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英语中的五大语法

发布时间:2021-01-11 06:09:04

『壹』 英语中语法那些全列举出来

简单说说吧:非限定动词非限定动词又称非谓语动词,即在句中不能单独作谓语,不受主语的人称和数的限制。非谓语动词有三种,即不定式、分词和动名词。本单元要求学员掌握三种非谓语动词的基本形式和用法;掌握不定时的被动式;不带to 的不定式;三种非谓语动词的复合结构(即带逻辑主语的不定式、分词和动名词)的形式及用法;现在分词与过去分词的区别;动名词与不定式的比较;现在分词与不定式的比较等。虚拟语气语气是一种动词形式,用以表示说话者的意图或态度。虚拟语气表示所说的话只是一种主观的愿望、假设或建议等。虚拟语气可以用在非真实条件句、主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和定语从句中。本单元要求学员掌握虚拟语气的基本形式和用法;掌握情态动词用于虚拟语气;了解含蓄条件句;掌握虚拟时态与谓语动词时态的关系等。介词我们经常在名词或名词短语、代词或动名词前用介词表示人物、事件等与其它句子成分的关系。介词后面的名词或相当于名词的词语叫介词宾语。介词可表示地点、时间、比较、反对、原因、手段、所属、条件、让步、关于、对于、根据等。介词及其宾语构成介词短语,在句中担任后置定语、状语、表语等语法成分。本单元要求熟记常用介词及介词与其它此类的搭配。基本句型结构句子按其结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。只存在一个主谓关系的句子叫简单句,即一个主语部分和一个谓语部分组成。当我们需要把几个意思连在一起时,可用标点符号或等立连词或连接副词把几个简单句连接成一个并列句。它们之间的关系是同等的。当一个句子由一个逐句和一个或从句构成时,这就是复合句。复合句的主语往往可以独立存在,从句则只作一个句子成分。本单元重点掌握疑问句,弄清楚各种疑问句的结构及用法,能正确完成附加疑问句部分,能回答各种疑问句。掌握简单句、并列句及复合句的句型结构;学会简单句与并列句、简单句与复合句、并列句与复合句的转换;学会将直接引语变为间接引语;掌握名词从句的用法。 摘自 http://ke..com/view/328219.htm

『贰』 英语语法有哪些

首先我们来了解英语学习的本质。我们学习英语,为的是日后工作学习专无障碍沟通交流属。英语不比数学和语文,它不是一门学问,不需要深入研究,只要多多练习,多说多用就能学会了。

现在,所有的传统线下英语培训机构以英语语法和单词为主,基本没有练习和开口的机会,即使学一年两年下来,也不会有任何效果。网上英语培训机构大多都是以说为目的的英语教学,全程外教一对一上课,只要你不开口,课程就无法继续,网上英语培训,阿西吧外教就不错,他们是纯外教一对一在线授课,课程可定制,平均一节课10-20元,还有英语免费试听课程:【试课地址】

『叁』 英语中有多少种语法

一般时复.
一般现在时,现在进制行时.现在进行完成时.一般
一般过去时.一般将来时.现在完成时
过去时.
一般过去时.过去完成时.过去完成进行时,一般过去将来时.
被动语态
不定时的被动语态.完成时的被动语态.一般被动语台.
从句.从句有分很多.
具体,买本语法书回家慢慢学.
总的只有几类.但分讲,很多.但学会,很容易

『肆』 五大基本句型和英语语法

英语简单句自5种基本基本句型:

+
谓(不及物动词)
S+V
eg
the
birds
are
f
lying

+
谓(及物动词)宾
S+V
+O
eg.dogs
like
bones

+
谓(及物动词)宾
+
宾补
S+V
+O
+OC
he
makes
me
laugh
.

