A. 外研版初二英语1——12模块上册 重点句型 ,7——12模块的知识点 短语
Unit 1 Topic 1
see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事
be/feel sorry for 为…..感到难过
have / has been to 去过某地
have /has gone to 去某地了
take photos 照相
tell stories 讲故事
learn (sth.) from sb.向某人学习
have / live a happy/ hard / normal life 过着幸福/艰苦的/正常的生活
in detail 详细地
have sth to do 有什么要做
in order to do sth. 为了做…
help support families 帮助养家糊口
give support to sb. / give sb. Support
为某人提供帮助
get a good ecation 受到良好的教育
search sw. for sb./ sth.. 在某处搜查,寻找
search …for sth. …搜查,寻找
go abroad 出国,
at home and abroad 在国外
with the development of ….
随着……的发展
have a balanced diet 有均衡饮食
what’s more. 而且
in the past 在过去
at present 现在
see sth. oneself 亲眼所见
in the 1960s 在二十世纪六十年代
enjoy leisure activities享受闲暇的活动
keep in touch with与..….保持联系
since 1978 自从1978以来
many sorts of =many kinds of 许多种类的
not only …but also…不但…../.而且
make progress取得进步,取得进展
happen to sb. /sth. 发生在……身上
make preparations for 为做准备
draw up 拟定,起草
thanks to幸亏,由于
Topic2
get lost 迷路,走失
each other 互相
at least至少
at that time 那时
take place 发生
Great changes have taken place in China . 中国发生了巨大的变化.
because of 因为,由于
one-child policy 独生子女政策
be strict with sb. 对某人严格要求 be strict in / about sth. 对某事严格要求
any other + 单数名词
increase by +倍数或百分数 “增加了……倍或百分之……”
in developing countries在发展中国家
in developed countries 在发达国家
So it is. 的确是, 确实如此
carry out 实行,执行
one fifth 五分之一
less living space 较少的生活空间
be short of 短缺
so far 到目前为止
take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事
less than 不到,少于
a couple of 一些,几个
be famous as …作为而出名
work well in (doing ) sth. 在某方面起作用
25 percent of 百分之25的
offer sb. sth. 提供某人某物
keep up with 赶上,跟上
Topic 3
the homeless 无家可归的人
in need 在困难时, 在贫困之中
once conj. 一旦…就…,adv. 一次, 从前
it is+ adj. +for sb to do sth.
对某人来说做… 是
decide on+n.\v-ing = decide to do sth 决定要做某事
provide sb.with sth. =offer sb. sth.
提供给某人某物
be sucessful in doing sth=succeed in doing sth 成功完成某事
feel good 感到愉快或有信心
break out 爆发
be/get used to(doing) sth. 习惯(做)某事
come for a visit 来参观
ride a skateboard 玩滑板
go to an amusement park 去游乐场
see a film in the open air 看露天电影
jump rope 跳绳
play tug of war 拔河
play hide-and-seek 捉谜藏
return to a normal life
重新回到正常的生活
obey /disobey the rules遵守\违反规则
take drugs 吸毒
in the past+时间 在过去的……里
in the past sixteen years在过去的16年里
the people at home and abroad
国内外的人们
be used for sth\ doing sth 被用来做某事
With the money用这些钱
hear of 听说
hear from=receive/get a letter from
B. 英语的12个时态语法和被动语态
一、一般时态
1、一般现在时
(1)一般现在时表示没有时限的持久存在的动作或状态或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态,常和副词usually,often,always sometimes, regularly,near,occasionally,every year, every week等连用。例如:
1)The moon moves round the earth..
2)Mr. Smith travels to work by bus every day.
(2)在由after,until,before,once,when,even if,in case,as long as,as soon as,the moment以及if,unless等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,通常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如:
1)I will tell him the news as soon as I see him.
2)I will not go to countryside if it rains tomorrow.
