1. 八年级下册英语2单元的单元总结(注:重点语法,归纳总结等)
Unit 2 What should I do?
1. argue with sb. 与某人争吵
about/over sth. 为某事争吵
2.out of style/danger 过时/脱离险境
in style/danger 时尚/处于危险之中
3.call up sb. (代词放中间)给某人打电话
4.keep out 不让…进入
5.What’s wrong? 怎么啦?
6.be surprised at … 对…感到吃惊
7.borrow sth. from sb. 从某人那里借入某物
8. needto do sth. (某人)需要做某事
doing sth. (某物)需要做某事
9.pay … for sth. 为某物付…(钱)
10.the same + n. + as… 与…一样的n.
11 get on well with sb. 与某人相处融洽
12 have a fight with sb. 与某人争吵
13.take part in 加入
14 plan sth. for sb. 为某人计划某事
15.as much as possible 尽可能多的…
KP.
1. Sb. pay …for sth. 某人为某物花了…钱。
Sth. cost sb. … 某物花了某人…钱。
Sb. spend … on sth. 某人花了…(时间、金钱)在某事上。
(in) doing sth. 某人花了…(时间、金钱)做某事。
It takes/took sb. … to do sth. 花了某人…(时间、金钱)做某事。
2. not … until 直到…才… (主句动词是短暂性动词)
until 一直到… (主句中使用延续性动词)
3. leave
GF
情态动词
1.情态动词没有人称和数的变化;
2 情态动词不能直接做谓语,必须和一个动词原形同时使用;
3.大多数情态动词没有时态的变化;
情态动词加上be,通常表示猜测的语气。
祝你学习进步,更上一层楼!请记得采纳,谢谢!(*^__^*)
2. 八年级下英语二单元sectionB课文翻译Dear Miss Li, I'd like to t
我不能很好地使用我的胳膊和腿。再一次感谢你改变了我的人生,“幸运。
幸运是一条完美的狗狗。如果你喜欢的话我会寄给你一张他的照片。她也觉得一只狗可能会使我高兴起来。你看,我能把它带回家了。我爱动物并且我对这个让我拥有一条狗的主意很激动!拿我的书。当我给他指令时它能够明白我的意思,我说。她跟“动物助手”讨论关于给我一条经过特殊训练的狗的事。让我告诉你我的故事吧。你的帮助使我拥有“幸运”(那只狗)成为了可能?或者想象你不能行走或不能容易的使用你的胳膊。例如!
幸运非常聪明并且明白很多单词的意思,我还可以给你展示一下他是怎么帮助我的,这对他来说是一个很棒的名字因为我觉得拥有他很幸运亲爱的李小姐。
如果你是失明的或者是聋的那么生活会变成什么样,
我真的非常感谢你寄钱给动物医院。我的狗狗叫做“幸运”。“幸运”在我的生活中产生了很大的影响,”他就会马上做到,所以像一些打电话。许多人永远也不会想到这些,开门和关门或者是提东西这些平常的事情对我来说都是困难的,我其中一个好朋友帮助了我,因为你的仁慈我拥有了一个动物助手,但有许多人有这个困难。我很确信你知道这个组织的建立是为了帮助更多像我这样的残疾人。
但在上一年的一天。
在动物助手的我和狗狗经过了六个月的训练后
3. 初二英语下册重点语法、句型归纳总结
下册主要就是被动语态啦被动语态的主要用法
一.定义
语态是动词的一种形式,它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者,或者是说动作是由主语完成的,要用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的,则用被动语态。
■当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时,常用被动语态,这时往往不用by短语。
The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天,教室的前窗被打破了。(不知谁打破的)
They have been poorly paid. 他们的工资太低。(没必要指出工资是谁付的)
■突出或强调动作的承受者,如果需要说出动作的执行者,用by短语。
The time-table has been changed. 时间表已变动了。(要突出的是“时间”)
These books are written especially for children. 这些书是专门为孩子们写的。(强调的是“”这些书)
■为了使语言得体或圆滑等不愿意说出动作的执行者。如:
You are requested to make a speech at next meeting. 请您在下次会议上作个发言。
It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner. 据说她要嫁给一个外国人。
■出于修辞的原因,或是说为了更好地安排句子。如:
The notion is especially opposed to by those who have invested much in the area. 这个提议特别遭到了那些在本地区投资很大的人的反对。(因those的定语太长了,若用它作主语,主语与谓语就相距太远而显得句子松散。)
8种常用时态的被动语态
由“助动词be + 动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be 有时态、人称和数的变化。
(1) 一般现在时:am/is/are +过去分词。如:
Rice is grown in south China. 华南种植水稻。
(2) 一般过去时:was/were+过去分词。如:
The glass was broken yesterday. 这块玻璃是昨天打烂的。
(3) 现在进行时:am/is/are being +过去分词。如:
The project is being carried out. 这个计划正在执行中。
(4) 过去进行时:was/were/being +过去分词。如:
This road was being built this time last year. 这条路去年这个时候还在修建。
(5) 一般将来时:will be +过去分词。如:
The cars will be sent abroad by sea. 这些汽车将由水路运往国外。
(6) 过去将来时:would be +过去分词。如:
The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. 经理说这个工程在年底前将会完成。
(7) 现在完成时:have/has been +过去分词。如:
