Ⅰ 广州牛津版九年级英语上册各单元语法要具体的!
第一单元、动名词的构成
(一) Verb+-ing as subject (主语) 【动名词在句子中可以充当主语的作用】
▲ 动名词(短语)作主语时,谓语动词要用单数例如:
• Communicating is not just speaking. 交流不仅仅是说话。
• Sitting straight means a person is confident. 端坐表明一个人是自信的。
▲ 英语中有一些动词(短语)后面常接动名词作宾语。如:finish, enjoy, mind, keep, suggest, avoid, miss, practise, admit, deny, can’t help等。
• He denied having stolen my bike. 他否认偷了我的自行车。
• When we heard the joke, we couldn’t help laughing.
当我们听到那个笑话时,我们忍不住笑了。
▲ 常见的“动词+介词+动名词”的短语有:prefer... to, be / get used to, look forward to, feel like, give up, keep on, insist on, succeed in等。
• He doesn’t feel like doing his homework. 他不想做家庭作业。
• You must give up smoking at once. 你必须马上戒烟。
▲ 用于某些惯用法中。
(1) be busy doing sth “忙于做某事”
• Mother is busy cooking dinner in the kitchen. 妈妈在厨房忙着做饭。
(2) be worth doing sth “值得做某事”
• The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
• (3) It’s no use / good doing sth “做……无用 / 无好处”
It’s no use asking him for help. 向他寻求帮助没有用。
(二)Verb+-ing after a preposition 【动名词放在介词后面作介词宾语】
第二单元、adjectives
【练习二】
1、Adjectives with for+noun/pround+to+verb
2、Adjectives with enough+to+verb
3、Adjectives with of+noun/pronoun+to+verb
4、Adjectives ending in -ing and –ed
第三单元、Object clause(宾语从句)
1.在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句,宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语,也可做介词的宾语。eg, He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语)
He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语)
Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语)
2. 宾语从句的引导词有三类:
(1) 以that 引导的宾语从句,主要用来引导句形式的宾语从句, that可以省略。
eg, The radio says (that) the clouds will lift later on.
She told me (that) she would like to go with us.
(2) 以连接代词which, what, who等或连接副词how, where, why 等引导的宾语从句,从句是陈述语序
eg, Could you tell me what's the matter with u?
I want to know how soon it will begin.
(3) 以 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句,从句同样是陈述语序
eg, I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei .
3.宾语从句的时态
(1) 当主句为一般现在时态、现在进行时态、或一般将来时态时,从句可用所需要的任何时态。
eg, I want to know what time he got up this morning.
You are telling me that you won't stop until tomorrow?
(2) 当主句为一般过去时态时, 从句要用于过去有关的时态。
eg,They asked what Jean was doing now .
Linda said that the train had left.
(3) 当从句表述的是客观真理或自然现象时,宾语从句要使用一般现在时。
eg, Lisa asked whether light travels faster than sound.
Polly said no news is a good news
注意:一般情况下,whether 和if 可以互用, 但有些情况例外。
1. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用if
eg, We are talking about whether we'll go on the pinic.
2. 引导词与动词不定式或 not 连用时, 只用whether.
eg, Please let me know what to do next.
Could you tell me whether u go or not?
3. if当如果讲时, 引导的是条件状语从句, 这时不能用whether.
eg, You can't work the plan out if you don't have the meeting .
四、Comparative & Superlative of adverbs
1、常用副词比较级与最高级的构成:
规则变化:
单音节词:比较级: 词尾+ er ; 最高级: 词尾+ est
e.g.high →higher → highest
双音节和多音节词:
比较级: 词前+more;最高级: 词前+most; e.g.
slowly→ more slowly→ most slowly
2.The Irregular Form
原级
比较级
最高级
good,well
better
best
bad,ill
worse
worst
many,much
more
most
little
less
least
old
older
elder
olest
eldest
far
farther
further
farthest
furthest
3、常见用法
1) 副词的同级比较肯定式用:“A as + 副词原级+as B;否定式用:A not + as/so+副词原级+as B 。
含义为: “A与B一样…, 或:“A与B不一样…”
Charlie 和Bruce跳得一样高。
Charlie jumps as highly as Bruce.
他没我跑得快。
He doesn't run as/so fast as me.
2) 副词最高级前可加the,也可不加the.
e.g.
Berry sings (the) best in English of all.
Who works (the) hardest in your class?
当所比较的动作是相同的时候,第二个动词可以省不写,也可以用助动词do 来代替。
e.g.
Ben got up earlier than I (did) this morning.
Lucy runs more slowly than Debbie (does).
Peter did it more successfully than I (did).
3) 比较级+and+比较级表示 “越来越……”
e.g.
I am becoming fatter and fatter.
The more you ask , the more knowledge you will get.
4)the more..., the more...”句型常表示“越…越…”是一个复合句,其中前面的句子是状语句,后面句子是主句。the用在形容词或副词的较前,more代表形容词或副词的比较级。
① The more he gets, the more he wants. 他越来越贪。
② The more she learns, the more she wants to learn. 她越学越想学。
“the more..., the more...”句型,主从句的时态常用一般现在时或一般过去时。
①The higher the ground is, the thinner the air becomes. 离地面越高,空气就越稀薄。
②The harder he worked, the more he got. 他工作越努力,得到的就越多。
若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时,从句的谓语动词要一般现在时表示将来。
①The harder you work, the greater progress you will make. 你越用功,进步就越大。
②The longer the war lasts, the more people there will suffer. 战争持续得越久,那里的人们受难就越多。
若比较级作表语且不位于句首时,可以不用the。
When we are more in danger, we should be braver. 越是危险,我们越应勇敢。
在这种句型中,主句在程度上随着从句变化而变化,常把被强调部分提前。例如:
The faster you run, the better it will be. 你跑得越快越好。
这种句型的特点是前后都可以有所省略。特别是语、俗语,只要意义明确,越简练越好。
① The more , the better.多多益善。
② The sooner, the better. 越早越好。
5) 若表示“越……越不……”时,常用“the more...,the less...”句型。
The more she flatters me, the less I like her. 她越逢迎我,我越不喜欢她。
若表示“越不……就越……”时,常用“the less...,the more...”句型。
The less he worried, the better he worked. 他越不烦恼,工作就干得越好。
6) 副词或形容词比较级前可用much, a little , a bit,even, far等来修饰。
There is no school tomorrow .You can sleep a little/ a bit longer.
He plays much better than I.
She can type it much more quickly.
Michel writes even more beautifully than usual today.
7) 说明比较范围时,注意介词的使用.副词最高级+of all(或用in引导的语)。
所有人中,Catherine唱得最好。 Catherine sings best of all.
所有男生中,他跑的最快。 Of all the boys,he runs fastest.
班上Mark学习最努力。 Mark studies hardest in his class.
8) A+行为动词+(倍数)+副词比较级+than+B” 表示:“A比B……几倍”或“A是B的……几倍”。
e.g. Shelly跑步比我快两倍,是我的三倍。
Shelly runs two times faster than I. And Shelly runs three times as fast as I do.
9) “A+行为动词+副词比较级+than+ any other+单数名词(+介词短语)” 表示:“A比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……” 含义是“A最……”
e.g. 迈克比他们班上任何一个其他的同学到校都早
= Mike gets to school earlier than the other students in his class.
