A. 初三上册英语语法点
1.
seem
形容词
Everything
seems
easy.一切似乎很容易。
2.
seem
名词
He
seemed
an
honest
man.他看上去像是个老实人。
This
seemed
to
us
an
ideal
plan.我们感到这是个完美的计划。
3.
seem
不定式
The
maths
problem
seems
to
be
very
difficult
to
work
out.这道数学题似乎很难解决。
I
seem
to
have
caught
a
cold.我好像是感冒了。
4.
seem
过去分词
Our
teacher
seemed
stopped
by
the
question.我们的老师似乎是被那个问题难住了。
His
story
seemed
revealed.他的谎言似乎已被揭露。
5.
seem
doing
No
one
seemed
thinking
that
way.似乎没人那样想。
She
seemed
lacking
in
enthusiasm
when
we
were
talking
about
that
film.我们谈论那部电影时，她看来好像没多大热情。
6.
seem
like
n./
V-ing，意思是"看起来像……"
It
seems
like
years
since
I
last
saw
you.自从我上次见到你以后，好像是过了好几年。
Those
cards
seemed
like
so
many
little
flags
dotted
about
the
schoolroom.那些卡片好像许多面小旗点缀着教室。
7.
There
seems
to
be...,意为"似乎有；好像有……"
There
seems
to
be
no
work
for
you
to
do
now.看来现在没有工作需要你做了。
8.
It
seems/seemed
that从句
It
seems
that
he
is
lying.看来他在撒谎。
It
seemed
that
no
one
knew
what
happened.看来没有人知道发生了什么事。
9.
It
seems/seemed
as
if从句
It
seems
as
if
he
were
in
a
dream.看来他像是在做梦。
B. 外研社九年级英语上册主要讲了什么语法知识点
外研社九年级英语上册语法知识点:
1. What are you up to? 你在做什么?
2. Would you like a hand …? 你想要帮忙吗?
3. have a look at … 看一看…
4. in the centre of …. 在…的中央
5. on our way back from… 在我们从…回来的路上
6. I bet you do! 我打赌你会做到的。
7. only once + 句子 只有在…的条件下才行
Unit 2
1.take a helicopter tour
take/ go on a… tour 表示进行…旅途
goon a camel ride 骑骆驼旅游
2. be surprised at sth. 对某事感到惊讶
Tom wassurprised at the result of the exam.
be surprised todo sth. 对做某事感到惊讶
Tom wassurprised to hear the news.
3. at different times of the day 在每天的不同时刻
4. in many ways 在很多方面
They are likeus in many ways.
in differentways 用不同的方法
I can work out this math problem indifferent ways.
ina way 在某种程度上来说
Ina way,that can be compared with the introction of the Internet in the 20thcentury.
by theway 顺便说一下
5. be similar to 与…相似
Hisanswer is similar to mine.
6. have a good/bad temper
有好/坏脾气
Miss Li is very kind. She has a good temper.
7. keep doing sth. 不断做某事
It keepsraining these days.
Mole8 Unit 1
1. at the back/front 在后面/前面
on the left/right 在左边/右边
2. over 越过
climb over the wall 爬过这道墙
see over the people 越过人群看
3. enter the competition
=take part in the competition 参加比赛
4. You bet! (口语)当然!
5. get sb. doing sth.
= make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
How did you get thecamera working?
= How did you makethe camera work?
6. How did you get on? 你进展怎样?
get on well with sb. 与某人相处融洽
get on well with sth. 某事进展顺利
He gets on well with his classmates.
Mary didn’t get on well with her work.
7. be in with a chance to dosth.
= have a chance to do sth. 有机会去做某事
8. have gone = bemissing
= be lost = get lost 不见了，失踪了
My watch has gone.
=My watch is missing.
= My watch is/gets lost.
9. You are kidding! 你在开玩笑吧!
10. expect to do sth. 期待，料到去做某事
11. pick up sth. 捡起某物
pick up sb. 接人
My father picks me up everyday.
Unit 2
1. be pleased with sb./sth.
对某人/某物感到满意
2. even though + 句子
= even if + 句子
即使…(对虚拟的情况进行让步)
I won’t go to the party even though/ifI have time.
即使我有时间我也不会去参加聚会的。
though = although
虽然…(对现实的情况进行让步)
I didn’t go to the party though/although Ihad time.
虽然我有时间，但是我没有去参加聚会。
3.read on 继续读
动词+on 表示继续做某事
4.know … well 对…熟悉
5. manage to do sth. 设法去做某事
We managed to get what we wanted.
我们设法得到了我们想要的东西。
6. a collection of 一组…
7. work on sth. 从事…
8. Congratulations tosb. 祝贺某人
9. present the prize 颁奖
give prizes to sb. 给某人颁奖
which, who 引导的定语从句
Mole9 Unit 1
1. Oh dear! 天啊!
2. It’s no laughingmatter.
这不是什么可笑的事情。
3. over there 在那边
4. have a word with sb. 和某人说句话
5. That’s good news. 这是个好消息。
news是不可数名词，前面不能加a
可以加量词 a piece of news
two pieces of news
6. Here you are. 给你。
7. be in deep trouble 有大麻烦
Unit 2
1. orange-and-white 黄白相间的
black-and-white 黑白的
2. win the heard of … 赢得…的心
3. a group of 一群…
4. He eats as many peachesas he likes.
他喜欢吃多少桃子就吃多少。
as … as possible 尽可能…
as early as possible 尽早
5. make a mess 弄得一团糟
6. ever since + 句子 自从…
7. translate … into … 把…翻译成…
8. have sth. done (bysb.)