This novel has been translated into several languages. 这本小说已被译成了几种语言。
(8) 过去完在时:had been +过去分词。如:
When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. 我到达剧院时,发现票已卖完了。
使用被动语态“六注意”
一要注意被动语态的不同时态
被动语态由“be+过去分词”,其中的助动词 be 根据情况可使用各种不同时态。如:
She is respected by everyone. 她受到大家的尊重。(一般现在时)
The book will be reprinted soon. 这本书很快会重印。(一般将来时)
The road is being repaired. 路正在修整。(现在进行时)
They have been given a warning. 他们受到警告。(现在完成时)
二要注意带情态动词的被动语态
该结构的基本形式为“情态动词+be(或be的适当形式)+过去分词”。这类结构非常有可能作为语境题出现在考卷中。如:
The rules must be obeyed. 这些规章制度必须遵守。
They shouldn’t have been told about it. 这事是不应当告诉他们的。
三要注意非谓语动词的被动语态
1. 不定式一般式的被动语态。由“to be+过去分词”构成。如:
She asked to be given some work to do. 她要求给她一些工作做。
2. 不定式完成式的被动语态。由“to have been+过去分词”构成。如:
I should like to have been told the result earlier. 我本想让人把结果早点告诉我的。
3. 现在分词一般式的被动语态。由“being+过去分词”构成。如:
I saw him being taken away. 我看见有人把他带走了。
4. 现在分词完成式的被动语态。由“having been+过去分词”构成。如:
Having been invited to speak, I’ll start making preparations tomorrow. 因为邀请我去讲话,我明天就得做准备。
5. 动名词一般式的被动语态。由“being+过去分词”构成。如:
He hates being made a fool of. 他讨厌被别人愚弄。
6. 动名词完成式的被动语态。由“having been+过去分词”构成。如:
Jenny’s not having been trained as a dancer is her one regret. 杰妮没受过舞蹈的专业训练是她感到遗憾的事。
After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. 在接到把车开出城的指令后,我开始信心十足了。
注:过去分词没有被动式,因为它本身可以表示被动意义。如:
The door remained locked. 门仍然锁着。
四要注意“get+过去分词”构成的被动语态
英语被动语态通常由“助动词be+过去分词”构成,有时也可用“get+过去分词”构成。如:
James got beaten last night. 詹姆斯昨晚被打了。
但总的说来,用get构成的被动语态不如用be构成的被动语态常见,尤其是在含有施动者的by短语时,用get构成被动语态更是少见。不过有时用be+过去分词构成被动语态构成误解时,人们可能会选get+过去分词来避免这种误解:
The window was broken. 窗户破了(表状态)。/ 窗户被打破了(表动作)
The window got broken. 窗户被打破了(表动作)
五要注意哪些动词不用于被动语态
1. 不及物动词没有被动语态。因为不及物动词没有宾语,所以若将其用于被动语态则没有主语,故不能用于被动语态。但是值得注意的是,有些英语中的不及物动词,译成汉语时却可能是“及物”的,很容易出错,这类动词如:take place(发生),happen(发生),come about(发生),break out(爆发),appear(出现),disappear(消失),last(持续),arise(出现,发生)等:
Influenza usually breaks out in winter. 流感通常发生在冬季。
2. 英语中的静态动词(如have, lack, fit, hold, suit, resemble 等)通常不用于被动语态:
The young man lacks experience. 这个年轻人缺乏经验。
英语不用被动语态几种的情形
1.谓语为连系动词时,不用被动语态。如:He looked fine. 他气色好。The food tastes delicious. 这食物味道很好。
2. 谓语为不及物动词(短语)时,不用被动语态。如:The war broke out in the end. 战争终于爆发了。
3. 宾语为不定式、动词的-ing 形式或从句,表示主语的一些想法、爱好或愿望时,一般不用被动语态。如:
He decided to go with us. 他决定跟我们一起去。4. 宾语是相互代词、反身代词、同源宾语等时,一般不用被动语态。如:
We should help each other. 我们应该相互帮助。He thinks of himself too much. 他对自己想得太多。
5. 宾语是处所、地点时,一般不用被动语态。如:
We will reach the station in two hours. 我们再过两个小时就会到站了。
6. 谓语部分(动词与宾语) 是一个不可分割的动词短语时,一般不用被动语态。如:
The ship set sail this morning. 这艘轮船今天早晨起航了。
通常不用于被动语态的静态动词
那里的人缺乏食物。正:People there lack food. 误:Food is lacked by people there.
从形式上看,第2句是第1句的相应的被动形式,既然第1句为正句,那么第2句从理论上说应该是成立的。而事实上第2句却是个错句。
在英语中,并不是所有的及物动词都可以用于被动语态的,有些动词(尤其是那些静态动词)尽管它们可以带宾语,但却不用于被动语态,这种动词考生容易弄错,其中主要的有:have,lack,fit,suit,cost,let,like等:
他有一台电脑。正:He has a computer.误:A computer is had by him.
他当时正在洗澡。正:He was taking a bath. 误:A bath was being had by him.
我的鞋不适合。正:My shoes don’t fit me. 误:I am not fitted by my shoes.
这架钢琴花了她6000美元。正:The piano cost her 6000 dollars.
