Ⅰ 初中英语语法人教版（初二）
send sb.sth=send sth to sb.寄给某人某物
decide to do sth.决定做某事
forget to do sth.忘记做某事（此事还内没做）容
forget doing sh.忘记做过某事（此事已做，但忘了）
Ⅱ 初中英语语法大全
一般过去时，一般现在时过去进行时过去完成时现在完成时被动语态定语从句宾语从句一般将来时
Ⅲ 初中英语人教版初二语法
Unit 1 Will people have robots?
重点语法：一般将来时态的应用
do/does 的一般将来时态形式：(shall/will) do
do/does 的一般将来时态的被动语态：(shall/will) be done
一般将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式：
肯定句例句：People will have robots in a few years.
否定句例句：People (will not/won't) have robots in a few years.
一般疑问句例句：Will people have robots in a few years?
特殊疑问句例句：What will people have in a few years?
重点短语：won't = will not
they'll = they will
she'll = she will
he'll = he will
I'll = I will
fall in love with(sb./sth.) 爱上（某人/某物）
be able to do sth. 能够做某事
come true 实现
in the future 未来
hundreds of 数以百计的
thousands of 数以千计的
look for(sb./sth.) 寻找（某人/某物）
will → would 情态动词 will 的原形和过去式
may → might 情态动词 may 的原形和过去式
Reading Strategy(阅读方法)
Look at the title and picture, and predict what you will read about. (看着标题和图片，预知你要阅读那些方面的内容。)This helps you get ready to acquire new information. (这样可以帮助你获得一些新的信息。)
Unit 2 What should I do?
重点语法：过去将来时态（将来时态的委婉说法）
do/does 的过去将来时态形式：(should/would) do
do/does 的过去将来时态的被动语态：(should/would) be done
过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式：
肯定句例句：You should write a letter to him.
否定句例句：You shouldn't write a letter to him.
一般疑问句例句：Should I write a letter to him?
特殊疑问句例句：What should I do?
重点短语：keep sb. out 不让某人进入
What's wrong? = What's the matter? = What's the problem? 怎么了？
out of style 不时髦的；过时的
call sb. up 给某人打电话
pay for sth. 为某事付款
part-time job 兼职工作
the same as = be same (to/with) 与……同样
in style 时髦的；流行的
get on [well] with sb. = get along [well] with sb. 与某人相处（好）
didn't = did not
couldn't = could not
as ... as possible 尽可能……(eg/ as soon as possible 尽快)
all kinds of 各种；许多
on the one hand 一方面
on the other hand 另一方面
ask sb. for sth. = ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事
ask sb. not to do sth. 请求某人不要做某事
spend (money) on sth. = spend (money) [in] doing sth. 花钱做某事
sth. cost sb. (money) 某人花钱为了某事
take sb. sometime to do sth. 花某人时间做某事
find out 查明
find sb. doing sth. 发现某人做某事
be angry with sb. 生某人的气
be angry at sth. 生某事的气
the same age as = as old as 与某人年龄一样
have fight with sb. 与某人打架
learn to do sth. 学会做某事
not ... until ... 直到……才……
compare sth.(A) with sth.(B) 把某事(A)与某事(B)作比较
it's time for sth. = it's time to do sth. 到该做某事的时间了
maybe adv. 或许
may be （情态动词 + 动词原形）可能是
shall → should 情态动词 shall 的原形和过去式
pay → paid → paid 动词 pay 的原形、过去式和过去分词
Reading Strategy(阅读方法)
You will learn to use new words better if you use a learner's dictionary. (时刻学着应用新单词来学习比时刻使用字典这种途径方法更好。)A bilingual dictionary sometimes gives the wrong meaning for the situation you want. (在某些你需要的场合下，一本双语字典有时会给你错误的解释。)
Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?
重点语法：过去进行时态
do/does 的过去进行时态形式：(was/were) doing
do/does 的过去进行时态的被动语态：(was/were) being done
过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式：
肯定句例句：I was walking down the street when a UFO landed.
否定句例句：I wasn't walking down the street when a UFO landed.
一般疑问句例句：Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed?
特殊疑问句例句：What were you doing when a UFO landed?
动词 when 和 while 的选择：when 后加瞬间动词，while 后加延续性动词。
例句：The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.
=While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.
感叹句
结构：(1) How + adj. + the + 主语 + 谓语动词
=(2) What + (a/an) + [adj.] + n. + 主语 + 谓语动词
例句：What a beautiful flower [it is]!
=How beautiful the flower is!