=Mike gets to school earlier than any other student in his class.
= Mike gets to school earliest in his class.
五、Questions tag (反意疑问句)
(一)含义: 在陈述句之后附上一个简短的疑问句, 对陈述句 提出相反的疑问, 这种疑问句叫反意疑问句.如果前部 分是肯定形式,后部分用否定形式。或者前部分为否 定,后部分为肯定。原则是“前肯后否,前否后肯”
-- You can help him, can’t you? ——Yes, we can.
你们能帮助他,是不是?是的, 我们能帮助他。
反意疑问句的前后两部分在时态, 人称和数上都要保持一致。
-- Your sister isn’t coming back today, is she? -- No, she isn’t.
你姐姐今天不会回来,是吗? 是的, 她今天不会回来。
回答时, 只要事实是肯定的, 就用yes, 如果事实是否定的, 就用no。
(二)具体用法
1.如果陈述句有系动词be,助动词,情态动词等,其简短问句的谓语要与陈述句中的谓语保持一致。
You haven’t seen that film, have you?
Jim will go to England, won’t he?
He can’t swim, can he?
2. 陈述部分含情态动词must be表示“猜测”时,疑问部分用aren’t / isn’t +主语;如果must表示 “必须”时,疑问部分则用needn’t;当陈述部分 有 mustn’t 表示“禁止”时,疑问部分要用must.
The bike must be yours, isn’t it?
You must be hungry, aren’t you?
She must go home,(必须) needn’t she?
You mustn’t play soccer in the street,(禁止)must you?
3. 陈述部分的主语是this, that时, 疑问部分的主语多用it; 陈述部分的主语是these,those时, 疑问部分的主语多用they。如:
This is a dictionary, isn’t it?
Those are my stamps, aren’t they?
4.陈述部分是“there be”结构的, 疑问部分用 there省略主语代词。
There is something wrong with your watch, isn’t there?
There won’t be more pollution, will there?
5.陈述句中含有not, no, no one, hardly(几乎没有), seldom(不常), neither, few, little, never,, nothing 等否定意义的词时, 疑问部分常用肯定形式。
Few people knew the news, did they?
Tom has never been to England, has he?
6. 陈述句中如果带有否定意义的前缀和后缀的单词时, 整个句子仍视为肯定句, 反意疑问部分多用否定形式。如:
She is unhappy, isn’t she?
This is an unimportant question, isn’t it?
7. 如果主语是I’m, 后面反意部分用 aren’t I?
I’m late, aren’t I?
8. Had better + 动词原形,疑问部分用 hadn’t you?
You’d better read it by yourself, hadn’t you?
9. You’d like to +动词原形,疑问部分用 wouldn’t you?
You’d like to go with me, wouldn’t you?
10. 如果陈述句的主语是 something, nothing, anything, everything 等不定代词时, 疑问部分的主语多用it.
Everything goes well, doesn’t it?
Nothing can stop us now, can’t it?
11.陈述句的主语是nobody, no one, everyone, somebody等不定代词时, 反意疑问部分的主语多用they (强调全体) 或 he (强调个体)
Everyone is here, aren’t they
Someone is waiting for you,isn’t he?
Nobody says a word about the accident, do they?
12.1)祈使句后面的简短问句通常用 will you, won’t you.
Give me a pen, will you?(won’t you)
Don’t move the chair, will you?
2) Let’s …,shall we? (包含谈话的对方在内)
Let us …,will you?(不包含谈话的对方在内)
Let’s have a rest, shall we?
Let us arrive at the bus station on time, will you?
13.陈述部分含有宾语从句的主从复合句时,附加疑问句的主语和谓语要同主句的主语和谓语保持一致。
She said it would rain tomorrow, didn’t she?
They told us that we needn’t go to school tomorrow, didn’t they?
14.I think, I believe, I suppose, I guess 等结构中,简短问句的主语与从句的主语保持一致。
I think she’s out, isn’t she?
I don’t believe it’s true, is it?
15.当陈述句中的谓语动词是used to(过去常常做某事)时, 简短问句可用used 或did.
The Smiths used to live in the countryside, usedn’t they / didn’t they
Ⅱ 初二下牛津英语语法
人教版新目标英语七年级(下)各单元知识概要
Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from?
一、词组
be from= come form 来自...
pen pal=pen friend 笔友
like and dislike 好恶;爱憎
live in….在...居住
speak English 讲英语
play sports 做体育运动
a little French 一些法语
go to the movies 去看电影
an action movie 一部动作片
on weekends 在周末
Excuse me 对不起,打扰
get to 到达、抵达
beginning of 在...开始的时候
at the end of 在...结束的时候
arrive at /
二、句型
(1)、Where主 +be+主语+from?
主语+be+from+地点.
(2)、Where do/does+主语+live?
主语+live/lives in…
(3)、What language do/does +主语+speak?
主语+speak/speaks….
(4)、主语+like/likes+doing…
三、日常交际用语
1-Where is your pen pal from?
-He’s from China.
2-Where does she live?
--She lives in Tokyo.
3-Does she speak English?
-Yes,she does/No,she dosen’t.
4-Is that your new pen pal?
-Yes,he is /No,he isn’t.
5-What language does she speak?
-She speaks English.
Unit 2 Where’s the post office
一、词组
post office 邮局
pay phone 投币式公用电话
next to 在...隔壁
across from 在...对面
in front of 在...前面
between…and… 在...和...之间
on a street 在街上
in the neighborhood 在附近
on the right/left 在右边/在左边
on one’s right/left 在某人的右边/左边
turn right/left 向右/左转
take a walk 散步
have fun 玩得开心
the way to …去...的路
take a taxi 打的/乘出租车
go down(along)…沿着...走
go through...穿过...
have a good trip 旅途愉快
二、句型
(1)、Is there a bank near here?
Yes,there is .It’s on Centre Street.
No,there isn’t.
(2)、Where’s the sumpermarket?
It’s next to the library.
(3)、Bridge Street is a good place to have fun.
(4)、I hope you have a good trip.
(5)、If you are hungry,you can buy food in the restaurant.
(6)、Talk a walk though the park..
(7)、enjoy后接名词或动词-ing形式.
Do you enoy(=like) your work?
Do you enjoy(=like) living in the city?
三、日常交际用语
(1)、Is there a ….?句型Eg:
-Excuse me.Is there a hotel in the neighborhood.
-Yes, there is. No.there isn’t
(2)、Where is …?句型Eg:
-Where is the park,please?
-It’s behind the bank.(肯定回答)
-I’m sorry I don’t know. (否定回答)
(3)、Which is the way to +地点? 句型.例如:
- Which is the way to the library.
(4)、How can I get to +地点?句型.例如:
-How can I get to the restaurant?
(5)、Can you tell me the way to +地点?句型.例
- Can you tell me the way to the post office?
(6)、Let me tell you the way to my house.
(7)、Just go straight and turn left.
Unit 3 Why do you like koalas?