六要注意两类被动句型的相互转换
英语中有一种主动句可以转换成两种被动句型,它们通常是一些表示客观说明的句子。如:
People believed that she is honest. 大家相信她是诚实的。
It’s believed that she is honest. 大家相信她是诚实的。
She is believed to be honest. 大家相信她是诚实的。
比较上面两类被动句型可以发现,一类是“it+be+过去分词+that从句”,另一类则是“主语+be+过去分词+不定式”(其中的“主语”为前一类句型中that从句中的主语),通常可用于这两类被动句型的动词有assume, believe, expect, fear, feel, know, presume, report, say, suppose, think, understand等,比较(同时注意其中时态和动词形式的变化):
It’s known that he was a good singer. / He is known to have been a good singer. 大家知道他曾是位优秀的歌手。
表示“据说”的三类被动句型
4. 八年级下英语二单元sectionB课文翻译Dear Miss Li, I'd like to t
亲爱的李小姐,
我真的非常感谢你寄钱给动物医院。我很确信你知道这个组织的建立是为了帮助更多像我这样的残疾人。你的帮助使我拥有“幸运”(那只狗)成为了可能。“幸运”在我的生活中产生了很大的影响。让我告诉你我的故事吧。
如果你是失明的或者是聋的那么生活会变成什么样?或者想象你不能行走或不能容易的使用你的胳膊。许多人永远也不会想到这些,但有许多人有这个困难。我不能很好地使用我的胳膊和腿,所以像一些打电话,开门和关门或者是提东西这些平常的事情对我来说都是困难的。
但在上一年的一天,我其中一个好朋友帮助了我。她跟“动物助手”讨论关于给我一条经过特殊训练的狗的事。她也觉得一只狗可能会使我高兴起来。我爱动物并且我对这个让我拥有一条狗的主意很激动。
在动物助手的我和狗狗经过了六个月的训练后,我能把它带回家了。我的狗狗叫做“幸运”,这对他来说是一个很棒的名字因为我觉得拥有他很幸运。你看,因为你的仁慈我拥有了一个动物助手!
幸运非常聪明并且明白很多单词的意思。当我给他指令时它能够明白我的意思。例如,我说,“幸运!拿我的书,”他就会马上做到。
幸运是一条完美的狗狗。如果你喜欢的话我会寄给你一张他的照片,我还可以给你展示一下他是怎么帮助我的。再一次感谢你改变了我的人生。
最好的祝愿
本 史密斯
5. 八年级英语下册第二单元重要知识点有哪些!急!!!
Unit 2 What should I do?
【单元目标】
1.单词与短语
stereo, loud, argue, original, serious, style, wrong, argument, either, teen, talk, family, tutor, haircut, caller, except, upset
1.want sb. to do sth. 2.play one’s stereo 3 stay at home
4.argue with sb / have an argument with sb. 5.be out of style
6.write sb a letter/write to 7.talk about 8.on the phone
9. surprise sb. 10.pay for 11.get a part-time job 12.borrow sth. from sb.
13.ask sb. for… 14. have a bake sale 15.find out 16.be upset
17. call… up 18.the same as 19. get on well with sb. 20. return sth.
21.have a fight with sb. 22.from…to… 23. drop off 24.prepare for
25.after-school clubs 26.be used to 27.fill up 28.take the middle road
2.目标句型:
1. What should I do? 2. Why don’t you…? 3. You could …
4. You should… 5. You shouldn’t…
3.语法
情态动词的用法 Ⅰ
【重难点分析】
情态动词(Modal Verbs )Ⅰ
* 情态动词也可称为“情态助动词 (Modal Auxiliaries)”,因为它和基本助动词(be,do, have)都属于助动词类。
* 情态动词和其他动词连用,可表示说话人的语气。
* 情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等。
* 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
* 常用的情态动词有:can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would这九大情态动词;其他的还有ought to, need, dare 等。
一、九大情态动词的时态关系:
1. 现在式 can -- 过去式 could
2. 现在式 may -- 过去式 might
3. 现在式 shall -- 过去式 should
4. 现在式 will -- 过去式 would
5. 现在式 must -- 过去式 must (常用had to来代替)
二、情态动词表示“可能”或“预测”
(can, could, will, would, shall, should, must, ought to)
(1)can 和 could 用于表示“可能”或“预测”:
1. He can't be at home. (否定句)
他不可能在家。
2. Can the news be true? (将情态动词 can 置于主语 the news 前就成疑问句)
这消息可能是真的吗?
3. Anybody can make mistake. (只表示理论上的可能性) 任何人都可能犯错误。
(2)may 和 might 用于表示“事实上的可能性”或“预测”:
1. It may rain tomorrow. (表示可能会发生) 明天可能会下雨。
2. It may snow later this afternoon. (表示预测) 今天下午可能会下雪。
3. You might be right. (表示有可能) 你可能是对的。
(3)will 和 would 用于表示“预测”或“习惯性”:
1. I think he will be all right now. (will be 表示一定会) 我想他现在一定好了。
2. That would be his mother.(would be 表示肯定是) 那肯定是他母亲。
3. He will sit there hour after hour looking at the river.(will 表示经常的)
他经常一连几个小时坐在那儿看着河水。
(4)shall 和 should 用于表示“必定”:
1. I shall be rich one day. (shall be ) 总有一天我会发达的。
2. That should be Sam and his mother. (should be) 那准是Sam 和他的母亲。
(5)must 用于表示“必定”,“必会”:
1. This must be good for you.(must be 肯定) 这肯定对你是有益的。
2. All mankind must die.(表示必然会发生的事) 所有的人一定会死的。
3. Mustn't there be a mistake? (mustn't 多用于疑问句) 那肯定会有错误吗?
三、情态动词表示“许可”、“请求”
(can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must)
(1)can 和 could 用于表示“许可”、“请求”:
1. Can I go with you? (请求) 我能跟你一起走吗?
2. Father said I could go to cinema. (表示过去的许可) 爸爸说我可以去看电影。
3. Could I ask you something ? (请求,用 could 比 can 更婉转) 我可以问你一件事吗?
(2)will 和 would 用于表示“请求”
1. Will you kindly tell me the way to the post office? (表示客气请求)
请问到邮局怎么走?
2. Would you give me your address? (用 would 比 will 表示更客气)
请你告诉我你的地址,好吗?
(3)shall 和 should 用于第一人称,表示征求对方的意见
1. Shall we talk? 我们谈谈好吗?
2. What should we do next? (用should 比 shall 表示更客气) 下一步我们该怎么做?
3. Shall he come to see you? (用于第三人称疑问句) 要不要他来看你?
(4)may 和 might 用于表示“许可”(口语中多用 can )
1. You may take a walk. (表示给予许可) 你可以散散步。
2. You might read the story for me. (比may更婉转) 是否请给我读一读这故事。
3.May I make a suggestion? 我可以提个建议吗?