把某物让别人…了
We hadthe machine mended.
我们把机器让人修好了。
He hashad his hair cut.
他把头发请人给他剪了。
9.选择疑问句：
在一般疑问句后加or …构成选择疑问句。
选择疑问句不能回答Yes或No，要选择其中一个进行回答。如：
--Are you in Class 1 or Class 2?
--I’m in Class 1.
/I’m in Class 2.
/Neither, I’m in Class 5.
10. 在定从中，当先行词是人和事物时，关系代词只能用that。如：
I often think of thepersons and things that I saw in the journey.
我经常想起在旅途中遇见的人和事物。
定从中只能用that的情况
1. 当先行词是everything, anything,nothing, something, all, none, few, little, 等代词时，只能用that。如：
Have you taken down everythingthat Mr. Li said?
你记下李老师讲的一切了吗?
All that can be done hasbeen done.
所有能做的都做好了。
2. 当先行词被序数词和形容词最高级修饰的时候，只能用that。如：
The first place that theyvisited in London was the Big Ben.
他们在伦敦参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
This is the best film thatI have ever seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
3. 当主句有who, which等疑问词时，定从只能用that引导。如：
Who is the man thatis standing over there?
站在那边的人是谁?
Which is the T-Shirt thatyou bought?
你买的T恤是哪一件?
4. 当先行词是人和事物时，关系代词只能用that。如：
I often think of the persons and things thatI saw in the journey.
我经常想起在旅途中遇见的人和事物。
Mole 10Unit 1
1. a bit + 形容词= a little 形容词
表示“有点…”
I’m a bit tired. =I’m a little tired.
我有点累了。
a little + 不可数名词
a bit of + 不可数名词
There is a littletime left.
= There is a bit oftime left.
还剩下一点时间。
2. give up 放弃
give up doingsth. 放弃做某事
My father gaveup smoking 2 years ago.
我爸爸2年前戒烟了。
3. stay fit = keep fit 保持健康
4.need to do sth. 需要做某事
5. take exercise 做运动
exercise 表示“锻炼”时是不可数名词，
表示练习时，是可数名词
doing morning exercise 做晨练
do eye exercise 做眼操
These maths exercises arevery difficult.
这些数学习题很难。
6. go running 去跑步
go swimming 去游泳
go sightseeing 去观光
7. talk to sb. 跟某人说话
talk with sb. 跟某人交谈
8. nearly adv. 几乎，差不多
Nearly 300 students entered thecompetition.
差不多300个学生参加了比赛。
The car nearly hitthe man.
车差点撞到那个男子。
9. not … any more 不再…
10. bump into sb. 碰见
I bumped into an old friendyesterday.
昨天我碰见一个老朋友。
Unit 2
1. know about 了解
2. include v.包括
including 介词. 可以做伴随状语
Your ties includedoing the cleaning and cooking.
你的职责包括做清洁和做饭。
Manypeople like pop music including my grandpa.
很多人都喜欢流行音乐，包括我爷爷。
3.persuade sb. (not) to do sth.
说服某人做(不要做)某事
My father persuadedme not to join the club. 爸爸劝说我不要参加那个俱乐部。
4.ban … from … 禁止…进入…
ban … fromdoing sth. 禁止…做某事
Mobile phonesmust be banned from schools. 应该禁止带手机进入学校。
The policemanbanned him from driving.
警察禁止他开车。
5. a TV programme showed his visits to theschool. 一个电视节目播放了他的这次学校之行。
(这里visit是名词，后面的to the school是定语)
6. get/have sth. done 把某物给…了
get things done 把事情做了。
I’ll have/get my computerrepaired.
我要把电脑给修了。
7. put on weight 增加体重
loseweight 减肥
8. in order todo sth. 为了…
What do yousometimes have to do in order to get fit?
有时候你不得不做什么来健身呢?
whose引导的定从
当先行词与从句中某个名词有所属关系时，就用whose引导定从。如：
There is a boy in our team.
The boy’s parents want him to go to a
sports school.
--- There is a boy in our team whoseparents want him to go to a sports school.
通常包含whose引导的定从的句子可以
译成两句汉语。如以上句子可以译成：
在我们队里有个男孩，他的父母想让他参加体校。
先行词是人是物都可以用whose引导，如：
1)He is the only student in our class
whose father is a policeman.
他是我们班唯一一个爸爸是警察的学生。
2)The desk whose leg is broken will
be repaired.
那张断了只脚的桌子将被拿去修理。
Mole 11
数字的写法和读法
1.1—10
one two three four five six seven eight nine ten
2. 11—20
eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen
nineteen twenty
3. 几十
twenty thirty forty fifty
sixty seventy eighty ninety
注意：four要去掉u再加ty; nine直接加ty
只有变为序数词时nine要去e加th.
