:
Is there much water in the bucket?
桶里有很多水吗?
He always has a great amount of work to do.
他总是有很多工作要做。
三、既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词语有:
a lot of, lots of, plenty of (以上三个词语后谓语动词的数依of 后的名词的单复数而定),a great / large quantity of (其后谓语用单数),quantities of (其后谓语用复数)。例如:
There is still lots of snow in the garden.
花园里还有许多雪。
There is plenty of rain here.
这儿的雨水很多。
A great quantity of flowers was placed in the hall.
大厅里放了很多鲜花。
There are large quantities of food in the cupboard.
橱柜里有许多食物。
在所有这些表示“很多”的词语中many, much 是最常用的词,它们既可以用于肯定句,也可以用于疑问句和否定句。例如:
Are there many people in the street?
街上有很多人吗?
There isn’t much time left.
剩下的时间不多了。
其它的词语都用于肯定句,日常会话中常用lots of, a lot of 或plenty of; 正式文体中常用 a great many, a (large) number of, a great deal of, scores of 或 dozens of 等。但若肯定句中有too, so, as, very或how 等词修饰时,则必须使用 many, much。例如:
The number of the people who lost their homes reached as many as 250,000.
无家可归的人数多达250,000人。
There is too much work to do.
要做的工作太多了。
或者是这样的，你自己看下，哪Unit 1 How often do you exercise?
Grammar: 特殊疑问句：wh-questions: what, who, where, when, which, whose, why, whom等。
特殊疑问句的构成及用法：
结构：特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句， 即：特殊疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语（+其他）
疑问代词：
1) Who:谁。做主语，用来指人 Who is the boy under the tree?
2）Whom 谁，做宾语，用来指人 Whom are you writing to?
3) Whose 谁的，用来指所属关系，如果做定语，一般后接名词 Whose pen is this?
4) Which 哪个，哪些，用来指对人或物在一定范围之内进行选择 Which grils will in the sports meeting? Which pen is Lily’s?
5)What什么，通常指物，也可指人，一般用在没有指出范围的情况下 What can you see in the picture? What are you doing now?
疑问副词：
When:何时，询问时间 When will she come back?
Where何地，询问地点， Where do you come from?
Why为什么，询问原因， Why are you late for school?
How 如何，询问手段、方式、工具以及程度等 How do you usually go to school?
How old多大，询问年龄，How old is Jim’s little brother?
How many/much多少，询问数量 How many birds are there in the tree?
How far多远，询问距离， How far is it form your home to school?
How long多长，多久，询问时间的长度或距离 How long will you stay in Beijing?
How often多长时间按一次，询问频率 How often do you go to see your grandparents?
How soon多久，询问时间 How soon will you come back?
频率副词：表示动作发生的频率，never, sometimes, often, usually, always.
Unit 2 What’s the matter with you?
Grammar:
1. 用have 来描述身体不适 have/have got a +疾病名字；得了……病
2.情态动词should,情态动词should,can, may, must没有人称和时态的变化，后接动词原形
Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?
Grammar:现在进行时表将来 一般将来时
表示将要做某事或计划打算做某事要用到句型“be+doing”其中be是助动词，它有人称和单复数的变化。Be: am, is, are. be + v.ing是现在进行时的形式，但用于表示将来。用进行时表将来，常用于表示即将来临的未来预定要做的事情，一般指个人计划要做的事。用于此情况的动词一般是表示位置转移的动词，如，go, come, leave, start, arrive, move等。
一．肯定句中，结构为“be+doing.”
I am going shopping this afternoon.
二．否定句是在be之后加not. I’m not going to shopping this afternoon.
三．一般疑问句是将be置于句首 Are you going shopping this afternoon?—Yes, I am/ we are. No, I’m not./ We aren’t.
四．特殊疑问句“疑问词+一般疑问句语序。”
What are you doing for vacation? When is he going camping?
Who are you going there with? Where is she going?
Unit 4 How do you get to school?
Grammar: How引导的特殊疑问句：是指以How, how far, how long, how old,how many, how much等词开头的疑问句。
How does he get to shool?---- He takes the train to get to shool.
How long does it take to walk? ----It takes about 35 minutes to walk.
How far is it from your home to school? It’s four miles from my home to school.
How old is he now? She is twelve years old now.
How many storybooks do you have? I have five storybooks.
How much is this coat? This coat is 200 yuan.
特殊疑问句的简略结构：how about…?+ 名词或动词-ing形式，用于提出建议、请求或征求意见、询问消息等。如：How about playing tennis?
Unit 5 Can you come to my party?
