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初一上学期英语每一课语法

发布时间:2021-01-15 05:39:54

『壹』 初中一年级英语上册从第几课开始讲语法

语法是穿插在课文里的,除了预备的前3课,正式的课文的第一课就开始有了。叫做语法聚焦。我说的是人教版的教材。

『贰』 苏教版初一下学期英语课本上的语法重点

初一下语法总结网站http://www.docin.com/p-159919586.html
1.How do you do?第一次见面
---How do you do
2.It's great to do sth
3.what about ----n/doing
4.play the guitar/violin/piano
5.make sb do sth 使某人做某事
let sb do sth 让某人做某事
6.like/love/enjoy/hate doing sth
7.if+一般现在时.剩下部分一般将来时(will)
8.When someone is in trouble we mustn't laugh at him.
9.It's the +n beginning of a new term.
三种时态:
一般过去时态
Be动词过去式的句式。
否定句是在was/were后面加not, was not=wasn’t/were not=weren’t。
一般疑问句是把was/were提前并放到句首,要求首字母要大写。
实义动词过去式的句式:
肯定式:主语+动词故去式+其它。如,They had a good time yesterday.
否定式:主语+did not+动词原形+其他。如,They didn’t have a good time yesterday.
一般疑问句:Did+主语+动词原形+其它?肯定回答:Yes,主语+did. 否定回答:No,主语+didn’t.如,Did they have a meeting two days ago? Yes, they did. No, they didn’t.
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他?如,What time did you finish your homework?
一般现在时态
当主语是第三人称单数时,肯定句为:主语+动词的s形式+宾语
否定句为:主语+助动词doesn't+动词原形+宾语
疑问句为:Does+主语+动词原形+宾语
肯定回答和否定回答也要使用助动词does.
注:第三人称单数用了 does 后面就不用动词的s形式了,而用动词原形.
动词的一般现在时态, 除了第三人称单数(he she it) 外,其余都用动词原形。当主语是其他人称时,肯定句为:主语+动词原形+宾语
否定句为:主语+助动词don't+动词原形+宾语
疑问句为:Do+主语+动词原形+宾语
肯定回答和否定回答也要使用助动词do.
注:变为疑问句,要在句首加"do" ; 变为否定句, 要在动词前面加"do not", 可以简写为 "don't".
知识点:
1.现在进行时的主要结构
用来表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行的动作和用来表示当前的活动或现极端一直在进行着的动作。
在其句子中一般都会有两个词与时态有关:1)表示时间的状语2)动词的相应变化。如,I’m reading a book now.在这个句子中,时间状语now,决定了时态为现在进行时,而动词am reading也体现了现在进行时。
肯定句:主语+be+v.ing+…
否定句:主语+be+v.ing+…
疑问句:Be+主语+ving?
特殊疑问句+be+主语+ving?
2.ving形式的构成
1)直接在动词原形末尾加-ing,如play-playing
2)以不发音字母e结尾的动词,去e再加-ing,如have-having
3)以重读闭音节结尾的单词,结尾只有一个辅音字母,应双写这个字母,再加-ing。如,begin-beginning。
望采纳