(3)某些表示起始的动词,可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,这类动词有:be,go,come,start,depart,arrive,begin,leave等。例如:
1)The plane leaves at three sharp.
2)The new teachers arrive tomorrow.
(4)在由why,what,where,whoever,who,that,as等引导的从句中,也常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如:
1)Free tickets will be given to whoever comes first.
2)You’ll probably be in the same train as I am tomorrow.
2.一般过去时
(1)表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态,常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。例如:
We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film.
(2)表示过去习惯性动作。例如:
1)He always went to class last.
2)I used to do my homework in the library.
(注意与be used to doing短语的区别)
C. 不少于12个词的英语短语,还需要有高级词汇和好的语法结构
1、Life is a sail trip full of chances and challenges.人生的航行充满了机遇与挑战。
2、Life is a lane but it is a rotative course.生命是单行道,但是一个循环的过程。
3、A man has choice to begin love, but not to end it. ----Bohn 一个人开始去爱上谁的时候,他可以有所选择,但当他要结束爱情的时候,他可没有选择了。
4、A happy family life is a wonderful asset for any one.快乐的家庭生活对每个人都是很大的一笔财富。
5、Without music, life is a journey through a desert.没有音乐,生命就如荒漠之旅。
6、Life is a line segment, the intersection after the separation.人生就是线段,交集后分离。
7、Life is a maze and love is a riddle.生活是座迷宫,爱情是个谜。
8、Life is a mystery to solve not a problem to resolve.生命是一个等待你去理解的神秘事物,而不是等待你去解决的问题。
9、Where love fails, we espy all faults. ---Ray 在爱情丧失的地方,我们就察见所有的缺点了。
10、When work is a pleasure, life is a joy!当工作是一种乐趣时,生活才是一种享受。
11、The kiss of life is a love poem.吻是恋爱生活上的一首诗。
12、Life is a school and we are here to learn.生活是一所学校,我们都在这里学习。
13、Life is a path winding in the mountain, bumpy and zigzagging.生活是蜿蜒在山中的小径,坎坷不平。
14、Life is a never - ending road, I walk, walk, keep walking.人生是一条没有尽头的路,我走着,走着,不断地走着。
15、The home is where the heart is. The heart is where you are.心在哪里,家就在哪里。你在哪里,我的心就在哪里。
16、The course of true love never did run smooth. ---Shakespeare 真诚的爱情永不是走一条平坦的道路的。
17、Senile idiots: What we call life is a - and - ten - cent store romance. 我们所谓的人生只是一篇廉价物品商店里听来的传奇故事。
18、Point to Ponder: Life is a test and a trust.思考重点:人生是考验,也是受托。
19、Peel a fig for your friend, a peach for your enemy.给朋友剥个无花果,给坏蛋抛只大坏桃。
20、One love expels another. ---Lyly 一个爱情驱除另一个爱情。
D. 人教版七年级下册英语十二单元语法 要全点 急啊!!
给你、、、采用啊 Unit12
Grammar for section A
1. eg.1) Which rules are these students breaking?这些学生违反了哪些规则?
My brother didn’t break the school rules.我弟弟没有违反校规。
总结:rule 是个_____名词,意为______。
扩展:school rules______. keep/follow rules______. break rules______.
2)The king’s rule lasted fifty years.那个国王的统治持续了五十年。
He ruled over the country for ten years.他统治这个国家十年。
总结:rule还可作_____讲,是_____名词;也可作____词,其后可以接介词over,组成词组rule over,后接宾语,意为______。
2. eg.1)Don’t arrive late for class.
Don’t talk in class.
Don’t worry .I can help you.
总结:这些句子是____句的否定句。祈使句是以动词原形开头,表达命令或者祈求的句子。其否定句式在句首加don’t。
2)Don’t arrive late for meeting.
He was late for work yesterday.
总结:arrive______. arrive late for…… 相当于___________,意为________.
3)We arrived at the village.
We arrived in New York.
