九年级英语苏教版语法总结

① 八年级下册英语语法 2014苏教版

可能会有点乱

afford to do sth.
负担得起做某事

choose to do sth.
（选择后）决定做某事

decide to do sth.
决定做某事

ask to do sth.

要求做某是

expect to do sth.

期待做某事

hope to do sth.

希望做某事

help to do sth.

帮组做某事

manage to do sth.

设法做某事

learn to do sth.

学习做某事

plan to do sth.

计划做某事

offer to do sth.

主动提供做某事

pretend to do sth.

假装做某事

prepare to do sth.

准备做某事

refuse to do sth.

拒绝做某事

advise sb. to do sth.

建议某人做某事

allow sb. to do sth.

允许某人做某事

ask sb. to do sth.

请（叫）某人做某事

bear sb. to do sth.

忍受某人做某事

cause sb. to do sth.

导致某人做某事

keepsb.out不让某人进入
What'swrong?=What'sthematter?=What'stheproblem?怎么了？
outofstyle不时髦的；过时的
callsb.up给某人打电话
payforsth.为某事付款
part-timejob兼职工作
thesameas=besame(to/with)与……同样
instyle时髦的；流行的
geton[well]withsb.=getalong[well]withsb.与某人相处（好）
didn't=didnot
couldn't=couldnot
as...aspossible尽可能……(eg/assoonaspossible尽快)
allkindsof各种；许多
ontheonehand一方面
ontheotherhand另一方面
asksb.forsth.=asksb.todosth.请求某人做某事
asksb.nottodosth.请求某人不要做某事
spend(money)onsth.=spend(money)[in]doingsth.花钱做某事
sth.costsb.(money)某人花钱为了某事
takesb.sometimetodosth.花某人时间做某事
findout查明
findsb.doingsth.发现某人做某事
beangrywithsb.生某人的气
beangryatsth.生某事的气
thesameageas=asoldas与某人年龄一样
havefightwithsb.与某人打架
learntodosth.学会做某事
not...until...直到……才……
comparesth.(A)withsth.(B)把某事(A)与某事(B)作比较
it'stimeforsth.=it'stimetodosth.到该做某事的时间了
maybeadv.或许
maybe（情态动词+动词原形）可能是
shall→should情态动词shall的原形和过去式
pay→paid→paid动词pay的原形、过去式和过去分词

BAIDU_CLB_fillSlot( '920314' );

BAIDU_CLB_fillSlot( '920966' );

BAIDU_CLB_fillSlot( '920970' );

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（2） and连接的几个从句，第二个从句以后的从句的that不省略。 （3）在动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句结构中，that不省略。

2.Whether ,if 引导宾语从句：两词可互换，但是下列情形除外： （1）whether从句中有or not （2）whether从句做介词宾语

3.许多带复合宾语的句子，宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it做形式宾语。结构常是：

主语+动词+it+形容词/名词等宾语补足语+宾语从句

状语从句

状语从句表示状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。

状语从句的种类

1.时间状语从句 2.地点状语从句 3.原因状语从句 4.条件状语从句 5.目的状语从句 6.让步状语从句 7.比较状语从句 8.方式状语从句 9.结果状语从句

状语从句的时态特点

一般情况下，时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”，用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”。

一、时间状语从句

概念：

在复合句中，由时间连接词引导的状语从句叫做时间状语从句。(在复合句中，要注意主句和从句的时态大多都要保持一致。）

要点:

时间状语从句，由以下连词引导： when while as after before as soon as since till /until by the time 在时间状语从句中，要注意时态一致。一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。

1.when在...的时候 2.while在...期间

3.as在...的同时；一边...一边...