What beautiful flowers [they are]!
=How beautiful the flowers are!
重点短语：get out 出去；离开
take off 起飞
run away 逃跑；跑掉
come in 进来
hear about = hear of 听说
take place 发生
as ... as 像……一样(eg/ as old as him 像他一样老)
anywhere = everywhere = here and there 任何地方
think about 考虑
think of 认为
get up = get out of the bed 起床
at the doctor's 在诊所
every day 每一天
everyday adj. 日常的
most adj. 大部分
the most 最多的
in space 在太空中
national hero 民族英雄
all over the world = in the world 全世界
Reading Strategy(阅读方法)
The title can be helpful for you to understand a text. (一篇文章的标题可以帮助你理解整篇文章。)It's also a good idea to read the first sentence of each paragraph before you read. (在阅读整篇文章之前，阅读每段的第一句话也是一个很有效的方法。)
Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.
重点语法：宾语从句
结构：主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语从句(主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语/表语)
例句：----I'm good at English. He says. (改为加宾语从句的复合句)
----He says I'm good at English.
注意：①主句是一般现在时态，宾语从句的时态不受其影响。
例句：He says I'm good at English now.
He says I was good at mathematics when I was young.
②主句是过去时态，宾语从句也要用过去时态。
例句：He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday.
He said I was good at English now yesterday.
③宾语从句是客观真理时永远用一般现在时态。
例句：Our teacher says 24 hours make a day.
Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday.
④动词原形不能作主语，必须用其 -ing 形式。
例句：She said helping others changed her life.
重点短语：direct speech 直接引语
reported speech = indirect speech 间接引语
first of all = at first 首先
pass on 传递
be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事
be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好
in good health 身体健康
get over 克服
open up 打开
care for = take care of = look after 照料；照顾
not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再
have a cold 感冒
end-of-year exam 年终考试
get nervous 变得紧张
forget to do sth. 忘记做某事（该事未做）
forget doing sth. 忘记做某事（该事已做）
it's + adj. + [for sb.] + to do sth. 做某事[对某人来说]……（加形容词）
context 上下文
Reading Strategy(阅读方法)
First read for meaning, not for detail. (首先理解文段的大致意思，不在于文段的细节部分。)You can understand the meaning of a word you don't know from the context. (至于不懂的单词，你可以通过上下文来寻找它的正确释义。)
Unit 5 If you go to the party, you'll have a great time!
重点语法：if 引导的条件状语从句
结构：主句 + if + 条件状语从句
if + 条件状语从句 + [(comma)] + 主句
注意：在 if 引导的条件状语从句中，主句应用将来时态，状语从句用一般现在时态。
例句：You'll have a great time if you go to the party.
=If you go to the party, you'll have a great time.
重点短语：take away 拿走
around the world = all over the world 在世界各地
make a living 谋生
all the time = always 一直
What's the problem? = What's the matter? = What's wrong? 怎么了？
in order to do sth. 为了做某事
make sb. do sth. 使得某人做某事（to 省略，该结构是一个不带 to 的不定式。）
make sb. adj. 使得某人……（加形容词）
make sb. done 使得某人被做
be famous for 为……而出名
be famous as 作为……而出名
in class 在课堂上
spend ...(time/money) on sth. = spend ...(time/money) in doing sth. 花……（时间/钱）用于做某事
see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事（强调整个过程）
see sb. doing sth. 看见某人做某事（强调偶然性）
say → said → said 动词 say 的原形、过去式和过去分词
tell → told → told 动词 tell 的原形、过去式和过去分词
eat → ate → eaten 动词 eat 的原形、过去式和过去分词
speak → spoke → spoken 动词 speak 的原形、过去式和过去分词
Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?
重点语法：现在完成进行时态
do/does 的现在完成进行时态形式：have/has been doing
do/does 的现在完成进行时态的被动语态：have/has been being done
现在完成进行时态所应用的场合：
①某事从过去发生一直持续到现在都在做
②过去发生的动作对现在造成影响
例：我已上了三年初中。
I have been in Junior School for 3 years.
自从那次他与我谈过心后，我天天都在进步。
I have been making progress since he talked with me that time.
现在完成进行时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式：
肯定句例句：I have been skating for five hours.
否定句例句：I haven't been skating for five hours.
一般疑问句例句：Have you been skating for five hours?
特殊疑问句例句：How long have you been skating?
注意：瞬间动词不能和一段时间连用。
例句：你借这本书已经多长时间了？
How long have you been keeping this book?
