1. 英语语法有哪些
呵呵 希望对你有所帮助 祝楼主进步哈
spend,cost,,pay,take:spend on sth;spend in dong;sth cost ab money
注意:cost的三种形式都是;It take ab+时间+to do;pay ab money for
区分the other,another,other, others,the others the other:两者范围内特指另一个;another:三者或三者以上的人或事物中任意的另一个;other:后接复数名词,意为其他的;others:others=other+复数名词,可用some any all修饰
Have to意为不得不 very意可为真正的 stay意为保持某种状态,可与keep互换
Besides意为除...之外(还有) except意为除...以外(不包括在内)
Instead放在句末 instead of后面为ing形式
In...way以什么方式 some...some....others意为一些...一些...另一些....
Make ab do-使某人做某事 make ab adj-使某人怎样 make ab n-使某人成为
Lead/have/live a......adj+life
可以修饰比较级的词:far,much,even,still,a lot,a little
Used to do-过去常常做某事 be used to doing-习惯做某事
Regard as后面可接名词和形容词
By accident-偶然地,小心地 by mistake 错误地
英语里常用“数字-名词”或“数字-名词 形容词” ps:一个七岁的男孩:7-year-old boy
Miss doing-错过做某事 miss还有“想念”的意思
Be upset(about)对...感到不安
Express-表达 词组:express one's feelings-表达某人感情;express one's thought-表达某人想法;express one's idea-表达某人主意
Go on可以为“事件发生”ps:It seem that the player will go on好像戏剧要开始了;go on doing sth-继续做某事(不停地做某一件事);go on with sth-继续做某事(停下来之后继续做某件事);go on to do sth-继续做某事(做完一件事,继续做另一件事)
Keep on doing-一直做某事;keep sb doing-使某人一直做某事;keep sth+adj使某人保持某种状态
adj enough not to do-足够...不去做 not adj enough to do-不足够...去做
Advice-忠告(不可数名词)词组:a piece of advice-一条意见;ask for one's advice about-征求某人对...的忠告;against one's advice about-违背某人忠告;by doctor's advice-遵照医嘱;some advice about-一些关于...的劝告
Suggestion-意见,建议;词组:adopt a suggestion-采纳建议;by one's suggestion-根据某人建议。Suggestion的动词形式是suggest,用法:suggest doing。Opinion与suggestion相似,但不如suggestion正是,比advice客气,词组:in one's opinion
Plenty of-很多,可修饰可数或不可数名词,多用于肯定句中;a number of-许多,相当于many,修饰可数名词,注意:the number of-...的数量;an amount of-大量的,多用于不可数名词,amount前可用large,small等修饰程度;a lot of/lots of-很多,可用于修饰可数或不可数名词
So that-以便,为了;so...that...-如此...以至于
Focus on-致力于... Aim to do-目的在于做... Apply for-申请 in the case of-...的情形下
Further和farther都是far的比较级,farther表示具体距离的远近,further表示抽象概念
LAST:The last-最后 at last-终于 last day-上一天 last for-持续;final-最终的决胜的;决赛,最终考试;at last=finally
Hurt用于有生命的东西;damage用于无生命的东西对其价值和功能的损坏,破坏程度较小;injure与hurt相近,只是更正式,用于天灾或事故中;destroy很粗鲁的手段使之毁灭,很难修复
Good:人品好,质量好,向别人问好;well:身体好,或作副词;nice:带有感情色彩,外观好,待人感情好;excellent-极好的,语气最强
Be busy doing=be busy with=忙于做某事
Beneath-在..之下(紧贴之下) under-在...下方(垂直向下) over-在...上方(垂直向上) below-在...之下(位置低于),可用于表示数目低于,其反义词为above
Until-直到...为止;not...until-直到...才
Although=though=虽然,尽管;although较为正式,用于句首;though更通俗常用;只要用了although或though就不能用but,and,or等连词
Such as-例如,后面接单词或词组;for example常用逗号分开,后面常根句子
Be(后省略)concerned about-关心;difficult to和...不同;be proud of为...自豪
curious about认真;free for免费;afraid of害怕;serious about严肃;
unaware of没注意;strict with严格;responsible for...的责任;useful for对...有用; equal to对...公平;famous for对...出名;aware of直到;grateful to对...感激;careful of小心;tired of对..感到疲累