4. Might I take a look of your work? 我看看您的大作行吗?
5. Students may not make noise in the library. (may not 表示不许可或禁止)
学生不得在图书馆里吵闹。
6. If I may say so, you are not right. (用于条件句,表示请求)
你是不对的,如果我可以这么说的话。
(5)must 用于表示“禁止”,“不准”:
1. Cars must not be parked here. (must not表示不许可) 此地不准停车。
2. All of you mustn't fishing in the pool. (must not 语气方面比 may not 更强)
你们不准在池里钓鱼。
四、重要短语和表达法(Key Words)
1.argue v.争论;争吵 argue with sb.与某人吵架
I argued with my best friend.我和我的好朋友吵架了。
Don’t argue with him. 别和他争吵了。
2.① either adv.(用于否定句)也
He doesn’t have any money, and I don’t, either.他没有钱,我也没有。
I can’t play chess. She can’t, either.我不会下国际象棋,她也不会。
② too 也(用于肯定或疑问句)
I’m a teacher.He is a teacher, too.我是老师,他也是老师。
We are going hiking. Are they going hiking,too?我们要去徒步旅行,他们也要去吗?
3.ask (sb.)for sth.向某人寻求某物;要……
Don't ask for food every day.Go and find some work. 别天天要饭,找点儿工作做。
I don’t think you should ask your parents for some money.我想你不应向父母要钱。
If you have any problems, you can ask the policeman for help. 如果你有困难,可以向警察求助。
He didn't want to ask his teacher for his book back. 他不想向老师要回他的书了。
4.the same as... 与……相同
The clothes are the same as my friends'.这些衣服与我朋友的一样。
Tom is the same age as Anna.= Tom is as old as Anna.汤姆和安娜一样大。
Her backpack is the same as mine. 她的背包与我的一样。
5.except 除……以外;(不包括……在内)
My class has been invited except me.= Only I haven't been invited.
除我以外,我的同学都被邀请了。
All the students went to the park except him.= Only he didn't get to the park.
They all toured America except her.
除了他以外,所有的学生都去美国旅行过。
besides 除……以外(包括在内)
We all went there besides him.= He went there.We went there, too.除他去以外,我们也都去了。
There are five more visitors besides me.除了我之外还有5倍访客
6.wrong adj.错误的;有毛病的;不合适的
Is there anything wrong with you? 你哪儿不舒服?
— What's wrong with you? 你怎么了?(你哪里不舒服?)
— I've got a headache.我头痛。
What’s wrong with your watch? It doesn't work.你的手表怎么了?它不走了。
adv.错误地;不正确地;不对地
He answered wrong.他答错了。
They knew they did wrong. 他们知道他们做错了。
7.get on well with sb.与某人相处融洽
The students will get on well with the teacher.学生会和老师相处得非常好。
We get on well with each other.我们彼此相处融洽。
Can she get on well with all the other students in her class?
她能与她班里所有的同学相处得好吗?
8.have a fight with sb.= fight with sb.与某人打架
I don‘t want to have a fight with my cousin. 我不想和我的堂兄打架。
They never fight with each other.They are really good friends.
他们从不打架,他们的确是好朋友。
五、主要句型(Key Sentences Structures)
What should I do? You could write him a letter.
What should he do? Maybe he should say sorry to him
What should they do? They shouldn't argue.
六、词语辨析
1. borrow sth. from sb. 从某人处借进某物
lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人
borrow sth. from sb. 是指该句的主语从别人处(往里)借进某物
例:He borrowed the dictionary from Lucy yesterday. 他昨天从露西处借了那本字典.
lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth.
是指该句的主语把某物(往外)借给别人用
例如:Could you lend me your car? 请你借给我你的车用一下好吗?
2. ①get sb. to do… 使……做(以人为对象时,有“说服……使做……”的含义)
He could get a tutor to come to his home. 他可以请一位家庭教师来他家。
You’ll never get her to agree. 你决不可能使她同意。
②ask sb. to do… 邀请(人)做……
We asked her to come to our party.我们请她来参加聚会
③ tell sb. to do…让某人做某事 例如:
The teacher told him to finish the work that day. 老师那天让他完成那项工作。
3、be in style 时髦的,流行的
be out of style 过时的,不时髦的
例: Look! Her new dress is in style.她的新裙子很时髦。
Those clothes are out of style. 那些衣服过时了。
七、课文解释
1、I don’t want to surprise him. 我不想让他感到意外。
此处surprise是及物动词 surprise sb. 使某人感到吃惊
eg. My friend always surprises me.
2、talk about it on the phone 用电话就此事进行交流
eg. Call Jim on the phone. 找吉姆听电话。
Lily, you are wanted on the phone. 莉莉,你的电话
3、call sb. (up) =give sb. a call 给某人打电话
He called me (up) from New York. 他从纽约给我打来电话
=He gave me a call from New York.
4、write sb. a letter = write a letter to sb. 给某人写信
5、give him a ticket to a ball game.给他一张观看球赛的入场券
eg. They got two tickets to tonight’s show.他们搞了两张今晚表演的入场券。
6、She has the same haircut as I do. 她和我有相同的发型。
eg. Tim has the same clothes as his brother does.提姆和他的弟弟有相同的衣服。
7、find out (研究、努力的结果)发现,查出,找出
You should find out (the answer) for yourself.你应该自己去找答案。
8、Everyone else in my class was invited except me.