重点短语：run out of 用完；用尽
by the way 顺便说说
be interested in doing sth. 对某事感兴趣
more than 比……多
far away 在远处
would like to do sth. = want to do sth. = feel like doing sth. 想要做某事
send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物赠送给某人
in fact 实际上
room 房间（用于可数名词）；空间（用于不可数名词）
common → more common → the most common 形容词 common 的原级、比较级和最高级
Reading Strategy(阅读方法)
Let your eyes "scan" the text quickly to find details that you're looking for. (在阅读文章之前，用眼睛“横扫”整篇文章，快速寻找你需要的文章要点。)You can find information quickly without reading the whole text. (这样你就不用细读整篇文章，就能寻找到你需要的一些信息。)
Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?
重点语法：mind [one's] doing sth. 介意（某人）做某事
重点短语：not at all 一点也不
turn down 调节使音量变小
right away = in a minute = at once 立刻；马上
wait in line 排队等候
cut in line 插队等候
hasn't = has not
keep ... down 压低声音；使缓和
at first = first of all 首先
take care 当心；小心
take care of = care about = look after 关心；照顾
break the rule 违规
obey the rule 遵守规定
put out 熄灭
pick sth. up 捡起某物
wait for sb. 等候某人
depend on 依赖；依靠
get back = return 要回
mean → meant → meant 动词 mean 的原形、过去式和过去分词
Reading Strategy(阅读方法)
As we read, we need to find "topic sentences".(在我们阅读的时候，我们需要寻找“主题语句”，也就是和文章中心最相关的语句。) These sentences usually gives us a "summary", or overall meaning of each paragraph and help us understand what the paragraph is about.(这些语句通常会给我们一些文章的“概要”，或者每个文段的全部意思，来帮助我们理解段落大意。) After the topic sentence comes more detail and explanation.(当“主题语句”出现后，该段的一些解释和细节也就会随之出现。)
Unit 8 Why don't you get her a scarf?
重点语法：询问别人为什么要做或者不做某事
why don't you do sth. = why not do sth.
例句：Why don't you get her a camera? = Why not get her a camera?
what about = how about
例句：How about some tennis balls? = What about some tennis balls?
重点短语：fall asleep 入睡
give away 赠送；分发
hear of = hear about 听说
take an interest in = be interested in 对……感兴趣
make friends with 与……交友
make progress 取得进步
keep → kept → kept 动词 keep 的原形、过去式和过去分词
feed → fed → fed 动词 feed 的原形、过去式和过去分词
fall → fell → fallen 动词 fall 的原形、过去式和过去分词
hear → heard → heard 动词 hear 的原形、过去式和过去分词
Reading Strategy(阅读方法)
To understand the important ideas from the text, we must "summarize".(为了了解文段最主要的意图，我们必须要进行总结。) Do this by answering "who, what, where, why" questions as you read.(在阅读时，常注意回答时间、地点、人物这些基本要素问题，达到总结的目的。)
Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement?
重点语法：现在完成时态
do/does 的现在完成时态形式：(have/has) done
do/does 的现在完成时态的被动语态：(have/has) been done
现在完成时态主要强调过去发生的事情对现在的影响。
例句：我去年去过美国，那是我第一次出国。
I have ever been to America. It's the first time for me to go abroad.
重点短语：have a great time = have a good time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得高兴
on board 在船上
end up doing sth. 结束做某事
all year round = all over the year 终年
understand → understood → understood 动词 understand 的原形、过去式和过去分词
Reading Strategy(阅读方法)
After reading, write down three or more things you have learned. (在阅读整篇文章之后，把你学到的三样或更多事物写下来。)We always remember things better if we take time to reflect. (如果我们花时间去思考一些问题的话，那么我们就能更容易地记住一些事情。)
Unit 10 It's a nice day, isn't it?
重点语法：反意疑问句
反意疑问句由肯定陈述句加否定问句构成，或者由否定陈述句加肯定问句构成。
例句：He's a student, isn't he?
She's not his mother, is she?
回答反意疑问句时，要根据事实来回答。若事实是肯定的，则必须用 yes 回答。若事实是否定的，则必须用 no 回答。
例句：你还没有准备好，对吧？
You're not ready, are you?
是的，我没有准备好。
No, I'm not.
不，我准备好了。
Yes, I am.