with、in都是介词,in用于衣服的颜色;with多指穿“戴眼镜,帽子”,或是衣服上的装饰;put on-穿上、戴上,强调动作;wear强调穿着的状态;dress意为“给某人穿衣服”
Join表示加入党派,社会团体,表示成为其中一员;join in表示参加某项正在进行的活动,词组:join in sth /join sb in doing-参加某人的活动;take part in参加运动会、会议或工作,参加群众性活动起一份作用;attend参加会议,主要以观众或听众的身份写
Family-家庭成员 house-房屋 home-家乡 room-房间
One可以做不定代词,代替前面提过的人或物(单数),如果是复数则是ones
Present-上演、演出,作形容词时意为“在场的、目前的”,作名词时意为“目前,礼物”
Find out-发现、查出,可指找到无形的东西;find-找到,通常指寻找的结果,有偶然发现的意思
In trouble-遇到麻烦;in pain-疼痛;in love-在恋爱中。In意为“在某种状态中”
Listen to-听某人做某事(做完) listen doing-听某人正在做某事。有类似用法的单词有:see,watch,hear,find
In fact=as a matter of fact-事实上 pay(no)attention to-(不)注意
So和such都有“如此,这样”的意思,so修饰副词和形容词,such修饰名词,注意:如果名词前有many,much,few,little时只能用so;修饰单数可数名词时,可以用so或such,但so句式“so+形容词+a/an+单数名词”,such则是“such+a/an+形容词+单数名词”
2. 英语语法 Curipus,she asked the driver..... 为什么curious
第一个词打错了吧,形容词分词都可以直接放句首修饰主语或直接放在主语后修饰,加上being其实是重复啰嗦
3. 九年级上册英语语法
呵呵 希望对你有所帮助 祝楼主进步哈
spend,cost,,pay,take:spend on sth;spend in dong;sth cost ab money
注意:cost的三种形式都是cost;It take ab+时间+to do;pay ab money for
区分 other,another,other, others,the others the other:两者范围内特指另一个;another:三者或三者以上的人或事物中任意的另一个;other:后接复数名词,意为其他的;others:others=other+复数名词,可用some any all修饰
Have to意为不得不 very意可为真正的 stay意为保持某种状态,可与keep互换
Besides意为除...之外(还有) except意为除...以外(不包括在内)
Instead放在句末 instead of后面为ing形式
In...way以什么方式 some...some....others意为一些...一些...另一些....
Make ab do-使某人做某事 make ab adj-使某人怎样 make ab n-使某人成为
Lead/have/live a......adj+life
可以修饰比较级的词:far,much,even,still,a lot,a little
Used to do-过去常常做某事 be used to doing-习惯做某事
Regard as后面可接名词和形容词
By accident-偶然地,小心地 by mistake 错误地
英语里常用“数字-名词”或“数字-名词 形容词” ps:一个七岁的男孩:7-year-old boy
Miss doing-错过做某事 miss还有“想念”的意思
Be upset(about)对...感到不安
Express-表达 词组:express one's feelings-表达某人感情;express one's thought-表达某人想法;express one's idea-表达某人主意
Go on可以为“事件发生”ps:It seem that the player will go on好像戏剧要开始了;go on doing sth-继续做某事(不停地做某一件事);go on with sth-继续做某事(停下来之后继续做某件事);go on to do sth-继续做某事(做完一件事,继续做另一件事)
Keep on doing-一直做某事;keep sb doing-使某人一直做某事;keep sth+adj使某人保持某种状态
adj enough not to do-足够...不去做 not adj enough to do-不足够...去做
Advice-忠告(不可数名词)词组:a piece of advice-一条意见;ask for one's advice about-征求某人对...的忠告;against one's advice about-违背某人忠告;by doctor's advice-遵照医嘱;some advice about-一些关于...的劝告
Suggestion-意见,建议;词组:adopt a suggestion-采纳建议;by one's suggestion-根据某人建议。Suggestion的动词形式是suggest,用法:suggest doing。Opinion与suggestion相似,但不如suggestion正是,比advice客气,词组:in one's opinion
Plenty of-很多,可修饰可数或不可数名词,多用于肯定句中;a number of-许多,相当于many,修饰可数名词,注意:the number of-...的数量;an amount of-大量的,多用于不可数名词,amount前可用large,small等修饰程度;a lot of/lots of-很多,可用于修饰可数或不可数名词
So that-以便,为了;so...that...-如此...以至于
Focus on-致力于... Aim to do-目的在于做... Apply for-申请 in the case of-...的情形下
Further和farther都是far的比较级,farther表示具体距离的远近,further表示抽象概念