一、词组
want to do sth .想要做某事
want sb to do sth 想要某做某事
want sth 想要某物
Let sb do sth 让某人做某事
kind of 有几分\种类
a kind of 一种…
…years old …年龄 如:ten years old 十岁
like to do sth 喜欢做某事
like doing sth
play with … 与...一起玩
be quiet 安静
ring the day 在白天
at night 在夜间
have a look at.. 看...
one…the other 一个...另一个...
二、句型
(1)、-why do you like pandas?
-Because they’re very cure.
(2)、-Why dose he like koalas?
-Because they are kind of interesting.
(3)、-Where are lions from?
-Lions are from South Africa.
(4)、-What animals do you like?
-I like elephants.
三、日常交际用语
(1)、-Let’s see the lions.
(2)-Why do you want to see the lions?
-Becase they are very cute.
(3)-Do you like giraffes?
Yes,I do./ No,I don’t
(4)-What other animal do you like?
_I like dogs.too
other+ 名词的复数.表示没有特定的数量范围
the other+名词的复数表示有特定的数量范围.
(5)-Why are you looking at me?
-Because you are very cute.
(6)-Let us play games. –Great!
Let me see.
Unit 4 I want to be an actor.
一、词组
want to be+职业 想要成为。。。
shop assistant 店员
bank clerk 银行职员
work with 与。。。一起工作
work hard 努力工作
work for 为。。。而工作
work as 作为。。而工作
get.. from…从。。。获得。。。
give sth.to.sb /give.sb.sth 把某物给某人
正确的表示:give it/them to sb.
错误的表示:give sb.it/them
in the day 在白天
at night 在夜间
talk to /with 与…讲话
go out to dinners 外出吃饭
in a hospital 在医院
newspaper reporter 报社记者
movie actor 电影演员
二、句型
(1)-What do/does+某人+do?
例:-What do you do?-I’m a student.
-What dose he do? He’s a teacher.
(2)-What do/does+某人+want to be?
例:What do you want to be?-I want to be a teacher.
-What does she want to be ?She want to be a nuser.
(3)-Where does your sister work?
-She works in a hospital.
(4)-Does he work in the hospiat
Yes.he does/No,he doesn’t
(5)-Does she work late?
-Yes,she does/No.she doesn’t
(6)-英语中询问职业的几种表达方式:
What do/does …do?
What is…? What is your father?
What’s one’s job?例:What’s your father’s job?
Unit 5 I’m watching TV.
一、词组
do homework 做家庭作业
watch TV 看电视
eat dinner 吃饭;就餐
clean the room 打扫房间
read newspaper/a book 看报纸/看书
go to the movies 看电影
write a letter 写信
wait for 等待;等候
talk about 谈论。。。。
play basketball/soccer/ 打篮球/踢足球
take photos 拍照
TV show 电视节目
Some of。。。 。。。中的一些
a photo of my family 我的家庭照
at school 在学校
be with 和。。。一起
in the tree 在树上
二、句型
(1)-What+be+主语+doing? ….正在做什么?
-主语+be+doing。。。 …正在做某事。
例: -what are you doing?
-I’m doing my homework.
(2)-Thanks for … 为。。。而感谢
例:Thanks for your letter.
(3)-Here are/is…
例:Here are some of my photos.
Here is a photo of my family.
(4)-That sounds good.
(5)-This TV show is boring.
三、日常交际用语
(1)-Do you want to go to the movices? –Sure.
(2)-When do you want to go? –Let’s go at seven.
(3)-Where do people play basketball? –At school.
(4)-What’s he waiting for?-He’s waiting for a bus.
(5)-What’s he reading? He’s reading a newspaper.
1)现在在进行时的形式是:
助动词be(am,is,are)+动词-ing形式(也叫现在分词),表示现在(说话的瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。
2)现在进行时的肯定句形式
主语+be(am,is,are)+动词现在分词+其他
I’m watching TV.
3)现在进行时的否定句形式
主语+be(am,is,are)+not+动词现在分词+其他
They are not playing soccer.
4)现在进行时的一般疑问句形式及回答:
Is(am,are)+主语+动词现在分词+其他?
Yes,主语+is/am/are. No,主语+isn’t/aren’t/am not.
Are you reading? Yes,I am. No,I am not.
5) 现在进行时的特殊疑问句形式:
特殊疑问词+is/am/are+主语+现在分词+其他?
例:What is your brother doing?
6) 动词+ing形式(现在分词)的构成.
1一般情况下在动词词结尾加-ing.
如: eat--eating, do—doing,clean—cleaning,
play—playing,
2以不发音的元音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e再加-ing.
如:take--taking,write—writing,have-having
come—coming.dance--dancing
3词尾如果是以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词.应该先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing.
如:run—runing,sit—sitting ,swim—swimming.
Shop—shopping.put—putting,sit—sitting
Unit 6 It’s raning!
一、词组
Around The World 世界各地
On vacation 度假
Take photos 拍照
On the beach 在海边
a group of people 一群人
play beach volleyball 打沙滩排球
be surprised 惊讶的
be surprised at sth./sb.对某人或某人感到惊讶
in this heat 在酷暑中
be relaxed 放松
have a good time 玩得很痛快
in different kind of weather 在不同的天气里
Thank sb for(doing)sth由于(做)某事而感谢某人
How’s it going? 近况如何
Some…others…一些…另一些…
Look like..看起来像。。。
二、句型/日常交际用语
(1)-How’s the weather(+地点)? –It’s raining?
(2)-What’s the weather like?—It’s sunny./It’s cold and snowing.
(3)-How’s it going? –Great./Not bad.
(4)Thanks you for joining CCTV’s Around The World show?
(5)-Is Aunt Wang there? –Yes,she is/No,she isn’t
Unit 7 What dose he look like?
一、词组
look like 看起来像....
curly /short/straight/long hair 卷/短/直发
medium height/build 中等高度/身体
a little bit 一点儿…
a pop singer 一位流行歌手
play的用法。
wear glasses 戴眼镜
have a new look 呈现新面貌
go shopping 去购物
the captain of the basketball team 篮球队队长
Nobody knows me 没有人认识我
二、句型
1) --What does he look like?
--He’s really short.He has short hair.
2) --She has beautiful,long black hair.
3) --I don’t think he’s so great .
4) --What do you look like? I’m tall.I’m thin.
5) --What do they look like?-
--They are medium height.
6) --She never stops talking.
--Stop doing(sth)表示停止正在干的事.
如:He stop listening
--stop to do (sth)表示停下来去做某事
如:He stops to listen.
7)I can go shopping and nobody knows me.
Unit 8 I’d like some noodles.
1.词组
would like 想要
a large/medium/small bowl 大碗/中碗/小碗
what size 什么尺寸
orange juice 桔汁
green tea 绿茶
phone number 电话号码
as well as 而且
what kind of 表示….的种类
a kind of 一种…
some kind of 许多种…
a bowl of rice 一碗米饭
a bottle fo orange juice 一瓶桔子汁
three oranges 三个桔子(可数)
a bottle fo orange j 一瓶桔子汁(不可数)
some chicken 一些鸡肉(不可数)
three chickens 三只小鸡(可数)
二\句型
1)What kind of … would you like? 你想要…?
EG:--What kind of noodles would you like?
--Beef and tomato noodles. please.
2)We have lare ,medium,and small bowls.