重点短语：look through 浏览
come along 出现；发生
get along 相处
at least 至少
at most 至多
a thank-you note 感谢信
forget → forgot → forgotten 动词 forget 的原形、过去式和过去分词
little → less → least 形容词 little 的原级、比较级和最高级
many/much → more → most 形容词 many/much 的原级、比较级和最高级
更多语法知识点请参见书后附录的 Grammar (语法) 章节。
Ⅳ 初中八年级英语所有语法
现在完成时
1.构成
现在完成时是由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。
2.用法
（1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just, already, yet 等副词修饰。常与非延续性动词连用。 如：
-Have you had lunch yet? -Yes, I have. I've just had it. 你（已经）吃午饭了吗？ 我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）
（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常用延续性动词，常带有for和since（自从）等表示一段时间的状语。
如：He has taught here since 1981. 他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教）
I haven't seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。
(3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。
如： I have been to Beijing twice. 我去过北京二次。
3．结构
1）陈述句结构：主语＋have( has)（not）+过去分词＋其它。have not=haven’t has not= hasn’t.
2) 一般疑问句结构：Have( Has )＋主语＋过去分词＋其它？
3) 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋have(has) +主语+ 过去分词＋其它？
e.g. He has already finished his homework.
He hasn’t finished his homework yet.
Has he finished his homework yet? --Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t. / No, not yet.
4.现在完成时的时间状语
1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如: yesterday, last Sunday, in1990, three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。
a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和 疑问句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。
They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。
b. 用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗？
-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。 c. 用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just（刚刚）, before（以前）, up to now（直到现在）/ until now, in the past (few years/ three days 等), so far (迄今为止) recently 等。 例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。
He has been there three times the last few days. 近几年他去过那里三次了。 d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：today, this morning (month ,year, term等.例如：-Have you met him today? - No, I haven't. 今天你见过他吗？我没有。
How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去过那里多少次？
2） 现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：I haven't seen him for two years. 但是，像come, arrive, buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be（在）”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：
arrive → be here begin (start) → be on die →be dead come back → be back leave → be away fall ill (sick, asleep) → be ill (sick, asleep) go out →be out finish →be over put on →wear 或be on get up →be up join →be in / be a member of… open → be open close →be closed go to school→ be a student borrow →keep buy →have catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) get to know →know begin to study → study come to work→ work
如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。或He has been in the army for there years. 不可以说He has joined the army for there years.
His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。（不可以说has died）
The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。（不可以说has begun）
We have studied English for three years. （不可以说have begun） 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。
5. 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较：
I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到）
I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）
6.几点注意事项 （1）have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：have been(to) 表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；have gone(to) 表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第 三人称，前者可与once ,never, several times等连用，后者则不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。 He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。 （2）“It is或has been + 一段时间+ since引导的时间状语从句”表示“某人干某事已经多长时间了”。since从句的谓语要用非延续性动词 若动词延续，则译成相反的意思。如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。 It is two years since his father lived here. 他爸爸不住这儿已有三年了。 （3）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。 （4）.提问for短语或since状语用how long。
(5).完成时的否定形式与比较级连用表达最高级含义。如：
I have never seen a better film.我从未看过一部更好的电影。（这部最好）
注：否定式与比较级连用表示最高级含义不一定用于完成时态。如：
--- What about going fishing? --- I can’t agree more.(我再同意不过了哦)
.语法—直接引语变间接引语（多数情况下变为宾语 从句）
(1). 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that 引导（口语中可以省略引导词）宾语从句。把下列句子变为间接引语或直接引语：
a. “I’ll visit my aunt tomorrow.” Lily said. ____________________________.
b. Our teacher often say to us,” It’s important to finish your homework.”
_______________________________________________________
c. They said they would meet at 9:00 p.m. that night.
“_______________________________________.”they said.
d. Lana said that she wasn’t mad at Marcia anymore.
Lana said’”_______________________________.”
(2). 直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，变为由连词if 或whether引导的宾语从句。把下列句子变为间接引语或直接引语：
a. “Will you have a surprise party for me?” he asked me.
_______________________________________________
b. She asked Tom,” Can you help me?” ___________________________ c. He asked me if I knew who killed the cat.
He asked ，”__________________________________?”
(3). 直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，疑问词不变，宾语从句用陈述语序。把下列句子变为间接引语或直接引语：
a. The teacher asked,” Why are all the windows open?”
______________________________________________.
b. “When will you find out the time?” she asked me.
______________________________________________.
c. “What’s the matter with you, Alice?” he asked.
_____________________________________
d. They asked me where my friends were.
____________________________________________
(4).直接引语如果是肯定型祈使句，变为间接引语时，谓语变为tell sb. to do 或ask sb. to do 等句式。把下列句子变为间接引语或直接引语：
a. “Make sure the door is closed，” she said to her little son.