LAST:The last-最后 at last-终于 last day-上一天 last for-持续;final-最终的决胜的;决赛,最终考试;at last=finally
Hurt用于有生命的东西;damage用于无生命的东西对其价值和功能的损坏,破坏程度较小;injure与hurt相近,只是更正式,用于天灾或事故中;destroy很粗鲁的手段使之毁灭,很难修复
Good:人品好,质量好,向别人问好;well:身体好,或作副词;nice:带有感情色彩,外观好,待人感情好;excellent-极好的,语气最强
Be busy doing=be busy with=忙于做某事
Beneath-在..之下(紧贴之下) under-在...下方(垂直向下) over-在...上方(垂直向上) below-在...之下(位置低于),可用于表示数目低于,其反义词为above
Until-直到...为止;not...until-直到...才
Although=though=虽然,尽管;although较为正式,用于句首;though更通俗常用;只要用了although或though就不能用but,and,or等连词
Such as-例如,后面接单词或词组;for example常用逗号分开,后面常根句子
Be(后省略)concerned about-关心;difficult to和...不同;be proud of为...自豪
curious about认真;free for免费;afraid of害怕;serious about严肃;
unaware of没注意;strict with严格;responsible for...的责任;useful for对...有用; equal to对...公平;famous for对...出名;aware of直到;grateful to对...感激;careful of小心;tired of对..感到疲累
with、in都是介词,in用于衣服的颜色;with多指穿“戴眼镜,帽子”,或是衣服上的装饰;put on-穿上、戴上,强调动作;wear强调穿着的状态;dress意为“给某人穿衣服”
Join表示加入党派,社会团体,表示成为其中一员;join in表示参加某项正在进行的活动,词组:join in sth /join sb in doing-参加某人的活动;take part in参加运动会、会议或工作,参加群众性活动起一份作用;attend参加会议,主要以观众或听众的身份写
Family-家庭成员 house-房屋 home-家乡 room-房间
One可以做不定代词,代替前面提过的人或物(单数),如果是复数则是ones
Present-上演、演出,作形容词时意为“在场的、目前的”,作名词时意为“目前,礼物”
Find out-发现、查出,可指找到无形的东西;find-找到,通常指寻找的结果,有偶然发现的意思
In trouble-遇到麻烦;in pain-疼痛;in love-在恋爱中。In意为“在某种状态中”
Listen to-听某人做某事(做完) listen doing-听某人正在做某事。有类似用法的单词有:see,watch,hear,find
In fact=as a matter of fact-事实上 pay(no)attention to-(不)注意
So和such都有“如此,这样”的意思,so修饰副词和形容词,such修饰名词,注意:如果名词前有many,much,few,little时只能用so;修饰单数可数名词时,可以用so或such,但so句式“so+形容词+a/an+单数名词”,such则是“such+a/an+形容词+单数名词”
4. 关于英语考试的语法
非谓语动词用法归纳
2012年高考对非谓语动词的考查将主要集中在如下两方面:1、非谓语动词的句法功能,即其在句中所充当的成分;2、非谓语动词的一些特殊用法。
动词不定式、动名词和分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)可以出现在句子中除谓语以外的任何一个位置上,充当句子的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分,这些动词形式称为非谓语动词。
基本用法
否定形式: not +不定式,not + 动名词,not + 现在分词
注:1.动词不定式的一般式:所表示的动作常发生在谓语动词的动作之后或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行;
动词不定式进行式:所表示的动作正在进行;
动词不定式完成式:所表示的动作则在谓语动词的动作之前发生。
2.动词ing的一般式:所表示的动作在谓语动词之前、后或同时进行要看语境;
动词ing的完成式:所表示的动作在谓语动词之前发生。
he came here to borrow a book.
i pretended to be reading when mother came in.
she is said to have been sent to europe on business
being a student, he was interested in books.
having done his homework, he went to bed.
the question being discussed is important.
非谓语动词主要的句法功能一览表:
1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。
smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)
it is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)
(2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(经验)
driving a car ring the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)
(3)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。
it took me only five minutes to finish the job.