3)I like mplings,I don’t lkee noodles.
三\日常交际用语
(1)—Can I help you?
--I’d like some noodles.please.
(2)--what kind of noodles would you like?
--I’d like mutton and potato noodles. Please.
( 3)—Would you like a cup fo green tea?
--Yes,please./No,thanks
would like后面还可以跟不定式.即:
A:would like to do.sth.想要做某事.
He would like to see you today.
B:would like sb.to.do.sth.想要某人做某事
What would you like me to do.
Unit 9 How was your weekend?
一、词组
do one’s homework 做某人的家庭作业
如:do my homework 做我的家庭作业
play +运动或棋类
如:play soccer 踢足球 play chess 下棋
play +乐器 如:play the guitar 弹吉他
go to the movies 去看电影
do some reading 阅读
study for the (math) test 准备(数学)考试
stay at home 呆家里
go to summer camp 去夏令营
go to the mountains 去爬山
visit sb 拜访某人
go shopping 去购物
last month 上个月
three days ago 三天前
yesterday 昨天
look for 寻找
go for a walk 散步
in the morning/afternoon/evening 在早上/在下午/在晚上
play computer games 玩电脑游戏
It was time to do sth 该。。。的时候了
二、句型
(1)I visited my aunt last weekend.
(2)-- How was your weekend?
--It was great./OK
(3)—It was time to go home.
三、日常交际用语
(1)—What did you do last weekend?
--On Saturday morning,I played teenis.
(2)—How was your weekend?
--It was great.I went to the brach.
一般过去时态
一般过去时态表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,动词通常用一般过去式来表示,除动词be的过去式was/were有人称变化,其他都没人称的变化.
过去式的构成
(1) 一般情况下在动词词尾加-ed.如:
stay—stayed help—helped visit-visited
(2) 词尾是e的动词加-d.
如:like—liked live—lived
(3) 以一个元音字母加一个辅音结尾的重读闭章节应双写该辅音字母,再加-ed.如:
stop—stopped plan—planned
(4) 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,要将y改为i再加-ed.如: study—studied worry—worried
(5) 不规则动词的过去
am/is—was are—were have-had
go—went find—found do—did see-saw
Unit 10 Where did you go on vacation?
一、词组
ptetty good 相当好;不错
in the conner 在角落
kind of boring 有点无聊
be lost 迷路
feel happy 感到高兴
be fun 很有趣
on vacation 在度假
Central Park 中央公园
the Great Wall 长城
the Palace Museum 故宫
Tian’an Men Square 天安门广场
二、句型
(1)—Where did you go on vacation?
--I went to the breach.
(2)—How was the weather?
--It was hot and humid.
(3)--It was kind of boring
(4)—That made me feel very happy.
(5)--We had great fun playing in the water.
--have great fun doing sth表示“愉快地做某事”,“做某事很有趣”
(6)I helped him find his father.That made me feel very happy.
help sb.(to)do.sth.帮助某人做某事(to可省)
make sb.do.sth. 使某人做某事
let sb.do.sth.
Let me help you carry(搬动) it.
(7)I found a small boy crying in the conner.
find sb.doing sth.发现某人正在做某事。
find sb.do.sth.发现某人做某事(整个过程)
Unit 11 What do you think of game shows?
一、词组
talk show 谈话节目
soap opera 肥皂剧
sports show 体育节目
game show 比赛节目
think of 认为
how about… …怎么样?=what about…
in fact 事实上
a thirteen-year-old boy 一个十三岁的男孩= The boy is thirteen years old
talk to(with)… 跟 …谈话
thanks for… 为…感谢
each student 每个学生
key ring 钥匙链
baseball cap 棒球帽
the school magazine 校刊
can’t stand 不能忍受
don’t mind 不介意/无所谓/不在乎
二、句型
(1)—What do you think of situation comedy?
-- I love them
(2)—I asked students about fashion.
(3)—This is what I think.
(4)--I don’t mind what young people think of me!
(5)—Can you please put my letter in next month’s magazine?
三、日常交际用语
(1)—What do you think of suop operas?
--- I love them/I don’t mind them/I can’t stand them/I don’t like.
(2)—How about you? ---I do.too.
(3)--What do you think of …?
--=How do you like…?
如:What do you think of the picture?
=How do you like the picture?
Unit 12 Don’t eat in class.
一、词组
school rules 学校规章制度
break the rules 违反规章制度
in the hallways 在过道
listen to music 听音乐
in the music room 在音乐教室里
in the dining hall 在餐厅
sports shoes 运动鞋
gym class 体育课
after school 放学后
have to do 不得不做
too many 太多
get up 起床
by ten o’clock 十点之前
make dinner 做饭
the children’s palace 少年宫
二、句型
(1)—Don’t arrive late for class.
(2)—We can’t listen to music in the hallways,but we can listen to it outside.
(3)—What else do you have to do?
-- We have to clean the classroom.
(4)--Can we wear hats in school?
--Yes,we can/ No,we can’t.
(5)-Do you have to wear a uniform at school?
-Yes,we do /No,we don’t.
重难点精析
祈使句
通常用来表示命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告等语气。它的主语you(听话人)通常省略。其构成通常有以下几种形式。
1)Be型(即系动词原型be+表语+其他)。
如:Be quiet,please.
否定句Don’t + be+表语+其他。
如:Don’t be angry.
2)Do型(即系动词原形+宾语+其他)。如:
Open you books,please.
否定句Don’t +实义动词原形+宾语+其他。
如:Don’t eat in the classroom.
3)Let型(即Let+宾语+动词原形+其他)如:
Let me help you.
Let’s go at six o’clock.
否定句一般在宾语后加not。如:
Let’ not watch TV.
4)No+V-ing型(此种形式通常用于公共场合的提示语中,意为“禁止做某事“)如:
No smoking! 严禁吸烟!
No talking! 不许交谈!
No passing! 禁止通行!
No parking! 不许停车
Ⅲ 牛津七年级下册英语第一单元语法整理
语法还是知识点?我帮你找了下列资料,不知道是不是你需要的?
短语学习:
1. be superior to 比。。。优越,比。。。好,超过。。。
This western restaurant is superior to the one we went to last week.
这家西餐馆比我们上星期去的那一家好。
He is ~ to me in position. (级别,职位,重要性上)更高
能与to 连用,但不能与than连用的词有:
major(优秀的,高级的);inferior(下等的,下级的)
senior(年长的,地位高的);junior(年少的,后进的)
2. spring up迅速出现;兴起 A doubt sprang up in her mind.
3. a variety of 各种各样的
Coral is not a plant but a variety of animal life of different shapes and bright colors.
珊瑚不是植物,而是各种不同形状和色彩斑斓的生物的变体。
There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from.有种类繁多的图案可供选择。
This tool can be used in a variety of ways.这一工具有多种用途。
various adj. 各种各样的
Tents come in various shapes and sizes. 帐篷有各种各样的形状和大小。
4. Come onto the market 上市,在市场上出售
This house only came onto the market yesterday .这所房子是昨天才投放到市场出售的
5.in that case在那种情况下
You don’t like your job? In that case, why don’t you leave?
你不喜欢这份工作?那你怎么不辞掉呢?
