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初中一年级英语学语法了吗

发布时间:2021-01-12 07:31:31

① 初中一年级全册英语重点语法和句式

初中英语语法归纳知识点
1.主语:
差不多所有的词语都可以做主语,主语一般在句子的开端。
(特别)形式主语:
例句分析:To teach him is my job=It's my job to teach him.
这样主语就是to teach him,it为形式主语,代替to teach him.

2.谓语:
规则:1.助动词和动词一起构成谓语;
2.情态动词和动词一起构成谓语;
3.连系动词和表语一起构成谓语。
注意:(这里的动词都是实义动词,表语是跟在连系动词后面的词。)
常见的连系动词有:be动词,sound,taste,become,turn,grow,keep......

3.状语:
表示 目的,地点,方式,程度,时间等的词叫做这个句子中的状语。
例句:(In order) to teach him ,I must work hard.
这里不定式做句子的目的状语。
He did it very carefully.
carefully 作句子的程度状语。

4.句型注意事项:
1.如果句子中谓语是及物动词,后面就是宾语
2.如果句子中的谓语是不及物动词,后面的就是句子的状语

② 小学到七年级英语语法

be 动词:抄is(三人称袭用)are(二人称用) am(一人称用)
语法:主+系+表 主+谓+宾
否定:be 动词后加not,实意动词前加don’t(一,二人称) doesn’t(三人称)
疑问句:be动词提前,实意动词前加do(1人称),does(三人称)

③ 初中一年级英语的所有语法结构

楼主,您好 英语的时态(tense)是一种动词形式,不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。 下面就英语中常见的八种基本时态进行阐述,其它的时态都是在这八种时态的基础上结合而成的。 一、 一般现在时: 1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 2.时间状语: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, 3.基本结构:动词 原形 (如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要加(e)S) 4.否定形式:am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。 6.例句:. It seldom snows here. He is always ready to help others. Action speaks louder than words. 二、 一般过去时: 1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 2.时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 3.基本结构:be动词;行为动词 4.否定形式:was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。 6.例句:She often came to help us in those days. I didn't know you were so busy. 三、 现在进行时: 1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 2.时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc. 3.基本结构:am/is/are+doing 4.否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing. 5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。 6.例句: How are you feeling today? He is doing well in his lessons. 四、 过去进行时: 1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 2.时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 3.基本结构:was/were+doing 4.否定形式:was/were + not + doing. 5.一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。 6.例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit. When he came in, I was reading a newspaper. 五、 现在完成时: 1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。 2.时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc. 3.基本结构:have/has + done 4.否定形式:have/has + not +d one. 5.一般疑问句:have或has。 6.例句:I've written an article. It has been raining these days. 六、 过去完成时: 1.概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。 2.时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc. 3.基本结构:had + done. 4.否定形式:had + not + done. 5.一般疑问句:had放于句首。 6.例句:As soon as we got to the station, the train had left. By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books 七、 一般将来时: 1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 2.时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc. 3.基本结构:am/is/are/going to + do;will/shall + do. 4.否定形式:was/were + not; 在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。 6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies. It is going to rain. 八、 过去将来时: 1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。 2.时间状语:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc. 3.基本结构:was/were/going to + do;would/should + do. 4.否定形式:was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do. 5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。 6.例句:He said he would go to Beijing the next day. I asked who was going there 还有个网站你自己可以看看 http://..com/question/27835897.html 谢谢采纳!

④ 七年级下学期英语语法

七年级下册英语语法点总结(1)
七年级下册英语语法点总结(1)
分类:英语学习
Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from?
一.短语:
1 .be from = come from 来自于----
2. live in 居住在---
3. on weekends 在周末
4 .write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信;写信给某人
5 .in the world 在世界上 in China 在中国
6.pen pal 笔友 14 years old 14岁 favorite subject 最喜欢的科目
7.the United States 美国 the United Kingdom 英国 New York 纽约
8.speak English 讲英语 like and dislike 爱憎
9.go to the movies 去看电影 play sports 做运动
二.重点句式:
1 Where’s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/
2 Where does he live?
3 What language(s) does he speak?
4 I want a pen pal in China.
5 I can speak English and a little French.
6 Please write and tell me about yourself.
7 Can you write to me soon?
8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports.
三.本单元的国家,人民、语言对应。
1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French
2 France------ French------French
3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese
4 Australia----Australian----- English
5 the United States------ American---- English
6 the United Kingdom---British----- Enghish