+
谓(及物动词)直接宾
+
间接

S+V
+DO
+IO
eg
mum
bought
me
a
book

+
谓(联系动词)
+表语
S+V
+P
英语语法涉及的知识点太多,此处就不列出来了。

『伍』 英语中的所有语法知识点

1.
各类词性,如:冠词、名词、数词、代词、形容词、副词、连词、动内词容、助动词、情态动词等等;
2.
句子的分类:简单句;复合句,包括并列复合句和主从复合句,其中后者包括含有下列从句:名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句);定语从句(形容词性从句);状语从句(副词性从句)
3.
句子的基本结构:主语+谓语;主语+谓语+宾语;主语+谓语+双宾语;主语+谓语+复合宾语;主语+连系动词+表语
4.
句子的语气:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句
5.
虚拟语气
6.
倒装语序
7.
省略
8.
it的用法

『陆』 英语中什么是语法(具体点)!!!

语法是语言学的一个分支,研究按确定用法来运用的词类、词的屈折变化或表示相互关系的其他手段以及词在句中的功能和关系
语言的结构规律。包括词法和句法。词法指词的构成及变化规律;句法指短语和句子的组织规律。
语法是语言表达的规则。各种语言都有不同的语法,包括人类语言和计算机语言等。语法学是语言学的一部分。
现代语法学包括语音学、音系学(见音韵学)、形态学(词法)、句法学、语义学。
数据通信中的意思
语法:数据及控制信息的格式、编码及信号电平等。
rules of a language governing the sounds, words, sentences, and other elements, as well as their combination and interpretation. The word grammar also denotes the study of these abstract features or a book presenting these rules. In a restricted sense, the term refers only to the study of sentence and word structure (syntax and morphology), excluding vocabulary and pronunciation.
A common contemporary definition of grammar is the underlying structure of a language that any native speaker of that language knows intuitively. The systematic description of the features of a language is also a grammar. These features are the phonology (sound), morphology (system of word formation), syntax (patterns of word arrangement), and semantics (meaning). Depending on the grammarian's approach, a grammar can be prescriptive (i.e., provide rules for correct usage), descriptive (i.e., describe how a language is actually used), or generative (i.e., provide instructions for the proction of an infinite number of sentences in a language). The traditional focus of inquiry has been on morphology and syntax, and for some contemporary linguists (and many traditional grammarians) this is the only proper domain of the subject.
In Europe the Greeks were the first to write grammars. To them, grammar was a tool that could be used in the study of Greek literature; hence their focus on the literary language. The Alexandrians of the 1st century BC further developed Greek grammar in order to preserve the purity of the language. Dionysus Thrax of Alexandria later wrote an influential treatise called The Art of Grammar, in which he analyzed literary texts in terms of letters, syllables, and eight parts of speech.
The Romans adopted the grammatical system of the Greeks and applied it to Latin. Except for Varro, of the 1st century BC, who believed that grammarians should discover structures, not dictate them, most Latin grammarians did not attempt to alter the Greek system and also sought to protect their language from decay. Whereas the model for the Greeks and Alexandrians was the language of Homer, the works of Cicero and Virgil set the Latin standard. The works of Donatus (4th century AD) and Priscian (6th century AD), the most important Latin grammarians, were widely used to teach Latin grammar ring the European Middle Ages. In medieval Europe, ecation was concted in Latin, and Latin grammar became the foundation of the liberal arts curriculum. Many grammars were composed for students ring this time. Aelfric, the abbot of Eynsham (11th century), who wrote the first Latin grammar in Anglo-Saxon, proposed that this work serve as an introction to English grammar as well. Thus began the tradition of analyzing English grammar according to a Latin model.