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4.after在...之后 5.before 在...之前ぃ 6.as soon as 一。。。就。。。 7.since 自。。。以来 到现在

表示自过去的一个起始时间点到目前(说话时间)为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。还可以用作介词，本句从句还可以用短语：since three years ago(从三年前至今)表示。

8 till /until直到。。。

都可以作连词，连接时间状语，也可以作介词，与其它词构成介词短语，在句中作状语。（强调将一般用until）

9. by the time 到。。。为止

二、地点状语从句

概念：

地点状语从句 (adverbial clause of place) 地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导，已经形成了固定的句型，

要点:

由连词where和复合关系词wherever (=no matter where )引导. 例如：

句型1：

Where＋地点从句，（there）＋主句。 【注意】此句型通常译成“哪里„„哪里就„„”；主句在从句后面时，there可用可不用；如果主句在从句的前面时，一般都不用there。

句型2：

Anywhere/ wherever＋地点从句，＋主句。 【注意】anywhere本身是个副词，但是，常可以引导从句，相当于连词，意思相似于wherever, anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。 而wherever本身就是个连词，表示“在何处，无论何处”。

三、条件状语从句

要点： 条件状语从句由连词if, unless (=if not) 引导。

四、原因状语从句

要点: 由连词because, since, as引导, 也可由for, now that 等词引导 1） because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而

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易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。

2） 由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。

3) as和for的区别：通常情况下，as引导的从句在主句前，for引导的从句在主句后。

五、目的状语从句

要点： 目的状语从句由连词that, so that, so„that , in order that 引导。 1.so that 以至, 以便 2.in order that=so that:为了 3.despite= in spite of

六、结果状语从句

要点：结果状语从句由连词( so )that, so„that, such„that, so much/many„that引导。

1.so„that 如此„以至于 2.such„that 如此。。。以至

3.比较：so和 such 其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little(这四个形容词表多或表少时)连用，形成固定搭配。 so foolish such a fool so nice a flower such a nice flower so many / few flowers such nice flowers so much / little money. such rapid progress so many people such a lot of people （ so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。） so„that与such„that之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。

七、让步状语从句

要点: 表示让步的状语从句由连词 though, although引导. 注意：

a. 句首名词不能带任何冠词。

b. 句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。

八、比较状语从句

要点：比较状语从句主要运用于形容词和副词的原级，比较级及最高级的句子之中。

原级

as„as 和。。。一样

比较级

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more„than (更)

最高级

1.The most„in/of

2. the + 形容词+est„of/in

九、方式状语从句

方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as„so„, as if, as though引导。

1） as, (just) as„so„引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as„so„结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是"正如„"，"就像"，多用于正式文体，

2） as if, as though 两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作"仿佛„„似的"，"好像„„似的"

附加疑问句

概念

附加疑问句由陈述句加简短附加问句构成，用以要求对方证实所述之事。附加疑问句主要有两种：一类是反意的附加疑问句，另一类是非反意附加疑问句。

反意疑问句

1 英语中，反意疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。其中附加疑问句是对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问，起证实作用，一般用于证实说话者所说的事实或观点。

2、反意疑问句用法说明 ◇注意： 反意疑问句前后两部分谓语应是，“肯定陈述＋否定疑问”或“否定陈述＋肯定疑问” 简略问句如果是否定式，not应与be，do，will等系动词、助动词、情态动词缩写 简略问句的主语不用名词，应用人称代词 当说话者的目的不在疑问，而是为了加强语气时，用降调 当说话者的目的在疑问，则用升调 陈述部分含“too...to”时，是否定句

用法

1) 陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 aren't I.

2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。

3) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。

4) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't

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+主语。正式文体用should/ought +主语+not形式。

5) 陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用don't +主语（didn't +主语）。

6) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。 7) 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?

8) 陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。 9) 陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。 10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。 11) 感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。 12) 陈述部分由neither„ nor, either„ or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。

13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。

含义的词

ought to（肯定的） shouldn't/ oughtn't +主语 have to+v.(had to+v.) don't +主语(didn't +主语) used to didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语 had better + v. hadn't you would rather + v. wouldn't +主语 you'd like to + v.

wouldn't +主语 must 根据实际情况而定 感叹句中 be +主语 Neither„nor, either„or 连接的根 据其实际逻辑意义而定 并列主语 指示代词或不定代词 everything,that, 主语用it nothing,this 并列复合句 谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定 定语从句,宾语从句的 主从复合句 根据主句的谓语而定 think,believe,expect, suppose,imagine等引导 与宾语从句相对应的从句 everybody,anyone, somebody,nobody,no one 复数they, 单数he 情态动词dare或need need (dare ) +主语 dare, need 为实义动词 do +主语 省去主语的祈使句 will you/won't you/can't you？ Let's 开头的祈使句 Shall we? Let us 开头的祈使句 Will you? there be 相应的谓语动词+there(省略主语代词） 否定前缀不能视为否定词 仍用否定形式