Unit 2 Where’s the post office?
一. Asking ways: (问路)
1. Where is (the nearest) ……? (最近的)……在哪里?
2. Can you tell me the way to ……? 你能告诉我去……的路吗?
3. How can I get to ……? 我怎样到达……呢?
4. Is there …… near here / in the neighborhood? 附近有……吗?
5. Which is the way to ……? 哪条是去……的路?
二.Showing the ways: (指路)
1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿着这条街一直走。
2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二个路口向左转。
3. You will find it on your right. 你会在你右手边发现它。
4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 离这里大约一百米远。
5. You’d better take a bus. 你最好坐公交车去。(You’d better+动词原形)
三.词组
1. across from …… 在……的对面 across from the bank 在银行的对面
2. next to…… 紧靠…… next to the supermarket 紧靠超市
3. between……and…… 在……和……之间
between the park and the zoo 在公园和动物园之间
among 表示位于三者或三者以上之间
4. in front of…… 在……前面 There is a tree in front of the classroom.
课室前面有棵树。
in the front of…… 在……(内)的前部 There is a desk in the front of the classroom.
课室内的前部有张桌子。
5. behind…… 在……后面 behind my house 在我家后面
6. turn left/ right 向左/右拐
on the left/right of…… 在某物的左/右边 on the left of our school 在我们学校的左边
on one’s left/right 在某人的左/右边 on my left 在我左边
7. go straight 一直走
8. down /along…… 沿着……(街道) down/along Center Street 沿着中央街
9. in the neighborhood=near here 在附近
10 welcome to…… 欢迎来到……
11. take /have a walk 散步
12. the beginning of…… ……的开始,前端
at the beginning of…… 在……的开始,前端
in the beginning 起初,一开始
13. have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得开心,过得愉快
我昨天玩得很开心。 I had fun yesterday.
I had a good time yesterday.
I enjoyed myself yesterday.
14. have a good trip 旅途愉快
15. take a taxi 坐出租车
16. 到达:get to +地方 get here/ there/ home 到这/那/家
arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing.
arrive at +小地方 I arrive at the bank.
reach +地方
17.go across 从物体表面横过 go across the street 横过马路
go through 从空间穿过 go through the forest 穿过树林
18.on + 街道的名称。 Eg: on Center Street
at + 具体门牌号+街道的名称 Eg: at 6 Center Street
三.重难点解析
1.enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的乐趣,喜爱做某事
I enjoy reading. 我喜爱读书。
到目前为止,我们学了两个特殊的动词finish和enjoy,都是要带 doing.
I finish cleaning the room. 我扫完了这间屋子。
2.hope to do sth 希望做某事 I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通过这次考试。
hope +从句 I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天将会晴朗。
(从句即是一个小句子,这个小句子又放在大句子中,从属于大句子,所以叫从句。如tomorrow will be fine是一个从句,它又放在I hope 的后面,形成句中有句。)
3. if 引导一个表示假设的句子。
If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有许多钱,我就会去月球。
If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket.
如果你饿了的话,你可以在超市买一些食物。
四.本单元的反义词、近义词配对
1new—old 2 quiet--- busy 3 dirty--- clean 4 big---- small