『叁』 现在初一年级英语课主要学什么单词,句子,重点是语法,最好有教科

七年级上册英语词组归纳
1.Good morning 2.Good afternoon 3. Goodevening 4.in English 5.an orange 6.spell it
7.what color 8.a red cup 9. his blue ruler10.her yellow key 11. my name 12.his name
13. her name 14.telephone number 15.firstname 16.last name 17.my friend 18.in China
19.in my family 20.her father 21.have a goodday 22.his parents 23.two photos of my family
24.in the first photo 25.in the next picture26.these two girls 27.the name of my dog 28.excuse me
29.what about 30.thanks...for. 31.in theschool library 32.ask...for 33.call...at. 34.school ID card
35.a computer game 36.on the sofa 37. underthe chair 38.in your schoolbag 39.under the table
40.in my grandparents’ room 41.on your head42.tape player 43.model plane 44.under the radio
45.ping-pong bat 46.be late 47.let sb do48.That sounds good. 49 play volleyball 50. watch TV
51.play basketball 52.in the same school53.play..with 54.do sports 55.after class 56.think about
57.next week 58.some fruit 59.get salad60.ask...about 61.eating habits 62.the volleyball star
63.like...for breakfast/lunch/dinner 64.whatfruit 65.one last question 66.be fat 67.want to do sth
68.healthy food 69.forbreakfast/lunch/dinner 70.how much 71.a sweater for school 72.two dollars
for one pair 73. a pair of /two pairs of 74.clothes store 75. at our great sale 76. at very good prices
77.skirts in purple 78.Happy birthday .79.how old 80. in August 81. on May 1st 82. come to my
birthday party 83.at three p.m 84.Englishtest 85.school trip 86.School Day 87.book sale 88.
English Day 89.art festival 90.Sports Day91.soccer game 92.this term 93. my favorite subject
94. on Monday 95.the next day 96. for sure97.from...to 98.have an art lesson 99.on Friday
afternoon 100.your math class
七年级英语上册知识语法总汇
Starters units1—3
1. ---What’s this in English? ---It’s anorange. (其中 what’s = _______ ____; it’s =____ ___) the key? --- --- red. (其中they’re = ______________)
3. ① a或an
a用在以辅音音素开头的词前,如a book; an用在以元音音素开头的字母前,如an apple. ② the表示某个或某些特定的人或事物,也可以指上文提到过的人或事物。
如:This is a cat. The cat is white.It's an English book. The book is yellow and green. 注意:一个f ____f (类似的字母还有h, l, m, n, r, s, x) 一个u _____u
Unit 1
1.我姓格林。你姓布朗吗? My last name is Green. _____ _______ _______ _______ Brown?
2. first name 名字 = given name last name 姓氏 = family name anID card 一张身份证
3. phone number 电话号码 = telephone number 4. name’s = name is I’m = I am
5. 我____ 你____ 他 _____ 她 ____ 他的 ____ 她的 ____ 你的_____我的___
Unit 2
1. isn’t = _____ _____ ; aren’t = _____________ 不是 2. play computer games玩电脑游戏
3. call sb.at+ 电话号码 拨(某电话号码)找某人 4. excuse me 请原谅,打扰了
5. a set of keys 一串钥匙 6. How do you spell (it 为宾格) 你怎么拼读它呢?
7. Is this/ that your dictionary? 这/那是你的字典吗? 答:Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t.
8. Thank you very much. 答:You’re welcome. (不用谢)
Unit 3
1. these’re = ______ _____ those’re = __________ that’s = _____ ____ 注意:this is _____缩写
2. thanks for +动词ing 为„感谢 Thanks forme.=Thanks for your help.感谢你的帮助。
3. a photo 你的全家福照片
4. 比较:这是你的信。 es. 这是那些手表。 Unit 4
1. under the chair /on the floor在椅子下/在地板上 in the room 在房间里
2. take ―带走‖,从近处带到远处如:Please take these books to Mary. 请把这些书带给玛丽。 bring ―带来‖,从远处带来 如:Pleasesome books.请给我带些书来。
3. need + 某人或某物. ―需要…‖ 如:She needsthese books. 她需要这些书。
4. 比较:thebaseball? ies?
--- ---5. I know. 我知道。否定句:I don’t know. 我不知道。 一般疑问句:Do youknow? 你知道吗?