除了我以外,我们班其他别的人都接到了邀请(信)
此句中else一词不能单独使用它必须跟在不定代词像“someone, anyone nobody”等词的后面,或跟在特殊疑问词像“what, where”等词的后面使用意思是“别的”
eg. What else do you know about it? 关于此事你还知道什么别的方面
9、I can’t think what I did wrong. 我真想不出我做错了什么。
此句中 what I did wrong是宾语从句,作think的宾语应用陈述语序。
10、I’m very upset and don’t know what to do.我很沮丧,不知该干什么。
此句中 what to do是不定式作know的宾语,可用宾语从句来代替。可以说成“I don’t know what I should do.”
11、There are a lot of things you could do. 有许多你能做的事。
此句中 you could do是定语从句,修饰前面的名词“things”
12、You left your homework at home.你把你的作业落在家里了。
Leave sth. +介词短语,是“把……忘在,落在(某处)的意思。
eg. He left his umbrella on the bus.他把伞忘在公交车上。
13、You should try to be funny. 你应该试着幽默一些。
Try to do…努力做,试着做,尽量做
而try not to do 是尽量不做……
eg. Please try not to be late again. 请尽量不要再迟到。
14、Their school days are busy enough. 他们的学校生活是够忙的。
enough必须放在形容词/副词的后面,表示“足够……的”
eg. He is tall enough to reach that apple. 他足够高的可以够着那个苹果。
15、be under too much pressure. 在太多的压力下
16、see other children doing a lot of things 看别的孩子在做许多事
see sb. doing 看见某人正在干某事
eg. We saw them playing basketball at that time.那时我们看见他们在打篮球
17、find it hard to do sth. 发现做……(事)很难
He found it hard to learn math well. 他发现学好数学很难
6. 八下英语书第二单元的2d和语法框翻译
2d 分角色表演对话。
海伦:你好,汤姆。我在制订计划,今年夏天要在养老工作。
汤姆:真的吗?我去年夏天在那里工作了!
海伦:哦,他们叫你帮忙做什么了?
汤姆:嗯……像为老人读报纸,或只是跟他们谈话之类的事情。他们给我讲一些有关过去的故事和以前的情况。
海伦:那听起来很有趣。
汤姆:是的,很多老人很孤独。我们应该倾听他们并关心他们。
海伦:你说得对。我的意思是,有一天我们也都会变老的。
语法聚焦
我想帮助无家可归的人。
你可以请求医院让你去看望孩子们,让他们振作起来。
她自愿一去周去那里一次帮助孩子们学习阅读。
她决定尝试参加一个志愿者课外阅读项目。
马里奥认为,这可以帮助他得到未来梦想的工作。
我在制作-些标牌 张贴在学校周围。
7. 英语书八年级下册书第二单元所有语法内容
Unit 2 What should I do?
重点词汇:play v. 播放
loud adj. 高声的;大声的
argue v. 争论,争吵wrong adj. 错误的;有毛病的;不适合的could v. can的过去式ticket n. 票,入场券 v. 使惊奇;使意外other adj. 其他的;另外的except prep. 除;把……除外fail v. 失败 football n. 足球 until prep. 到……为止
fit v. 适合,适应 include v. 包括;包含send v. 发送,寄 themselves pron. 他们自己(反身代词)freedom n. 自由
重点词组及句型:
1. argue with sb. 与某人争论/辩论
2. have an argument with sb. 与某人发生争论
3. out of style 不时髦的
4. in style 时髦的
5. keep out 不让……进入
6. call sb. up 打电话给……
7. on the phone 用电话交谈
8. pay for 付款
9. part-time job 兼职工作
10. Teen Talk 青少年论坛
11. the same as 与……同样的12. get on well with... 与……相处地好13. as much as possible 尽可能多14. all kinds of 各种各样的15. on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面16. borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物17. find out 找出18. be popular at school 在学校受欢迎19. except me 除了我20. have a quick supper 很快地吃晚餐21. not…until 直到……才22. try to do 尽力去做23. complain about doing sth. 抱怨做某事24. seem to do… 好像……25. comparing…with… 把……与……做比较26. think for 为……着想27. find it + adj.+ to do sth. 发现做某事很……28. learn to do 学会做某事 29. have a fight with 与……打架
30. write sb. a letter 给某人写信 31. a ticket to a ball game 一场球赛的票
32. surprise sb. 使……惊讶 33. buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物
34. have no idea 不知道 35. have the same haircut 有同样的发型
36. get a tutor 请家教 37. need to do 需要去做
38. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人去做某事 39. leave sth. at home 把某物落在家里
40. fail (in) sth. 做某事失败 41. be the same as 与……相同的
42. return sth. 归还某物 43. look up…in a dictionary 在字典中查找……
44. be/feel under (too much) pressure 感觉处于(太多的)压力之下
45. take sb. from 名词 to 名词 把某人从一个地方带到另一个地方
46. fit as much as possible into their kids lives 尽可能多地充实到孩子们的生活中来
47. nothing new 屡见不鲜 48. push sb hard 厉害地强迫某人
49. be always doing 总是在做某事
50. plan to do 计划做某事
51. start from a very young age 从很小的年龄开始
日常用语:学习用于表达建议的句子结构:1. ---What should I do? ---You could write him a letter.2. --- What should he do? --- Maybe he should say he's sorry.3. --- What should they do? --- They shouldn't argue.4. What’s the matter? / What’s wrong?5. Why don’t you talk to him about it?
词组短语详解:
1. Keep out! 禁止入内
祈使句,意为:“不准入内!”指“关在门外,不准入内。”
Keep sth. adj.