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③ 苏教版初一英语语法总结能不能给我一份 初一上册英语

一、初一英语语法——词法 1、名词
A）、名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下：一）在后面加s.以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es
如：baby-babies, family-families, ty-ties, comedy-comedies,
documentary-documentaries, story-stories 2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s.如：day-days,
boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四）以o结尾加s（外来词）.如：radios, photos,
但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿,
potatoes马铃薯五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s).如：knife-knives, wife-wives,
half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七）一般只有复数,没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes,
socks 八）单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局,警察, class班,同学,
family家,家庭成员九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词.如：action movie-action movies, pen
pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数.如：man doctor-men doctors,
woman teacher-women teachers 十）有的单复数意思不同.如：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸
papers报纸,卷子,论文, work工作 works作品,工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼镜, orange桔子水
oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数,
chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡十一） 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s.如：Is (I’s), Ks
(K’s).但如是缩略词则只加s.如：IDs, VCDs, SARs 十二） 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men,
woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen,
Englishman-Englishmen
B）名词的格当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用所有格形式.构成如下：一）单数在后面加’s.如：brother’s, Mike’s,
teacher’s 二）复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理.如：Teachers’ Day教师节,
classmates’; Children’s Day六一节, Women’s
Day三八节三）由and并列的名词所有时,如果是共同所有同一人或物时,只加最后一个’s,但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理.如：Mike and
Ben’s room迈克和本的房间（共住一间）,Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间（各自的房间） 2、代词项目 人称代词
物主代词 指示代词 反身代词人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our
ours ourselves 第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours
yourselves 第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself he him his his himself it
it its its this that itself 复数 they them their theirs these those
themselves 3、动词 A）
第三人称单数当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s,如下：一）一般在词后加s.如：comes, spells, waits,
talks, sees, dances, trains 二）在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es.如：watches, washes,
wishes, finishes 三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es.如：study-studies, hurry-hurries,
try-tries 2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s.如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
四）以o结尾加es.如：does, goes 五）特殊的有：are-is, have-has B）
现在分词当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下：一）一般在后加ing.如：spell-spelling,
sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying,
watch-watching, go-going, do-doing 二）以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing.如：dance-dancing,
wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing,
have-having 三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如show –showing,
draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing.如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting,
let-letting, begin-beginning 四）以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing.如：tie-tying系 die-dying死
lie-lying 位于 4、形容词的级我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时,则要使用比较或最高级形式.构成如下：一）
一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st).如：greater-greatest, shorter –shortest,
taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest
二）以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母＋1个辅音字母(字母组合除外,如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er
/est.如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest 三）
以辅音字母＋y结尾的变y为i加er/est.如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest,
friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly),
busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest 四）特殊情况：(两好多坏,一少老远)
good/well-better best,many/much-more most,bad/ill-worse
worst,little-less least,old-older/elder
oldest/eldest,far-farther/further farthest/furthest 5、数词
(基变序,有规则；一、二、三,自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y结尾,变为i, eth跟上去.) first, second,
third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth,
hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth
二、初一英语语法——句式 1.陈述句肯定陈述句 a) This is a book. (be动词) b) He looks very
young. (连系动词) c) I want a sweat like this. (实义动词) d) I can bring some
things to school. (情态动词) e) There’s a computer on my desk. (There be结构)
否定陈述句 a) These aren’t their books. b) They don’t look nice. c) Kate
doesn’t go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate can’t find her doll. e) There
isn’t a cat here. (=There’s no cat here.) 2. 祈使句 肯定祈使句 a) Please go and
ask the man. b) Let’s learn English! c) Come in, please. 否定祈使句 a) Don’t
be late. b) Don’t hurry. 3. 疑问句 1) 一般疑问句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I
help you? c) Does she like salad? d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she
reading? 肯定回答 a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes,
they do. e) Yes, she is. 否定回答: a) No, he isn’t. b) No, you can’t. c) No,
she doesn’t. d) No, they don’t. e) No, she isn’t. 2) 选择疑问句 Is the table
big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small. 3) 特殊疑问句 1 问年龄 How old is Lucy?
She is twelve. 2 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action
movies and comedies. 3 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine. 4 问方式