动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语,但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。
it is / was no use / good + doing sth.
it is / was not any use / good + doing sth.
it is / was of little use / good + doing sth.
it is / was useless doing sth.
it is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。
it is of little good staying up too late every day.
每天都熬夜没有什么好处
2.不定式和动名词作宾语的区别
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求:
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语
afford, agree, arrange, choose, decide, hope, expect, offer, plan, promise, determine, demand, manage, fail, prepare, refuse, pretend, seem
常跟不定式作宾语的动词歌诀:
三个希望两答应,两个要求莫拒绝, 设法学会做决定,不要假装在选择。
hope; wish; want ; agree; promise demand; ask; refuse manage; learn; decide
pretend ; choose
想要拒绝命令,需要努力学习,期望同意帮助,希望决定开始。
want ; refuse ; order need; try ; learn expect ; agree ; help hope ; wish ; decide ; begin ;start
4.不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别
(1)不定式作定语
1)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系
he was the last one to leave school yesterday.昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。
the train to arrive was from london.将要到站的火车是从伦敦开来的。
2)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系
get him something to eat.给他拿点儿东西吃。
she has a lot of work to do in the morning.早上他有很多工作要做。
3)不及物动词构成的不定式做定语,要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系,这里的介词不能省去。
i need a pen to write with.我需要一支笔写字。
there is nothing to worry about.没有什么值得发愁的。
4)不定式修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等抽象名词如:
ability能力,本领 drive赶,驾驶 movement运动,活动
ambition抱负,野心 effort努力,尝试 need需要,需求
campaign战役,运动 failure失败,不及格 opportunity机会
chance机会 force力,压力,要点 promise许诺,希望
courage勇气 intention意向,意图 reason理由,原因
decision决定 method方法,方式 light光,光线,亮光
determination决心,决定 motive动机,目的 struggle奋斗,努力,
tendency倾向,趋势 wish希望,愿望,祝愿
5)被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next, second, last, only和not a,the等限定词时候,只能用不定式。
6)不定代词something, nothing, little, much, a lot 等习惯上用不定式做定语。
john will do anything but work on a farm.除了农活,约翰什么都愿意干。
7)如果其动词要求用不定式做宾语,或者其形容词要器接不定式做补语,则相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。如: tend to do---tendency to do;decide to do = decision to do;be curious to do = curiosity to do
his wish to buy a car came true.他要买辆车的愿望实现了。
their decision to give up the experiment surprised us.
他们放弃这个实验的决定使我们大吃一惊。
he is always the first to come and the last to leave.
他总是第一个到来,最后一个离去。
(2)分词作定语
分词作定语时有下面几个特点:
现在分词表示主动意义,正在进行;
过去分词一般表示被动含意,状态或做完(完成)的事。。
he rushed into the burning house.他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。
the child standing over there is my brother.站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。
the room facing south is our classroom.朝南的房间是我们的教室。
have you got your watch repaired? 你拿到那个修好的表了吗?
he is an advanced teacher.他是个先进教师。
3)-ing作定语 动名词①多位于其前表示其性能、用途(无时间性可换为for+doing)
he has a reading room. a sleeping car(a car for sleeping)
现在分词②表正在进行(主谓关系)即主动进行,可换为定语从句;
the girl gathering flowers is beautiful.
the question being discussed now is important.
过去分词作定语有(动宾关系,表完成)即被动完成,可换为定语从句。
we can see a lot of fallen leaves on the ground.
(we can see a lot of leaves which have fallen on the ground. )
4)下列不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语或表语,但不具有被动意义,这点要注意:
作定语的不及物动词分词形式为:v –ing 和过去分词。v –ing表示正在进行;过去分词表示已经完成。如:
falling leaves 正落的叶子 fallen leaves 落下的叶子
boiling water 正沸腾的水 boiled water 沸腾过的水(白开水)
departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, frown-up, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished, much-traveled, newly-arrived, recently-come
(3)不定式和分词作定语时的时间关系
一般来说,不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后;
do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from beijing?
你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗?
现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生;
do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office?
你要见那位正在办公室里写病历的医生吗?
过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生,或是没有一定的时间性。
have you read the novel written by dickens ?
5.作宾补时,三者的区别
1.有些动词接不定式作宾补:(和宾语有主谓关系强调动作将发生或已经完成;表一次性动作)
①tell/ order/ persuade/ invite/ force /warn / encourage/ get/ ask + sb to do
he asked me to finish it in time. the teacher told me to clean the blackboard.