6. Can you bring some things to school ? 你能带一些东西来学校吗?答:Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.
Unit 5
1. 球类运动前不用the,如:play volleyball/ basketball every day 每天打排球/篮球
2. play sports做运动,参加体育比赛 = do sports sports collection体育收藏 sportsclub 体育俱乐部
3. watch TV 看电视 watch them on TV 在电视上观看它们
4. Let + 代词的宾格 + 动词原形 “让某人做„„”
如:Let’s ( = ______ _______) go. 让我们走吧。 Let me see. 让我看看。
5. have (第三人称单数形式)_____ do (三单) _____ they (宾格)______us(主格)______
7. 比较good 和well :That sounds good. 那听起来不错。 He can play chess well. 他下棋下得好。
8. 比较:---Dothey have a computer? ---Does he have a soccer ball?
---Yes, they do. / No, they don’t. ---Yes,he does. / No, he doesn’t.
Unit 6
1. have … for breakfast/ lunch/ dinner 早餐/ 午餐/ 晚餐吃„„
2. healthy food健康食品
4. good(adj. 好的)& well(adv. 好)The good runner eats well.这个优秀的运动员吃得好。
5. 名词所有格:① 一般加 ’s;以 s 结尾的(特别是名词复数),在 s 后加 ’ 如:
Sally’s address 莎莉的地址 the teachers’ room 老师们的房间 three hours’class 三小时的课
② Mary and Linda's desk 玛丽和琳达的课桌(两个人共有的课桌,desk用单数)
Mary's and Linda's birthdays 玛丽的生日和琳达的生日(各自的生日,birthday用复数)
③ …of + 名词 (无生命的物体) 如:the color of the sweater a photo of yourfamily
Unit 7
1. How much is this sweater? = 这件毛衣多少钱一件。
2. at a very good price 以优惠的价格 on sale 廉价出售;出售 great sale 大减价
3. T-shirts 黑色的T恤衫 钱的数量钱的数量 以……(具体的)价格 我们以15美元出售黑蓝色的帽子。
同义句:We sell black and blue hats atthe price of $15.
5. Here you are. 给你。 6. You're welcome. 不客气。
Unit 8
1. date of birth 出生日期 =birthday 2. how old 几岁,多大年纪
3. I’m twelve. = I am twelve years old. 我十二岁。
4. ① on + 具体某一天或具体某一天的早、中、晚 如:on Sunday on January 2nd 在1月2号
on the morning 在十月一号的早晨 on Monday evening 在星期一晚上
② in + 时间段 如:inthe morning / afternoon / evening在早晨/中午/晚上
in a year / month/ week在一年/月/周里 in April在四月里 in 2011 在2011年 ③ at+ 几点,例如: at 8:00 at noon/ night在正午/夜里
5. 特殊疑问词:what(什么),how(怎么样,如何),where(在哪里),when(何时),who
(谁),what time (几点),how much(多少+不可数名词;多少钱),how many (多少
+可数名词)
Unit 9 她最喜欢的学科是科学。
2. on Wednesday 在星期三 3. after class 课后 after school 放学后
4. play with 和„玩耍 5. 对星期几提问:What day is ittoday? 对日期提问: What’s the date today?
否定句:The students don’t go toschool every day.
一般疑问句:Do the students go to schoolevery day? 回答:Yes, they do. / No, they don’t.
否定句:Mary doesn’t do homework at20:00.
一般疑问句:Does Mary do homework at20:00? 回答:Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t.
七年级上册英语词汇专练
一 用所给词的适当形式填空
1. What’s _______(you) name?
2 .Nice to _______(meet) you.
3. ______(I) name is Gina.
4. 1 _______(he) name is Jim.
5._______(be) you Mary?
6. What ________(be) her name?
7. Hello! I ___________(be) Alan.
8.. Here are two ______ (picture).
9.. Is _____ (these) your eraser?
10.. _______ (that) are my brothers.
11.. ______ (Her) isn’t Susan. Her name isMary.
12. Lin Hai and Guo Peng are my ______(friend).
13. My name _________(be) Jenny. 51. He eatstwo _______ (egg) for breakfast.
14.. Barry ______(like) fruit salad.
15.. Here are some _______(tomato).
16.. They eat _____ (good) and they arehealthy.
17.. He is a good _______ (run).
18..Thereare some ________(tomato)in thebasket.
19..Do youlike French ________(fry)?
20..She________(have)ice cream fordessert.
21..________(health)food is important.
22.She________(do not)play sports.
23..________your mother ________(watch)TVevery day?
24..Thelittle girl likes ________(strawberry)a lot.
25.Lots ofchildren(孩子) like ________(play)football.
26.Chicken________(be)very delicious.
27.Mydaughter ________(run)eveningmorning.
28.He wants ________ (swim) in the pool.