How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K. How do we contact you? My e-mail
address is [email protected]. 5 问原因 Why do you want to join the club? 6
问时间 What’s the time? (=What time is it?) It’s a quarter to ten a.m..
What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock. When do you want
to go? Let’s go at 7:00. 7 问地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the
table. 8 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue. What’s your
favourite color? It’s black. 9 问人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister. Who is
the boy in blue? My brother. Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma. Who
are Lisa and Tim talking to? 10 问东西 What’s this/that (in English)? It’s a
pencil case. What else can you see in the picture? I can see some
broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers. 11问姓名 What’s your aunt’s name?
Her name is Helen./She’s Helen. What’s your first name? My first name’s
Ben. What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith. 12 问哪一个 Which do
you like? I like one in the box. 13 问字母 What letter is it? It’s big
D/small f. 14 问价格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars. 15 问电话号码
What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349. 16 问谓语(动作) What’s he doing?
He’s watching TV. 17 问职业(身份) What do you do? I’m a teacher. What’s your
father? He’s a doctor. 三、初一英语语法——时态 1、一般现在时 表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时,它有：
Be 动词：She’s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker. 情态动词：I can
play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.
行为动词：They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes?
They don’t want to eat any tomatoes. Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina
have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch. 2、现在进行时
表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态,结构为sb be v-ing sth + 其它. I’m playing baseball. Are
you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball. Nancy is writing a
letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter. They’re
listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They
aren’t listening to the pop music. 回答者： Demo_sa | 一级 | 2010-4-24 15:53
一. 词汇 ⑴ 单词 1. 介词：in, on, under, behind, near, at, of 1). in表示"在……中",
"在……内".例如： in our class 在我们班上 in my bag 在我的书包里 in the desk 在桌子里 in the
classroom 在教室里 2). on 表示"在……上".例如： on the wall 在墙上 on the desk 在桌子上 on
the blackboard 在黑板上 3). under表示"在……下".例如： under the tree 在树下 under the
chair 在椅子下 under the bed 在床下 4). behind表示"在……后面".例如： behind the door 在门后
behind the tree 在树后 5). near表示"在……附近".例如： near the teacher's desk 在讲桌附近
near the bed 在床附近 6). at表示"在……处".例如： at school 在学校 at home 在家 at the
door 在门口 7). of 表示"……的".例如： a picture of our classroom 我们教室的一幅画 a map of
China 一张中国地图 2. 冠词 a / an / the:
冠词一般位于所限定的名词前,用来署名名词所指的人或事物.冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种.不定冠词有两个形式,即a和an.a用在以辅音音素开头的词前,如a
book; an用在以元音音素开头的字母前,如an apple. a或an与可数名词单数连用,泛指某类人或某物中的一个. This is a
cat. 这是一只猫. It's an English book. 这是一本英语书. His father is a worker.
他的爸爸是个工人. the既可以用在可数名词前,也可以用在不可数名词前,表示某个或某些特定的人或事物,也可以指上文提到过的人或事物. Who's
the boy in the hat? 戴帽子的男孩是谁呀? ------ What can you see in the
classroom? ------ I can see a bag. ------ Where's the bag? ------ It's
on the desk. ------- 你能在教室里看到什么呀? ------ 我能看见一个书包. ------ 书包在哪呀? ------
在桌子上. 3.some和any ①在肯定句中用some.例如： There are some books on the
desk.桌子上有一些书. Lucy has some good books露西有一些好书. ②在疑问句和否定句中用any.例如： Is
there any ink in your pen?你的钢笔里有墨水吗? Do you have any brothers and
sisters?你有兄弟姐妹吗? There isn't any water in the glass.杯子里没有水. ⑵记住它们的特殊用法.
①some亦可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中,这一点我们不久就会学到.例如： Would you like to
have some apples?你想吃苹果吗? ②any也可用于肯定句中,表示"任何的".例如： Any one of us can do
this.我们当中任何一个都能做这个. some 和any的用法是经常出现的考点,希望大家能准确地掌握它们的用法. 4.family
family看作为一个整体时,意思是"家庭",后面的谓语动词be用单数形式 is
；如把family看作为家庭成员时,应理解为复数,后面的谓语动词be应用are. My family is a big family.
我的家庭是个大家庭. My family are all at home now. 我的家人现在都在家.
Family强调由家人组成的一个集体或强调这个集体中的成员.home指个人出生、被抚养长大的环境和居住地点.
house指"家"、"房屋",侧重居住的建筑本身. His family are all workers. 他的家人都是工人. My home
is in Beijing. 我的家在北京. He isn't at home now. 他现在不在家. It's a picture of
my family. 这是一张我全家的照片. 5. little的用法 a little dog 一只小狗,a little boy
一个小男孩.little常用来修饰有生命的名词. *但little还可表示否定意义,意为"少的",加不可数名词. There is little
time. 几乎没时间了. There is little water in the cup. 杯中水很少. ⑵ 词组 on the desk
在桌子上 behind the chair 在椅子后 under the chair 在椅子下面 in her pencil-box
在她的铅笔盒中 near the door 在门附近 a picture of a classroom 一个教室的图片 look at the
picture 看这张图片 the teacher's desk 讲桌 a map of China 一张中国地图 family tree 家谱
have a seat 坐下,就坐 this way 这边走 二. 日常用语 1. Come and meet my family. 2.
Go and see. I think it's Li Lei. 3. Glad to meet you. 4. What can you
see in the picture? I can see a clock / some books. 5. Can you see an
orange? Yes, I can. / No, I can't. 6. Where's Shenzhen? It's near Hong
Kong. 7. Let me see.（口语）让我想想看. see 在这是"明白、懂了",不可译作"看见".例如： 8. Please
have a seat. seat表示"座位",是个名词.have a seat表示"就坐",也可以说take a seat, 和sit
down的意思相同. 三. 语法 1. 名词所有格
名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系,通常用名词所有格的形式,意为"……的".一般有以下几种形式： （1）. 一般情况下在词尾加"'s".例如：
Kate's father Kate的爸爸 my mother's friend 我妈妈的朋友 （2）.
如果复数名词以s结尾,只加"'".例如： Teachers' Day 教师节 The boys' game 男孩们的游戏 （3）.
如果复数名词不以s结尾,仍加"'s".例如： Children's Day 儿童节 Women's Day 妇女节 （4）.
表示两个或几个共有时,所有格应加在后一个名词上.例如： Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房间 Kate and
Jim's father Kate 和Jim的爸爸 动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"'s",而常常用介词of的短语来表示. a
map of China 一幅中国地图 the name of her cat 她的猫的名字 a picture of my family
我的家庭的一张照片 the door of the bedroom 卧室的门