2. My brother plays his CDs too loud. 我哥哥把他的唱片声音放得太大。
Play:
播放。 e.g. Please play the tape again. 请再放一边磁带。
演奏,弹奏 e.g. I can play the violin, too. 我也会拉小提琴。
玩,打,踢 e.g. play football/bolleyball…
剧本,n. e.g. TV play 电视剧 watch the play 看戏
3. I don’t have enough money. 我没有足够的钱
Enough修饰n.放在前面 e.g. enough money
Enough修饰adj.放在后面 e.g. good enough
【考例】He is old ______ to go to school. A. much B. many C. enough D. more
【答案与解析】C。本题中old enough 表示年龄足够大。故本题选C。
4. I argue with my best friend. 我与我最好的朋友发生了争执。
Argue v. 争辩,争论,辩论
Argue with sb. 与某人辩论
Argue on/about sth. 争论,辩论某事
e.g. They are arguing about playing computer games.
【拓展】argue about sth. 意为“为某事而争论”。argument 是argue的名词形式,have an argument with sb.相当于argue with sb.。e.g. I don't want to argue about the houtse with you. 我不想和你为房子的事争论。 You shouldn't have an argument with your parents about the bike. 你不应该为了自行车的事和你父母争吵。【考例】I _______my parents about my hairstyle yesterday evening.A. play B. argue with C. argued with D. to argue with 【答案与解析】C。本题中argue with sb.意为“与……争吵,争论”。又因为时间状语是yesterday evening,表示过去的时间,要用一般过去时态,故本题选C。
5. My clothes are out of style. 我的衣服过时了。
Out of style
In style
【考例】I don’t think my clothes are______. A. be out of style B. out of style C. out fashion D. to out of style 【答案与解析】B。本题中be out of style / fashion表示“过时”、“不合乎时尚”。因句中已有are,故本题选B。
6. Maybe you should buy some new clothes. 也许你应当买一些新衣服。
Maybe 与 may be
e.g. Maybe you put it there. 也许你把它放在那里了。
It may be a hat. = May be it is a hat. 它也许是顶帽子。
7. You could write him a letter. 你可以给他写封信。
Write sb. A letter = write to sb. 给某人写一封信
写信给某人:write to sb.
收到某人的来信:hear from sb. = get/receive a letter from sb.
8. Maybe you should call him up. 也许你应当给他打电话。
Call sb. Up = ring sb. Up = make a telephone call to sb. = give sb. A call/ring给某人打电话
【拓展】maybe 不同于 may be。 maybe 是一个词,是副词,may be 是情态动词may加上动词原形be,意为“或许”,后接形容词、名词、代词等。例如:It may be true. He may be the man we are looking for.(2)call sb. up 打电话给某人可以与名词、代词连用。连接代词时,把代词放在 call 与 up 之间。例如:Please call me up. Don’t forget to call up your uncle. I'll call her up this afternoon.【考例】_______you are right. A. Maybe B. Might C. May be D. Might to
【答案与解析】A。本题中maybe不同于may be。 maybe 是一个词,是副词,may be是情态动词may加上动词原形be,意为“或许”,后接形容词、名词、代词等。故本题选A。
9. A ticket to a ball game 一张球赛的票
A key to a door
An answer to a question
10. I don’t want to surprise him. 我不想使他吃惊。
Surprise v. 使惊奇;使差异;使感到意外。其后可接名词或代词作宾语。
e.g. You surprise me! 你吓了我一跳!
His words surprised my mother a lot. 他的话使我母亲大吃一惊。
Be surprised at… 对……感到吃惊
e.g. We are very surprised at the news. 听到这个消息,我们非常吃惊。
【拓展】surprised adj. 惊讶的 surprising adj. 令人惊讶的例如:I'm surprised to hear the news. It's a surprising gift, and I love it.【考例】I was__________ when I saw her.A. surprising B. surprised C. surprise D. to surprise
【答案与解析】B。本题中surprised adj.惊讶的;surprising adj.令人惊讶的。故本题选B。
11. I need to get some money to pay for summer camp. 我需要得到一些钱以支付夏令营的费用。
(1)need是个情态动词,也可以是行为动词。▲当它是情态动词时,后边直接加行为动词,表示“需要”,但need作情态动词时一般不用于肯定句。它一般用于否定句和疑问句中,例如:① You need repeat it. 你需要重复它。② Need I repeat it? 我有必要重复它吗?简略回答为:Yes, you need. No, you needn't.
(2)【拓展】(sb.)pay(money)for sth. 为……而付款(sb.)spend(money)on sth. 在……上花多少钱(sth.)cost sb.(money) ……值……钱这三个短语都是表示付款。但pay, spend指的是“人”,主语为人,而cost指的是“物”,主语为“物”。例如说“他昨天花20元买了一本书”。用以上三个短语分别为:① He paid 20 yuan for the book yesterday. 他昨天为这本书付了20元钱。② He spent 20 yuan on the book yesterday. 他昨天花了20元钱(买)这本书。③ The book cost him 20 yuan yesterday. 这本书花了他20元钱。注意以上三个动词的动词过去式为:pay - paid; spend - spent; cost - cost【考例】--- I’ve got a new book. --- How much did you _______it? A. buy B. spend C. pay for D. cost 【答案与解析】C。(sb.)pay(money)for sth. 为……而付款,(sb.)spend(money)on sth. 在……上花多少钱,(sth.)cost sb.(money) ……值多少钱 故本题选C。
12. I have an idea. You could borrow some money from your brother. 我有一个主意,你可以像你哥哥借一些钱。
Idea n. 主意,念头
e.g. He has a good idea. 他有个好主意。
注意:
I have no idea. = I don’t know. 我不知道
Borrow与lend
borrow sth from sb. 从谁那里借什么东西。
Lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. Sth.
borrow 与 lend 的区别: borrow 借来 lend 借给【考例】Han Mei _________ a book from the library a week ago. A. lent B. returned C. borrowedD. wanted
【答案与解析】C。本题考查borrow 与lend 的区别。borrow 借来;lend 借给。本题的意思是从图书馆借书。故本题选C。
13. No, he doesn’t have any money, either. 不,他也没有钱。
Either adv. 用于否定句中,表示“也”
e.g. You haven’t read that book. I haven’t read it, either.
