1. 人教版英语选修8第一单元课文原文
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CALIFORNIA
California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.
NATIVE AMERCANS
Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. In the 16th century, after the arrival of the Europeans, the native people suffered greatly. Thousands were killed or forced into slavery. In addition, many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans. However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state.
THE SPANISH
In the 18th century California was ruled by Spain. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land. Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. In 1821, the people of Mexico gained their independence from Spain. California then became part of Mexico. In 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico, and after the war won by the USA, Mexico had to give California to the USA. However, there is still a strong Spanish influence in the state. That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.
RUSSIANS
In the early 1800s, Russian hunters, who had originally gone to Alaska, began settling in California. Today there are about 25,000 Russian-Americans living in and around San Francisco.
GOLD MINERS
In 1848, not long after the American-Mexican war, gold was discovered in California. The dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world. The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States. Then adventurers from Europe and Asia soon followed. In fact, few achieved their dream of becoming rich. Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship. They settled in the new towns or on farms. By the time California elected to become the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.
LATER A RRIVALS
Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive ring the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of
the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s. Today, Chinese-Americans live in all parts of California, although a large percentage have chosen to stay in the "Chinatowns" of Los Angeles and San Francisco.
Other immigrants such as Italians, mainly fishermen but also wine makers, arrived in California in the late 19th century. In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own, which today still keeps up their Danish culture. By the 1920s the film instry was well established in Hollywood, California. The instry boom attracted Europeans including many Jewish people. Today California has the second largest Jewish population in the United States.
Japanese farmers began arriving in California at the beginning of the 20th century, and since the 1980s a lot more have settled there. People from Africa have been living in California since the 1800s, when they moved north from Mexico. However, even more arrived between 1942 and 1945 to work in the ship and aircraft instries.
MOST RECENT ARRIVALS
In more recent decades, California has become home to more people from Asia, including Koreans, Cambodians, Vietnamese and Laotians. Since its beginning in the 1970s, the computer instry has attracted Indians and Pakistanis to California.
THE FUTURE