4. 几十几
注意：十位数和十位数之间要加连字符
twenty-six ninety-seven
5. 百位数和十位数之间可以加and也可以不加。当十位数为零时，一定要加and
156 one hundred (and) fifty-six
509 five hundred and nine
6. 英语里每三个数为一个单位，用一个逗号隔开。第一个逗号为thousand(千);第二个逗号为million(百万);第三个逗号为billion(十亿)。如：
7. 表示具体数字时，hundred,thousand million,billion不能加s;表达一个大概的数字时，可以加s fivethousand students 五千个学生 thousandsof students 好几千个学生
8. 序数词的构成;在基数词后加th
特殊变化的序数词： first second third fifth eighth ninth twelfth twentieth
9. 整十的数字把y改为ie再加th twentieth fiftieth
10. 几十几的数字只用把个位数变成序数词 twenty-first sixty-fourth
11.分数的表达：
分子用基数词，分母用序数词。
当分子大于1时，分母要复数。
1/3 one third
1/2 a half
1/4 one fourth = a quarter
3/10 threetenths
Mole11 Unit 1
1. What’s the population of…?
某地的人口有多少?
Thepopulation is big/large.
人口多。
(注意：形容人口多不能用many来修饰population;people才能用many来修饰)
2. along with = togetherwith
连同，与…在一起
Tintinhas been to many places along with his dog.
3. look up 查看，查(字典)
I’ll lookup the word in the dictionary.
4. comp up 出现，进行
He cameup at last.
最后他出现了。
Thesports meeting will come up next month.
下个月将进行运动会。
5. thanks to 多亏
Thanksto the policeman, the boy was found.
多亏了警察，孩子被找到了。
thanksto = because of 由于
Unit 2
1. over + 时间 表示“在…期间”
overthe last 50 years 在上个50年间
over the past 10 years 在过去的10年间
2. in the distance 在远处
3. be close to … 靠近…
4. no + 单数名词= not a +单数名词
No + 复数名词 = not any + 复数名词
Thereis no student in the classroom.
= Thereisn’t a student in the classroom.
Thereare no clouds in the sky.
= Therearen’t any clouds in the sky.
5. room 作可数名词时表示“房间”
作不可数名词时表示“空间”
Thereare 3 rooms in my house.
我家有3间房。
Thereis little room for the desk.
没有空间来放这张桌子了。
6. close down 关闭，倒闭
7. add to 增加
8. run 可以表示“经营，管理”
runa company 经营一个公司
run acity 管理一个城市
9. protect … from …
保护…不受…(的侵害)
protect people fromcrime
保护人民不受不法活动的侵害
Mole12 Unit 1
1. give a warm welcome to sb.
热烈欢迎某人
welcome 既可以做动词也可以做名词
Let’s welcome Tomto our class.
2. be pleased/happy to do sth.
高兴去做某事
3. as a pupil = when I was a pupil
当我是个学生的时候
4. my time here was very important.
我在这里的时间是非常重要的。
句中的here作定语，修饰time，要后置。
The people thereare very friendly.
那里的人们很友善。
5. free adj. 自由的，有空的，免费的
The bird is free inthe sky.
鸟儿在天空很自由。
Are you free thisSunday?
这个星期天你有空吗?
The food there is free.
那里的食物是免费的。
6. each 表示“每个”
做形容词时等于every，但each 强调“个体”，every 强调“整体”。如：
Each/Everystudent has an English book.
每个学生都有一本英语书。
(用every student 表达相当于 all the students )
each还可以作副词，不能用every替代。如：
They earned 100dollars each.
他们每人赚了100美元。
7.watch sb. do sth. 观看某人做某事
Unit 2
1. experience n. 经验(u.n.)，经历(c.n.)
experience v. 体验
experienced adj. 有经验的
He has much experiencein teaching.
他有丰富的教学经验。
Please tell me your experiencesin Africa.
请告诉我你在非洲的经历。
Have you ever experiencedpoorness?
你有没有经历过贫穷?
He is an experiencedteacher.
他是一个有经验的教师。
2. up to + 数字 直到，至多
We can invite up to 20people.
我们可以邀请至多20个人。
3. progress 进展(不可数名词)
makeprogress with/in sth.
在某方面取得进步
I’ve made progresswith/in English.
我的英语已经有了进步。
4. take place 发生, 进行(没有被动语态)
The story took place on acold winter morning.
这个故事发生在一个寒冷的冬天的早上。
The training course will takeplace next week.
这个培训课程下周开始。
5. choose to do sth. 选择去做某事
6. a place of interest
名胜(在place这里变复数)
Howmany places of interest have you been to?
你去过多少个名胜了?
7. fill in 填写
fill in the blanks 填空
fill in the form 填表
fill sth. with sth. 用…装满…
8. where 引导的定从
当先行词在定从中做地点状语时，用where来引导。where = 介词+which。如：
Do you know the factory whereyour father works?
= Do you know the factory whichyour father works in?
你知道你爸爸工作的工厂吗?
C. 新目标英语九年级上所有要教的 语法 知识点（不用讲解，我只要个目录就行了） 要求语法全面一点
Unit 1
一：知识点
1.Check in : 在旅馆的登记入住。 Check out: 在旅馆结账离开。
2.By: ①通过…..方式（途径）。例：I learn English by listening to tapes.
②在…..旁边。例：by the window/the door
③乘坐交通工具 例：by bus/car
④在……之前，到……为止。例：by October在10月前
⑤被 例：English is spoken by many people.