总结:ariive 是_________词,后面跟地点名词时需要加介词____或____,____后面跟小地点,____后面跟大地点。
3. eg.1)—Can we listen to music ,Cindy?
—We can’t listen to music in the hallways,but we can listen to it outside.
总结:句中can’t 是情态动词的否定式______的 缩写,意为_____。Can 后面接_______,没有_____和_____的变化。Can 的过去式是_____。
2)Can 在句中意为_____,与____同义,表示请求或许可。eg:
—Can /May/Could I ask you a question? (could的语气比can 委婉)
—Yes,please.
拓展:can’t help doing sth.____________ can’t stand sth../doing sth.___________.
4. eg.1)Do you have to wear a uniform at school?
He has to work on Sunday.
—Do you have to get up at six in the morning?
—Yes,I do.
总结:have to 是_____动词,意思是______。Have to 侧重于客观上的必要,和其他情态动词的区别在于它具有人称和数的变化。肯定句:主语+________________+_________+其他成分;否定句:主语+___________________+_______+_______+其他成分;疑问句:___________+______+______+_______+其他成分。
拓展:have to 的同义词must 的用法
eg.2)You must finish your homework now._________________________。
—Must I go home now?
—Yes,you must./No,you needn’t.
must 也意为_______,强调由于主观原因一定要做某事,只用于一般现在时,没有_____和_____的变化,在否定句中或作否定回答时用_______。
5. eg.1)What else do you have to do?
Would you like anything else?
Where else do you want to go?
总结:else作____词,表示_____,放在something,someone,somebody等复合代词或者_____,_____,______,_____等疑问代词或副词之后。
2)What else did you do yesterday?
What’s that in your other hand?你另一只手里拿的是什么?
I don’t like this one ,show me the other.
else 与other 二者都可表示_________。但_____要放在所修饰的词之后,作副词;而_____恰好相反,要放在所修饰词之前,作形容词。最后一句other 作___词,else 则不可以。
6. 祈使句“四兄弟—VBLD”
表示建议,请求,命令,禁止做某事可用祈使句。其特点是省略了主语,以动词原形开头。
(1) eg. Listen to me , please.____________.
Stop!____________.
总结:V型祈使句(以行为动词开头)
“四兄弟“中的老大,用得最多。如:
(2) eg. Be quiet,please!__________.
Be careful!__________.
总结:B型祈使句(以Be开头)
(3) eg.Let me help you.____________.
Let’s go.___________.
总结:L型祈使句(以Let开头)
(4) eg.Don’t talk in class.______________.
总结:D型祈使句(以Don’t +动词原形开头)
Exerice:
1. Tom was sent away(被开除) from school because he aways _____the school rules.
A.follows B.doesn’t want C.breaks D.catches
2.—Mom,can I wear my jeans to school?
—No,you _________wear your school uniform .That’s the school rule.
A.can B.can’t C.have to D.may
3.If he doesn’t want to do the job,does______want to?
A.everybody else B.anybody else C.else anybody D.else everybody
4.You can’t listen to music when your mother is sleeping.(改为祈使句)
________ _______to music when your mother is sleeping.
5.Look at my photo,please.(改为否定祈使句)
______ ______ ______my photo,please.
6.In the library ,we must be quite.(改为同义句)
In the library,we_____ ______be quite.
Grammar for section B
1. eg.Don’t go out on school nights.
On a cold moring ,he called me.
总结:on school nights 意为______________,,school 在此用来修饰名词_______。一般我们说“at night”,但当night 前面有定语修饰时,介词应用___.
2. eg.1) I have too many rules in my house.在我家里有太多的规定。
There are too many people in the park on Sunday
There is too much homework on weekends.
总结:句中too many意为_______,后接_____名词的复数,too much也意为_______,但后接_______名词。
2)eg.It’s much too hot today.