④ 苏教版初一下学期英语课本上的语法重点

初一下语法总结网站http://www.docin.com/p-159919586.html
1.How do you do?第一次见面
---How do you do
2.It's great to do sth
3.what about ----n/doing
4.play the guitar/violin/piano
5.make sb do sth 使某人做某事
let sb do sth 让某人做某事
6.like/love/enjoy/hate doing sth
7.if+一般现在时.剩下部分一般将来时(will)
8.When someone is in trouble we mustn't laugh at him.
9.It's the +n beginning of a new term.
三种时态:
一般过去时态
Be动词过去式的句式。
否定句是在was/were后面加not, was not=wasn’t/were not=weren’t。
一般疑问句是把was/were提前并放到句首，要求首字母要大写。
实义动词过去式的句式：
肯定式：主语+动词故去式+其它。如，They had a good time yesterday.
否定式：主语+did not+动词原形+其他。如，They didn’t have a good time yesterday.
一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它?肯定回答：Yes,主语+did. 否定回答：No,主语+didn’t.如，Did they have a meeting two days ago? Yes, they did. No, they didn’t.
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他?如，What time did you finish your homework?
一般现在时态
当主语是第三人称单数时，肯定句为：主语+动词的s形式+宾语
否定句为：主语+助动词doesn't+动词原形+宾语
疑问句为：Does+主语+动词原形+宾语
肯定回答和否定回答也要使用助动词does.
注：第三人称单数用了 does 后面就不用动词的s形式了,而用动词原形.
动词的一般现在时态, 除了第三人称单数(he she it) 外,其余都用动词原形。当主语是其他人称时，肯定句为：主语+动词原形+宾语
否定句为：主语+助动词don't+动词原形+宾语
疑问句为：Do+主语+动词原形+宾语
肯定回答和否定回答也要使用助动词do.
注：变为疑问句,要在句首加"do" ; 变为否定句, 要在动词前面加"do not", 可以简写为 "don't".
知识点：
1.现在进行时的主要结构
用来表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行的动作和用来表示当前的活动或现极端一直在进行着的动作。
在其句子中一般都会有两个词与时态有关：1)表示时间的状语2)动词的相应变化。如，I’m reading a book now.在这个句子中，时间状语now,决定了时态为现在进行时，而动词am reading也体现了现在进行时。
肯定句：主语+be+v.ing+…
否定句：主语+be+v.ing+…
疑问句：Be+主语+ving?
特殊疑问句+be+主语+ving?
2.ving形式的构成
1)直接在动词原形末尾加-ing,如play-playing
2)以不发音字母e结尾的动词，去e再加-ing,如have-having
3)以重读闭音节结尾的单词，结尾只有一个辅音字母，应双写这个字母，再加-ing。如，begin-beginning。
望采纳