The modistae, grammarians of the mid-13th to mid-14th century who viewed language as a reflection of reality, looked to philosophy for explanations of grammatical rules. The modistae sought one “universal” grammar that would serve as a means of understanding the nature of being. In 17th-century France a group of grammarians from Port-Royal were also interested in the idea of universal grammar. They claimed that common elements of thought could be discerned in grammatical categories of all languages. Unlike their Greek and Latin counterparts, the Port-Royal grammarians did not study literary language but claimed instead that usage should be dictated by the actual speech of living languages. Noting their emphasis on linguistic universals, the contemporary linguist Noam Chomsky called the Port-Royal group the first transformational grammarians.
Structural description of the sentence “The man will hit the ball,” assigned by the …
By 1700 grammars of 61 vernacular languages had been printed. These were written primarily for purposes of reforming, purifying, or standardizing language and were put to pedagogical use. Rules of grammar usually accounted for formal, written, literary language only and did not apply to all the varieties of actual, spoken language. This prescriptive approach long dominated the schools, where the study of grammar came to be associated with “parsing” and sentence diagramming. Opposition to teaching solely in terms of prescriptive and proscriptive (i.e., what must not be done) rules grew ring the middle decades of the 20th century.
The simplification of grammar for classroom use contrasted sharply with the complex studies that scholars of linguistics were concting about languages. During the 19th and early 20th centuries the historical point of view flourished. Scholars who realized that every living language was in a constant state of flux studied all types of written records of modern European languages to determine the courses of their evolution. They did not limit their inquiry to literary languages but included dialects and contemporary spoken languages as well. Historical grammarians did not follow earlier prescriptive approaches but were interested, instead, in discovering where the language under study came from.
As a result of the work of historical grammarians, scholars came to see that the study of language can be either diachronic (its development through time) or synchronic (its state at a particular time). The Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure and other descriptive linguists began studying the spoken language. They collected a large sample of sentences proced by native speakers of a language and classified their material starting with phonology and working their way to syntax.