3. what about doing sth：…怎么样？
4.aloud， loud ，loudly 均可做副词。
aloud 出声地 大声地 多与read 、speak连用
例如：read aloud 朗读 speak aloud说出声来
loud 大声地 响亮地 loudly 高声地 多指喧闹声和不悦耳的声音。
5. voice 指人的嗓音也指鸟鸣。 sound 指人可以听到的各种声音。 noise 指噪音、吵闹声
6. find + 宾语 + 宾补（名词形容词介词短语 分词等）
例：I find him friendly. I found him working in the garden.
We found him in bed. He found the window closed.
7. 常见的系动词有： ①是：am 、is、 are ②保持：keep、 stay ③ 转变：become、 get、 turn ④ ……起来 feel、 look、 smell、 taste、 sound
8. get + 宾语 + 宾补（形容词过去分词动词不定式） 使某种情况发生
例：Get the shoes clean. 把鞋擦干净 Get Mr. Green to come. 让格林先生进来
I want to get my bike repaired. 我想去修自行车
You can’t get him waiting. 你不能让他老等着
9. 动词不定式做定语
①与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系
The next train to arrive was fromNew York. He is always the first to come.
②与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系
I have nothing to say. I need a pen to write with.
I need some paper to write on. I don’t have a room to live in.
10. practice , fun 做名词为不可数名词 11. add 补充说 又说
12. join 加入某团体 并成为其中一员 attend 出席参加会议或讲座
join in与take part in指参加到某项活动中去。
13.all、 both、 always以及every复合词与not连用构成部分否定。其完全否定为：all---none, both---neither, everything---nothing, everybody---nobody.
14.be afraid of害怕 be afraid to害怕 be afraid that恐怕担心，表示委婉语气
15.either ①放在否定句末表示“也” ②两者中的“任一”
③either…or… 或者…或者.…引导主语部分，谓语动词按照就近原则处理
16.complete完成，是个较正式的词，后不能接动名词 finish指日常事物的完成
17.a,an 与序数词连用表示“又一”，“再一”。
例：Please give me a second apple. There comes a fifth girl.
18.have trouble/difficult/problem (in) doing….. 干…..遇到麻烦，困难
19.unless 除非，如果不，等于“if not”本身就表示否定，引导条件状语从句，主句为将来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。
例：My baby sister doesn’t cry unless she’s hungry.
=My baby sister doesn’t cry if she isn’t hungry.
Unless you take more care, you’ll have an accident.如果你不多加小心的话，你会出事的。
20.instead:adv 代替，更换。
例：We have no coffee, would you like tea instead？ 我们没有咖啡了，改喝茶好吗？
Stuart was ill, so I went instead. 斯图尔病了，所以换了我去。
instead of 作为某人或某事物的替换
例：Let’s play cards instead of watching TV.
Give me the red one instead of the green one.
21.spoken 口头的，口语的。 Speaking 讲话的，说某种语言的。
二，短语：
1.by making flashcards 通过做单词抽认卡 2. ask…for help 向某人求助
3.read aloud 朗读 4.that way (=in that way) 通过那种方式
5.improve my speaking skills 提高我的会话技巧
6.for example (=for instance)例如 7.have fun 玩得高兴
8.have conversations with friends 与朋友对话
9.get excited 高兴，激动
10.end up speaking in Chinese 以说汉语结束对话
11.do a survey about… 做有关…的调查 12.keep an English notebook 记英语笔记13.spoken English (= oral English) 英语口语 14.make mistakes 犯错误
15.get the pronunciation right 使发音准确
16.practise speaking English 练习说英语 17.first of all 首先 18.begin with 以…开始 19.later on 随后
20.in class在课堂上 21.laught at 嘲笑
22.take notes 记笔记 23.enjoy doing 喜欢干…
24.write down 写下，记下
25.look up (v + adv) 查找，查询 26.native speakers 说本族话的人
27.make up 编造，虚构，化妆，打扮 28.around the world 全世界
29.deal with 对待，处理，解决 30.worry about (be worried about) 担心，担忧
31.be angry with 生某人的气 32.stay angry 生气
33.go by 消逝 34. regard…as… 把…当做…
35.complain about/of 抱怨 36. change…into… 把…变成… （= turn into）
37.with the help of 在…的帮助下 38. compare…to (with)… 把…和…作比较
39.think of (think about) 想起，想到 40.physical problems身体上的问题
41.break off 中断，突然终止 42. not…at all 根本不，全然不
三，句子
1. How do you study for a test? 你怎样为考试做准备？
2. I have learned a lot that way. 用那种方法，我已经学到了很多东西。
3.It’s too hard to understand the voice. 听懂那些声音太难了。
4.Memorizing the words of pop songs also helped a little.记流行歌曲的词也起作用。
5. Wei Ming feels differently. 卫明有不同的感受。
6.He finds watching movies frustrating. 他觉得看电影让人感到沮丧.
7.She added that having conversations with friends was not helpful at all.
她又说和朋友对话根本没用。
8.I don’t have a partner to practice English with. 我没有搭档一起练习英语。
9.Later on, I realized that it doesn’t matter if you don’t understand every word.随后，我认识到听不懂每个词并没有关系。
10.It’s amazing how much this helped. 我惊异于这些方法竟如此有用。
11.My teacher is very impressed. 给老师留下了深刻的印象。
12.She had trouble making complete sentences. 她很难造出完整的句子。
13.What do you think you are doing? 你在做什么？
14.Most people speak English as a second language. 英语对于大多数人来说是第二语言。
15.How do we deal with our problem? 我们怎样处理我们的问题？
16.It is our ty to try our best to deal with each challenge in our ecation with the help of our teachers. 在老师的帮助下尽我们最大的努力来应对挑战是我们的责任。
He can’t walk or even speak.他无法走路，甚至无法说话
Unit 2
一. 知识点
1. used to 过去常常做某事,暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态. 后跟动词原形.