⑤ 苏教版高一英语必修一语法知识点总结

一. 直接引语和间接引语 （一）直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。 1. 时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词said, asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态，即把原来的时态向过去推，也就是一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时，等等。例如： Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.” →Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework. 2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化： 根据意义进行相应的变化，例如： She asked Jack,“Where have you been?” →She asked Jack where he had been. He said,“These books are mine.” →He said that those books were his. （二）直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。直接引语如果是一般疑问句，用连接词whether或if；如果是特殊疑问句，则用疑问词引导间接引语。转述的动词一般用asked，可以在其后加上一个间接宾语me, him, her, us等。如： She said,“Is your father at home?” →She asked me if/whether my father was at home. “What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me. →My friend asked me what I did every Sunday. 直接引语如果是祈使句，改为间接引语时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据原句的语气（即请求或命令）加上ask, tell, order等动词，如果祈使句为否定式，则在不定式前加not。其句型为：ask / tell / order someone (not) to do something. 例如： She said to us,“Please sit down.” →She asked us to sit down. He said to him,“Go away!” →He ordered him to go away. He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.” →He told the boys not to make so much noise. 二. 各种时态的被动语态 被动语态概述 被动语态的概念：它是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的执行或被执行关系。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，例如：They saw the little boy crying by the river. 被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者，例如：The little boy was seen crying by the river. 被动语态的构成 被动语态的形式是由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态等的不同而变化。几种常见时态的被动语态形式如下： 1. 一般现在时 am/is/are + 过去分词 例如：Rice is planted in the south of China. 2. 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词 例如：These trees were planted the year before last. 3. 一般将来时 will/shall + be + 过去分词 例如：A sports meeting will be held next week in our school. 4. 现在进行时 am/is/are + being + 过去分词 例如：Your radio is being repaired now. 5. 过去进行时 was/were + being + 过去分词 When he got there, the problem was being discussed. 6. 现在完成时 have/has + been + 过去分词 His work has been finished. Has his work been finished? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t. 7. 过去完成时 had + been + 过去分词 注意： 1．除了be之外的其它系动词如get, stay等也可以和过去分词构成被动语态。例如：Their questions haven’t got answered. 2. 含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态使用“情态动词+ be + 过去分词”结构。例如： More attention should be paid to the old in this country. This work can’t be done until Mr. Black comes. 3. 含有“be going to”, “be to”等结构的谓语，其被动语态分别用“be going to + be + 过去分词”和“be to + be + 过去分词”。例如： The problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting. All these books are to be taken to the library. 4. 被动语态与系表结构的区别：“连系动词+用作表语的过去分词”构成的系表结构，与被动语态的形式完全一样，所以应注意它们的区别。被动语态中的过去分词是动词，多强调动作；系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词，多强调状态。前者通常可用by 引出动作的执行者，而后者则不可以。例如： The map was changed by someone.（被动结构） That custom remained unchanged for many centuries.（系表结构） 系表结构中的过去分词通常可被very修饰，被动语态中的过去分词往往要用much修饰。 例如： He was very excited.（系表结构） He was much excited by her words.（被动结构） 5. 主动形式表被动意义。有些动词的主动形式有被动意味，如 open, read, sell, shut, wash, wear, write等。此时句子的主语一般是物。例如： These books sell well. 这些书很畅销。 The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。 The clothes wash well. 这些衣服很好洗。