She was late, in that case, I can’t wait for her.她迟到了,在那种情况下,我不能等了。
6.stand for代表;象征;容忍
What does “UN” stand for?UN代表的是什么?
I condemn fascism and all it stands for.我谴责法西斯主义及其代表的一切。
I can’t stand (for) this insolence. 我决不容忍这种傲慢无礼的行为。
7. capable adj. 有能力的;有才能的 be capable of 能够
Show your teacher what you are capable of. 向你的老师表现出你的才能。
This is a robot capable of understanding spoken commands.
这是一个能听懂口头指令的机器人。
The machine is capable of improvement.这台机器是可以改进的。
8.up to date 最近的
It was a modern factory—everything was really up to date.
这是一个现代化的工厂——一切都是最新式的。
We are keeping up to date with the latest developments. 我们保持掌握最新的发展。
out of date(out-of-date作定语形容词)过时的
9. (sb.)be familiar with sth.熟悉……
(sth.)be familiar to sb.为某人所熟悉
10. wind ( wound wound )vt.上发条;缠;绕
wind up 给……上发条;使某人高度兴奋;把(汽车窗玻璃等摇上)
wind down (钟表)慢下来,停住; (人)松弛下来
1) He forgot to wind [waind] (up) his watch.
2) Are all the windows wound up?
介词
介词的分类:
1. 表示时间的介词:at, in, on, before, to, from, by, till, until, after, for, since 等。
2. 表示地点,位置,方向的介词:next, to, in, in front of, on , out of, at, above, over, into, near, between, under, up, across, by, down, from, around, behind, beside等
3. 表示原因,理由的介词:for, as, at, from 等
4. 表示方式的介词:on, in, by, with 等。
常用介词辨析
1. 表示时间的in, on, at, after
1) in 的用法。
用于早晨、下午、傍晚。In the morning/afternoon/evening
用于月、年、季节等。In March, in 1986, in spring
用于一段时间后。In a week, in a year’s time, in two hours
2) on 的用法
用于具体某一天。On my birthday, on the morning of next Friday, on June 6, on Sunday, on New Year’s ay
用于描述性的时间。On a cold night, on a winter day
3) at 的用法
用于具体的钟点。At 12 o’clock, at half nine
用于固定的搭配。At lunch, at night, at breakfast, at noon, at Christmas, at weekends, at that time
4) after 表示在一点时间以后。After twelve o’clock
2. 表示的地点的 in, on , at
in指大地方,at是小地点, in表示的是体,on表示的是面,at表示的是点。
They will arrive in Shanghai.他们将到上海。
They will arrive at the school.他们将到学校。
They live on the ninth floor.他们住在九楼。
I will meet you at the bus stop.我在车站接你。
in可指内部, on可指“在…之上”
There are six windows in the wall.墙上有6 扇窗子。
There are five pictures on the wall.墙上贴着5 幅画。
3. 表示方位的on, over, under, above, below.
1)on , over, above指上方;under, below指下方;on指物体接触。
2)over指正上方、above指斜上方、under指正下方、below指斜下方。
There will be two bridges over the river.河上将有两座桥。
The ball is under the desk.桌子下有一只球。
4. between, among
Between指两者之间, among指三者或三者以上。
There will be a match between Tom and me. 汤姆和我之间将要有一场比赛。
The teacher is standing among the students. 老师正站在学生们中间。
但有时在数量不多的个体之间进行选择,可用Between.
You can choose between the books on the table.你可以在桌子的书中进行选择。
5. across , over, through
Across表示从这一边到另一边的横过, over表示从空间通过, through则表示从内部空间穿过。
Can you swim across the lake? 你能游泳过湖吗?
You must go through the forest at once. 你必须马上穿过树林。
There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座桥。
6. 表示方式、方法、手段的常用介词by, in, with, through
★ by 表示“用(方法、手段、途径等)”或意为“乘坐(交通工具) ”,后接的名词前面通常不用冠词。
★ in 表示“用(方式、材料、途径、语言)”。
★ with 表示“带着,伴随”,后接具体的工具,手段、材料或其他行为方式。
Mr. Green usually goes to work ___car.
He wrote many letters ___English.
He told me to write _____a pen.
You can master English ________more practice.
7. 表示“除…… 之外”的介词
through 表示“以(方法、手段) ”“经由”。
besides 表示包含, 除 --- 之外还有---
except 表示排除, 除 ---- 之外
but 表示排除, 多与nobody, none, no one, nothing, anything, everyone, all, who 等连用.
except for 表示除去整体中的部分, “只是, 只不过”
__________ basketball, I like playing Pingpang.
You have no choice ________work hard.
Li Long is a good student ______________his laziness.
*He usually goes to work on time _____.
A. except for raining days B. besides it rains
C. but that it rains D. except on rainy days
8. 看似相同,但意义有别的词组。
At school 在上学 At the school 在学校
In front of 在…前边(外部) In the front of 在…前部(内部)
In class 在课上 In the class 在这个班
In bed 在睡觉 In the bed 在床上
In hospital 住院 In the hospital 在医院里
Go to school 去上学 Go to the school 去学校
(1).名词+介词:
1. approval of 批准 2. awareness of 意识到
3. grasp of 把握住 4. hatred of 憎恶
5. desire for 要求、愿望 6. fondness for 爱好 (I've a fondness for collecting stamps.)
7. hope for 希望、期待 (hope for the best 乐观)
8. need for 必要 (There is no need for hurrying.)
9. reason for 有必须……的理由 (have reason for...)
10. respect for 尊敬 (have respect for...) 11. belief in 信任于
12. interest in 对……有兴趣 13. success in 成功、成就
(2).形容词 + 介词:
1. afraid of (He is not afraid of anything.)
2. aware of 觉得
3. capable of 能 (The tank is capable of holding 8 kg. of water.)
4. fond of 喜爱 (He's fond of fishing.)
5. jealous of 嫉妒于
6. made of 用……制成的
7. proud of 对……感觉光荣 (I'm proud of his acquaintance. 认识他是我的光荣。)
8. sure of 确信 (You may be sure of his honesty.)
9. tired of 厌倦的
10. careless about 不关心、不重视
11. worried about 自找烦恼
12. familiar with 熟悉于、精通于
13. interested in 兴趣于
14. sorry for 懊悔、觉得过意不去 (You will be sorry for this some day.)
(3).动词 + 介词:(这类组合特别多。要特别注意同一个动词配上不同的介词,意思就不同了)
1. care about 关心 (He doesn't care about other people. 他不关心别人。)
2. care for 喜欢 (Would you care for a cup of coffee? 你喜欢来杯咖啡吗?)
3. take care of 照顾 (Take care of yourseft. 照顾自己喔。)
4. dream about 梦到 (I dreamt about you last night. 昨晚我梦到你。)
5. dream of 梦想 (I often dream of being rich. 我时常梦想发达了。)
6. hear about 听到关于……的详情 (Have you hear about Jane? )
7. hear of 听到……的事/话 (Have you heard of a place called 'Mulu'?)
8. hear from 得到……的消息 (Have you heard from Ann recently?)
9. look at 注视、考察(Why you look at me like that?)
10. look for 找、指望 (Can you help me look for my keys?)