否定形式为: didn’t use to 或 usedn’t to 疑问形式为: Did…use to…? 或 Used…to…?
be/get used to 习惯于, to 为介词.
2. wear 表示状态. put on 表示动作. dress + 人 给某人穿衣服.
3. on the swim team on 是…的成员,在…供职.
4. Don’t you remember me? 否定疑问句.
Yes, I do. 不, 我记得. No, I don’t 是的, 我不记得了.
5. 反意疑问句:
① 陈述部分的主语为 this, that, 疑问部分主语用it; 陈述部分主语用 these, those, 疑问部分用they 做主语.
例: This is a new story, isn’t it? Those are your parents, aren’t they?
② 陈述部分是 there be 结构, 疑问部分仍用 there
例: There was a man named Paul, wasn’t there?
③ I am 后的疑问句, 用aren’t I
例: I am in Class 2, aren’t I?
④ 陈述部分与含有 not, no, never, few, little, hardly, seldom, neither, none 等词时,疑问部分用肯定. 例: Few people liked this movie, didn’t they?
但陈述句中若带有否定前缀或后缀的单词时, 这个句子仍视为肯定, 后面仍用否定.
例: Your sister is unhappy, isn’t she?
⑤ 陈述部分的主语若为不定式或 V-ing 短语, 疑问部分主语用it.
例: To spend so much money on clothes is unnecessary, isn’t it?
⑥ 陈述句中主语是 nobody, no one, everyone, everybody 等指人的不定代词时,疑问部分用they做主语; 若陈述部分主语是 something, anything, noting, everything 等指事物的不定代词时, 疑问部分用it 做主语.
例: Nobody says one word about the accident, do they?
Everything seems perfect, doesn’t it?
⑦ 当主语是第一人称I时, 若谓动为think, believe, guess 等词时, 且其后跟宾丛,这时疑问句部分的人称, 时态要与宾语从句保持一致, 同时还要考虑否定转移.
例: I don’t think he can finish the work in time, can he?
⑧ 前面是祈使句, 后用 will you? (let’s 开头时, 后用shall we?)
6. be terrified of 害怕的程度比 be afraid of 深.
7. miss: ① 思念, 想念 例: I really miss the old days. ② 错过, 未中, 未赶上, 未找到.
例: It’s a pity that you miss the bus.
8. no more (用在句中)=not…any more (用在句尾) 指次数;
no longer (用在句中)=not…any longer (用在句尾) 指时间.
9. right: ① adj. 正确的, 对的, 右边的② n. 右方, 权利③ adv. 直接地.
10. It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. = Yu Mei seems to have changed a lot.
11. afford + n. /pron. afford + to do 常与can, be able to 连用.
例: Can you afford a new car?
The film couldn’t afford to pay such large salaries.
12. as well as 连词, 不但…而且… 强调前者. (若引导主语, 谓动与前者在人称和数上一致
例: Living things need air and light as well as water. 生命不仅需要水, 还需要空气和阳光.
13. alone = by oneself 独自一人. lonely 孤独的, 寂寞的.
14. in the last/past + 一段时间 ring the last/past + 一段时间 与现在完成时连用.
15. die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.) dying (垂死的)
二. 短语
1. be more interested in 对…更感兴趣.2. on the swim team 游泳队的队员.
3. be terrified of 害怕.4. gym class 体操课.5. worry about. 担心.
6. all the time 一直, 总是7. chat with 与…闲聊8. hardly ever 几乎从不
9. walk to school = go to school on foot
take the bus to school = go to school by bus
10. as well as 不仅…而且 11. get into trouble 遇到麻烦
12. make a decision 做出决定 13. to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是
14. take pride in 为…感到骄傲 15. pay attention to 留心, 注意
16. consist of 由…组成/构成. be made up of 由…组成/构成.
17. instead of 代替, 而不是 18. in the end 最后, 终于
19. play the piano 弹钢琴
三.句子
1.I used to be afraid of the dark. 我以前害怕黑暗.
2.I go to sleep with my bedroom light on. 我开着卧室的灯睡觉.
3.I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends.
以前我常常花很多时间和我的朋友们玩游戏.
4.I hardly ever have time for concerts. 我几乎没有时间去听音乐会.
5.My life has changed a lot in the last few years.
6.It will make you stressed out. 那会使你紧张的
D. 新目标英语九年级上册重点语法有哪些
Unit1
1. 听古典音乐 listen to classical music
2. 向老师寻求帮助 ask the teacher for help
3. 为考试学习 study for a test?
4. 通过和小组学习 by studying with a group.
5. 大声朗读怎么样？What\How about reading aloud?
8. 练习发音 practice pronouncing
9. 说话技能 speaking skills
10.问某人关于。。。的情况 ask sb about sth
11.问到有关学习语法的事 ask about studying grammar
15. 感觉不同 feel differently
16. 发现看电影是令人沮丧 find watching movies frustration
17. 观看演员说话 watch the actors say the words
18. 说得太快 speak too quickly
19. 一点也不 not … at all
20．一点也没有帮助 be not helpful at all
don’t help at all
21．对于。。。感到激动 get excited about sth
22．最后以说汉语结束 end up speaking in Chinese
23．做一个关于学英语的调查 do a survey about studying English
25．英语口语 spoken English
26．在语法方面出现错误 make mistakes in grammar
27．慢慢地读 read slowly
28．我不知道如何使用逗号。how to use commas.