『肆』 初一英语知识点总结

一.短语

1.go on vacation go to summer camp stay at home

study for exams Central Park show sth to sb

.help him find his father walk back to… go shopping

the Palace Museum think of have fun doing sth

.bus trip the Great Wall Tian’an Men Square

.a Beijing Hutong make sb do sth

.decide to do sth all day

二.重点句子和注意事项

1.Where did you go on vacation? I went to summer camp.

Where did they go on vacation? They went to New York City.

Where did he go on vacation? He stayed at home.

Where did she go on vacation? She visited her uncle.

2. Did you/he/she/they go to Central Park?

Yes, I/he/she/they did.

No, I/he/she/they didn’t.

3. How were the movies? They were fantastic

4. have fun doing something 干某事有乐趣

= enjoy oneself doing something

We have fun learning and speaking English .

We enjoy ourselves learning and speaking English .

我们学英语有很多乐趣 .

5. find sb. doing sth. 发现某人在干某事 find sb. do sth. 发现某人干过某事

I find him reading the novel (小说).

I found him go into the room .

6. corner 角落,角,拐角处

in the corner 在角落里(指在建筑物里面)

at the corner 在拐角处(指在建筑物外面或道路的拐角)

My bike is at the corner .

7. be lost 迷路了=get lost , lost (adj.)

The girl was lost in the big city .

8. help sb. (to) do sth.=help sb for sth 帮助某人干某事

He always helps us learn English

9. make sb. do sth. 让/使某人干某事 let / have sb. do sth. do前不带to

The movie makes me relaxing .

Let the boy do his homework alone .

10. feel+ adj. 感到...

I feel hungry / tired /happy / excited

11. decide to do sth. 决定干某事

They decided to go to Hainan on vacation .

Uint 11 What do you think of game shows?

一. 词组

1.. TV shows(电视节目)

soap opera sitcom a comedy an action movie a documentary a thriller cartoon Beijing Opera

Animal World Tell it like it is Law Today game show

CCTV News News in 30 Minutes Man and Nature

Chinese Cooking Around China talk show Lucky52

Sports news sports show Culture China

2. write an article for the school magazine.给学校杂志写一篇文章
3. a thirteen - year - old boy.一个十三岁的男孩
4. wear colorful clothes.穿着颜色鲜艳的衣服
5. interview sb. 采访某人 in fact. 实际上
6. wear scarves. 戴着围巾 think of 想起,考虑到
二.重点句型