People from different parts of the world, attracted by the climate and the lifestyle, still immigrate to California. It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.
美国加州
加州是美国第三大州，但人口最多。它也有被在美国最多元文化的国家的区别，有吸引了来自世界各地的人们。海关和移民的语言活在他们的新家园。这种文化的多样性是不奇怪当你知道美国加州的历史。
母语吴磊，阿拉伯
究竟当第一人抵达我们现在的加州所知，没有人真正知道。但是，很可能是在加利福尼亚州印第安人生活在至少1.5万年以前。科学家认为，这些定居者在越过白令海峡的北极通过大陆桥的存在意味着在史前时期到美国。在16世纪之后，欧洲人的到来，当地人民深受其害。数以千计的人死亡或奴役。此外，许多人死于由欧洲人带来的疾病。然而，一些幸存下来这些可怕的时代，今天有更多的印第安人居住在加州的比任何其他国家。
西班牙
在18世纪由西班牙统治加州。西班牙士兵首次抵达南美洲在16世纪初，当他们又打了当地人民对他们的土地了。两个世纪后，西班牙已经定居在南美洲的大部分地区和沿我们现在呼吁美国西北海岸。第一届西班牙语到加州，大部分是宗教的男子，其部是教天主教的本地人。 1821年，墨西哥人民从西班牙获得独立。加州则成为墨西哥的一部分。在1846年，美国宣布对墨西哥的战争，战争结束后由美国获胜，墨西哥不得不放弃到美国加利福尼亚州。但是，仍然有一个强大的国家西班牙的影响力。这就是为什么今天超过40％的加州发言作为第一或第二语言的西班牙语。
俄罗斯
在19世纪初，俄罗斯猎人，谁原本去阿拉斯加，开始在加利福尼亚州定居。今天，大约有2.5万俄罗斯和美国在旧金山附近居住。
淘金者
1848年，不久之后，美国与墨西哥战争，是在加利福尼亚州发现金矿。发展成为从世界各地吸引了人们快速致富的梦想。最近的，因此，第一个到达，是南美和美国人民。来自欧洲和亚洲然后冒险家紧随其后。事实上，很少有达到了他们的致富梦想。有些死亡或回家，但多数仍留在加州，尽管困难很大，使自己的生活。他们定居在新市镇或农场。由加州当选成为1850年的第三十一次的美国联邦州时，已经是一个多元文化的社会。
后来，一位RRIVALS
虽然中国移民开始在到达淘金时期，这是建设
从西到东的铁路网络沿岸，在19世纪60年代带来更大的编号，以加利福尼亚州。今天，中国的美国人居住在加州各地，虽然很大一部分选择了留在“唐人街”，洛杉矶和旧金山。
其他如意大利移民，主要是渔民，但也葡萄酒生产商，在加利福尼亚州来到了19世纪后期。 1911年从丹麦建立了一个移民城市自己，今天仍然保持了他们的丹麦文化。到1920年的电影业和好莱坞，加州成立。该行业的繁荣吸引了包括许多犹太人的欧洲人。今天，加利福尼亚州的美国第二大犹太居民。
日本农民开始在加利福尼亚州到达20世纪初，80年代以来，很多有在那里定居。来自非洲人民一直生活在加利福尼亚州自19世纪初，当他们从墨西哥北部。然而，更抵达1945年至1942年之间工作的船舶和飞机产业。
近来港的移民
在最近数十年来，加州有更多的人成为家来自亚洲，包括韩国，柬埔寨，越南和老挝。自20世纪70年代初，计算机行业吸引印度人和巴基斯坦人加州。
的未来
来自世界各地的人，受气候和生活方式所吸引，但移民到美国加州。可以相信，不久的民族组合将是如此之大，不会有明显的主要种族或文化团体，而是一个多种族和文化的交融。
2. 人教版英语选修8课后题答案
高中英语选修8课后翻译题答案（U1）
1. We went down to the wharf to buy tickets for a scenic ride on a ferry across the Mississippi River.
2. During that war, a great many immigrants were forced to leave their homes and travel to other places to make a new life for themselves.
3. The majority of us had only one small piece of luggage with us when we boarded the aircraft.
4. The sign on the shop next to the bakery indicated that there were bicycles for hire, but when we knocked on the door, no one answered.
5. Apparently there is a tram that takes you from the airport to the central bus station.
3. 人教版英语选修8unit1单词表~
1. △
2. △Californian
3. △illustrate vt.
4. distinct adj.
5. distinction n.
6. △immigrant n.
7. live on
8. strait n.
9. △Bering
10. Arctic adj.
11. the Arctic
12. means n.
13. by means of…
14. △prehistoric adj.
15. majority n.
16. ministry n.
17. Catholic adj. n.
18. △Alaska n.
19. △San Francisco n.
20. △adventurer n.
21. make a life
22. △despite prep.
23. hardship n.
24. elect vt.
25. federal adj.
26. rail n.
27. percentage n.
28. △Los Angeles n.
29. Italy n.
30. Italian n.. adj.
31. Denmark n.
32. keep up
33. △Hollywood n.
34. boom n.. vi.
35. aircraft n.
36. △Cambodian n.
37. Korea n.
38. Korean n. adj.
39. Pakistan n.
40. Pakistani adj. n.
41. △immigrate vi.
42. immigration n.
43. racial adj.
44. crossing n.
45. vice n. & adj.
46. nephew n.
47. pole n.
48. applicant n.
49. customs n.
50. socialist n. adj.
51. socialism n.
52. occur vi.
53. cattle n.
54. △Hispanic n.
55. indicate vt.
56. back to back
57. luggage n. （<美>baggage）
58. shave vt. & vi. (shaved; shaved, shaven)
59. △cable n.
60. △cable car
61. △Andrew Hallidie
62. tram n.
63. apparent adj.
64. apparently adv.
65. brake n. Vi. & vt.
66. conctor n.
67. slip vi. n.
68. △wharf n.
69. bakery n.
70. ferry n. vt.