11. look after 照应、看守 (She is ill, she needs someone to look after her.)
12. think about 思索、考虑 (What are you thinking about?)
13. think of 想起、企图 (He told me his name but I can't think of it now.)
展示导思(25分钟)
1. weigh vt. 称……的重量;权衡;考虑vi. 重量为……
He weighed himself on the bathroom scales.他用浴室磅秤量体重。
She weighed the stone in her hand.他用手掂了掂那块石头的重量。
I weighed the benefits of the plan against the risks involved.
我认真考虑了这个计划的优点及其风险。
weigh sb. down 使烦恼;使焦虑
weight n. 重量 put on weight 增加体重 lose weight 减肥
take the weight off one’s feet 坐下来歇会儿
2.measure vt.& vi. 测量;度量;判断;评估 n. 措施;方法
It’s hard to measure his ability when we haven’t seen his work.
没见过他的作品,很难估计他的能力。
1)measure指测量某物的长宽高等或估计某人的能力。也可用作名词,意思是“措施”,take measures to do 采取措施做……。如:
Measures should be taken to stop pollution.该采取措施制止污染了。
2)固定搭配:in great measure 很大程度上
3)固定搭配be measured in/by “用……计算”。如:
In England distance is measured by miles while in China by kilometers.
在英国距离按英里计算,在中国却按千米计算。
3..suitable adj.合适的;适宜的
suitable for sb./sth.适合某人/某物 suitable to do sth.适合做某事
Is this a suitable time to have a word with you?我想和你说句话,你现在方便吗?
This programme is not suitable for children.这个节目儿童不宜。。
(1)suit v. 适合;适宜;满足需要n. 一套衣服
Choose a computer to suit your particular needs.选一台适合你自个儿需要的电脑。
If you want to go by bus, that suits me fine.要是你想坐公共汽车走,那对我也合适。
(2)suit, fit与match.
suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位。
Does the time suit you?这个时间对你合适吗?
match多指大小、色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配。
The People’s Great Hall and the Historical Museum match the Tian An Men beautifully.
人民大会堂和历史博物馆与天安门陪衬的极为美丽。
fit多指大小合适,引申为“吻合”。
The new coat fits me well.这件新衣服我穿着大小合适。
2)用suit,fit与match填空
(1)Try the new key and see if it __________. (2)No dish __________ all tastes.
(3)This hot weather doesn’t __________ me.
(4)The doors were painted blue to __________ the walls.
(5)I tried the dress on and it didn’t __________.
(6)None of these glasses __________.
4. guarantee v. 担保;保障;保证n. 保证;担保;保修单
guarantee sb.sth.保证某人某事 guarantee+that 从句
be under guarantee(n.)在保修期内
He gave me a guarantee that it would never happen again.
他向我保证这种事情决不会再发生。
We provide a 5-year guarantee against rust.我们保证,产品5年不生锈。
We can’t guarantee that our flights will never be delayed.
Ⅳ 求牛津版英语八年级下册英语语法重点
呵呵 希望对你有所帮助 祝楼主进步哈
◆unit 1 Will people have robots?
知识点:
形容词,副词的比较等级考查热点透视:
表示A与B在程度上相同时, “as+形容词或副词的原级+as”结构。表示A不如B时,可用“not as/so+形容词或副词的原级+as”结构。
表示A比B在程度上“更…..”时,可用“形容词或副词的比较级+than”结构
表示三者或三者以上的比较,其中一个在程度上“最…..”时,常用“the+形容词或副词的最高级”结构,后面可带“of/in的短语”来说明比较的范围。(注意:副词的最高级在句中常省略“the”.)
在形容词或副词的比较级前,可以用“a little, even, far, much,still”的等词语来修饰,以加强语气。
表示“越来越….”时,常用“形容词或副词的比较级+and+形容词或副词的比较级”结构,但要注意,对于多音节和部分双音节形容词,副词而言,若要表达此意时,要用“more and more+形容词或副词的原级“结构。
在表示“其中最….之一“的含义时,常使用 “one of+the+形容词最高级形式+名词复数”结构,其中的定冠词the不可以省略。
如果强调“两者中比较…的(一个)”的意思时,可使用“the+形容词比较级+其它”结构。
表示“越….越….”, 可使用“the+形容词或副词的比较级,the+形容词或副词的比较级”结构。
2 .一般将来时
一般将来时的构成:由助动词shall或will加动词原形构成,shall用于第一人称。在口语中,will在名词或代词后常简略为’ll, will not常简略为won’t。这个时态的肯定,否定和疑问结构可表示如下:
肯定句 否定句 疑问句
I (We)shall(will) go.
You(He, She, They) will go. I(We)shall(will) not go.
You(He, She, They)will not go. Shall I(we) go?
Will you (he, she, they) go?
用”be going to +动词原形”也可表示将来时,表示将要发生的事,打算或决定要做的事。
b)一般将来时的用法:1)表示将要发生的动作或情况;2) 不以人的意志为转移,肯定要发生的事情。The day after tomorrow will be National Day.后天是国庆日。
3. in/after:in是指以现在时间为起点的“在一段时间以后”。也可以表示“在将来多少时间之内”,句子中的谓语动词要用一般将来时态;after常指以过去时间为起点的“一段时间之后”,所以它与过去时态连用。当after指某个特定的未来时刻或日期之后,或指以将来某一时间为起点的若干时间之后时,它可以与将来时态连用。
4.more, less, fewer的用法区别:more为many, much的比较级,意为“更多”,可修饰可数与不可数名词。Less是little的比较级,意为“更好,较少”,修饰不可数名词。Fewer是few的比较级,意为“更少”,修饰可数名词复数。
【注意】few, little表示否定“几乎没有”。a few, a little表示肯定“一点,几个”。
5.would like sth意思为“想要某物“; would like to do意思为”想要做某事“。回答would like句型的一般疑问句时,其肯定回答为 “Yes, please.”;否定回答“No, thanks”或 “I’d like /love to, but….”
6. Such作形容词,意思是“如此的”“这样的”,修饰各种名词。
Such这样的。如It is such bad weather.天气如此恶劣。
Such常和as搭配,表示一种类别。如We enjoy such a voice as hers.我们喜欢象她那样的嗓子。
Such常和表示结果的that从句搭配,表示“如此….以至于…”如
It was such a hot day that we all had to stay at home.
Such…that…和so…that…都可用来引出一个结果状语从句。由于such是形容词,所以that从句前有一个受such修饰的名词;而so 是副词,用以修饰形容词或副词,因此that从句前一般不出现名词。如
They are such kind-hearted teachers that people in the village all respect them.
The exam was so difficult that many students failed to pass it.
如果名词是可数名词的单数形式,such和so的位置不同:
such+a/an+形容词+单数名词
so+形容词+a/an+单数名词
如果名词是不可数名词或名词复数,只可用such,不能用so.:
such+形容词+不可数名词或复数名词
如果被修饰的不可数名词被much, little, 或复数名词被many, few等表示量的形容词修饰时,用so,不用such.