1. What do you think of soap operas? I can't stand them.
2. What do you think of sports shows? I don't mind them.
3. What does she think of "Hilltop High"? She doesn't like it.
4. What does Tony think of Tommy? He likes him.
5. What do they think of Amanda? They love her.
三.重难点解析
1. wear (v. 动词) "穿,戴,佩"。根据不同宾语,翻译不同的汉语意思。
wear earrings 戴耳环 wear a dress 穿连衣裙wear a watch 戴手表
wear a beard 蓄胡子wear long hair 留长发
2. think "想,考虑,思索"(v. 动词)可以和许多介词搭配,组成新的意思。
A:think of "考虑";"有...的看法",有时等于think about.
What does he think of Beijing Opera?他对京剧有什么看法?
My mother always thinks of everything!我妈妈总是想到所有的东西。
think highly of sb. /sth. 对某人或某物评价甚高
Mr Black thinks highly of his son. 布莱克先生对他儿子评价甚高。
B:think about "考虑"(指计划,观念,看它是否相宜、可行)
He is thinking about going to China.他正在考虑去中国。
3. too与either的区别
too"也",表示肯定意义,与肯定的表达方法连用;而either"也不",表示否定意义,与否定的表达方法连用。
(1)—My brother likes to play soccer.我哥哥喜欢踢足球。—I do, too.我也是(喜欢)。
(2)—My brother doesn't like to play soccer.我哥哥不喜欢踢足球。—I don't, either.
我也不喜欢。
also也可以表示"也",但一般情况下,too和either放在句子之后,also放在动词之前。
We also love talk shows.我们也喜欢访谈节目。
4. a thirteen - year - old boy 一个十三岁的男孩
此结构中,year用单数形式,且用连字符,这种结构用作定语。
a five - month - old baby 一个五个月大的婴儿
5. enjoy (v. 喜爱,享受)
enjoy后面接名词、代词或动名词,注意与like/ love用法的区别。like/ love还可以接动词不定式(to do)。
I enjoy the soap operas.我喜爱肥皂剧。
I enjoy watching the soap operas.我喜爱看肥皂剧。
但我们不能说:I enjoy to watch the soap operas.
只能说:I like / love to watch the soap operas.
6. mind 表示"介意,反对"的意思时,通常用在疑问句、否定句中。
Would you mind opening the window?请你打开窗子好不好?
He doesn't mind the cold weather at all.他一点都不在乎寒冷的天气。
多用于以下句型:(表示请求或征求意见)后接动名词/名词/代词。
Would you mind (doing) ...?Do you mind (doing) ...?
7. stand 表示忍受(多用于否定句、疑问句)
He can't stand the hot weather.他忍受不了炎热的天气。
Can you stand the pain?你忍受得了疼吗?
9. What do you think of ...? 你认为...怎么样?(谈论对某事物的喜好程度)可选择的回答有:
(1)I like it.
(2)I don't mind it.
(3)I don't like it.
(4)I can't stand it.
(5)I like it very much.
(6)I love it.
(7)It's beautiful.

(8)They're fantastic

Unit 12 Don't eat in class.
一.短语.

1. in class 在课上 2. on school nights 在上学的晚上 3. school rules 校规
4. no talking 禁止交谈 5. listen to music 听音乐 6. have to 不得不
7. take my dog for a walk 带狗去散步 8. eat outside 在外面吃饭9. in the hallway 在走廊上 10. wear a uniform 穿制服 11. arrive late for class 上学迟到 12. after school 放学后 17. be in bed 在床上 13. practice the guitar 练习弹吉它 14. in the cafeteria 在自助食堂里15. meet my friends 和我朋友见面 16. by ten o'clock.十点之前 18. the Children's Palace 少年宫 19. help my mom make dinner 帮助我妈做饭
二.重点句型
1.Don’t arrive late for school=Don’t be late for school

2.Don’t fight =

3.Don’t listen to music in the classroom.

4.Don’t run in the hallways

5.Don’t smoke .It’s bad for your health.

6.Don’t play cards in school

7.Don’t talk in class

8.Don’t watch TV on school nights.

9.Don’t sleep in class.

10.Don’t play sports in the classrooms.

11.Don’t sing songs at night.

12.Don’t talk when you eat.

13.Don’t wear hats in class.

14.Do homework by 10:00.

15.Clean your house!

16.Make the bed.

17.Can we ……? Yes ,we can . No, we can’t.

Eg:Can we arrive late for class ?

No, we can’t. We can’t arrive late for class.

18.Do you have to wash your clothes? Yes, I do./No, I don’t.

三. 重难点解析:
1. 情态动词have to 的用法,意思是"必须、不得不",它侧重于客观上的必要和外界的权威。(1)结构:主语+have to+动词原形+其他
(一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数时,用has to;句子是过去时,用had to.)如: We have to wear sneakers for gym class. 在体育课上,我们必须穿运动鞋。Tom has to practice the guitar every day. 汤姆每天必须练习弹吉它。I had to get up at 5:00 am last Monday. 上周一,我不得不早上5点起床。