Unit 3 Why do you like koala bears?
一.重点词组
eat grass eat leaves be quiet very shy very smart very cute
play with her friends kind of South Africa other animals
at night in the day every day ring the day
二. 交际用语
1. Why do you like pandas? Because they’re very clever.
2. Why does he like koalas? Because they’re kind of interesting.
3. Where are lions from? They are from South Africa.
4. What other animals do you like?
I like dogs, too.
Why?
Because they’re friendly and clever.
5. Molly likes to play with her friends and eat grass.
6. She’s very shy.
7. He is from Australia.
8.He sleeps ring the day, but at night he gets up and eats leaves.
9.He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day.
10.Let’s see the pandas first.
11.They’re kind of interesting.
12.What other animals do you like?
13.Why do you want to see the lions?
三. 重点难点释义
1、kind of 有点,稍微
Koala bears are kind of shy. 考拉有点害羞。
kind 还有“种类”的意思
如:各种各样的 all kinds of
We have all kinds of beautiful flowers in our school.
2、China n. 中国 Africa n. 非洲
China 和Africa都是专有名词,首字母都应该大写,而且和介词in连用。
There are many kinds of tigers in China.
There are many kinds of scary animals in Africa.
3、friendly adj. 友好的,和蔼可亲的
它是名词friend的形容词形式,常常和be动词连用, be friendly。
The people in Cheng are very friendly.
4、with prep. 跟,同,和…在一起
I usually play chess with my father.
注意区别与and的用法,and通常用于连接主语或宾语,连接主语时,
如果有I, I通常放在 and 之后,如:
My father and I usually play chess together.
Play with “和…一起玩耍”“玩…”
I often play with my pet dog.
Don’t play with water!
5、day和night 是一对反义词,day 表示白天或一天,night表示夜或夜晚。
通常说in the day, ring the day, at night。
Koala bears often sleep ring the day and eat leaves at night.
6、leaf n. 叶子
复数形式为:leaves, 类似的变化还有:wife—wives, wolf—wolves,
knife—knives等。
7、hour n. 小时;点钟
hour前边通常加上冠词an 表示“一个小时”, 即:an hour。
There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes in an hour.
8、be from 来自…
be from = come from
Pandas are from China. = Pandas come form China.
9、meat n. (食用的)肉,为不可数名词,表示“许多”时,使用much来修
饰,即:much meat
He eats much meat every day.
10、grass n. 草,为不可数名词,表示“许多”时,使用much来修饰,即:much grass。
There is much grass on the playground.
四. 语法知识
特殊疑问句通常以“what”、“who”、“which”、“when”、“where”、“how”、“how old”、“how many”等开头,对某一具体问题进行提问。
特殊疑问句的基本构成有两种情况:
1. 疑问句+一般疑问句结构。这是最常见的情况。例如:
What’s your grandfather’s telephone number? 你爷爷的电话号码是多少?
Who is that boy with big eyes? 那个大眼睛的男孩是谁?
Which season do you like best? 你最喜欢哪个季节?
When is he going to play the piano? 他什么时候弹钢琴?
Where does he live? 他住在哪儿?
How are you? 你好吗?
How old are you? 你多大了?
How many brothers and sisters do you have? 你有几个兄弟姐妹?
2. 疑问句+陈述句结构。这时疑问词作主语或修饰主语。例如:
Who is on ty today?
今天谁值日?
Which man is your teacher?
哪位男士是你的老师?
我们学过的What/How about+名词/代词+其他?也是特殊疑问句,它是一种省略结构。
例如:
I like English. What/How about you? 我喜欢英语。你呢?
What about playing basketball? 打篮球怎么样?

Unit 4 I want to be an actor.
一.短语:
1 want to do sth 想要作某事
2 give sb sth = give sth to sb 给某人某物 / 把某物给某人
3 help sb do sth 帮助某人作某事 Eg: I want to help my mother do some housework at home.
4 help sb with sth 帮助某人谋事 Eg: I want to help my mother with some housework at home
5 in the day 在白天
6 at night 在晚上
7 talk with/ to sb 和----谈话
8 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 Eg: He is busy listening to the teacher.
9 in a hospital 在医院l
10 work/ study hard 努力工作
11 Evening Newspaper 晚报
二.重点句式及注意事项:
1 询问职业的特殊疑问词是what;有三种主要句式
① What + is / are + sb?
② What + does/ do + sb + do?
③ What + is/ are + 名词所有格/ 形容词性物主代词 + job?
2 People give me their money or get their money from me.
3 Sometimes I work in the day and sometimes at night.
4 I like talking to people.
5 I work late. I’m very busy when people go out to dinners.
6 Where does your sister work?
7 then we have a job for you as a waiter.
8 Do you want to work for a magazine? Then come and work for us as a reporter.
9 Do you like to work evenings and weekends?
10 We are an international school for children of 5-12.
三. 本单元中的名词复数。
1 policeman--- policemen 2 woman doctor----- women doctors 3 thief-----thieves

⑤ 英语语法!!七年级!

英语语法
1.名词
2.冠词和数词
3.代词
4.形容词和副词
5.动词
6.动名词
7.动词不定式
8.分词
9.独立主格
10.动词的时态
11.动词的语态
12.句子的种类
13.倒装
14.主谓一致
15.虚拟语气
16.名词性从句
17.定语从句
18.状语从句
19.连词
20.情态动词

中国知名英语教授:薄冰,张道真等,都有著书.

名词
名词复数的规则变化
其它名词复数的规则变化
名词复数的不规则变化
不可数名词量的表示
定语名词的复数
不同国家的人的单复数
名词的格

冠词和数词
不定冠词的用法
定冠词的用法
零冠词的用法
冠词与形容词+名词结构
冠词位置
数词

代词
人称代词的用法
人称代词之主、宾格的替换
代词的指代问题
并列人称代词的排列顺序
物主代词
双重所有格
反身代词
相互代词
指示代词
疑问代词
关系代词
every,no,all,both,...
none,few,some,any,...
代词比较辩异one,that和it
one/another/the other
"the"的妙用
anyone/any one;...
both,either,neither,...
many, much
few,little,a few,...