②feel(一感); hear\ listen to(二听); have \ make\ let(三使);see\ watch\ observe\ notice\ look at\ find (六看) + sb do等感官使役动词后不定式作宾补省略to,但被动以后要还原to.
i heard him call me several times. i heard her sing the song many times. tom was made to sing.
2.有些动词接ing作宾补: feel(一感); hear\ listen to(二听); have \get \ leave\keep (四使);see\ watch\ observe\ notice\ look at\ find (六看) +sb doing (强调动作主动,正在进行,或尚未完成;延续性动词)
i found her listening to the radio. i heard her singing the song when i passed her room.
3. 有些动词接过去分词作宾补:feel(一感); hear\ listen to(二听); make\ let \get\ have\ leave\ keep\ (六使);see\ watch\ observe\ notice\ look at\ find (六看) +sb done (表动作被动完成,多强调状态)
speak louder so that you can make yourself heard. we found the village greatly changed.
i heard the song sung in english many times.
(3)不带to的不定式
下列动词后在主动语态中用不带to 的不定式作补语,但在被动语态中要加上to:
它们是“吾看三室两厅一感觉”——5看(look at, see, watch, notice, observe);3使(make, let, have);2听(listen to, hear);1感觉(fell)。以上动词还可用现在分词作宾语补足语(5+3+2+1-2+4):即以上动词除let, make 外都可以用现在分词作宾语补足语,此外find, catch, keep, have 也可以用现在分词作宾语补足语。
he was caught stealing. i’m sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.
(注): ①上述感觉动词与使役动词转换为被动结构时.其后的不定式一般需带to,如:
he was seen to come.
the boy was made to go to bed early.
②在动词find与help之后,不定式可带to亦可不带to,如:
he was surprised to find the sheep (to) break fence at this season.他发现羊在此季节越出栅栏,感到惊讶。
3)在do nothing/anything/everything but(except)结构中。例如:
last night i did nothing but watch tv.昨天晚上,我除了看电视别的什么也没有干。
但是,如果谓语动词不是“do nothing,anything,everything”,那么but(except)所跟的不定式则仍须带。
the doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking.医生除了让他戒烟,其它什么都没有说。
there was nothing for them to do but to remain silent.除了保持沉默以外,他们没有别有别的办法。
6.不定式和分词作状语的区别
(1)现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。
现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。分词作状语
1.分词作状语的基本原则
分词作状语时,分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。
分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系,否则不能使用分词作状语。
2.分词作状语的句法功能
分词或分词短语作状语时,可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while 或when 引出。
1)现在分词作状语时,现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,它们之间的关系是主动关系。
he went out shutting the door behind him.
他出去后将门随手关上。
not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.
由于不知如何办是好,他去找父母帮忙。
2)过去分词作状语时,过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,它们之间的关系是被动关系。
given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
如果对这些树多关心一些,它们本来会长得更好。
faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.
在遇到困难的时候,我们必须设法克服。
(2)动词不定式和分词作状语的区别
1)分词作状语一般表示伴随,而不定式常常表示目的。
they stood by the roadside talking about the plan.他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。(伴随)
they stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。(目的)
2)分词作状语放在句子开头,除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件。动词不定式作状语时,除了表示目的以外,还表示结果或原因。
reading attentively,he forgot the time for lunch.由于在专心读书,他忘了吃午饭的时间。(原因)
reading carefully,he found something he had not known before.他仔细读书时,发现了一些从前不知道的东西。(时间)
reading carefully,you'll learn something new.只要你仔细阅读,你会学到一些新的东西。(条件)
his family was too poor to support him.他的家庭太穷,不能维持他的生活。(结果)
we are glad to hear the news.我们很高兴听到这消息。(原因)
(3)下面一些句型是不定式做状语时候应该注意的:
a:not/never too…to, too…not to , but/only too… to, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意义
b:做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾,常见的不定式动词有:find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, proce 等。
c:不定式做状语时,其逻辑主语一般为句子的主语,否则用for引导主语。
9 with复合结构的构成
with+宾语+宾语补足语,构成with复合结构,宾语可以是名词或是代词,宾语补足语可以是介词短语、过去分词、现在分词、形容词、动词不定式、副词。with复合结构在句子中作状语,表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等。且with后面的宾语与其后的宾语补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系。
1)with+宾语+介词短语
he was asleep with his head on his arms.