当little表示“年纪小的”时,可用such+little+名词。
7.be able to 为“能,会”,表示能力,在这个意义上与can的意思相同,一般情况下两者可以互换,但can只有现在式和过去式(could)而be able to则用于更多的时态,主要体现在be的变化。两者在用法上有一些差异:can (could)表示主观能力不表示意愿,它的将来时用will be able to而 be able to表示主观意愿强调克服困难做某事。
◆unit 2 What should I do?
知识点:
1..loud是形容词,loud-louder-loudest意思是“响亮的”;作副词时,常与talk, sing, laugh 等词连用,如speak loud; loudly “大声地”带有喧闹的意味,常用来修饰shout, cry, call, knock等动词,通常没有比较级和最高级,作状语;aloud 副词,出声地,大声地,仅指发出声音(以使能被听得见)。
2.Enough为形容词,意思是“足够的”;enough +n.修饰名词enough money; adj/adv+enough修饰形容词或副词;enough to do 足够做某事
3.present, gift礼物:gift带有一定的感情色彩,通常指昂贵的“礼物”,强调送礼人的诚意,有时有“捐赠”之意,多用于正式场合;present指为表达情谊,敬意或出于礼节,在某特定时刻或场合赠送的“礼物”,此礼物价值不一定高。make sb a present of把…作为礼物送给
4.borrow, lend: borrow“借入,借给”即说话人向他人借东西borrow sth from sb.; lend-lent-lent“借出,借给”即说话人把自己的东西借给他人lend sb sth= lend sth to sb
5 except,besides除…之外: except除了…都,besides强调“除了…之外还有…”在no one, nobody, nothing等词后加介词but也表示“除了”。
6.find out, find, look for: find out“找出,发现,查明”多指通过调查,询问,打听,研究之后搞清楚,弄明白或指找出较难找到的,无形的抽象的东西;find“找到,发现”通常指找到或发现有形的东西也可指偶然发现某物的某种情况,强调找的结果;look for“寻找”强调动作。
7.talk about谈到,谈论;talk of谈到,说到;have a talk with与..谈谈,做报告;talk to sb对…谈话;talk with sb与…交谈;talk to sb和talk with sb 均表示“和某人谈话”,“讲话”。talk to sb比较常用,侧重一方谈,一方听;talk with sb侧重双方交谈;talk about sb则表示“谈论某人”
8.miss 和lose:miss意思为“发现丢失”“觉得不在”;lose意思为“丢失”“失去”。在本质上,miss是一种主观感觉,而lose是一种客观结果。
9.be used to doing习惯于做某事;used to do过去常常,暗含与现在明显的不同,只用于过去时;be used to do是use的被动语态,意思是….被用来做某事。
10.own 与 have: own强调的是拥有,占有某物为自己的财产,但所占有的东西目前不一定是由人使用,强调所有权;have为普通动词,表示的所有关系。own +n. egWho owns the dog? ;own +宾语+宾补 eg. He owns himself wrong.;own+从句eg. He owns that he is wrong. ;of one’s own完全属于某人自己的;on one’s own独立地,自愿地;with one’s own ears亲耳
11. attend, join, take part in: attend“出席,参加,上学”attend school 上学,attend meeting出席会议;take part in 参加,是指参与某项活动 take an active part in积极参加;join 参加,当join用于加入某个团体或组织,成为其中的一员,后面直接跟名词,当join表示参加某项活动时后面跟介词in .
◆unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?
知识点:
过去进行时
过去进行时由“was/were+动词ing形式”构成。以动词work为列,其肯定式,否定式,疑问式以及简略答语见下表:
肯定式:I/He/She/It was working. We/You/ They were working.
否定式:I/He/She/It was not working. We/You/They were not working.
疑问式和简略答语:Was I working? Yes, you were.
Was he working? No, he wasn’t.
【注意】was not常简略为wasn’t; were not常简略为weren’t
过去进行时的用法:过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间,除有上,下文暗示以外,一般用时间状语来表示
not …until直到…才。表示动作在某时之前尚未开始,直到此时动作才开始。not…until可以用after或when来代替,但主句谓语动词要用肯定形式。Until为连词时后接时间状语从句,until作介词时,后面接表示时间的名词。Until 用于肯定句多表示动作或状态一直延续到until所表示的时间为止,意思为“直到…” from..till…中till往往表示不太具体的时间。From …to…或from…until常用来表示具体的时间。
find it…to do,it在此句中为形式宾语代表动词不定式,动词不定式为真正的宾语,常用于这种用法的动词有find, feel, think, make等。
“疑问词+不定式“结构相当于一个名词性从句,常常可用同等成分的从句代替。改写时,只需在疑问词后面加一个适当的主语(这个主语一般与主句的主语一致),并将不定式改成适当形式的谓语即可。如,Where to go is still a question.= Where we should go is still a question.
when 与while:when连接的状语从句是个特殊句型,“前一个分句(谓语动词用过去进行时)+when(作并列连词,意思为“这时,突然”)+后一个分句(谓语动词用一般过去时)”表示在前一个动作正在进行的过程中突然发生了后一个动作, when强调动作的突然性,when后面的动词为非延续性动词;while表示“在….过程中”,强调在一段时间内,所以while引导的从句中的谓语动词必须为延续性动词。在状语从句中,若从句放在句首时,应用逗号与主句隔开。
感叹句的构成:What +a/an+形容词+单数名词+主语+谓语!What a good book it is!
What+形容词+复数可数名词+主语+谓语!What easy questions they are!
What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!What cold weather it is!
How+形容词+主语+be动词!How nice the watch is!
How +副词+主语+谓语!How hard they are working!
8.take place, happen“发生”:take place指“发生事先计划或预想到的事物”;happen指“一切客观事情或情况的偶然或未能预见地发生”。两者都是不及物动词或短语,后面不能跟宾语,也不能用于被动语态;happen的意义很广泛,而take place 仅用于历史上的事件,集会等,是先行布置而后发生或举行的事件,它不用于地震等自然界的现象。
happen to do 巧遇 sth happens to sb某人遭遇某事
9.不定代词all, both, each,every与not连用时,只表示部分否定,在否定句中用and连接两个宾语,表语,定语,状语时,只表示部分否定,并且否定 and后面的部分;如用or连接句中两个部分,则表示全部否定。如,She isn’t a bright and beautiful girl.她并不是一个既聪明又漂亮的女孩。(部分否定) She isn’t a bright or beautiful girl.她是一个既不聪明又不漂亮的女孩。(全部否定)。
◆unit 4 He said I was hard-working.
知识点:
在称述句中直接引语和间接引语的转换:
直接引语:说话人直接引用别人的原话。
间接引语:说话人用自己的话把别人的意思转述出来。
直接引语一般前后要加引号;间接引语不用引号。
规则:1)人称变化:从句中的第一人称多改为第三人称;第二人称根据情况改为第一或第三人称;第三人称不变。2)时态变化:如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,直接引语变为间接引语时从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做以下变化:
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时(客观真理除外)
一般将来时 过去将来时
现在进行时 过去进行时
如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,直接引语变为间接引语时,从句的动词时态保持不变;直接引语如果是客观真理变为间接引语时,时态保持不变。3)其他指示代词,时间状语,地点状语和动词等的变化。直接引语中的一些指示代词,时间状语和地点状语须作相应的变化:
直接引语 间接引语
指示代词 this这 these这些 that那 those那些
时间状语 now现在 then那时
today 今天 that day 那天
tonight 今晚 that night那天晚上
this week 这星期 that week那个星期
yesterday 昨天 the day before前一天
last week 上星期 the week before前一个星期
ago以前 before 以前
tomorrow明天 the next/following day第二天
next week 下星期 the next week 第二个星期
地点状语 here 这里 there 那里
动词 come来 go 去
【注意】1)直接引语中的时间状语根据实际情况转述为间接引语时,有时不需要改变,如tomorrow。如果转述的动作发生在当天,无需改变;如果转述的动作不在当天,则需将tomorrow变为the next day.