The old man walked much too slowly.这位老人走得太慢了。
总结:much too 意为________,常用作副词词组,修饰形容词或其他词。
3. eg.And I have to be in bed by ten o’clock.并且十点以前我就得上床睡觉。
He was in bed all day yesterday.
总结:be in bed 为固定搭配,意思是_______.
by 在第一句中意为________,为介词。
请注意介词by的以下用法:
They’re walking by the river.( )
Do you go to school by bus.( )
拓展:by the way______________. all by oneself____________.
4. eg.1)Later I have to go to the Children’s Palace to learn the piona. 随后我必须去少年宫学钢琴。
Later we become very good friends.后来我们成了很好的朋友。
He came back a week later.一个星期后他回来了。
总结:later 作____词,意为________,常用来指时间上的“稍后”。单独使用,常用于一般过去时或一般将来时;“一段时间+later”则表示___________,用于_________时。
2)He was late for school yesterday.__________________.
It will get colder later on.晚些时候,天气会更冷。
总结:late可用作形容词或副词,意为__________。later on 意为________,一般指将来。
5. eg.No talking!不许说话!
No photos!_________!
No smoking!(= )
No parking!_________!
No drawing on the wall!(= )
Exerice:
1.—______listen to music in the classroom.
—sorry , I won’t. A.Not B.Do C.Can’t D.Don’t
2.I have ______rules in my house .I can’t stand them.
A.too many B.too much C.many too D.much too
3.—Where were you at 10 o’clock last night?
—I was sleeping at home.I have to be ____bed____9:30pm.
A.in;for B.in;in C.on;by D.in; by
4.Half an hour ______,we got home.
A.late B.later C.later on
5.—Please be quite in the library! Look at the sign.It says, “No________.”
—I am sorry.
A.talk B.talking C.read D.reading
E. 初一上册英语1-12单元语法知识点
一. 词汇
⑴ 单词
1. 介词:in, on, under, behind, near, at, of
1). in表示"在……中", "在……内"。例如:
in our class 在我们班上
in my bag 在我的书包里
in the desk 在桌子里
in the classroom 在教室里
2). on 表示"在……上"。例如:
on the wall 在墙上
on the desk 在桌子上
on the blackboard 在黑板上
3). under表示"在……下"。例如:
under the tree 在树下
under the chair 在椅子下
under the bed 在床下
4). behind表示"在……后面"。例如:
behind the door 在门后
behind the tree 在树后
5). near表示"在……附近"。例如:
near the teacher's desk 在讲桌附近
near the bed 在床附近
6). at表示"在……处"。例如:
at school 在学校
at home 在家
at the door 在门口
7). of 表示"……的"。例如:
a picture of our classroom 我们教室的一幅画
a map of China 一张中国地图
2. 冠词 a / an / the:
冠词一般位于所限定的名词前,用来署名名词所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词有两个形式,即a和an。a用在以辅音音素开头的词前,如a book; an用在以元音音素开头的字母前,如an apple.
a或an与可数名词单数连用,泛指某类人或某物中的一个。
This is a cat.
这是一只猫。
It's an English book.
这是一本英语书。
His father is a worker.
他的爸爸是个工人。
the既可以用在可数名词前,也可以用在不可数名词前,表示某个或某些特定的人或事物,也可以指上文提到过的人或事物。
Who's the boy in the hat?
戴帽子的男孩是谁呀?
------ What can you see in the classroom?
------ I can see a bag.
------ Where's the bag?
------ It's on the desk.
------- 你能在教室里看到什么呀?
------ 我能看见一个书包。
------ 书包在哪呀?
------ 在桌子上。
3.some和any
①在肯定句中用some.例如:
There are some books on the desk.桌子上有一些书。
Lucy has some good books露西有一些好书。
②在疑问句和否定句中用any。例如:
Is there any ink in your pen?你的钢笔里有墨水吗?
Do you have any brothers and sisters?你有兄弟姐妹吗?