29．使发音正确 get the pronunciation right
30．挑战之一 one of the challenges
31．获得很多的写作训练 get much writing practice
32．在杂志中 in magazines
33．解决问题的办法 solutions to the problems
34．为什么不加入英语俱乐部呢？Why not join the English club?
Why don’t you join the English club?
36．首先 first of all
37．后来 later on
35．我没有练习英语的伙伴。I don’t have a partner to practice English with.
39．害怕在课堂上发言be afraid of speaking in class
40．不要嘲笑我。Don’t laugh at me.
41．没关系。It doesn’t matter.
43．我也不知道 I don’t know, either.
44．做某事的秘诀之一 one of the secrets of doing sth
46．记笔记 take notes
48．做某事有困难（四个）have trouble doing sth
have difficulty doing sth
have problems doing sth
have a hard time doing sth
49．把它们写下 write them down
51．在字典中把它查出来
look them up in a dictionary
feels soft.
摸起来很软。
53．编一个对话 make up a conversation
54．作为第二语言 as a second language
56．我们如何处理我们的问题？
How do we deal with our problems?
57．同义句
What do we do with our problems?
60．和某人生气 be angry with sb
61．通过学会忘记 by learning to forget
62．一个不公正的女孩 an unfair girl
67．解决一个问题 solve a problem
68．把。。。当作。。。regard…as
70．抱怨某事 complain about sth
71．对某人要求严格 be strict with sth
72．对某事要求严格 be strict in sth
74．把。。。变成。。。change … into…
77．做。。。是某人的职责
It’s one’s ty to do sth.
78．尽他们最大的努力做某事
try their best to do sth
79．在老师的帮助下
with the help of the teacher
80．把A比作B compare A to B
81．把A和B相比较 compare A with B
82．例如 for example
84．让我们面临挑战吧。
Let’s face the challenges.
85．一个士兵 a soldier
86．中断友谊 break off a friendship
89．加入英语俱乐部
Joining the English club
98．一个发展中国家 a developing country
99．一个发达国家 a developed country
95．发现学英语是困难的
find learning English difficult
91．记英语笔记 keep an English note
92．对某人来说做。。。是容易的。
It’s easy for sb to do sth
Unit2
我过去起床很晚。I used to get up late.
我习惯于早起。
I am used to getting up early.
等一会儿 wait a minute
你过去弹钢琴吗？
Did you use to play the piano?
我对学英语感兴趣。
I am interested in studying English.
她喜欢踢足球。I like playing soccer.
我在游泳队。I am on the soccer team.
我是游泳队的一员。
I am a member of the soccer team.
人们确实改变。People sure change.
他过去害怕黑暗。
He used to be afraid of the dark.
害怕做某事 be afraid of doing sth
害怕做某事 be afraid to do sth
一个寂寞的男孩 a lonely boy
感觉寂寞 feel lonely
独自呆在家里 stay alone at home
坐飞机飞行 fly in an airplane
上飞机 get on the plane
下飞机 get out of the plane
在黑暗中 in the dark
在夜晚 in the evening
在一群人面前
in front of a group of people
睡觉时卧室的灯是开着的
go to bed with the bedroom light on
通过电视看比赛
watch the match on TV
蜘蛛和其他的昆虫
spiders and other insects
还有什么
what else / what other things
害怕体育课
be afraid of / be terrified of gym class
我不担心考试。
I don’t worry about the tests.
一直，总是 all the time
吃糖 eat candy
嚼口香糖 chew gum
我最大的问题就是我太忙了。
My biggest problem is that I’m too busy.
忙于做某事 be busy doing sth
忙于某事 be busy with sth
如此多的时间 so much time
如此多的规矩 so many rules
这些天 these days
直接回家 go right home
吃晚饭 eat dinner
花费时间/金钱做某事
(spend) spend time/money doing sth
在某事上花费时间/金钱
(spend) spend time / money on sth
做某事花费某人一些时间(take)It takes sb some time to do sth
eat 过去式，过去分词，现在分词 eat—ate—eaten --eating
不再 no longer / no more / not …any longer/ not …any more
整天 all day
和某人聊天 chat with sb
chat 过去式，过去分词，现在分词 chat—chatted—chatted—chatting
带我去音乐会 take me to concerts
我有做作业的时间
I have time to do my homework.
同义句 I have time for homework.
我有买车的钱
I have money to buy a car.
同义句 I have money for a car.
怀念过去的日子 miss the old days
在过去几年中我的生活改变很多。
My life has changed a lot in the last/ past few years.
在过去50年中中国发生很多变化。
Great changes have taken place in China in the last / past 50 years.
我的日常生活与你的不同。
My daily life is different from yours.
介意做某事 mind doing sth
你介意我在这吸烟吗？
Would you mind my smoking here?
我喜欢读漫画。
I like reading comics.
不要如此担心事情。
Don’t worry about things so much.
这会让你有压力。
It will make you stressed out.
我的朋友搬到另外一个城镇去了。My friend moved to another town.