(2)否定形式:主语+don't have to+动词原形+其他
(一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数时,用doesn't have to. 句子是过去时,用didn't have to)
如:Nick doesn't have to wear a uniform. 尼克不必穿制服。We didn't have to do our homework at once. 我们不必马上完成作业。
(3)疑问句:Do (Does或Did)+主语+have to +动词原形+其他
如:Do you have to stay at home on weekends? 周末你必须呆在家里吗?Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
是的,我必须。不,我不必。Did he have to go to bed by 11:00 last night? 昨晚,他不得不11点前上床睡觉吗?
2. 情态动词can的用法
(1)表示能力,"会""能"(在第一册中已经学习这种用法)
Can you play the guitar? 你会弹吉它吗?Judy can speak a little Chinese. 朱蒂会说一点中文。I can dance and sing. 我能唱歌又能跳舞。
(2)表示允许、许可,"可以"、"能"(在这一课中新学的词义)
Can the students run in the hallways? 学生们可以在走廊上跑吗?We can eat outside. 我们可以在外面吃东西。Can I come in? 我能进来吗?
注意 同样是情态动词,can 和have to 的用法是有区别的,和大部分情态动词一样,can在否定句中,直接在can后加上not,在疑问句中,把can放到主语前面,并且没有人称和数的变化。
3. hear,listen和sound都有"听"的意思,但三者是有区别的。
(1)hear"听说",侧重于"听"的内容
I'm sorry to hear that you are ill. 听说你生病了,我很难过。
I never heard such an interesting story. 我从来没听过这么有趣的一个故事。
(2)listen"听"侧重于"听"这一动作。Listen to me carefully. 认真听我说。
The children like to listen to music. 孩子们喜欢听音乐。
(3)sound"听起来",它是系动词,后面接形容词等。That sounds great. 那听起来真不错。
It sounds like fun. 听起来挺有趣。
4. be in bed "在床上、卧床"in 和bed之间不能用冠词,bed也不用复数。
He is in bed for 10 years. 他卧床10年了。Dave has to be in bed early every night.大卫每晚必须很早睡觉。
5. arrive late for 与be late for 意思相近,"迟到"Don't arrive (be)late for school. 上学别迟到。I arrived (was)late for the meeting yesterday. 我昨天开会迟到了。
6. No talking ! "禁止交谈!"no后面加上名词或动名词(doing)也表示不要做某事。与don't +do的用法相似。No wet umbrellas! / Don't put wet umbrellas here! 禁止放湿雨伞!
No food! Don't eat food here! 禁止吃食物!No smoking! Don't smoke here! 禁止吸烟!
7.语法(祈使句)
祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、号召或者劝告等的句子,这类句子的主语常是第二人称you,也就是听话者,因而you常省去了。祈使句的开头是动词原形。
如:Look out! 小心!Wait here for me! 在这等我!
Be sure to come here on time! 务必准时来到这里!
祈使句的否定形式多以do not(常缩写成don't)开头,再加上动词原形。
Don't arrive late for school. 上学别迟到。
Don't fight! 别打架!
Don't look out of the window. 不要向窗外看。

一定选我哦~~~~~~~~~~~
一定选我哦~~~~~~~~~~~
一定选我哦~~~~~~~~~~~

『伍』 如何上初一语法课

初一的语法课要结合语境,让学生大量练习,让语法的形式让学生通过练习中体会总结,这样有利于于他们形成正确的观念和概念,有利于学生很好地掌握语法。

『陆』 义务教育课程标准实验教科书七年级上英语语法、句型和短语归纳

Period One(七年级上Units 1-12)

一、大纲要求

词汇

单词
what, name, your, this, pen, that, how, thank, parent, brother, these, those, where, take, under, on, in, have, play, basketball, many, interesting, let, like, tomato, shoes, help, months of the year, guitar, shower, usually, favorite, days of the week

短语
do homework, go to bed, thanks for, get to

句型

重点句型
What’s…name? Where’s…? Do you like…? Can you…? Do you have…?
When do you…?

交际用语
Hello! Hi! Nice to meet you!

二、重点解析
单词:
1. have
have是英语中一个非常重要的动词,它在不同的词组中,具有不同的含义,现将其用法简要归纳如下:
(1) 作“有”讲时,强调“所属关系”,表示“拥有”的意思。其主语常为人或物。eg:
My father has a new computer. 我爸爸有一台新电脑。
I have many story books. 我有许多故事书。
(2) “have + 表示一日三餐的名词”,意为“吃、用餐”。 eg:
I have breakfast at seven every morning. 我每天早上七点钟吃早饭。
(3) “have + 表示食品、饮料等名词”,意为“吃、喝”。eg:
I have some bread for breakfast every day. 我每天早餐吃些面包。
Please have a cup of tea. 请喝杯茶。
(4) “have + 表示动作的名词”,没有固定的意思,常与表示动作的动词同义。eg:
have a rest 休息一下 have a swim 游泳 have a look(at…)(朝……)看一眼
have a drink (of …) 喝一点(……)
(5) “have + 表示某种活动的名词”, 意为“进行、举行”。eg:
have a class 上课 have a birthday party 举行生日聚会
2. start
start 动词,意思是“开始,出发”,可用于start to do sth. 和start doing sth.结构中。eg:
School starts at eight o'clock. 8点钟开始上课。
I start to watch TV. 我开始看电视。
They start singing. 他们开始唱歌。
3. usually
usually, sometimes, always, often 等词在英语中被称为“频度副词”,是用来表示动作或状态的
频率。使用时位置如下:
(1)放在be动词之后。eg:
He is often late for school. 他上学经常迟到。
(2)放在行为动词之前。eg:
She always does her work well. 她总是把工作做得很好。
(3)放在情态动词或助动词之后。eg:
What time do you usually get up?
(4)sometimes 的位置较灵活,可放在句首,也可放在句中,有时还可放在句尾。eg:
Sometimes he goes to school on foot. 有时他步行去上学。
I sometimes go to see my uncle on Saturday. 我有时在星期六去看我的叔叔。
词语辨析:
1. each &every
each 代词,意为“每个”,可作主语、宾语、同位语和定语,强调个体。而every 是形容词,意思为“每,每个”,只能作定语,强调全体或全部。eg:
Each of the girls has a banana. 每个女孩都有一个香蕉。(此句不能用every替换each)
Give the boys two apples each. 给每个男孩两个苹果。(此句不能用every替换each)
Each boy has a sweater. 每个男孩都有一件毛衣。
Every boy has a T-shirt. 每个男孩都有一件T恤衫。
2. look ( look at)& see
两者汉语中的意思相近,都有“看”的意思。但英语中两词的用法截然不同。look表示“看”的过程,并不表明“看到”。而且look是不及物动词,如果表示“看某物(人)”,look后要加介词at;而see指“看到”,表示“结果”。eg:
Look at the blackboard! 看黑板!(look只表示“看”,并不一定“看到”)
What can you see on the blackboard? 你在黑板上能看到什么?
(see表示“看到”,即 “看的结果”)
3. too, also& either
三者都表示“也”,但在使用的时候too 和also一般用于肯定的陈述句和疑问句中,其中too放在句末,前面多用逗号隔开;also放在be动词、助动词或情态动词之后,实义动词之前。either 一般放在否定句的句末。 eg:
I like comedies, too.=I also like comedies. 我也喜欢喜剧。
Ann doesn't like thrillers and I don't like them either. 安不喜欢恐怖片,我也不喜欢。
句型:
1. —What’s your name? 你叫什么名字?
—My name is Jenny. 我叫詹妮。
(1) 询问别人姓名,更委婉礼貌的说法有:My I know your name? Can I have your name?
Will you please tell me your name?
回答姓名可直接说:I’m Jenny.
(2) 动词be变化表
原形