71. △Angel Island
72. team up with
73. hire vt. & n.
74. △fascinating adj.
75. mark out
76. seagull n.
77. take in
78. angle n.
79. a great/good many
80. apply for
81. nowhere adv.
82. △miserable adj.
83. punishment n.
84. justice n.
85. mourn vt. & vi.
86. civil adj.
87. authority n.
88. reform vt. & vi. n.
89. grasp vt. & n.
90. △thoughtful adj.
91. thankful adj.
92. insert vt.
1. 加利福尼亚（州）
2. 加利福尼亚（州）人
3. vt. 说明；阐明
4. adj. 清晰的；明显的；明确的
5. n. 差别；区分；卓著
6. n. （从外国移入的）移民
7. 继续存在；继续生存
8. n. 海峡
9. 白令海峡
10. adj. 北极的；北极区的
11. 北极
12. n. 手段；方法
13. 用……办法；借助……
14. adj. 史前的
15. n. 大多数；大半
16. n.（政府的）部；（全体）牧师；牧师的职责
17. adj. 天主教的 n.天主教徒
18. n. 阿拉斯加（州）
19. n. 圣弗朗西斯科（也称旧金山）
20. n. 冒险家
21. 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等
22. prep. 尽管；不管
23. n. 苦难；困苦
24. vt. 选择；决定做某事；选举某人
25. adj. 联邦制的；联邦政府的
26. n. 铁路；扶手；（护栏的）横条
27. n. 百分比；百分率
28. n. 洛杉矶
29. n. 意大利
30. n. 意大利人；意大利语adj.意大利人的；意大利语的
31. n. 丹麦（北欧国家）
32. 坚持；维持；沿袭（风俗、传统等）
33. n. 好莱坞；美国电影业
34. n. （人口、贸易的）繁荣 vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期
35. n. 飞行器；航空器；飞机
36. n. 柬埔寨人；柬埔寨语
37. n. 韩国；朝鲜
38. n. 韩国/朝鲜人；朝鲜/韩语 adj.韩国（人/语）的； 朝鲜（人/语）的
39. n. 巴基斯坦
40. adj. 巴基斯坦（人）的 n.巴基斯坦人
41. vi. 移入（外国定居）
42. n. 移民；移居入境
43. adj. 人种的；种族的
44. n. 横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道
45. n. & adj. 代理；副职
46. n. 侄子；外甥
47. n. 地极；电极；磁极
48. n. 申请人
49. n. 海关；关税；进口税
50. n. 社会主义者；社会党人 adj.社会主义者的
51. n. 社会主义
52. vi. 发生；出现
53. n. 牛（总称）
54. n. （美）讲西班牙语的美国人
55. vt. 指出；指示；表明；暗示
56. 背靠背
57. n. 行李（<美>baggage）
58. vt. & vi. (shaved; shaved, shaven)刮；剃
59. n. 缆绳；绳索；电缆
60. 缆车；（美）有轨缆车
61. 安德鲁·海利迪
62. n. （有轨）电车
63. adj. 显而易见的；显然的； 表面上的
64. adv. 显然地；显而易见地
65. n. 闸；刹车；制动器 Vi. & vt. 刹（车）；用制动器减速
66. n. (公车)售票员；列车员;（乐队）指挥
67. vi. 滑动；滑行；滑跤 n.滑动；滑倒
68. n. 码头
69. n. 面包房；面包厂
70. n. 渡船；渡口 vt.摆渡；渡运
71. 天使岛
72. 与……合作或一起工作
73. vt. & n. 租用；雇用
74. adj. 迷人的；吸引人的
75. 划线；标出……界线
76. n. 海鸥
77. 包括；吸收
78. n. 角；角度
79. 许多；很多
80. 申请；请示得到
81. adv. 无处；到处都无
82. adj. 痛苦的；悲惨的
83. n. 处罚；惩罚
84. n. 公正；公平
85. vt. & vi. 哀悼；悼念；表示悲痛
86. adj. 公民的；国内的；民间的
87. n. 权威；权力 (pl)当局；官方
88. vt. & vi. 改革；革新 n.改革；改造；改良
89. vt. & n. 抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会
90. adj. 关切的；体贴的；深思的
91. adj. 感激的；感谢的
92. vt. 插入；嵌入
4. 人教版英语选修8课后题答案
Unit 1
Learning about language
[1] 1.majority 2.hardship 3.racial 4.distinction
5.italia 6.korean 7.pakistani 8.denish
[2] 1.federal 2.catholic 3. majority 4.minitry
5.boom 6.italy 7. distinction 8. hardships
9.korea 10.elected
[3] 1.arctic 2.strait 3.crossing 4.by mean of 5.rail.