2)with+宾语+过去分词(宾语与宾补之间是被动关系)
all the afternoon he worked with the door locked.
3)with+宾语+现在分词(宾语与宾补之间是主动关系)
with winter coming on,it's time to buy warm clothes.
4)with+宾语+to do(不定式做宾补有“将来”的含义)
i can't go out with all these dishes to wash.
5)with+宾语+形容词/副词
anderson was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.
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5. 英语语法:you will be curious what a poor guy i am. 请问 what引导的从句是什么从句 作句子的什么c成分
curious后面应该有介词about,what从句做介词about的宾语,是宾语从句。
整句意思:你将会好奇我是一个什么样的穷人。
6. 求考研英语必备语法
我这里有我自己考研究生的英语笔记,当时是参考另一个前盟友的足迹走的,在版上面加上了自己的权重点难点,配合的是当时看的星火考研英语的真题解析里(巅峰阅读100篇)。你要觉得有兴趣就给我留个言什么的,我可以把东西给你参考。说包你多分不敢讲,过线没大问题。等你能过了希望你也能传下去。
7. 推荐一本英语语法书,讲解得详细的
李阳的高中英语语法也行 宾语从句比较简单宾语从句
1. 定义:用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
2. 构成:关联词+简单句
3. 引导宾语从句的关联词有三类:
(1) 从属连词that。如:
He told us that he felt ill. 他对我们说他感到不舒服。
I know he has returned. 我知道他已经回来了。
注: that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下,that不能省略。
1. Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and连接两个宾语从句,that宾语从句放在and的后面时,that不能省略。)
大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。
2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时,that不能省略。)
对他我一无所知,只知道他是南方人。
3.That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe. (that从句位于句首时,that不可省略。)
我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。
4. We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary period. (主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语,that不可省略。)
鉴于他的特殊情况,我们决定应允他一段试用期。
(2)从属连词if/whether。如:
I doubt whether he will succeed. 我怀疑他是否会成功。
I don’t know if you can help me. 我不知道你能否帮助我。
(3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever
连接副词 where, when, how, why。
如:
Who or what he was, Martin never learned.
他是什么人?他是干什么的?马丁根本不知道。
I wonder what he’s writing to me about. 我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。
I’ll tell you why I asked you to come. 我会告诉你我为什么要你来。
You may do what you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。
(1) 介词宾语从句
宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。如:
He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.
他对那天发生的事感到很不快。
I walked over to where she sat. 我走向她坐的地方。
I am curious as to what he will say. 我很想知道他要说什么。
Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.
你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。
有时介词可以省略。如:
I don’t care (for) who marries him. 我不管谁跟他结婚。
Be careful (as to) how you do that. 你要注意做这件事的方式。
解释:
1.如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置。如:
We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.
我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的。
He has made it clear that he will not give in.
他已表明他不会屈服。
2.作介词的宾语:连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语,只用在except, but, in后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导,则需用it先行一步,作形式宾语。如:
He is a good student except that he is careless.
他是一个好学生,只是有点粗心。
You may rely on it that I shall help you. 你可以指望我会帮助你的。
介词宾语不可以用which来引导,而要用what来引导。如:
Are you sorry for what you've done?
你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗?
3.某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句,这类形容词或过去分词有sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等,连词that可省略。如:
I am not sure what I ought to do.
我不能确定我该做什么。
I'm afraid you don't understand what I said.
恐怕你没领会我说的意思。
I'm surprised that I didn't see all that before.
我好奇怪,我以前没看到过。
Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.
妈妈为她的女儿通过了考试而感到高兴。
4.连词whether (…or not)或if引导的宾语从句
if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用,但whether常和or not连用,if一般不与or not连用。如:
I wonder whether it is true or not. 我不知它是真是假。
用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义,应避免使用if而用wheter。试比较:
Please let me know if you want to go.
Please let me know whether you want to go.
if从句可理解为宾语从句,意为“请告诉我你是否想去”;此句又可理解为条件状语从句意为“如果你想去的话,请告诉我一声”。
5.宾语从句的否定转移。在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词后的宾语从句,有时谓语尽管是否定意思,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形式。如:
I don’t think you are right. 我认为你错了。
I don’t believe they have finished their work yet. 我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。
I don’t suppose he cares, does he? 我想他不在意,是吗?
