英语语法之wish和if

1. 高考英语之虚拟语气归纳整理的wish和as if

1.表示与现在事实相反的愿望
构成：主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + 动词过去式 （be 一律用were）
例如：I wish I knew everything in the world.我希望我知道世界上所有的事。
I wish that the experiment were a success.我希望这个实验是成功的。
We wish we had wings.我们希望有翅膀。
2.表示与过去事实相反的愿望
构成：主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + would/could + have + 过去分词或had + 过去分词
例如：I wish that you hadcome yesterday.我希望你昨天来过。
I wish that I could have gone with you last night.我希望我昨晚能和你一起去。
I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I had been there.我没有去参加晚会，但是我真的希望我去过那里。
3.表示将来不大可能实现的愿望
构成：主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + would/should/could/might + 原形动词
例如：I wish that he could try again.我希望他能再次尝试。
I wish that someday I should live on the moon.
We wish that they would come soon.
II. ASif 引出的虚拟。
As if….表好像……我们经常会利用一下句型来表达不能实现的虚拟状态：It is as if……。 (就好象是……)
As if + 从句， 主句。 （好像…… Sb.+ do…）表达一种假设的条件。而 As if 之后的假设内容的语法结构和wish虚拟的结构一样。
L. 33 A Day to Remember 中原句， “As if this were not enough to rece you to tears, your husband arrives.” 就利用了和现在事实相反的假设虚拟。北京新东方名师指出，要善于总结出一些学习语法的技巧，如利用对比，举例等方法进行学习。
注：Something is to happened，I'm to face it。

2. wish和if only引导的虚拟语气

if only 和wish 要表示将来的虚拟，要退一步
用过去将来时
I wish you would go with us tomorrow 要是你明天同我们一起去就专好了
If only she would come! 但愿他属能来

3. 英语语法和if的用法

whether和if的用法分析

一、相同之处。
1.whether和if都能引导宾语从句，常置于see,ask,learn,tell,wonder,doubt,find out等动词之后。
如：He asked me whether/is I could help him. I want to know whether/if he lives there.
2.whether和if都可用it作形式主语从句中。如： it's uncertain whether/if he'll come this evening.
3.在be uncertain/doubtful之后，常用whether引导宾语从句，有时也可以用if，如： We are uncertain whether/if Mary will come.
二、不同之处。
1.whether可置于句首引导主语从句，而if不能。如： ___the 2000 Olympic Games will be in Beijing is not known yet. A.whether B.If C.Whether D.That 答案是C。
2.whether可用在介词之后，引导宾语从句，而If则不能。如： Success depends on whether we make evough effort.
3.whether可引导表语从句，if则不能。如： The puestion is whether it is not worth doing.
4.在名词之后引导同位语从句时，用whether而不用if。如： The question whether the students answered correctly should be decided by the teacher.
5.whether后可接不定式，而if不能。如： Please tell us whether to go or stay here.
6.在有些动词（如discuss）之后，只能用whether，而不用if引导宾语从句。如： We discussed whether we should close the shop.
7.在引导否定概念in宾语从句时，只能用if，而不用whether.如：he asked me if I hadn't finished my work.
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whether和if都可以引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，在口语或间接引语中两者可以互换使用。如：
I wonder if / whether I can get some advice from you.

Ask him whether / if he can come.

但在有些情况下，whether和if的用法有一定区别。

1. whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或or not直接连用，而if一般不能。如：

正： Let me know whether you can come or not.
误： Let me know if you can come or not.

2. 当宾语从句提到句首时，只能用whether引导，而不能用if。如：

正： Whether it is true or not, I can’t tell.
误： If it is true or not, I can’t tell.

3. whether可以引导带to的不定式，if则不能。如：

正： I don’t know whether to accept or refuse.
误： I don’t know if to accept or refuse.

4. whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后，作介词的宾语，但if不能。如：

正： I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.
误： I worry about if I hurt her feelings.

5. whether可以引导从句，作主语、表语或同位语，而if不能。如：

正： It was uncertain whether he would come.
误： It was uncertain if he would come.

正： His first question was whether Tom had arrived yet.
误： His first question was if Tom had arrived yet.

正： We must consider the question whether we will take these measures.
误： We must consider the question if we will take these measures.

4. i wish 和 if only 的用法。

由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气
A．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。
B．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。
C．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。
I wish that he weren’t so lazy.
I wish I hadn't wasted so much time.
I wish she would change her mind.

if和if only都可以引导虚拟语气，而且用法也差不多，关于前面的动词形式，主要看时间词，例如
If only he could/would/might visit us 《tomorrow》 .(与将来事实相反）
he visited us 《today》 .（与现在事实相反）
he had/(could have) visited us 《yesterday》 .(与过去事实相反）
if only 翻译为“要是......就好了”

1，only if相当于if的加强版，引导条件状语从句，意思是[只有在....的“假设”条件下]，那么它虚拟语气形式和if是完全相同的，关于If引导的与“事实相反的条件状语从句“的虚拟语气在各时态的变化形式
2，if only的意思是”如果.....就好了“，它的意思等同于wish，表达与事实相反或可能性不大的愿望时，虚拟语气形式同wish。与only if的虚拟语气形式有不同
ps最大的区别就是only if引导主-从结构，而if only相当于一个句子中的状语，不是从句的引导词。