2.habit, practice, custom: habit指“个人由于自然条件,社会环境,爱好或经常接触而导致可以为常的行为或特性”;practice语气比habit弱,指“个人或大家都习惯了的做法或工作与生活的方式。”;custom指“经过一段时期在某人,地区或社会中形成的传统习惯或风俗。”
3.bring, take, carry: bring指“从别处把东西或人带来”“拿来”,表示将人或物带到或拿到说话者所在的位置的这个动作;take指“把东西带走或拿走”,表示将人或物拿开或带离说话者所在的位置的这个动作; carry指“随身携带(不说明方向)有时含有 “负担”的意思。
4.Surprise用法:1)surprise作名词,表示“惊奇,诧异”;2)surprise作几物动词(后接某人作宾语)表示“使…惊奇”;surprise的过去分词作表语,表示“感到惊奇”;to one’s surprise表示“使…吃惊的是”;be surprised at sth/sb表示“对…感到惊奇”。
5.however 与 but:两者均可作“但是,然而”,而且都引出并列分句。从语义上看,but所表示的是非常明显的对比,转折的意味较however要强;从语法上看,but是并列连词,而however却是连接副词;从语序上看,but总是位于所引出的分句前,而however却可位于句首,句中和句末,但是译成汉语时一定要把它放在分句之首;从标点符号上看,but之后一般不使用逗号,而however则必须用逗号分开。However当连词用时,“无论以何种方式,不管怎样”,引导让步状语从句。
6.first, at first与first of all:1)first可以做副词,意思是“首先,第一次,最初地”,指第一次做某事或首先做某事,first还可以用作形容词,意思是“第一的,最初的,主要的,一流的”,first作名词,意思是“首要,第一,最初”2)at first的意思是“起初,当初”,指刚刚开始做某事的时候,暗示后来的情况有所改变3)first of all的意思是“第一,最初,首先”,同first的用法相同,但语气上比first要强,常常用来加强语气。
7.true, real: true意思为“真的”“真正的”,强调与实际相符,而不是杜撰的,它与real相对。与to连用,意思是“忠实的”,true用作名词,与定冠词the连用,表示“真实,真理”等;real无此意。Real是形容词,强调客观存在的“真实”“实在”,不是想象的。
8.above, on,over:三者都有“在…上”之意。1)on表示两者上下紧贴在一起2)over表示一种直接的垂直概念,但没有上下紧贴的意思,反义词为under.3)above既不表示垂直的上下概念,也无相互紧贴的意思,反义词是below.
◆unit5 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time.
知识点:
If引导的条件状语从句:1)构成:if引导的条件状语从句表示“如果…”。构成形式为“主句+一般将来时时态+if从句+一般现在时态”,或“If从句+一般现在时态,主句+一般将来时态”。2)用法:表示假设或条件
half 与half of的用法:1)half the class中的“half”为形容词,意思“一半的,半个的”2) “half of+代词/the+名词”中的half为名词,意思为“一半,半个”。当该结构在句子作主语时,谓语动词必须和该词组中的代词或名词保持数的一致。即当代词或名词为单数时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式;若所接名词或代词为复数,则谓语动词用复数形式。
3. all the time与always: all the time是个副词性的短语,意思为“一直”“始终”,表示某一特定阶段开始一直到结束,不表示频度,多置于句末。除此,all the time还有“不断”的意思;always为表示频度的副词,意思为“总是”,表示动作的反复,状态的继续,中间没有间断,其反义词为never。它与进行时态连用时,常翻译成“总是”,“老是”,带有赞美,厌烦,不满等感情色彩。
4.Enough的用法:1)enough to do sth表示“足够…可以做…”2)enough也可以用“for+宾语+to do sth的结构”3)enough修饰名词时前面不用冠词4)当主语是代词时,enough可以作表语。当主语是名词时,enough不能做表语。
5.Choose的用法:1)choose+名词 意思为“选择…”;2)choose+between/from从…中选择;3)choose to do选择做某事
6.Exercise的用法:1)运动,锻炼,是不可数名词2)体操,练习,是可数名词。3)动词,使….运动
7.wear, put on, have on, dress: wear“穿着”“戴着”,表示状态,是延续性动词,一般现在时表示经常状态,现在进行时表示暂时状态;put on“穿上”“戴上”,表示动作,是非延续性动词;have on“穿着”“戴着”,表示状态可以与wear互换;dress“穿上”“穿着”,既表示状态,也表示动作,既可以作及物动词,也可以作不及物动词。Dress作及物动词,表示“给自己或别人穿(衣服)”,宾语是人,常用被动语态。dress oneself给。。穿衣服。dress up化装
8.a lot, a lot of与lots of三者都有“许多,很多”的意思。a lot of, lots of一般用于肯定句,后接可数名词复数或不可数名词;a lot作名词时=a lot of thins,作副词,修饰动词或形容词,副词比较级。
Ⅳ 牛津英语九年级上册语法复习
估计你
Ⅵ 牛津初二英语下册英语语法
一单元:语法,一般将来时,表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。will 加动词原形。
词组 live to be in 100 years space station fall in love with go skating look for on weekend be able to come ture in the future help with hundreds of look like wake up get bored over and over again
重点段落 section B
二单元
语法:情态动词could
词组life for busy enough not get home until have a quick it is time for be like as as possible complain about
take part in nothing new seem to push push sb so hard find it hard to think all kinds of on the one hand on the other hand need to do sth
重点段落 section B
三单元
语法 过去进行时,表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作
were/was 加动词的ing形式
词组:in front of barber shop get out sleep late walk down take off take a photo think about go away come in hear about in silence
as···as··· all over the world
四单元:语法 直接引述别人的原话叫直接引语 用自己的话专属别人的话叫简介引语。间接引语在大多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号,间接引语不用引号
词组be mad at first of all pass on be good at get over do well in end of year exam forget to do sth agreen with open up sea level start a bad habit care of
重点段落 section B
Ⅶ 初三英语语法大全(深圳牛津版)
一般新华书店会有的吧、比较权威
Ⅷ 牛津初中英语的语法还有句型归纳
你可以试试奥风英语的 中学语法三剑客 分中考版和高考版。中考版内包括 中考语法完全突破容 视频教程,记忆大纲,和精编中考语法专项练习,三件一套,大纲供背诵记忆,练习供运用巩固,学记练一体,全面系统,配套完善,直节针对中考,可以说是目前公认最好的语法资料了。网络 中考语法完全突破 或进入奥风英语网站即可找到视频,不妨搜来看看。
Ⅸ 牛津版初中英语语法
大型书店有卖的 没有可以到新华书店定