Generative, or transformational, grammarians of the second half of the 20th century, such as Noam Chomsky, studied the knowledge that native speakers possess which enables them to proce and understand an infinite number of sentences. Whereas descriptivists like Saussure examined samples of indivial speech to arrive at a description of a language, transformationalists first studied the underlying structure of a language. They attempted to describe the “rules” that define a native speaker's “competence” (unconscious knowledge of the language) and account for all instances of the speaker's “performance” (strategies the indivial uses in actual sentence proction). See generative grammar; transformational grammar.
The study of grammatical theory has been of interest to philosophers, anthropologists, psychologists, and literary critics over the centuries. Today, grammar exists as a field within linguistics but still retains a relationship with these other disciplines. For many people, grammar still refers to the body of rules one must know in order to speak or write “correctly.” However, from the last quarter of the 20th century a more sophisticated awareness of grammatical issues has taken root, especially in schools. In some countries, such as Australia and the United Kingdom, new English curricula have been devised in which grammar is a focus of investigation, avoiding the prescriptivism of former times and using techniques that promote a lively and thoughtful spirit of inquiry.
语法在大英网络全书的定义:统摄声音,文字,句子和其他要素,以及它们的组合和解释的语言规范。“语法”这个词也指对这些抽象特征的研究,或这些规则的指南手册。严格意义上说,“语法”这个术语是指对于句子和词语结构(句法和形态学)的研究,但不包括词汇和发音。
一个普遍接受的当代语法定义是:以一种语言为母语的任何人靠直觉就知道的语言结构。对语言特征的系统描述也是一种语法,而这些特征包括音位学(声音) ,形态学(系统构词) ,句法(词语安排模式)和语义(意思) 。根据语法学家的研究,语法可以规范(即提供一些正确用法的规则) ,描述(即,描述了语言实际上是如何使用的) ,或生成(即提供一种指导,使无限的句子在一种语言中产生) 。传统的调查重点,在于形态学和句法,对于一些当代语言学家(和许多传统的语法学家),这是唯一正确的研究领域。
在欧洲,希腊人最早写关于语法的著作。对他们来说,语法是一个工具,可以用来研究希腊文学,因此他们的重点是文学语言。公元前一世纪的Alexandrians进一步发展希腊语法,以保持纯净的语言。亚历山大的狄俄尼索斯后来写出一篇影响深远的论文,称为《语法的艺术》,他在其中分析文学文本中的字母,音节,和八段话语。
古罗马人接受了希腊人的语法体系,并运用于拉丁语。除了公元前一世纪的瓦罗Varro认为语法学家应该发现结构,而不是强行指定结构,大多数拉丁语法学家没有试图改变希腊系统,还设法保护他们的语言避免衰败。希腊人和亚历山大人的语言模型是荷马的语言,西塞罗和维吉尔的作品设定了拉丁语的语法标准。最重要的拉丁语语法学家多纳图斯(公元4世纪)和普里西安(公元6世纪)的作品在欧洲中世纪被广泛用于拉丁文语法教学。中世纪的欧洲的教育使用的是拉丁文,拉丁语语法成为人文教育的基础课程。 恩斯罕的修道院长,阿尔弗里克Aelfric( 11世纪) ,第一个写拉丁语语法的盎格鲁撒克逊人,建议以此引入英语语法。从此,开始了依据拉丁语法的英语语法分析的传统。
第13世纪中叶至14世纪中叶的语法学家认为语言是现实的反映,从哲学中寻求解释语法的规则。他们寻求一个“普遍”的语法universal grammar,以此作为了解存在being的手段。在十七世纪的法国,来自罗亚尔港的一些语法学家也对这种普遍语法感兴趣。他们声称,思想的共同要素可以在所有语言的语法类别中辨识出来。与希腊语和拉丁语的语法学家不同,罗亚尔港语法学家没有研究文学语言,他们认为语言的用法应当取决于实际的生活语言。当代语言学家乔姆斯基也注意到对语言的共性的强调,他称罗亚尔港派为第一批转型语法学家。
到1700年,61种方言语法书已经印制。这些书的目的主要是改革,净化,或规范语言,并用于教学。当时语法规则通常仅仅用于正式,书面,文学的语言,并不适用于纷繁复杂的实际口语。这一规范性的手段长期在学校占主导地位,学生们对语法的学习往往和“解析”以及句子图解联系在一起。在20世纪的中后期,对于这种仅仅关注规范性和禁止性(即,什么不能做)规则的语法教育,出现了越来越多的反对声音。
课堂语法的简化和语言学家的复杂研究形成了鲜明对比。19世纪到20世纪初,历史主义观点蓬勃发展。认识到每一种现存的语言都是在不断变化中的学者们研究了欧洲语言所有类型的书面记录,以确定其演变路径。他们没有局限于文学语言,还研究了方言和当代口头语。历史主义的语法学家没有采用先前的规范性办法,但更加关注他们研究的语言的来源。
由于历史主义语法学家的工作,学者们看到,语言的研究可以是历时性的(其贯穿历史的发展)或同步性的(在特定的时间段的状态)。瑞士语言学家索绪尔和其他描述性语言学家开始研究口头语。他们收集了大量操母语者的语句样本,对这些材料进行分类,从音位学入手,一直研究到句法。
20世纪后半叶的转换生成语法学家,如乔姆斯基,研究了操母语者能生成和理解无限句子所需要的知识。而像索绪尔那样的描述语言学家则去审查单个话语样本,以求达到描述一种语言的目的。转换生成语法学家首先研究了语言的潜在结构。他们试图描述一种能够定义操母语者语言“能力”(底层的语言知识)的“规则”,解释说话人的种种“表现”(语言生成时的实际策略)。
在过去的千百年里,语法理论引起了哲学家,人类学家,心理学家和文学批评家的兴趣。今天,语法存在于语言学领域之内,但仍保留了与其他许多学科的联系。对于很多人来说,语法仍然指的是一整套必须知道,以保证“正确”语言输出的规则,然而,从20世纪后25年以来,对语法研究的更为复杂的意识,已经在学校生根发芽。在一些国家,如澳大利亚,英国,新的英语课程中语法是重点,而且避免之前僵硬的规范,提倡生动而深刻的调查精神。