5. If和wish后用were还是was

在If和wish后要用were，而来不是源was,这句话指的是在虚拟语气中，在虚拟语气中如果有BE动词的一律都用were，不管是第几人称都用were。
如果不在虚拟语气中，I后面就用was。
主要是你要弄懂哪些是虚拟语气，哪些不是。虚拟语气是永远也不能实现愿望，就象你的例句一样，如果我是你，我就....，你想想我能成为你吗，这是永远都不可能的，这样的句子就是虚拟语气。

6. 英语定语从句中which的特殊用法 虚拟语气中wish、if 的特殊用法

which: 引导非复限制性定语从句，常用制逗号与先行项隔开，可指代某个先行词，也可指代前面整句话。
虚拟语气的特点是时态后退。wish that 从句和if从句后常见的形式有：一般过去时（与现在情况相反，系动词统一用were），过去完成时（与过去情况相反），一般过去时（将来不太可能发生，if句后还可用were to do/should do）。此时，wish表示希望。当wish用于wish to do/wish sb to do时等同于want。

7. wish的虚拟和if的虚拟有什么不同滴什么时候用should+动原哦

虚拟语气在语气上是一样的，只是要区分清楚和现在，过去还是将来的虚拟的问题版。
wish 后面的虚拟权语气 如果是和现在的虚拟用过去式，be 用were; 这是从句部分的虚拟；总之，wish 后面的从句都不用should+do
if 条件句，也是要区分这三种情况，分清主从句，记住句型就好了
should主要用于suggest（建议）; order; command等引导的宾语从句中，此时的should 可以省略。
还有就是你列举的这样的主语从句中，should可以省略。
楼主，希望对你有帮助。

8. 英语 wish的用法

祈使句就是原形动词阿
想想let‘s do。。。不也是祈使句吗？用的就是动词原形哦

9. wish的宾语从句谓语和as if和would rather的虚拟语气用法一样吗另错综和半真半

wish,as if,would rather三个虚拟的方法一样的，是退一步，
现在的情况用过去式，过去的情况用过去完版成
注意一点就是as if有时不一定权是虚拟
He talks as if he is drunk 说话像醉了（实际上是醉了）
直接用陈述语气就可以了
错综的话
If you had taken your medicine yesterday, you would be quite all right now.
如果你昨天吃了药的话，现在就已经痊愈了。
半真半倒是现在新创造的语法术语吗

10. 除了if于wish引领的虚拟语气句外虚拟语气的具体用法

虚拟语气是一项语法难点，为了让学员们便于理解与记忆，我们把虚拟语气分成三大块来讨论：
1．名词从句中的虚拟语气
标志词+should+动词原形
2．条件从句中的虚拟语气
①三种基本态
②倒装虚拟句
③混时虚拟句
④含蓄虚拟句
⑤跳层虚拟句
3．其它情形中的虚拟语气（wish/would
rather/It’s
high
time…/If
only…/lest）
一．三种基本形态（1）
表虚拟的时间
if从句谓语形式
主句谓语形式
现在：
did
/
were
would
(should,
might,
could)+do
过去：
had
done/
had
been
would
(should/might/could)+have
done(been)
将来：
were
to/
should+do
would
(should,
might,
could)+do
三种基本形态（2）（这是基础，建议牢记下面的例句，争取能脱口而出）
与现在事实相反：If
I
had
enough
money,
I
would
buy
a
book.
与过去事实相反：If
I
had
had
enough
money,
I
would
have
bought
a
book.
与将来事实相反：If
I
were
to
have
enough
money,
I
would
buy
a
book.
If
I
should
have
enough
money,
I
would
buy
a
book.
二、倒装虚拟句（只能与过去/将来事实相反，省去if，只有三种倒装形式）
Had
I
had
enough
money,
I
would
have
bought
a
book.
Were
I
to
have
enough
money,
I
would
buy
a
book.
Should
I
have
enough
money,
I
would
buy
a
book.
三、混合时间虚拟语气（主要是抓住时间状语）
(对过去事实虚拟+对现在事实虚拟)
If
I
had
studied
English
at
school,
I
could
read
the
English
novel
now.
(对现在事实虚拟+对过去事实虚拟)
If
she
were
not
so
careless,
she
wouldn’t
have
made
such
a
mistake.
四、含蓄虚拟句（在四级考试中目前还未出现此考点，但在阅读中常见）
3.
虚拟语气用在主语从句中。在句型“It
is
important
(necessary,
strange,
natural等)
that...”
中，that
后面的从句中的谓语动词用(should)
+
动词原形。
It's
necessary
that
we
should
have
a
walk
now.
我们现在有必要出去散散步。
What
would
I
have
done
without
you?
But
for
their
help,
I
would
not
have
finished
the
task.
But
that
the
doctor
arrived
on
time
that
day,
they
would
have
been
dead.
Given
more
time,
I
would
have
been
able
to
finish
the
test.
五、跳层虚拟句（即句子一半为虚拟，另一半为陈述语气；but前句用虚拟而or/otherwise后句用虚拟）
(but)
He
would
put
on
weight,
but
he
doesn't
eat
much.
(与现在事实相反)
He
would
have
put
on
weight,
but
he
didn't
eat
much.
(与过去事实相反)
(or,
or
else,
otherwise)
I
forget
where
I
read
the
article,
or
I
would
show
it
to
you
now.
(与现在事实相反)
Mary
couldn't
have
received
my
letter,
otherwise
she
would
have
replied
before
now.
(与过去事实相反)