6.making a life 7.aircraft
Using words and expressions
[1] 1.a great many 2.applying for 3.nephew 4.ferry
5.immigration 6.apparentiy 7.bakery 8.occur 9.thankful
10.fascinating
[2] 1.take in 2.reform 3.had marked out 4.team up with
5.back to back 6.applicants 7.customs
[3] 1. 当他到达旅馆的时候，第一件想做的事就是把行李放下，洗个澡，再刮一下胡子，然后出去走走。（luggage，shave）
When he arrived at the hotel, the first thing he wanted to do was to leave his luggage/baggage, have a shower and a shave, and then walk around.
2. 我祖父是个社会主义者，终生信奉社会主义。（socialist，socialism）
My grandpa was a socialist who believe in socialism all his life.
3. 许多非法移民觉得他们呆在美国是种惩罚，因为只有少数人得到了公正的待遇，被允许住在美国。（illegal immigrants，punishment，justice）
Many illegal immigrants felt that their stay in America was like a punishment because on a few of them got justice and were allowed to live there.
4. 民政部门试图想办法让海鸥减少噪音，但没有成功。（civil authorities，seagull）The civil authorities tried to rece the noise made by seagulls but failed.
5. 许多英国农民为那些疯牛而被杀死的牛感到悲痛（cattle，mourn）
Many English farmers mourned their cattle which had to be killed because of “mad cow disease”.
6. 虽然我家离市中心很远，但没有空气污染和交通堵塞的问题（nowhere near） My house is nowhere near the center of the city, but it has no air pollution or traffic jams./ Although my house is nowhere near the center of the city, it has no air pollution or traffic jams.
Using structures
[1] 1.how 2.what 3.whether 4.what 5.what
6.that 7.why 8.why 9.when 10.as if 11.where
12.how 13.why 14.that 15.whether
Unit 2
Learning about language
[1] 1.differ 2.cast 3.accumulate 4.exact 5.aitogether
6.bjections 7.undertake
[2] 1.straightforward 2. 3.commercial 4.made an objection to
5.obtain 6.will forbid
[3] 1.attain 2.complica 3.fate 4.carrier 5.cast 6.reform
7.accumulate
Using words and expressions
[1] 1.procere 2.assumption 3.be bound to 4.resist 5.from time to time
6.restoring 7.shortly 8.claws 9.brought back
[2] 1.in time 2.in danger 3.in vain 4.in back pen 5.in favour of
6.in the meantime
[3] 1. I adore homemade rectangular loaves made with brown flour and nuts.
2. He is very conservative, and is even in favor of a constitution that gives few rights to immigrant voters.
3. When the leader of the chorus retired from the opera, they held a dinner party for him.
4. The media plays an important role in influencing public opinion.
5. Don’t bother about taking down those decorations yet. The Christmas celebrations aren’t over yet.
6. The regulations for cloning animals are very strict. He was unable to continue his experiments.
7. Don’t bother yourself about cloning my pet cat. I won’t expect to bring it back to life.
8. The people in flooded areas owed a great deal to the PLA soldiers for their rescue work.
Using structures
[1] 1. C 2.E 3.F 4.B 5.A 6.D
[2] 1.that you should buy a new car . 2.that they wanted the most expensive one
3.that they would save for six months. 4.that sue’s uncle had died unexpectedly
5.that she must follow when she inherited money. 6.that she would save her money in the bank
7.that she was doing the right thing to use the money.