现在式过去式
过去分词

现在分词

be

am/is→was
are→were
been

being

2. What’s this in English? 这个用英语怎么说?
其他几种不同的表达方式:What’s this called in English? What’s the English for this?
Can you say it in English?
[注]in 在该句中为介词,表示“用……方式”。
3. It’s under the bed. 它在床下面。
under prep. 在……之上
(1)under 表示在某物垂直的正下方,两者之间不接触。 eg:
The cat is under the table. 猫在床子底下。
(2)on 表示在某物的上面,但两者可互相接触。 eg:
The book is on the desk. 书在桌子上。
(3)in 表示“在……内部,在……里面”。eg:
They are in the office. 他们在办公室里。
(4)near 表示在某物的附近,意为“接近,靠近” eg:
My house is near a bookstore. 我家在一个书店附近。
(5)behind 表示在某物体的后面。 eg:
Li Ming is behind me. 李明在我后面。
4. Do you like hamburgers? 你喜欢汉堡包吗?
(1) like v. 喜欢
① like sb./sth. eg:
I like the book. 我喜欢这本书。
② like to do sth. 表示目前一时爱好做某事。 eg:
I like to play volleyball. 我想去玩排球。
③ like doing sth. 表示习惯上喜欢做某事。 eg:
I like dancing. 我喜欢跳舞。
(2) like 作介词,表示“像”,与look 或be 连用。 eg:
He looks like his father. 他长得像他爸爸。
She is like an English girl. 她像个英国女孩。
Do it like this. 照这样做。
5. OK, I’ll take it. 好吧,那我把他带走了。
take v. 拿,取
(1) It takes sb. some time to do sth. 干某事花费某人多少时间 eg:
It took him an hour to get there. 他花了一个小时才到那儿。
(2) take out 带出(人),邀请,取出(物) eg:
I’m taking the children out to the movies tonight. 今晚我带孩子们去看电影。
(3) take + a + 名词= have + a + 名词 eg: take a bath / rest / shower /walk
(4) 固定短语: take part in 参加 take place 发生 take care of 照顾
[注] ① take 当 “拿走,带到”讲时,指把东西带到别的地方,即把东西从近处带到远处。eg: Take the books to the classroom. 把这些书拿到教室里去。
② bring也是“拿”的意思,指把东西从别的地方带到说话人所在地或者他指定的地点
即把东西从远处带到近处,意为“拿来”“带来”“取来”。eg:
Please bring some books to my home. 请把这些书带到我家来。
6. Can you dance? 你会跳舞吗?
Can 为情态动词,意思是“能,会,可以”。
(1) 情态动词没有人称和数的变化,即无论主语是第一人称、第二人称还是第三人称,无论是单数还是复数,情态动词都没有变化。
(2) 情态动词后面要跟动词原形。eg:
He can speak French. 他会说法语。
(3) 带情态动词的句子变为疑问句时,将情态动词提前;变否定句时,在情态动词后加not.
eg: We can see an eraser in the pencil box.
→ Can you see an eraser in the pencil box?
→ We can’t see an eraser in the pencil box.
7. Can you help kids with swimming? 你能帮助小孩游泳吗?
(1)help 可作动词,指“帮助,援助”,常指积极地给予实际的精神的或物质的帮助,帮助的人值得信赖。eg:
He helped me to find the train station. 他帮我找到了火车站。
常用的句式有:
① help sb. with sth. 在某一方面帮助某人。eg:
The teacher helps him with his English. 老师帮助他学习英语。
② help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事。eg:
I often help my mother (to) do housework. 我常常帮妈妈做家务。
(2) 动词help 还可作 “吃(会餐用语)讲。eg:
Please help yourself to the fruit. 请随意吃水果吧。
(3) can’t help doing sth. 表示“禁不住做某事”;can’t help sb. to do sth. 表示“不能帮助某人做某事”。 eg:
I can’t help myself crying. 我情不自禁地哭起来。
I can’t help him to say sorry. 我不能代替他道歉。
(4) help 可用作名词,指“帮助,救济”。 eg:
I need some help. 我需要一些帮助。
8. I can play the guitar. 我会玩吉他。
(1) play 的宾语为乐器时,意为“演奏“,乐器名词前要加定冠词the. eg:
play the violin (the piano) 拉小提琴(弹钢琴)
(2) play 后面可接表示球类的名词,意为 “打球”或 “踢球”,球类名词前不加任何冠词或其他
限定词,该名词也不用复数形式。eg:
play basketball 打篮球,不能说 play the / a football 或play footballs.
(3) play with 的宾语常为玩的东西。eg:
play with toys (snow; fire …) 玩玩具(雪,火等)
(4) play 还可作名词,意为“剧”。 eg: TV play 电视剧。
9. — Can you draw? 你会画画吗?
— Yes, a little. 是的,会一点。
(1) a little“一点,稍微”,为程度副词,作状语,修饰动词、形容词或副词。eg:
I like her a little. 我有点喜欢她。(修饰动词)
The T-shirt is a little big. 这件T恤衫有点大。(修饰形容词)
(2) a little后加名词,意思是“一些,少许”,表示肯定概念,作定语,修饰不可数名词。 eg:
I can speak a little English. 我会说一点英语。
(3) little后加名词,意思是“几乎没有,很少的”,表示否定概念。eg:
I can speak little Japanese. 我几乎不会说日语。
10. — What time do you usually get up, Rick? 雷克,你经常几点起床?
— I usually get up at five o'clock. 我经常五点起床。
若询问“某人什么时间做某事”,可用“What time do /does+主语+动词原形+……”句型。其中what time是用来对具体时间提问的,可以用when替换。若问时间,一般说“What's the time?”,也可以说“What time is it?”,回答说“It's...”,不能说“The time is...”。eg:
— What time does he usually go to bed? 他通常什么时间睡觉?
— He usually goes to bed at about eleven. 他通常大约11点睡觉。
— What's the time? 几点了?
— It's 11 o'clock. 11点。
[注]what time 与when 都可以表示“什么时候”。前者所表示的时间比较精确,指“几点钟”、“几时几分”;后者表示的时间范围较广,有时也可以指“几点钟”、“几时几分”,用来代替 what time。
语法:
1. 可数名词&不可数名词
不可数名词通常指不能以数目来计算的东西。它一般没有复数形式。前面不能用many, several, a few 等词修饰,但可用some, much, a lot of, a little, any 等词修饰。eg:
There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有点儿水。
可数名词是指能以数目来计算,可以分成个的人或东西。因此它有复数形式,
其构成规则如下:
情况
构成方法
读音
例词