____________________________________________________.
b. “Tell me the news, please.” Li Hui said to me.
____________________________________________________.
c. He asked me to take care of his pet dog.
“_______________________________，” he said to me.
(5).直接引语如果是否定型祈使句，变为间接引语时，谓语变为tell sb.not to do 或ask sb. not to do等。把下列句子变为间接引语或直接引语：a. “Don’t smoke in the room,” he said to me.
________________________________________________.
b. “Don’t shout at the old man,” I said to him.________________________
c. Our teacher told us not to talk in class.
“____________________________, “ our teacher said to us.
d. My mother told me ___ others when they are in trouble.
A. not to laugh at B. don’t laugh at C. not laugh at D. never laugh at
2. if 条件句 在一般将来时的句子里（指主句），时间状语从句、条件状语从句等的谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时。当主句含有情态动词或主句为祈使句时，从句也用一般现在时。如：You must pay for it if you lose it.
附加疑问句
附加疑问句由“陈述句 + 附加疑问句”两部分构成。一般有两种形式：前肯后否或前否后肯。对附加疑问部分应注意以下几点： 1）主语只能用人称代词；2）附加疑问句的not必须与（be /助/情）缩写；3）附加疑问句的时态必须与陈述部分的时态一致。
Tom is a worker, isn’t Tom? (改错) _______ You can swim, can not you? ( 改错) ______
特别注意以下几种反意疑问句
1.陈述部分含否定意味的词如few,little,never,nothing,nobody,no,hardly,none,seldom等时，附加疑问句应使用肯定形式；但如果陈述句部分含有un-, in-, im-, dis-等否定前缀构成的派生词时，该陈述句部分仍做肯定处理，疑问部分用否定形式。
He hardly speaks English, does he? They are unhappy, aren’t they?
2. this/that作主语时，无论是否指人，疑问部分用it；these/those用they。
This is your brother, isn’t it? Those are books,_______________?
3.陈述部分的主语如果是one, 疑问部分主语用one或he。One can’t be always young, can one/ he?
4.陈述部分的主语是everything, something, nothing, anything时，附加疑问句的主语应用it；陈述部分的主语是everybody, somebody, nobody, everyone, no one时，附加疑问句的主语应用they或he。
Everything is ready, ___________? Everyone is here, ____________?
5.陈述部分是祈使句时，附加疑问句一般用：will you? 但注意：
Let’s…（包括听者在内）, 附加疑问句一般用shall we? Let us/him/me …（不包括听者在内）， 附加疑问句一般用will you? Let’s go for a walk, shall we? Let him come in, will you?
6.陈述部分是there be结构时，应用be there?结构来完成。 There’s little water, _________？
7..陈述部分含that引导的宾语从句时，疑问部分通常与主句一致。但当主句陈述部分是”I / We think (believe, suppose) +宾语从句”时，附加问句应与从句一致。I’m sure + 宾语从句也是如此
1).She said I did it, _________? 2)We don’t think you are right，________?
3) I’m sure you’ll help me, ____________?
8.如果陈述部分是I am… , 附加疑问部分为aren’t I? I am older than you, __________?
9.陈述部分含had better, would like时， 疑问部分分别用hadn’t…?和wouldn’t…? You’d better go out , _______________? You’d like to go there, ____________________?
10.陈述部分是感叹句，附加问句的人称代词应与主语一致，疑问部分用否定形式。 What a kind girl, isn’t she? What a fine day, ___________?
11.the+形容词表示一类人，其附加疑问句主语用复数代词。 The poor had no right to speak at that time, did they?
12. 由neither…nor，either… or ， not only…but also ， both…and ， not…but，…or…， …and…等连接的并列主语，附加疑问部分用复数。
Neither you nor I am wrong, are we? Both Jack and Tom went there, didn’t they?
13.当陈述部分含有have to时，附加疑问部分的助动词应根据have 的变化，分别用don’t， doesn’t， didn’t。 He has to take your advice, doesn’t he?
14.当陈述部分的主语是从句、不定式、动名词或词组时，附加疑问部分的主语通常用it。 What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it? Swimming in rivers is a good sport, _____________?
15.当陈述部分含有wish时，附加疑问部分的助动词用may。I wish to use your computer, may I?
16. 当陈述部分的谓语是“used to+动词原形（过去常常干某事）”时，疑问部分用“didn’t+主语”或“usedn’t +主语”。 He used to live in London, didn’t he? / usedn’t he?