希望采用哦~~亲
5. 人教版英语选修8第一单元单词，包括三角符号的。
必修二
UNIT1
cultural文化的
relic遗物．遗迹；纪念物
rare稀罕的；稀有的，珍贵的
valuable贵重的有价值的
survive幸免；幸存生还
vase花瓶.瓶
dynasty朝代王朝
ivory象牙
dragon龙
amber琥珀；琥珀色
insearchof寻找
amaze吃惊，惊讶
amazing令人吃惊的
select挑选；选择
honey蜜.蜂蜜
design设计．图案．构思vt设计计划．构思
fancy奇特的．异样的想象；设想，爱好
style风格．风度．类型
decorate装饰．装修
jewel珠宝.宝石
artist艺术家
belong属于.为的一员
belongto属于
inreturn作为报答．回报
troop群.组.军队
reception接待，招待会．接收
atwar处于交战状态
remove移动；搬开
lessthan少于
wooden木制的
doubt怀疑．疑惑vt怀疑不信
mystery神秘．神秘的事物
former以前的.从前的
worth值得的，相当于…的价值.价值．作用值钱的rebuild重建
local本地的；当地的
apart分离地，分别地
takeapart拆开
painting绘画；画
castle城堡
trial审判．审讯，试验
eyewitness目击者；证人
evidence根据，证据
explode爆炸
entrance入口
sailor水手；海员；船员
sink下沉；沉下
maid少女．女仆
Berlin柏林（德国首都）
Thinkhighlyof看重；器重
informal非正式的
debate争论；辩论
UNIT2
ancientadj古代的.古老的
competevi比赛竞争
competitorn竞争者
takepartin参加；参与
medaln奖章；勋章；纪念章
standfor代表：象征，表示
mascotn吉祥物
Greece希腊
Greek希腊人的；希腊语的n希腊人；希腊语
magicaladj巫术的.魔术的.有魔力的
volunteer志愿者．志愿兵.志愿的，义务的
homeland祖国；本国
regularadj规则的．定期的．常规的
basis基础，根据
athleten运动员；运动选手
admit容许．承认．接纳
slave奴隶
nowadays现今.现在
gymnastics体操；体能训练
athletics体育运动．竞技
stadium（露天大型）体育场
gymnasium(gym)体育馆、健身房
aswell也；又．还
host做东；主办；招待n主人
responsibilityn责任．职责
olive橄榄树．橄榄叶；橄榄枝；橄榄色
wreath花圈、花冠、圈状物卿
replace取代替换．代替
motto座右铭；格言；警句
swift快的．迅速的
similarity相像性：相似点
Athens雅典（希腊首都）
charge收费．控诉.费用．主管
incharge主管看管
physicaladj物理的．身体的
fine罚款
poster海报，招贴
advertise做广告．登广告
princess公主
glory光荣．荣誉
bargain讨价还价.讲条件.便宜货
prince王子
hopeless心没有希望的；绝望的
foolishadj愚蠢的，傻的
goddess女神
pain疼痛.痛苦
oneafteranother陆续地.一个接一个地
deserve应受.值得
striker（足球的）前锋
UNIT3
abacusn算盘
calculaten计算器
PC（=personalcomPuter）个人电脑，个人计算
laptop手提电脑
PDA(personaldigitalassistant）掌上电脑个人数码助理
analyticaladj分析的
calculate计算
universaladj普遍的．通用的.宇宙的
simplify简化
sum总数．算术题．金额
operator（电脑）操作员；接线员
logical逻辑的；合情理的
logically逻辑上；合逻辑地.有条理地
technology工艺．科技．技术
technologicaladj科技的
revolution革命
artificial人造的．假的
intelligence智力：聪明智能
intelligenceadj智能的：聪明的
solve解决．解答
mathematical数学的
from…on从时起
reality真实．事实．现实
designer设计师
personal私人的．个人的．亲自的
personally就个人而言，亲自
tube管；管子；电子管
transistor晶体管
chip碎片；芯片
asaresult结果
totaladj总的：整个的n总数.合计
so…that…如此.以致于