一般情况

加-s

清辅音后读[s],浊辅音和元音后读[z]
dog-dogs, teacher-teachers

以s, x, ch, sh结尾
加-es

-es读[iz]
bus-buses, box-boxes,
brush-brushes, watch-watches

以ce, se, ze, ge结尾的词
加-s

读[iz]

orange-oranges house-houses

以辅音字母+y结尾的词
变y为i加-es
-es读[z]
city-cities, baby-babies,
factory-factories

以元音字母+y结尾的词
加-s

读[z]
boy-boys, toy-toys,
key-keys monkey-monkeys

以f或fe结尾的词
变f或fe为v,再加-es
-ves读[vz]
leaf-leaves, knife-knives,
shelf-shelves, thief-thieves

以辅音字母+o结尾的词

加-es

-es读[z]

tomato-tomatoes,
potato-potatoes

加-s

-s读[z]

photo-photos, zoo-zoos
radio-radios kilo-kilos

[注]① 以th 结尾的名词变为复数时,mouth-mouths month-months
② 单复数同形的名词 sheep-sheep 绵羊 deer-deer 鹿 Chinese-Chinese 中国人
fish-fish 鱼
(2) 不可数名词不能直接用a (an)或数词来修饰。若要表示它的个体意义时,必须与一个表示量的短语连用。eg:
a piece of news 一条新闻 a cake of soap 一块肥皂
a bottle of ink 一瓶墨水
(3) 如果用代词代替不可数名词,不能用one 来代替。
试比较:
He would like pears. Please give one to him. 他想要吃梨。请给他一个。
(句中的pears 是可数名词复数形式,可用one 代替其单数。)
He would like bread. Please give some to him. 他想吃面包,请递给他一块。
(句中的some 不能用one 来代替。)
2. 冠词的用法
冠词位于名词之前,用来说明所指的人或物。冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词。
(1) 不定冠词a, an
a 和an 是不定冠词的两种形式。a 用在以辅音(指发音不指字母)开头的词前,而 “an” 用在以元音(指发音不指字母)开头的词前。eg: a banana, an apple
① a 和an 表示数量“一”。
② 泛指人或事物的类别。 eg.
A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。
③ 第一次提到某人或某物。 eg.
There is a new desk in my room. 我房间里有一张新书桌。
④ 用于某些固定短语中。 eg. a few, a little, a lot of.
(2) 定冠词the.
the 是定冠词,它常用于:
① 特指某一个(些)人或事物。 eg.
The book on the desk is Lily’s. 书桌上的那本书是莉莉的。
②谈话双方都知道的人或事物。 eg.
—Where is the kite? 风筝在哪儿?
—It’s on the wall. 在墙上。
③第二次提到的人或物。 eg.
There is a table in the room. On the table there is a map. 房间里有张桌子。桌子上有张地图。
④序数词,最高级的形容词前面。 eg.
Jack is the tallest boy in our class. 杰克是我们班上最高的男孩。
⑤用于某些专有名词之前。 eg.
The United States. 美国
⑥世界上独一无二的事物的名词前面。 eg.
The sun is bigger than the earth. 太阳比地球大。
⑦用在一些习惯用语中。 eg. in the afternoon. 在下午 on the left 在左边
3. 名词所有格
名词所有格表示名词与其后面的名词之间的所有或隶属关系,其功能如同物主代词,意为“某
人的……”或“某物的……”。
英语中的名词所有格有两种形式: “名词+’s”所有格和of 所有格。
(1)“名词+’s”所有格
① 单数名词后直接加’s;若单数名词以s结尾,只需要加’。eg:
Jim’s coat 吉姆的外套 Jones’ mother 琼斯的妈妈
② 以s结尾的复数名词,只加' 。 eg:
Teachers’ Day 教师节 the twins’ books 双胞胎的书
③ 不以s 结尾的不规则的名词复数,加’s。 eg:
Children’s Day 儿童节 men’s shoes 男式鞋
④ 表示两者共同拥有时,只在最后一个名词后加’s;表示两者各自拥有时,要在每个名词后加’s。
注意比较:
Lucy and Lily’s mother 露茜和莉莉的妈妈
Lucy’s and Kate’s rooms 露茜和凯特各自的房间
(2) of 所有格:动物和无生命名词的所有格一般使用介词of 短语来表示。eg:
the name of her cat 她的猫的名字 a picture of our school 一张我们学校的图片
有时有生命的东西也用of 所有格,可与“名词+’s”所有格互换。 eg:
the name of the boy =the boy’s name 这个男孩的名字
额外收获:
① 表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词也可以使用“名词+’s”所有格。eg:
a few years’ time 几年时间 today’s newspaper 今天的报纸
② 有些名词的所有格表示住所、诊所、商店时,常去掉后面被修饰的词。 eg:
to my uncle’s 到我叔叔家
三、巩固练习
1. Han Lei, Jim and I in No.22 Middle School.
A. all are B. am all C. are all D. all (2003. 东北师大附中)
2. Some are flying kites near the river.
A. child B. boy C. children D. childs (2003. 天津)
3. If you don’t mind, pass me apple, please.
A. a B. an C. the D. / (2003. 青岛)
4. The students are listening their teacher very carefully.
A. to B. on C. for D. at (2003. 天津)
5. Ted, the radio is too loud. Please .
A. turn it over B. turn it on C. turn it back D. turn it down (2003. 南京)
6. — does a car cost in China?
—It can cost as little as 50,000 yuan and as much as 300,000 yuan
A. How many B. How price C. How money D. How much (2003. 黄冈)
7. An apple a day is good your health.
A. at B. for C. in D. with (2003. 烟台)
8. —Did you enjoy your stay in Hangzhou?
—Yes, I had wonderful time.
A. a B. an C. the D. / (2003. 杭州)
9. —Who taught English last term? Was _____Mr Smith?
—No, Miss White did.
A. you, it B. you, he C. your, it D. your, that (2003. 山东)
10. Jim’s dog looks a fox. He _____it very much.
A. like, likes B. like, like B. likes, like D. likes, likes (2003. 宁夏)
11. China lies the east of Asia and ____ the north of Australia.
A. to, to B. in, to C. to, in D. in, on (2003. 天津)
12. I’ll tell you news about the sports meeting.
A. many B. some C. a few (2003. 四川)
13. The old woman kept one black dog and two white .
A. one B. ones C. those D. one’s
14. There’ll be evening party in the garden next Friday.
A. a B. the C. / D. an
15. John’s uncle has many friends. Mr Shute is a friend of .
A. John’s uncle B. John uncle’s C. John’s uncle’s D. John uncle
16. Lucy has to do today.
A. many homeworks B. a homework C. much homework D. a piece homework
17. In time, those mountains will be covered with trees, too.
A. few years B. a few years’ C. a few year D. a few year’s
18. The color of my trousers different from_____ of yours.
A. is, one B. is, that C. are, it D. are, this
19. There are a lot of down there but hardly any_____.
A. sheeps, people B. sheep, people C. sheeps, persons D. sheep, peoples
20. 用can / may / must / need 填空。
① He ride a bike now.
② the news be true?
③ I watch TV after supper?
④ May I take the dictionary away? No,, you /Yes, you .
⑤ You come earlier tomorrow.
⑥ Must I clean all the rooms? No, you .
⑦ Need I go? Yes, you . / No, you .
⑧ You have a rest.

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