受感动（两个）
be moved / be impressed
我把头发留长了。
I grow my hair long.
她似乎很年轻。
She seems to be young
同义句 She seems young.
同义句 It seems that she is young.
她似乎知道每件事。
She seems to know everything.
同义句
It seems that she knows everything.
一个十一岁的男孩
an eleven-year-old boy
支付。。。 pay for (pay--paid—paid)
我支付不起这个房子。
I can’t afford the house.
同义句
I can’t afford to pay for the house.
为他自己和家人惹麻烦 cause trouble / problems for himself and his family
陷入麻烦 get into trouble
处于麻烦中 be in trouble
摆脱麻烦 get out of trouble
对某人有耐心 be patient with sb
最后 in the end
做一个艰难的决定
make a difficult decision
决定做某事 decide to do sth
把他送到一个男子寄宿学校
send him to a boys’ boarding school
send 过去式，过去分词，现在分词 send—sent—sent—sending
使某人吃惊的是 to one’s surprise
那就是我确实想要的。
It was exactly what I needed.
即使他很穷，他也很快乐。
Even though he is poor, he is happy.
以。。。为骄傲 （两个）
take pride in / be proud of
他已经死了两年了。
He has been dead for two years.
他两年前死了。
He died two years ago.
他的死让我们难过。
His death made us sad.
那条狗快死了。The dog is dying.
注意你的发音
pay attention to your pronunciation
班级中最好的学生之一
one of the best students in the class
对自己感觉好
feel good about oneself
对某人来说做。。。是重要的。
It’s important for sb to do sth
在那里支持着他们的孩子
be there for their children
放弃做某事 give up doing sth
把它放弃 give it up
别浪费时间。Don’t waste time.
改变某人的想法
change one’s mind
正如Martin自己说的
as Martin himself says
他的妈妈尽可能好地照顾他。
His mother looked after him as much as she could.
和他妈妈的最近一次谈话
a recent conversation with his mother
改变某人的生活 change one’s life
画画 paint a picture
她过去恐高。
She used to be afraid high places.
你过去很矮，是不是？
You used to be short, didn’t you?
祝你学习进步，更上一层楼！(*^__^*)
E. 人教版九年级英语上册 语法
Unit 4一、知识点 1、①give sb sth=give sth to sb类似的词还有:pass、lend、show、write、send等②buy sb sth=buy sth for sb类似的词还有:make、draw、cook等2、hundred 、thousand、mi11ion与数字连用不能用复数。hundreds of、thousands of、mi11ions of中必须用复数。3What if …… 如果……将会怎么样？（引导条件状语从句、疑问句）eg What if she doesn’t come? 她要是不来怎么办？ What if your parent don’t agree? 如果你的父母不同意怎么办？What if you should fall sick? 如果你生病了怎么办？7、before 引导一个句子，为连词。后跟短语或名词等，则为介词。8、food 表示食品种类，一种食物时，为可数名词9、What does/do ×× look like? 问相貌。She is tall.What’s ×× like? 问“品质性格”。She is outgoing.12、 give a speech 做演讲 have a speech听演讲 give a report 做报告have a report 听报告13、permission (n.) 允许，许可 permit (v.) 允许Don’t read others’ diary without permission.14、plenty of 充足的，相当多的。修饰可数或不可数名词，只能用于肯定句。否定、疑问句中用 enough.15、not……in the slightest=not……at all 根本不16、company ①公司 ②一群人，一伙人 ③ 陪伴 I would like your company if you are free tonight.17、get along (with)=get on (with) ①进行，进展eg The business is getting along very well. 生意进展的很顺利。 How are you getting along with your English study? 你的英语学习进展的怎么样了？②相处 eg Do you get along with your boss?= Do you and your boss get along? 你跟老板合得来吗？I’m getting along very well with my classmates. 我和同学们相处得很好。18、would rather … than … （= would … rather than）宁愿，而不愿。前后连接两个动词原形，否定形式为：would rather not do sth①would rather … than … = prefer … to …但prefer … to … 若连接两个动词，动词应为v-ing 形式。eg He would rather jog than play football.=He prefers jogging to playing football. ②would rather 常单独使用，表示“宁愿做…”eg He would rather watch TV at home.③rather than = instead of 而不是连接两个并列成分，前后对称。eg I’d prefer to go to in summer rather than in winter. I decided to write rather than telephone. I like going out with you rather than with him. She enjoys listening rather than speaking.19、today、here、there、downstairs、upstairs、above、below做宾语修饰名词，放在名词之后eg the weather today今天的天气 people here这里的人们the man downstairs楼下的那个男的 the passage below 下面的这段话22、the rest 其余的，可指代可数或不可数名词。The other(s) 只能指代可数名词23、come up with 提出或提出（答案、方法）等。类似于think of.eg How would you come up with this idea? 你怎样想出这个注意的？My brother is a person who often comes up with good idea.我弟弟是个常常能想出好点子的人24、offer 提供 offer sb sth 给××…… offer to sb sth 主动提出干……二、短语1、give it to charity 把它捐给慈善机构 2、medical research 医学研究3、What if …… 如果…怎么样？ 4、get nervous 紧张5、take a big exam 参加大考 6、help with 有助于7、in public 在公共场合 8、hardly ever 几乎不9、the whole school 全校 10、without permission 为经许可11、be(make) friends with 与…交朋友 12、ask one’s permission 请求××的允许13、introce…to… 把…介绍给… 14、invite…to do… 邀请…干…15、social situations 社会环境 16、not… in the slightest 根本不，一点也不 17、right away 立刻，马上 18、all day 全天19、be friendly to 对…友好 20、at lunch time 在午饭时间21、a bit shy 有点害羞 22、English speech contest 英语演讲比赛23、represent the class 代表班级 24、come top 名列第一（前茅）25、let … down 使…失望 26、come up with 提出、想出27、be sure of + n./pron. 28、the rest of the students 其余的学生 be sure to do 相信… 29、have a lot of experience (in) doing sth be sure +that 从句 在做某事方面有经验30、deal with 对付，处理 31、come out 出版32、give advice on… 在…方面提出意见、建议 33、by accident 偶然地，无意之中34、hurry to do sth 匆匆忙忙干… 35、an internet friend 网友三、句子1、He doesn’t know if he should bring a present. 