形容词和副词
形容词及其用法
以-ly结尾的形容词
用形容词表示类别和整体
多个形容词修饰名词的顺序
副词及其基本用法
兼有两种形式的副词
形容词与副词的比较级
as+形容词或副词原级+as
比较级形容词或副词+than
可修饰比较级的词
many,old和far
the+形容词或副词最高级+比较对象

动词
系动词
什么是助动词
助动词be的用法
助动词have的用法
助动词do 的用法
助动词shall和will的用法
助动词should,would的用法
短语动词
非谓语动词

动名词
动名词作主语、宾语和表语
worth 的用法

动词不定式
不定式作宾语
不定式作补语
不定式主语
It's for sb/It's of sb
不定式作表语
不定式作定语
不定式作状语
用作介词的to
省to 的动词不定式
动词不定式的否定式
不定式特殊句型too…to…
不定式特殊句型so as to
不定式特殊句型Why not
不定式的时态和语态
动名词与不定式

特殊词精讲
stop doing/to do
forget doing/to do
remember doing/to do
regret doing/to do
cease doing/to do
try doing/to do
go on doing/to do
be afraid doing/to do
be interested doing/...
mean doing/to do
begin(start) doing/to do
感官动词 + doing/to do

分词
分词作定语
分词作状语
连词+分词(短语)
分词作补语
分词作表语
分词作插入语
分词的时态
分词的语态

独立主格
独立主格
With的复合结构

动词的时态
一般现在时的用法
一般过去时的用法
used to/be used to
一般将来时
be going to/will
be to和be going to
一般现在时表将来
用现在进行时表示将来
现在完成时
比较过去时与现在完成时
用于现在完成时的句型
比较since和for
since的四种用法
延续动词与瞬间动词
过去完成时
用一般过去时代替完成时
将来完成时
现在进行时
不用进行时的动词
过去进行时
将来进行时
一般现在时代替将来时
一般现在时代替过去时
一般现在时代替完成时
一般现在时代替进行时
现在进行时代替将来时
时态一致
时态与时间状语

动词的语态
let 的用法
短语动词的被动语态
表示"据说"或"相信"的词组
不用被动语态的情况
主动形式表示被动意义
被动形式表示主动意义
need/want/require/worth

句子的种类
句子的种类
感叹句结构
强调句结构
用助动词进行强调
反意疑问句

倒装
倒装句之全部倒装
倒装句之部分倒装
以否定词开头作部分倒装
so,either,nor作部分倒装
only在句首要倒装的情况
as,though引导的倒装句
其他部分倒装

主谓一致
并列结构作主语谓语用复数
主谓一致中的靠近原则
谓语动词与前面的主语一致
谓语需用单数
指代意义决定谓语的单复数
与后接名词或代词保持一致

虚拟语气
真实条件句
非真实条件句
混合条件句
虚拟条件句的倒装
特殊的虚拟语气词:should
wish的用法
比较if only与only if
It is (high) time that
need"不必做"和"本不该做"

名词性从句
引导名词性从句的连接词
名词性that-从句
名词性wh-从句
if,whether引导的名词从句
否定转移

定语从句
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系副词引导的定语从句
判断关系代词与关系副词
限制性和非限制性定语从句
介词+关系词
as,which非限定性定语从句
先行词和关系词二合一
what/whatever/that...
关系代词that的用法

状语从句
地点状语从句
方式状语从句
原因状语从句
目的状语从句
结果状语从句
条件状语从句
让步状语从句
比较while, when, as
比较until和till
表示"一…就…"的结构

连词
并列连词与并列结构
比较and和or
表示选择的并列结构
表示转折或对比
表原因关系
比较so和 such

情态动词
情态动词的语法特征
比较can 和be able to
比较may和might
比较have to和must
must表示推测
表示推测的用法
情态动词+have+过去分词
should和ought to
had better表示最好
would rather表示"宁愿"
will和would
情态动词的回答方式
带to的情态动词
比较need和dare

⑥ 请问该上七年级了,新概念英语一学了2遍遍,是学语法好,还是直接学新二好

就不能一边学语法一边学二嘛,语法学起来不难,单纯地学语法可能会有点懵,学课本好一点,语法就外加的学一学。

⑦ 初中一年级英语语法!