network网络；网状物
web网
application应用：用途；申请
finance金融；财经
mobile可移动的．机动的
rocket火箭
explore探索.探侧.探究
Mars火星
Anyhow（也作anyway）无论如何．即使如此goal目标．目的；球门；（进球）得分
happiness幸福；快乐
humanrare人类
supportingadj支持的，支撑的
download下载
programmer程序员；程序师
virus病毒
android机器人
signal发信号信号
teammate同伴；伙伴
type打字
inaway在某种程度上
coach教练
arise出现；发生
withthehelpof在的帮助下
electronicadj电子的
appearance外观．外貌；出现
character胜格．特点
mop拖把
dealwith处理
watchover看守，监视
naughty顽皮的，淘气的
niece侄女
spoil损坏；宠坏
UNIT4
wildlife野生动植物
protection保护
wild野生的；野的；未开发的；荒凉的
habitat栖息地（动植物）自然环境
threaten恐吓；威胁
decrease减少（使）变小；或变少
endanger危害；使受到危险
dieout灭亡；逐渐消失
loss损失遗失；丧失
reserve保护区
hunt打猎
zone地域地带
inpeace和平地
indanger（of）在危险中；垂危
species种类物种
carpet地毯
respond回答相应
distant远的远处的
fur毛皮毛软毛
antelope羚羊
relief（痛苦或忧虑的）减轻或解除
inrelief如释重负，松了口气
laughter笑笑声
burstintolaughter突然笑起来
mercy仁慈
certain确定的，某一，一定
importance重要（性）
rub擦摩擦
protect…from保护…不受…（危害）
mosquito蚊子
millipede千足虫
insect昆虫
contain包含容纳容忍
powerful强大的有力的
affect影响感动侵袭
attention注意关注注意力
payattentionto注意
appreciate鉴赏感激意识到
succeed成功；接替；继任
secure安全的；可靠的
income收入
employ雇佣使用（时间、精力等）
harm损害危害
bite叮，咬，刺痛
extinction灭绝消亡
dinosaur恐龙
comeintobeing形成，产生
county县；郡
inspect检查视察
unexpected没料到的意外的
incident事件事变
st灰尘，尘土
accordingto按照，根据…所说
disappearance消失
fierce凶猛的，猛烈的
sothat以致于结果
ending结尾；结局
UNIT5
classical古典的；古典文艺的
roll滚动摇摆
orchestra管弦乐队
rap说唱乐
folk民间的
jazz爵士乐
choral合唱队的
musician音乐家
dreamof梦见梦想
pretend假装，假扮
tobehonest说实在的，说实话
attach系上附加连接
attachto认为有
form组成．形成构成
fame名声名望
passer-by过路人．行人
earn赚；挣得；获得
extra额外的外力
instrument工具；器械；乐器
perform表演；履行；执行
pub酒馆酒吧
cash现金
incash用现金；有现钱
studio工作室．演播室
millionaire百万富翁；富豪
playjokeson戏弄
actor男演员；行动者
rely依赖．依靠
relyon依赖依靠
broadcast播；播放
humorous幽默的．诙谐的
familiar熟悉的；常见的；亲近的
be／getfamiliarwith熟悉与…熟悉起来
orso大约
breakup碎；分裂；解体
reunited在统一；在联合；重聚
attractive吸引人的、有吸引力的
addition加；增加；加法
addition另外；也
sortout分类
excitement兴奋.刺激
ballad歌谣；情歌；民谣
overnight在晚上；在夜里；（口）很快；一夜之间
dip浸；蘸
tadpole蝌蚪
lily百合花
confident自信的；确信的
brief简短的；简要的n摘要；大纲
devotion投人；热爱
afterwards然后；后来
invitation邀请；招待
sensitivev/adj敏感的；易受伤害的．灵敏的
painfuladj痛苦的疼痛的
aboveall最重要；首先
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