Grammar:情态动词can及邀请句式及其问答
情态动词can的用法：
Can 是最长用的情态动词，其后跟动词原形，can的否定形式为cannot，can’t.
can表“能力”，意思是：能，会 I can paly basketball,but I can’t swim.
can表示能力时可和be able to 互换，be able to有更多的时态，常被用来表示can所 不能表示的将来或完成的概念。E.g. They will be able to run this machine on their own in three months.
表示“可能性”，意思是：可以，可能。That big cinema can seat 5,000 people.
表示允许，意思是可以能够 You can have the book when I have finished it.
表示“惊讶、不相信等（用于疑问句、否定句或感叹句中”。意思是“会、可能。”
This can’t be true. Can it be true?
如何发出、接受和谢绝别人的邀请
表达邀请的常用句型：
Can you come to…?
Could you come to…?
Would you like to come to…?
Do you want to come to…?
接受邀请的常用句型：
Sure. Certainly. OK. I’d love to.
谢绝邀请的常用句型：
I’m sorry, I can’t. I have to…
I’m afraid I can’t. I have to…
I don’t think I can. I have to…
Unit 6 I’m more outgoing than my sister.
Grammar:形容词的比较级
规则变化、不规则变化（课本P93）
than 是比较级中最常见的标志词，意思是“比”。用于引出比较的对象。1.He draws better than me.2.You’re older than I am. You are older than me.
形容词比较级前，有时可以用much,far, a little,a bit, even, three times等词来修饰。Much 和far表示“……得多”,much better好得多，a little, a bit表示稍微，一些，一点。a little shorter, 稍微矮点；even表示“甚至，更加，还要……”even bigger还要大些，three times表示 “…三倍”，如three times bigger than 比……大三倍
Very绝不可以用来修饰比较级，very,so,too, quite 修饰原级
Unit 7 How do you make banana milk shake?
Grammar: 可数名词与不可数名词
一．可数名词
英语中的物质名词大体上可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词指物体的数量可数。其单数形式可在名词前加a或an,表示一个，如a pear. 其负数形式要在词尾加-s,或-es（特殊情况除外），如two bananas, three tomatoes. Many many apples a few students few bags
二．不可数名词
1.不可数名词指物体的数量不可数。不可数名词没有单复数之分，也不能在词前直接加冠词a 或an.表示不可数名词的数量时可在不可数名词前加相应的由量词构成的短语。如a bag of… 2.常见的量词短语有：
a piece of… a cup of… a teaspoon of… a bottle of…
3.不可数名词还可以用下面的词表示数量：much much rain a little little
4.既可以修饰不可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词的词有：
Lots of= a lot of许多，大量 some一些（用于肯定句）any一些（用于否定句和一般疑问句）
Unit 8 How was your school trip?
Grammar:
一般过去时：指在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去意义的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last year(week,month…),two years ago, in2006等。有时也可用when,after,before, as soon as引导的时间状语从句。该时态在句中的体现是谓语动词用过去式。谓语be动词→was/were 否定：wasn’t /weren’t
Be动词句型
一般疑问句：was/were +主语…
特殊疑问句：疑问词+was/were+主语
陈述句：主语+was/were+…(肯定句) 否定句：主语+wasn’t/weren’t+…
行为动词句型（当句中的动词为行为动词时，要借助动词did构成一般疑问句和否定句）
肯定式：主语+动词过去式
否定式：主语+didn’t+动词原形
一般疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形
特殊疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形
Unit 9 When was he born?
Grammar: 一般过去时的特殊疑问句
一般过去时的特殊疑问句的变法同一般现在时一样，不同之处在于须将be动词或助动词改为过去时态，即“特殊疑问词+were或was(第三人称单数)+主语+（表语）+其他成分”或“特殊疑问词+助动词did+主语+实义动词+其他成分。”
以when引导的特殊疑问句，对某人的出生年月进行提问，句型是：
When was/were…born? … was/were born in +时间
When was David beckham born? 大卫.贝克汉姆是什么时候出生的？He was born in 1975.
二．以how long 引导的特殊疑问句，对表示某一短时间的状语进行提问。句型是：
How long did + 主语+动词？
How long did Charles Smith hiccup? He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months.
三．When did he start hiccupping? 他什么时候开始打嗝？When +did+主语+动词？
Unit 10 I’m going to be a basketball player.
Grammar:一般将来时
表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。
1. be going to + 动词原形 What are you going to do next Sunday?
2. will/shall + 动词原形 I will go to my hometown next week.
3.be +v.ing The Greens are moving to another city the day after tomorrow.
4. be +动词不定式 You are to be back by 10 o’clock.
5. be + about + 动词不定式 The meeting is about to begin.
Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?
Grammar:情态动词
情态动词，表示说话者对某一动作的看法和态度，包括可能、怀疑、允许、愿望、必要、猜测等。Can(能、会),may( 可以),must( 必须、一定)等。
情态动词的特点：(1)情态动词有一定词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和另一个动词原形一起构成谓语，且没有人称和数的变化。1. I can speak English. 2. She must be a teacher. 3. We may go home now.
(2)变否定句时，直接在情态动词后面加not,无需加助动词。He can’t play the guitar well.
He can’t answer the question. You mustn’t be late.
(3)含有情态动词的句子变一般疑问句时，须将情态动词提前。Can you help me? Must I go there at once?
(4)can 可表示能力、允许、可能性、怀疑猜测，意为“能，会，可以。”can’t, 意为“不能，不会，不可以。”，还有“不可能”之意。
--Can you drive? – Sorry, I can’t. It can’t be true.
(5)can 也可表示请求与邀请
Can you please sweep the floor?
Unit12 What’s the best radio station?
Grammar:形容词/副词的最高级，用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较，表示在一群人或事物中，其中一个 “最……”见课本p93语法
the +最高级 She is the tallest of all her classmates.
最高级可被序数词以及much, by far,nearly,almost, by no means, not quite,not really, nothing like等修饰。This hat is by far the biggest.
表示最高程度的形容词，excellent, extreme, prefect等没有最高级也不能用比较级。He is an excellent teacher.
形容词最高级间修饰做表语或介词并与的名词代词是，被修饰的词往往省略。
He is the youngest (boy) in his class.
Who/Which +be+最高级，A,B,or C? Who is the most useful, a bicycle, a motorcycle,or a car?
the +序数词+最高级 He is the second tallest student in our class.
One of the +最高级+复数名词 The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China.个完整你选择哪个吧！
Ⅱ 初二英语上的所有语法点
1nbsp;(seenbsp;、hearnbsp;、noticenbsp;、findnbsp;、feelnbsp;、listennbsp;tonbsp;、nbsp;looknbsp;atnbsp;(感官动词)+nbsp;donbsp;egnbsp;:Inbsp;likenbsp;watchingnbsp;monkeysnbsp;jumpnbsp;2nbsp;（比较级nbsp;andnbsp;比较级）nbsp;表示越来越怎么样nbsp;3nbsp;anbsp;piecenbsp;ofnbsp;cakenbsp;=easynbsp;小菜一碟（容易）nbsp;4nbsp;agreenbsp;withnbsp;sbnbsp;赞成某人nbsp;5nbsp;allnbsp;kindsnbsp;ofnbsp;各种各样nbsp;anbsp;kindnbsp;ofnbsp;一样nbsp;6nbsp;allnbsp;overnbsp;thenbsp;worldnbsp;=nbsp;thenbsp;wholenbsp;worldnbsp;整个nbsp;世界nbsp;7nbsp;alongnbsp;withnbsp;同……一道，伴随……nbsp;egnbsp;:nbsp;Inbsp;willnbsp;gonbsp;alongnbsp;withnbsp;younbsp;我将和你一起去nbsp;thenbsp;studentsnbsp;plantednbsp;treesnbsp;alongnbsp;withnbsp;theirnbsp;teachersnbsp;学生同老师们一起种树nbsp;8nbsp;Asnbsp;soonnbsp;asnbsp;一怎么样就怎么样nbsp;9nbsp;asnbsp;younbsp;cannbsp;seenbsp;你是知道的nbsp;10nbsp;asknbsp;fornbsp;……求助nbsp;向…要…（直接接想要的东西）nbsp;egnbsp;:nbsp;asknbsp;younbsp;fornbsp;mynbsp;booknbsp;11nbsp;asknbsp;sbnbsp;fornbsp;sthnbsp;向某人什么nbsp;12nbsp;asknbsp;sbnbsp;tonbsp;donbsp;sthnbsp;询问某人某事nbsp;asknbsp;sbnbsp;notnbsp;tonbsp;donbsp;叫某人不要做某事nbsp;13nbsp;atnbsp;thenbsp;agenbsp;ofnbsp;在……岁时nbsp;eg：Inbsp;amnbsp;sixteennbsp;Inbsp;amnbsp;atnbsp;thenbsp;agenbsp;ofnbsp;sixteennbsp;14nbsp;atnbsp;thenbsp;beginningnbsp;ofnbsp;……nbsp;……的起初；……的开始nbsp;15nbsp;atnbsp;thenbsp;endnbsp;ofnbsp;+地点/+时间nbsp;最后；尽头；末尾nbsp;egnbsp;:nbsp;Atnbsp;thenbsp;endnbsp;ofnbsp;thenbsp;daynbsp;16nbsp;atnbsp;thisnbsp;timenbsp;ofnbsp;yearnbsp;在每年的这个时候nbsp;17nbsp;benbsp;/feelnbsp;confidentnbsp;ofnbsp;sthnbsp;/thatnbsp;clausenbsp;+从句nbsp;感觉/对什么有信心，自信nbsp;egnbsp;:nbsp;Inbsp;amnbsp;/nbsp;feelnbsp;confidentnbsp;ofnbsp;mynbsp;spokennbsp;Englishnbsp;Inbsp;feelnbsp;thatnbsp;Inbsp;cannbsp;passnbsp;thenbsp;testnbsp;18nbsp;benbsp;+nbsp;doingnbsp;表：1nbsp;现在进行时nbsp;2nbsp;将来时nbsp;19nbsp;benbsp;ablenbsp;tonbsp;(+nbsp;vnbsp;原)nbsp;=nbsp;cannbsp;(+nbsp;vnbsp;原）nbsp;能够……nbsp;egnbsp;:nbsp;Shenbsp;isnbsp;ablenbsp;tonbsp;singnbsp;Shenbsp;cannbsp;singnbsp;20nbsp;benbsp;ablenbsp;tonbsp;donbsp;sthnbsp;能够干什么nbsp;egnbsp;:shenbsp;isnbsp;ablenbsp;tonbsp;singnbsp;21nbsp;benbsp;afraidnbsp;tonbsp;donbsp;(ofnbsp;sthnbsp;)nbsp;恐惧，害怕……nbsp;egnbsp;:nbsp;I‘mnbsp;afraednbsp;tonbsp;gonbsp;outnbsp;atnbsp;nightnbsp;I‘mnbsp;afraidnbsp;ofnbsp;dognbsp;22nbsp;benbsp;allowednbsp;tonbsp;donbsp;被允许做什么nbsp;eg:nbsp;I‘mnbsp;allowednbsp;tonbsp;watchnbsp;TVnbsp;我被允许看电视nbsp;Inbsp;shouldnbsp;benbsp;allowednbsp;tonbsp;watchnbsp;TVnbsp;我应该被允许看电视nbsp;23nbsp;benbsp;angrynbsp;withnbsp;sbnbsp;生某人的气nbsp;egnbsp;:nbsp;Don‘tnbsp;benbsp;angrynbsp;withnbsp;menbsp;24nbsp;benbsp;angrynbsp;with(at)nbsp;sbnbsp;fornbsp;doingnbsp;sthnbsp;为什么而生某人的气nbsp;25nbsp;benbsp;as…原级…asnbsp;和什么一样nbsp;egnbsp;:nbsp;Shenbsp;isnbsp;asnbsp;tallnbsp;asnbsp;menbsp;她和我一样高nbsp;26nbsp;benbsp;ashamednbsp;tonbsp;27nbsp;benbsp;awaynbsp;fromnbsp;远离nbsp;28nbsp;benbsp;awaynbsp;fromnbsp;从……离开nbsp;29nbsp;benbsp;badnbsp;fornbsp;对什么有害nbsp;egnbsp;:nbsp;Readingnbsp;booksnbsp;innbsp;thenbsp;sunnbsp;isnbsp;badnbsp;fornbsp;yournbsp;eyesnbsp;在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好nbsp;30nbsp;benbsp;bornnbsp;出生于nbsp;31nbsp;benbsp;busynbsp;doingnbsp;sthnbsp;忙于做什么事nbsp;benbsp;busynbsp;withnbsp;sthnbsp;忙于……nbsp;32nbsp;benbsp;carefulnbsp;当心；小心nbsp;33nbsp;benbsp;differentnbsp;from……nbsp;和什么不一样nbsp;34nbsp;benbsp;famousnbsp;fornbsp;以……著名nbsp;35nbsp;benbsp;friendlynbsp;tonbsp;sbnbsp;对某人友好nbsp;36nbsp;benbsp;fromnbsp;=nbsp;comenbsp;fromnbsp;来自nbsp;egnbsp;：Henbsp;isnbsp;fromnbsp;Bej
Ⅲ 八年级上册英语的语法聚焦点
[人教版]新目标英语八年级上册知识要点
Unit 1 How often do you exercise?
重点语法：频率副词
询问别人做某事的频繁程度
提问用 How often 引导特殊疑问句
回答用 always, sometimes, twice a day 等频率副词。
例句：A: How often do you watch TV?(你多长时间看一次电视？)
B: I watch TV every day.(我每天都看电视。)
A: What's your favorite program?(你最喜欢的节目是什么？)
B: It's Animal World.(是《动物世界》。)
A: How often do you watch it?(你多长时间看一次这个节目？)
Unit 2 What's the matter?