51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)
52 be not sure 表不确定
53 be on a visit to 参观
54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎
55 be quiet 安静
56 be short for 表**的缩写 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰
57 be sick in bed 生病在床
58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you
59 be sorry to hear that
60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you
61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事 eg : He's strict in obeying noles
62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 这些学生对自己不严格
63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格
64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么
65 be sure 表确定
66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well
67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure of my head (my teacher 我相信我的大脑(老师)
68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm suer that he can pass the test 我相信他能通过考试
69 be sure to do sth 一定会做某事
eg: We are sure to pass the test 我们一定会通过这次考试 We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语
70 be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕……
71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事
72 be the same as … 和什么一样
73 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事
eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早起 He is used to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉
He is used to working hard He is used to hard work 他习惯努力工作
74 be worth doing 值得做什么
75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事 be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句
76 because+句子 because of +短语
eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache
77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事 start…with…=begin…with… 以什么开始什么
eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home
78 between…and… 两者之间
79 borrow sth from sb 向……借…… lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借给……什么东西
eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen
80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同
81 bother 打扰 bother sb to do sth
eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station
我十分道歉打扰你,但是你能告诉我怎么去车站
the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题困扰了我几个周了
He's bothering me to lend him money
82 by the end of 到……为止
83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang
84 care 关心 eg : Don't you care about this country's future ?你为什么不关心国家的未来
85 catch up with sb 赶上某人
86 chat with sb 和某人闲谈 take sb to + 地点 带某人去某地
87 come in 进来
88 come over to 过来
89 come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一个好办法吗?
90 communicate with sb 和某人交流
91 consider + doing 考虑做什么 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 为什么不考虑去泸州?
92 dance to 随着……跳舞 eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞
93 decide to do sth 决定做某事
94 do a survey of 做某方面的调查
95 do better in 在……方面做得更好
96 do wrong 做错
97 Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事
98 Don't mind +doing /从句 /名词 不要介意……
99 each +名(单)每一个…… eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书
100 end up +doing

⑧ 初中一年级全册英语重点语法和句式

初中英语语法归纳知识点
1.主语:
差不多所有的词语都可以做主语,主语一般在版句子的开端。权
(特别)形式主语:
例句分析:To teach him is my job=It's my job to teach him.
这样主语就是to teach him,it为形式主语,代替to teach him.

2.谓语:
规则:1.助动词和动词一起构成谓语;
2.情态动词和动词一起构成谓语;
3.连系动词和表语一起构成谓语。
注意:(这里的动词都是实义动词,表语是跟在连系动词后面的词。)
常见的连系动词有:be动词,sound,taste,become,turn,grow,keep......

3.状语:
表示 目的,地点,方式,程度,时间等的词叫做这个句子中的状语。
例句:(In order) to teach him ,I must work hard.
这里不定式做句子的目的状语。
He did it very carefully.
carefully 作句子的程度状语。

4.句型注意事项:
1.如果句子中谓语是及物动词,后面就是宾语
2.如果句子中的谓语是不及物动词,后面的就是句子的状语

⑨ 我想知道小学一年级英语是学什么的啊他们要学语法了吗

小学一年级不学语法,主要是掌握一些常用的句子,比如How
are
you?
之类的,让你们体会说英语的感觉.

⑩ 人教版英语七年级上册主要学习哪些语法

1. 名词所有格
名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系,通常用名词所有格的形式,意为"……的"。一般有以下几种形式:

(1). 一般情况下在词尾加"'s"。例如:
Kate's father Kate的爸爸
my mother's friend 我妈妈的朋友

(2). 如果复数名词以s结尾,只加"'"。例如:
Teachers' Day 教师节
The boys' game 男孩们的游戏

(3). 如果复数名词不以s结尾,仍加"'s"。例如:
Children's Day 儿童节
Women's Day 妇女节

(4). 表示两个或几个共有时,所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如:
Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房间
Kate and Jim's father Kate 和Jim的爸爸

动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"'s",而常常用介词of的短语来表示。
a map of China 一幅中国地图
the name of her cat 她的猫的名字
a picture of my family 我的家庭的一张照片
the door of the bedroom 卧室的门

2. 祈使句
祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语,读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌,常在句首或句尾加please 。在句尾时,please前多用逗号。

(1). 祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。
Go and see. 去看看。
Come in, please. 请进。

(2). 祈使句的否定形式常用don't于句首。
Don't look at your books. 不要看书。
Don't play on the road. 不要在马路上玩。