Unit 11. 词组： add up add up to add… to… add to calm… down have got to be concerned about / with walk the dog cheat … of go through go ahead go by set down set up set off set out a series of on purpose by accident/ chance in order to so as to in order that so as that at sk at dawn at midnight at noon face to face no longer not … any longer settle down suffer from recover from get/ be tired of make a list of list pack… up get along/ on with fall in love be grateful to sb. for sth. join in take part in join attend make sb/ sth + 宾语补足语 have something/ anything/ everything /nothing to do with it’s because….. +原因 it’s why…. + 结果 dare + (to) do (实义动词) do (情态动词) a year and a half it’s no pleasure+ doing sth happen to do sth have trouble with sb (in) doing sth exactly find it + adj. + to do sth make friends with swap … with it is / was + 序数词 + that + has done / had done ….unit 2词组： because of come up come up with come in come on come out actually in fact as a matter of fact in reality be based on at present make use of make full/ good use of such as play a part/ role in recognize … as more than one + 谓语用单数 at the end of in the end at an end voyage tour travel journey than ever before even if / though communicate with those + 定语从句 用who 1600’s 1980s in + 物主代词 + 数字的复数 in his forties the former the latter a number of the number of make sense usage VS use believe it or not there is no such + 名词 （不加冠词） the way + in which / that /省略 especially specially straight adj/ advunit 3词组： prefer to do , rather than do would rather do , than do would do , rather than do fare VS fee ever since it’s is / has been + 时间段 + since 从句 graate from/ in be fond of cut across cut up cut down care about care for determine to do sth = be determined to do sth change one’s mind make up one’s mind at an altitude of give in give up give off give out give away keep pace with as usual bend over take the advantage of persuade sb to do sth / into doing sth not to do sth/ out of doing sth advise sb to do sth try to persuade sb to do sth although though grow up insist on put up put down put off put on put away can hardly wait to do sth bend over take the advantage of persuade sb to do sth / into doing sth not to do sth/ out of doing sth advise sb to do sth try to persuade sb to do sth although though grow up insist on put up put down put off put on put away can hardly wait to do sth unit 4词组：right away at once immediately burst into laughter/ tears burst out doing sth as if / though in ruins injure wound hurt destroy damage be trapped in dig out bury oneself in doing sth rise raise arise too… to be away it seems as if + 陈述语气/ 虚拟语气 act out be pleased / willing/ glad to do sthhonor in honor of be proud of express my thanks to unit 5词组： of high/ good quality devote to + doing found VS set up in principle in peace out of work in work out of control in control vote for vote against be equal to in trouble turn to turn on / off turn up / down lose heart lose one’s heart escape from / + doing sth come to power / in power be sentenced to in one’s opinion fight for / against blow up dream of/ about imagine doing sth the first time for the first time 语法点1. whether VS if 的用法2. tell sb to do sth ask sb not to do sth 3. be + doing 表将来4. 定语从句： 只用that 的情况 只用who 的情况 只用which的情况 as VS which the same … as / that… such… as as … as 介词+ which/ whom which 引导一个句子的用法 非限制性定语从句which 引导一个句子的用法 非限制性定语从句 插入语 I think I believe I guess I thought 间隔式定语从句 Is this car the one he bought last year? Is this the car he bought last year? What 的用法5. will be done be about to be done be to be done be going to be done 6. has/ have been done 7. be being done 加always 表示一种厌烦等语气8. 强调句 it is + 被强调部分 + that 从句 It is not until + 时间 + that 从句 特殊疑问词 + is it that 从句 9. 倒装句 部分否定，含有否定词的 hardly never little only seldom 等， 把情态动词，be 动词， 助动词提到主语 的前面10. as if , insist suggest request command ,从句用虚拟语气， 用（should） do 。

⑥ 苏教版初一英语语法总结

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