重点语法：询问别人如何感觉
了解人体器官和部位的英文名称
了解一些常见病的英文名称
告诉别人应该怎样做和不应该怎样做
例句：A: What's the matter?(怎么了？)
B: I'm not feeling well.(我感觉不舒服。)I have a cold.(我感冒了。)
A: When did it start?(什么时候开始的？)
B: About two days ago.(大约两天前开始的。)
Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?
重点语法：用现在进行时态表示一般将来时态
强调某个动作已经计划好即将按照计划去执行
例句：A: What are you doing for vacation, Lin Hui?(林辉，放假准备干什么呢？)
B: I'm going to Tibet for a week.(我要去西藏旅游一周。)
A: That sounds interesting!(这听起来很有趣。)
Unit 4 How do you get to school?
重点语法：询问别人做某事的方式
用 How 引导特殊疑问句
其回答有多种方式，其中一种结构是 by doing sth. 或 by sth. 的结构。
询问两地的距离用 how far 引导特殊疑问句
回答用 be + (distance) + [away] + from 的结构。
例句：A: How do you get to school?(你如何去上学？)
B: I take the subway.(我乘地铁去上学。)
Unit 5 Can you come to my party?
重点语法：询问并请求某人做某事
例句：A: Hey, Dave.(你好，戴夫。)Can you go to the movies on Saturday?(周六你能去看电影吗？)
B: I'm sorry, I can't.(对不起，我不能去。)I have too much homework this weekend.(这个周末我有太多作业要做。)
Unit 6 I'm more outgoing than my sister.
重点语法：在两件或多件事物中进行比较
使用形容词的比较级和最高级
例句：A: Lin Ping is my friend. (Lin Ping 是我的朋友。)She's a little more outgoing than me.(她比我性格要活泼开朗一些。)
B: My friend is the same as me.(我的朋友跟我一样。)We are both quiet.(我们都很静。)
Unit 7 How do you make a banana milk shake?
重点语法：描述一个过程
服从别人的指令
询问做某事的过程用 how 引导特殊疑问句
分步回答用 first(首先), next(接着), then(然后), finally(最后) 等时间副词引导从句。
例句：A: How do you make fruit salad?(如何做水果沙拉？)
B: First cut up three bananas, three apples and a watermelon.(首先切三个香蕉、三个苹果和一个西瓜。)
Unit 8 How was your school trip?
重点语法：一般过去时态
结构：主语 + 谓语动词的过去式 + 宾语
谈论过去发生的事情用一般过去时态
do/does 的一般过去时态形式：did
例句：Last week I visited my aunt's house.(上个星期我去我姑姑家玩了。)She lives in California.(她住在加利福尼亚州。)The weather was beautiful.(那儿的天气很好。)I went swimming.(我去游泳了。)
Unit 9 When was he born?
重点语法：一般过去时态
谈论著名人物
例句：A: How long did Charles Smith hiccup?(查理斯•史密斯打嗝了多长时间？)
B: He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months.(他打嗝了 69 年零 5 个月。)
A: When did he start hiccupping?(他什么时候开始打嗝的？)
B: He started in 1922.(他从 1922 年就开始打嗝了。)
Unit 10 I'm going to be a basketball player.
重点语法：一般将来时态
do/does 的两种一般将来时态形式：will do；be going to do
两种形式的区别：will do 强调事情尚未计划好而即将做
be going to do 强调事情已计划好并将按照计划来做
本单元重点强调 be going to do 的形式。
例句：A: What are you going to do next year?(明年你准备干些什么？)
B: Well, I'm going to take guitar lessons.(我明年要上吉他音乐课。)I really love music.(我很喜欢音乐。)
Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?
重点语法：委婉请求别人做某事
引导词用 can, shall, will 等情态动词的过去时态
例句：A: Could I please use your computer?(我能用一下你的电脑吗？)
B: Sorry. I'm going to work on it now.(对不起，我正在忙着用电脑。)
A: Well, could I watch TV?(那么，我能看电视吗？)
B: Yes, you can.(是，你可以看电视。)But you have to clean your room.(但是是在你打扫完房间之后。)
Unit 12 What's the best radio station?
重点语法：在各事物间进行比较
用形容词的原形、比较级和最高级
例句：A: Hello! I'm a reporter.(你好，我是记者。)Can I ask you some questions?(我能问你一些问题吗？)
B: Sure.(当然可以。)
希望能帮到你啊！