3. There be 的句子结构

There be是一个"存在"句型,表示"有"的意思,
肯定句的形式为:There be + 名词(单数或复数)+地点状语或时间状语。
be动词单复数的确定,看be后边第一个名词,当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时,be动词形式为is;当所接主语为复数名词时,be动词为are;当be动词后接两个以上主语时,be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为"某地有某人或某物"。如:
There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。
There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。

(1)there be的否定句,即在be的后面加上not。
否定形式为:There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语。
There is not any cat in the room. 房间里没猫。
There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上没书。

(2)there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首:Be there + (any) +名词+地点状语?肯定回答:Yes, there is / are. 否定回答:No, there isn't / aren't.
---Is there a dog in the picture? 画上有一只狗吗?
---Yes, there is. 有。
---Are there any boats in the river? 河里有船吗?
---No, there aren't. 没有。

(3)特殊疑问句:How many . . . are there (+地点状语)?"某地有多少人或物?"回答用There be . . .
There's one. / There are two / three / some . . .
有时直接就用数字来回答。One. / Two . . .
---How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少学生?
---There's only one. / There are nine. 只有一个。/有九个。

(4)如果名词是不可数名词,用:How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语?
How much water is there in the cup? 杯中有多少水?
How much food is there in the bowl? 碗里有多少食物?
[第一类] 名词类
1. 这些女老师们在干什么?

[误] What are the woman teachers doing?

[正] What are the women teachers doing?

[析] 在英语中,当一名词作定语修饰另一名词(单或复数形式)时,作定语的名词一般要用其单数形式;但当man, woman作定语修饰可数名词复数形式时,要用其复数形式men, women.

2. 房间里有多少人?

[误] How many peoples are there in the room?

[正] How many people are there in the room?

[析] people作“人、人们”解时,是个集合名词,其单复数同形。

3. 我想为我儿子买两瓶牛奶。

[误] I want to buy two bottle of milk for my son.

[正] I want to buy two bottles of milk for my son.

[析] 表示不可数名词的数量时,常用“a / an或数词+表量的可数名词+ of + 不可数名词”这一结构,其中当数词大于1时,表量的可数名词要用其复数形式
[第二类] 动词类

4. 你妹妹通常什么时候去上学?

[误] What time does your sister usually goes to school?

[正] What time does your sister usually go to school?

[析] 借助助动词do(或does)构成疑问句或否定句时,句中的谓语动词用其原形。

5. 琳达晚上经常做作业,但今晚她在看电视。

[误] Linda often do her homework in the evening, but this evening she watching TV.

[正] Linda often does her homework in the evening, but this evening she is watching TV.

[析] 在初一英语学习阶段,我们接触到了两种主要时态:一般现在时和现在进行时。一般现在时表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常和often, usually, sometimes 等时间状语连用。在一般现在时的句子中,若主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词要用其第三人称单数形式。现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行或发生的动作,现在进行时由be(am / is / are)+ving形式构成。

6. 这双鞋是红色的。

[误] This pair of shoes are red.

[正] This pair of shoes is red.

[析] 在shoes, trousers, gloves, glasses等表示成双成对的衣物或工具名词前用pair(表计量)修饰时,谓语动词的形式由pair的单复数形式来决定。

[第三类] 代词类

7. 这张票是她的,不是我的。

[误] This is hers ticket. It’s not my.

[正] This is her ticket. It’s not mine.

[析] 物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之分。形容词性物主代词之后一定要接名词,而名词性物主代词之后不需接任何词。

8. 吴老师教我们英语。

[误] Miss Wu teaches our English.

[正] Miss Wu teaches us English.

[析] teach sb. sth..中的sb.作teach的宾语,因此当sb.为人称代词时要用其宾格形式。

[第四类] 介词类

9. 你能找到这个问题的答案吗?

[误] Can you find the answer of this question?

[正] Can you find the answer to this question?

[析] 英语中用“the answer to …”表示“……的答案”。类似结构还有the key to the door, the way to the zoo等。

10. 格林先生星期六上午来这里。

[误] Mr. Green will come here in Sunday evening.

[正] Mr. Green will come here on Sunday evening.

[析] 表示在上午、下午等时,介词要用in;而表示在具体的某天上午、下午时,介词要用on.

11. 那个穿着红裙子的小女孩是我们老师的女儿。

[误] That little girl on a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.

[正] That little girl in a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.

[析] 用介词表示“穿戴衣物”时,只能用in,其他介词没有此用法。

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