There isn't any water in the glass.杯子里没有水。
⑵记住它们的特殊用法。
①some亦可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中,这一点我们不久就会学到。例如:
Would you like to have some apples?你想吃苹果吗?
②any也可用于肯定句中,表示"任何的"。例如:
Any one of us can do this.我们当中任何一个都能做这个。
some 和any的用法是经常出现的考点,希望大家能准确地掌握它们的用法。
4.family
family看作为一个整体时,意思是"家庭",后面的谓语动词be用单数形式 is ;如把family看作为家庭成员时,应理解为复数,后面的谓语动词be应用are。
My family is a big family. 我的家庭是个大家庭。
My family are all at home now. 我的家人现在都在家。
Family强调由家人组成的一个集体或强调这个集体中的成员。home指个人出生、被抚养长大的环境和居住地点。 house指"家"、"房屋",侧重居住的建筑本身。
His family are all workers. 他的家人都是工人。
My home is in Beijing. 我的家在北京。
He isn't at home now. 他现在不在家。
It's a picture of my family. 这是一张我全家的照片。
5. little的用法
a little dog 一只小狗,a little boy 一个小男孩。little常用来修饰有生命的名词。
*但little还可表示否定意义,意为"少的",加不可数名词。
There is little time. 几乎没时间了。
There is little water in the cup. 杯中水很少。
⑵ 词组
on the desk 在桌子上
behind the chair 在椅子后
under the chair 在椅子下面
in her pencil-box 在她的铅笔盒中
near the door 在门附近
a picture of a classroom 一个教室的图片
look at the picture 看这张图片
the teacher's desk 讲桌
a map of China 一张中国地图
family tree 家谱
have a seat 坐下,就坐
this way 这边走
二. 日常用语
1. Come and meet my family.
2. Go and see. I think it's Li Lei.
3. Glad to meet you.
4. What can you see in the picture?
I can see a clock / some books.
5. Can you see an orange?
Yes, I can. / No, I can't.
6. Where's Shenzhen?
It's near Hong Kong.
7. Let me see.(口语)让我想想看。
see 在这是"明白、懂了",不可译作"看见"。例如:
8. Please have a seat.
seat表示"座位",是个名词。have a seat表示"就坐",也可以说take a seat, 和sit down的意思相同。
三. 语法
1. 名词所有格
名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系,通常用名词所有格的形式,意为"……的"。一般有以下几种形式:
(1). 一般情况下在词尾加"'s"。例如:
Kate's father Kate的爸爸
my mother's friend 我妈妈的朋友
(2). 如果复数名词以s结尾,只加"'"。例如:
Teachers' Day 教师节
The boys' game 男孩们的游戏
(3). 如果复数名词不以s结尾,仍加"'s"。例如:
Children's Day 儿童节
Women's Day 妇女节
(4). 表示两个或几个共有时,所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如:
Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房间
Kate and Jim's father Kate 和Jim的爸爸
动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"'s",而常常用介词of的短语来表示。
a map of China 一幅中国地图
the name of her cat 她的猫的名字
a picture of my family 我的家庭的一张照片
the door of the bedroom 卧室的门
2. 祈使句
祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语,读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌,常在句首或句尾加please 。在句尾时,please前多用逗号。
(1). 祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。
Go and see. 去看看。
Come in, please. 请进。
(2). 祈使句的否定形式常用don't于句首。
Don't look at your books. 不要看书。
Don't play on the road. 不要在马路上玩。
3. There be 的句子结构
There be是一个"存在"句型,表示"有"的意思,
肯定句的形式为:There be + 名词(单数或复数)+地点状语或时间状语。
be动词单复数的确定,看be后边第一个名词,当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时,be动词形式为is;当所接主语为复数名词时,be动词为are;当be动词后接两个以上主语时,be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为"某地有某人或某物"。如:
There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。
There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。
(1)there be的否定句,即在be的后面加上not。
否定形式为:There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语。
There is not any cat in the room. 房间里没猫。
There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上没书。
(2)there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首:Be there + (any) +名词+地点状语?肯定回答:Yes, there is / are. 否定回答:No, there isn't / aren't.