Either, too, also
e.g. My mother hasn’t been to Beijing. My father hasn’t been there, either.
That woman is a teacher, too.
I, too, have been to London.
We also play football.
【考例】He doesn't like swimming, and he doesn't like boating,_____. A. neither B. too C. another D. either
【答案与解析】D。本题中either作副词,用在否定句或否定词组后加强语气,表示“也,而且”。而neither用于肯定句中。too用于三者或三者以上。故本题选D。
14. I think you should ask your parents for some money. 我想你应当向你的父母要一些钱。
Ask… for… 向……要……;
Ask for… 索要,要求得到……
e.g. He asked for time to thind all this over. 他要求给他时间把这一切好好想想。
He asked me for some money. 他想我要了些钱。
Ask sb. (not) to do sth. 要求/请求某人(不要)做某事
Ask for leave 请假
15. Have a bake sale. 卖烧烤
16. I need some money to buy gifts for my family. 我需要一些钱为我的家人买礼物
Buy sb. Sth. = buy sth. to sb.
17. They are original. 它们很新颖
Original adj. 新颖的,独创的,原始的,最早的
e.g. original ideas 新思想
an original edition 原版
the original plan 原计划
He is an original composer. 他是一位富有独创力的作曲家。
18. They are inexpensive. 它们不贵。
Cheap 与 inexpensive
Cheap往往意味着质量差,指价钱便宜的或因质量差而价格低的。
Inexpensive指物美价廉的,价值与价格相比而便宜的,表示“价格公道的,不贵的”
19. But I just found out that my friends were planning a birthday party for my best friend, and they didn’t invite me. 可是我刚刚发现我的朋友们正计划给我最好的朋友举办生日聚会,而他们没有邀请我。
Just adv.
刚才,刚刚
e.g. They have just left there. 他们刚刚离开这。
仅仅,只是
e.g. Don’t scold him. He is just a child. 别责备他,他只是个孩子。
后接名词,名词短语或句子,意为“正好,恰好”
e.g. It was just four o’clock when we got home. 我们到家时刚好4点钟。
注:
just now 刚才,不久以前
e.g. I saw our teacher just now. 刚才我看到我们的老师了。
Just then 正(就)在那时
e.g. Just then he came out of the room. 就在那是他从房间走了出来。
20. Find out 找出,发现,查处(真相等)
e.g. Please find out where they live. 请查处他们住在哪儿。
Find ,look for ,find out
Find 意为“找到,发现”,通常指找到或发现具体的东西,也可指偶然发现某物或某种情况,强调的是“找的结果”
e.g. He didn’t find his bike. 他没找到他的自行车。
Look for 意为“寻找”,是有目的地找,强调“寻找”这一动作
e.g. I can’t find my pen. I’m looking for it everywhere.我的钢笔不见了,我正在到处找。
He is looking for his shoes. 他在找他的鞋子。
Find out 意为“找出,发现,查明”,多指通过调查、询问、打听、研究之后“搞清楚,弄明白”,通常含有“经过困难曲折”的含义,指找出较难找到的、无形的、抽象的东西。
e.g. Please find out when the train leaves. 请查一下火车什么时候离站。
Read this passage, and find out the answer to this question. 读这篇短文,找出这个问题的答案。
21. Everyone else in my class was invited except me. 除了我以外,我们班其他人都被邀请了。
except 是介词,表示“除了……之外”;besides 强调“除了,还有……”例如:Except Lily, there are 42 students in our classroom.除丽丽外我们教室里还有42个人。Besides Lily, there are 42 students in our classroom.表示丽丽也在教室,教室里有42个人。【考例】I looked for my pen everywhere _______ there. A. except B. but C. except for D. besides【答案与解析】A。本题考查 except 与 besides 的区别。except 是介词,表示“除了……”;besides 强调“除了,还有……”。故本题选A。
22. You left your homework at home. 你把作业忘在家里了。
leave 遗忘,留下,忘带 例如:The old man left his pocket on the bus. 那位老人把钱包忘在了公交车上。【考例】I ______ my pen in my classroom. A. left B. leave C. forget D. forgot
【答案与解析】A。本题考查leave sth.+ 地点。这一结构。故本题选A。
23. My cousin is the same age as me. She’s really nice, and we get on well, but she always borrows my things. 我的表妹与我同岁。她确实很好,并且我们相处得很好,可她总是借我的东西。
The same age as…
Get on well 相处得好
Get on well with … 与……相处融洽、相处得好
e.g. We get on well with each other. 我们彼此相处融洽。
How do you get on with your new classmates? 你和你的新同学相处得怎么样?
注:Get on with 还可以表示“在某方面的进展情况”
e.g. How are you getting on with your English studies? 你的英语学习情况如何?
【考例】He wears the same clothes_____I do. A. like B. as C. on D. in
【答案与解析】B。本题考查the same as…… 意思是“与……一样”。这一结构。故本题选B。
【考例】I get on well______ my cousin. A. on B. with C. in D. at
【答案与解析】B。本题考查固定搭配get on well with sb. 与某人相处融洽。故本题选B。
24. I don’t want to have a fight with my cousin, because she is my best friend.
Havea fight with sb. = fight with sb. = fight against sb.
e.g. We can’t have a fight with each other at school. 在学校我们不能相互打架
25. Could you give some advice?
Give sb. Some advice
A piece of advice
e.g. The teacher gave me some advice on how to learn English well.