6. 宾语从句的时态变化规律:
(1) 当主句是一般现在时态时,从句可根据需要用任何时态。
(2) 当主句是一般过去时态时,从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态。但客观真理除外。如:
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
老师说地球绕着太阳运行。
8. 英语语法
such +名词。所来以不知这源个such+adj.+名词复数/不可数名词+that...
意思是一样的。
She is so lovely a girl that everyone likes her.
She is such a lovely girl that everyone likes her.
9. 下面这句话的英语语法分析
为您解答
形式主语句
It形式主语 is系动词 curious表语(that he feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future. )真正主语
真正主语中
as though 引导方式状内语从容句, as though意为“好像,正如”,efforts后面非谓语动词to do不定式形式表示justify的目的,属于目的状语。
10. 高中英语语法,懂的老师们帮帮忙啊谢谢
1He picks up the envelope containing 50 dollars
为什么不能用which contains呢?which作主语引导定语从句时,这个从句不是可以是限制性的吗?
答:谁说不可以呢?如果说主句用的是过去时,则还可以说contains错了,该用contained, 可本题句主句的时态是一般现在时(这有点特殊,估计是舞台说明之类的),所以你的改写是正确的。
2It was more than a year now since he had seen her这里的now什么意思啊????感觉好像是多余的,难道书本上出错了吗????
答:这个now=then,是讲故事的人为了给人身临其境的感觉而用的词,汉语讲故事时也有这么说的的。你去查一下词典,有这个解释的。倒是这个since从句的时态有误。
原句最好是:It had been more than a year now since he saw her.
常见的句型是:It is (= has been) + some time since sth. happened.
since后总是跟一个过去时间点。(可跟名词,也可跟从句,用一般过去时态),表示:自从(某件事情发生)以来 ,如果是到现在为止,则主句用现在完成时态。(现在可以用is代替has been). 如果是到过去某个时间为止,则主句用过去完成时。(能不能用was代替had been,我不是很清楚。),这题句表示 自从他看见她以来,(到故事前文中所说明的过去某个时间为止),这个时间(it指代时间)已经过去一年多了。(had been more than a year).
所以说原句中的主从句的时态弄反了!
3The atmosphere is as much a part of its lakes,rivers这里的much是什么意思??什么用法
答:感觉本题句有误,经搜索发现原句为:
The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as are its soils and the water of
its lakes, rivers and oceans.
句子的意思是:大气是地球的一部分,正如土壤、湖河海洋中的水是它的一部分一样。
as much ... as... 表示比较,much表示程度相当(等),后一个as引导一个比较状语从句,因主语较长,将are提前,有省略。土壤、水是地球的一部分,这是常识,而这大气看似在地球的表面、上方,其实它一点也不比土壤、水差,不是地球的二等“公民”,而是它不可分割的一部分。
4. She's always been curious about exactly how life on earth began从 exactly how life on earth began开始我就不懂什么意思了,特别是exactly后面那部分,怎么去解析这个的语法
答:sb. be curious about sth.你懂的。
how -从句是一个名词性从句,你也懂的。exactly 是副词,表示“准确地,确切地”,可译成“究竟”
译:她一直对地球上的生命究竟是怎样开始的这个问题很好奇。
5. He never glances at me;on the contrary,if I accidentally cross his path.he would avoid me这句话什么意思啊为什么要选on the contrary后半句又什么意思,还有那个分号什么作用
答:分号=and,起到并列两个句子的作用。翻译一下:
他从来不鸟我,(连看都不看我一眼),相反,(引出和“看我一眼”这个行为相对的一种行为),如果我碰巧和他狭路相逢,他都会绕道而行。(避开我)。
查此题句摘自:
Chapter 57 - In The Lucerne Patch
Me?" said the young girl, "he never even glances at me; on the contrary, if I accidentally cross his path, he appears rather to avoid me. Ah, he is not generous, neither does he possess that supernatural penetration which you attribute to him, for if he did, he would have perceived that I was unhappy; and if he had been generous, seeing me sad and solitary, he would have used his influence to my advantage, and since, as you say, he resembles the sun, he would have warmed my heart with one of his life-giving rays. You say he loves you, Maximilian; how do you know that he does? All would pay deference to an officer like you, with a fierce mustache and a long sabre, but they think they may crush a poor weeping girl with impunity."