---Is there a dog in the picture? 画上有一只狗吗?
---Yes, there is. 有。
---Are there any boats in the river? 河里有船吗?
---No, there aren't. 没有。
(3)特殊疑问句:How many . . . are there (+地点状语)?"某地有多少人或物?"回答用There be . . .
There's one. / There are two / three / some . . .
有时直接就用数字来回答。One. / Two . . .
---How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少学生?
---There's only one. / There are nine. 只有一个。/有九个。
(4)如果名词是不可数名词,用:How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语?
How much water is there in the cup? 杯中有多少水?
How much food is there in the bowl? 碗里有多少食物?差不多 就这些了
F. 九年级英语12单元重点语法
1. be supposed to do .应该如:
We are supposed to stop smoking.我们应该停止吸烟。
知识拓展表示应该的词有:should, ought to ,be supposedto
2. shake hands握手shake 本意是“摇动、震动”
3. You should have asked what you were supposed to wear.
你本应该问清楚怎么样穿才得体。中的“should have asked”是
“情态动词+现在完成时”表示过去本应该做某事,事实上没有做
如:She should have gone to Beijing.她本应该去了北京。(没有去)
4. be relaxed about sth.对某事随意、不严格如:
They are relaxed about the time. 他们对时间很随意。
5. pretty adv. 相当,很=veryShe is pretty friendly. 她相当友好。
adj. 美丽的 She is a pretty girl.她是一个美丽的女孩。
6. make plans to do == plan to do. 打算做某事如:
She has made plans to go toBeijing.==She has planed to go to Beijing.
7. drop by 访问看望拜访串门
We just dropped by our friends’homes.我们刚刚去朋友家串门。
8. on time 按时
9.after all 毕竟终究如:
You see I was right after all.你看,毕竟还是我对了。
10. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事如:
Lily invited me to have dinner.莉莉请我吃晚饭。
11. without 没有
12. around the world == all over the world 全世界
13. pick up 捡起挑选如:He picked up his hat. 他捡起他的帽子。
14. start doing == start to do 开始做某事如
He started reading.== He startedto read. 他开始读。
15. point at 指向
16. stick v. 剌截n. 棒,棍
chopstick 筷子是由chop(砍)+stick(棒)合成,
通常用复数形式:chopsticks
17. go out of one’s way to do 特意,专门做某事如:
He went out of his way to make mehappy. 他特意使我高兴。
18. make mistakes 犯错误(复数)make a mistake 犯错误(一个)
19. be different from 与…不同如:
Chinese food is different fromtheirs. 中国菜与他们的不同.
20. get/be used to sth. 习惯于…
get/be usedto doing习惯于…
be used to do 被用于做…
be used for doing被用于做…
used to do 过去常常做…如:
I washclothes everyday. But I’m used to it.
我每天都洗衣服,但我习惯了
I am used towashing clothes. 我习惯于洗衣服了。
The knives are used tocut things. 小刀被用来切东西。
The knives are used for cuttingthings. 小刀被用来切东西。
She used to watch TV after school. 她过去放学后常常看电视。
21. 我发现要记住每一样事是困难的。
I find it difficult to remembereverything.
形式宾语 真正宾语
常见的形式宾语有:
find / think + it/them +形容词 to do sth. 如:
I think it hard to study English.
22. cut up 切开切碎如:Let’s cut up the water melon.
让我们切开这个西瓜吧。
23. make a toast 敬酒
24. crowd v.挤满 其形容词和过去式及过去分词都是:crowded
25. set n. 一套 v. 设置
26. can’t stop doing 忍不住做某事I can’t stop laughing. 我忍不住笑
27. make faces做鬼脸
28.face to face 面对面
29. learn…by oneself 自学如:
I learn English by my self. 我自学英语。