26. The tired children don’t get home until 7 p.m. 疲惫的孩子们知道晚上7点才到家。
Not … until …
27. The Taylors are like many American and British parents. 泰勒夫妇像许多美国和英国的父母一样。
The taylors泰勒夫妇,泰勒一家人。姓的附属前加定冠词the,表示“***一家人”或“***夫妇二人”
e.g. The Smiths are having dinner. 史密斯一家正在吃饭
28. Linda Miller, a mother of three in London, knows all about such pressure.
Know about… 了解,知道……的情况
e.g. I happened to know about him.
8. 人教版八年级下册英语二单元sectionB的2b翻译
短语:
翻译:
Dear miss li
id like to thank you for giving money to animal heipers .im sure you know that this group was set up to heip disabled people like me .you heiped to make it possible for me to have lucky .lucky makes a big difference to my life let me tell you my story.
what would it belike to be blind or deaf ?Or imagine you cannot walk or use your hands easily.Most people would never think about this, but many people have these difficulties.I cannot use my arms or legs well ,so normal things like answering the telephone ,opening and closing doors ,or carrying things are difficult for me.Then one day last year,a friend of mine helped me out .she talked to Animal Helpers about getting me special trained dog.She also thought a dog minght cheer me up.I love animals and I was excited about the idea of having a dog.
After six months of training with a dog at animal helpers,i was able to bring him home.My dogs name is Lucky ___a good name for him because I feel very lucky to have him. You see, im only ableto have a dog helper because of your kindness! Lucky is very clever and understands many English words. He can understand me when I give him orders.For example,Isay, Lucky!Get my book,and he does it at once.
lucky is a fantastic dog.Iwell send you a photo of him if you like,and I could ahow you how he helps me.Thank you again for changing my life. Best wishes
Ben Smith亲爱的李小姐
我想谢谢你给钱给动物助手。你一定知道这组帮助像我这样的残疾人。你的帮助使我有可能幸运。幸运的是一个大的改变了我的生活让我告诉你我的故事。
那么它大概是盲人或聋哑?或想象你不能走路或轻松地用你的手。大多数人不会想到这个,但是很多人都有这些困难。我不能用我的手臂或腿部,所以像接电话,打开和关闭的门或携带的东西,对我来说很难。去年的一天,我的一个朋友帮我了。她跟动物助手让我特别训练的狗。她也认为狗会鼓励我。我喜欢动物,我是用狗念头兴奋。
六个月后在动物帮助训练的狗,我能带他回家。我的狗的名字是幸运的___a很适合它的名字,因为我觉得很幸运能拥有他。你看,我只能够有一个狗帮手,因为你的善良!幸运的是非常聪明,明白许多英语单词。他能理解我,我给他下命令的时候。例如,我说,幸运!把我的书,他马上就做。
幸运的是一个很棒的狗。艾韦尔送你一个如果你喜欢他的照片,并且我能感觉你如何帮助我。再次谢谢你改变了我的生活。 最美好的祝福 史密斯
满意请采纳,O(∩_∩)O谢谢
9. 人教版八年级下册英语1-2单元语法
Unit1用will
加动词原形
表示一般将来时态
Unit2
用should
or
could
加动词原形
,委婉的提出要求和建议
10. 八年级下册英语一二单元的主要内容
本单元语法讲解 一般将来时
表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。本时态标志词:
1.含tomorrow; next短语; 2.in+段时间 ;3.how soon; 4.by+将来时间;5.by the time sb.do…
6.祈使句句型中:or/and sb. will do
例Be quick, or you will be late=If you don’t be quick, you will be late
7.在时间/条件状语从句中, 如果从句用一般现在时, 主句用将来时
8.another day
比较be going to 与will:
be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情,will 表示的将来时间则较远一些。
如: He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day.
2. be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情,will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。 He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old.
3. be going to 含有“计划,准备”的意思,而 will 则没有这个意思,如:She is going to lend us her book.
He will be here in half an hour.
4.在有条件从句的主句中,一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如: If any beasts comes at you, I'll stay with you and help you.掌握了它们的这些不同,你就能很好的区分be going to与will了。
What’s wrong(with you)?/What’s the matter?
Unit 2 What should I do?重点语法:过去将来时态(将来时态的委婉说法) do/does 的过去将来时态形式:(should/would) do do/does 的过去将来时态的被动语态:(should/would) be done过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式:肯定句例句:You should write a letter to him.否定句例句:You shouldn't write a letter to him.一般疑问句例句:Should I write a letter to him?特殊疑问句例句:What should I do?重点短语:keep sb. out 不让某人进入 What's wrong? = What's the matter? = What's the problem? 怎么了? out of style 不时髦的;过时的 call sb. up 给某人打电话 pay for sth. 为某事付款 part-time job 兼职工作 the same as = be same (to/with) 与……同样 in style 时髦的;流行的 get on [well] with sb. = get along [well] with sb. 与某人相处(好) didn't = did not couldn't = could not as ... as possible 尽可能……(eg/ as soon as possible 尽快) all kinds of 各种;许多 on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面 ask sb. for sth. = ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事 ask sb. not to do sth. 请求某人不要做某事 spend (money) on sth. = spend (money) [in] doing sth. 花钱做某事 sth. cost sb. (money) 某人花钱为了某事 take sb. sometime to do sth. 花某人时间做某事 find out 查明 find sb. doing sth. 发现某人做某事 be angry with sb. 生某人的气 be angry at sth. 生某事的气 the same age as = as old as 与某人年龄一样 have fight with sb. 与某人打架 learn to do sth. 学会做某事 not ... until ... 直到……才…… compare sth.(A) with sth.(B) 把某事(A)与某事(B)作比较 it's time for sth. = it's time to do sth. 到该做某事的时间了 maybe adv. 或许 may be (情态动词 + 动词原形)可能是 shall → should 情态动词 shall 的原形和过去式 pay → paid → paid 动