『柒』 英语中有哪些重要的语法

一虚拟语气

1) 概念
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。

2) 在条件句中的应用
条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。

虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略,再把were, should或had 移到从句句首,实行倒装。
Were they here now, they could help us.
=If they were here now, they could help us.
Had you come earlier, you would have met him
=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
Should it rain, the crops would be saved.
=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.

注意:
在虚拟语气的从句中,动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were",不用was, 即在从句中be用were代替。
If I were you, I would go to look for him.
如果我是你,就会去找他。

If he were here, everything would be all right.
如果他在这儿,一切都会好的。

二祈使语气

祈使语气表示劝告、命令、希望或禁止等,用原形动词开始,主语常被省略。
Give me some candies first.
先给我些糖果。

祈使语气表示恳求、建议或邀请。
Be a good boy. Tell me, please.
要做个好孩子。请告诉我吧。
Speak more slowly, please.
请讲慢些。
三省略句
省略句是省略了一个或多个句子成分, 如主语、述语动词或子句的句子。
在不会引起误解或非正式场合, 句子的主语可以省略。
(It) Looks like rain.
看起来要下雨。
对等连接词and连接两个并列的子句,若两句中的述语动词相同,第二句中的动词可以省略。
I am a doctor, and my wife (is) a teacher.
我是个医生,我妻子是教师。

四定语从句
定语从句
1.在句子中充当形容词用的子句是形容词子句。

2.形容词子句可修饰人或物,用关系代名词who,which,that等连接。

The teacher blamed the boy that(who) broke the window.

老师责备了打坏窗子的男孩。

that broke the window是形容词子句,修饰the boy。

It must be a toy car that(which) can be assembled.

一定是个能组装的玩具车。

that(which) can be assembled是形容词子句,修饰a toy car。

He was reading a book that(which) was written by Mark Twain.

他在读一本马克吐温写的书。

which was written by Mark Twain是形容词子句,修饰a book
五状语从句---副词子句
1.在句子中起副词作用的子句是副词子句。
2.副词子句表示时间。
Before it gets dark, I’ll come back.
天黑以前我会回来。
After it gets dark, the children go back home.
天黑以后孩子们回家。

六从句与先行词一致
1. 子句与先行词一致主要指形容词子句的关系代名词和述语动词与主要子句的先行词的一致。
2. 关系代名词who, which, that在形容词子句中作主语时,人称、性、数以及述语动词必须和先行词一致。
I, who am your friend, can help you.
我作为你的朋友可以帮助你。
七不定式
不定词的简单式由to+原形动词构成,其动作与主要动词同时发生,或发生在主要动词之后。
I am glad to see you.
我见到你很高兴。
He promised to raise money for us.
他答应为我们筹备款项。

八被动语态用得不如主动语态多,但在某些情况下须要用或宜用被动语态。

1.不知道或不必指明动作的发出者时用被动语态。

He was born in 1971.

他出生于1971年。

The origin of the universe will probably never be explained.

宇宙的起源大概永远不会有答案。

2.要强调或突出动作的承受者时用被动语态。

The plan has already been canceled.

这个计划已经取消。

『捌』 英语中的语法有哪些

太多了,lz去看看语法书吧。
有没有具体想问的问题,可以帮你解答

『玖』 英语中哪些语法很重要

作为国人,最难掌握的是情态动词,从句和非谓语动词。因为这些和汉语的语版法差别最大权,在学习过程中很难完成迁移。但是语法并不仅限于句法,掌握常用3000单词的固定搭配也是很重要的。
你可以买一本比较详细的语法书,再结合大量的阅读(最好是英文报纸等原版的英文资料)加以巩固。

『拾』 英语语法中原形变成比较级的五大规律是什么

规律:
单音词的变化:(四条)
①一般情况: +er(比较级) +est(最高级)
例如:quiet--quieter--the quietest
bright--brighter---the brightest 明亮/聪明的
clever--cleverer--the cleverest
②词末回为--e(不发音)答+ r --+st
例如:fine--finer--the finest
nice--nicer--the nicest
cute--cuter--the cutest
free--freer--freest(特殊)
③重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母的:
双写辅音字母+er--双写辅音字母+est
例如:wet--wetter--the wettest
fat--fatter--the fattest
fit--fitter--fittest

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