他不知道是否该带礼物。2、You shouldn’t worry about what other people say.你不应该考虑别人说什么。3、What will you do if you had a million dollars? 如果你有一百万美元，你会干什么？4、If I were you, I ‘d take a small present.如果我是你，我会带一个小礼物。5、I’m too tired to do well.我太累了，没考好。6、Dogs can be a lot of trouble.狗会带来很多麻烦。7、What are you like? 你是什么样的人？8、I’d invite him/her to have dinner at my house.我会邀请他（她）到我家吃饭。9、You enjoy the company of other people.你喜欢别人的陪伴。10、I feel nervous talking in front of many people.我在众人面前讲话时感到紧张。11、She always comes top in the school exams.她在学校的考试中总是名列前茅。12、She doesn’t want to let her friends down.她不愿让朋友失望。13、If I were you, I’ll get out of here.如果我是你，我会离开这里。祝你学习进步，更上一层楼！(*^__^*)
F. 初三英语上册语法
定语从句由关系代词who、whom、whose、which、what、as和关系副词where、when、why等引导，但须记住：
1.what不能引导定语从句.
2.关系词的分析须考虑它在定语从句中的成分。
一.指人的关系代词有who、whose、whom、that. 试分析：
The old man who/whom /that we visited yesterday is a famous artist.
Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing .
The man with whom my father shook hands just now is our headmaster. （=The man who/whom that my father shook hands with just now is our headmaster.）注：
A． 指人时有时只用who不宜用that。
1．先行词为one、ones或anyone
（1）The comrade I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works hard.
（2）Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.
2．先行词为these时
These who are going to Beijing are the best students of our school.
3．在there be 开头的句子中
There is a student who wants to see you.
4．一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个宜用who，以免重复。
The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hards.
5．在非限制性定语从句中
A。I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from Japan.
B．主句以who开头的句子中,只用that,不用who。
二．指物的关系代词有which、whose(=of which)、that. 试分析：
1. I like the books which / that were written by Lu Xun.
2. The desks (which/that) we made last year were very good.
3. This is the house in which we lived last year. (= This is the house which /that we lived in last year.)
4. I live in the room whose windows face south. (= I live in the room ,the windows of which face south.)
注：
A. 介词如果位于作为其宾语的关系代词之前时，只能用whom、 which不能用who或that.
(1). The girl about whom they were talking is our monitor.
(2). The book in which there are many interesting things was written by Li Ming.
B. 部分短语动词中的介词不可与动词拆开，在定语从句中其介词不可前置，只能放在其动词之后。
Is this the book which she is looking for?
The old man who/whom they are waiting for is Professor Li.
The child who/whom she is looking after is Wang Ping’s son.
C． 指物时，下列情况下只能用that ，不宜用which。
（1）先行词为不定代词，如All、much、anything、everything、nothing、something、none、the one等。
We are willing to do anything that is good to the people.
I have told them all (that) I know.
All that can be done has been done.
（2）先行词是序数词或被序数词、修饰时。
The first book that I read last night was an English novel.
（3）先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰时。
This is one of the most interesting films that I have ever seen.
This is the best that can be done now.
（4）如果有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时(先行词既有人又有物)，定语从句的关系代词用which和who都不合适，只能用that。
We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talking about.
There are sheep and men that can be seen on the hill.
（5）如果先行词被the only、the very、the last、the same、any、 few 、little、no、 all 、one of、 just修饰时。
This is the only book that can be lent to you.
（6）当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时，关系代词只用that。
Which is the dictionary that he used yesterday ?
D．只物时，下列情况下只能用which，不宜用that。
（1）关系代词放在介词之后
This is the factory in which we once worked.
（2）非限制性定语从句中
This is the book, which is written by Lu Xun.
（3）that，Those作主语时
Those which are on the desk are English books.
E．先行词前有such、the same、 as时, 关系代词用as，不用that, 但the same…as…表示同样的, the same…that…表示同一的
He knows as many people as are present at the meeting.
Such people as you refer to are rare nowadays.
三．比较When/which、where /which、why.
which I still never forget.
This is the day when I joined the party.
which he spent reading the books.
where I found the book.
which makes machines.
This is the place which we once visited.
which I will never forget.
which I am looking for.
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
All the students who study hard have passed.学习努力的学生都考试及格了。(只有努力的及格了，不努力的没及格。) All the students ,who study hard have passed.所有的学生都及格了，他们学习努力。（没有人不及格，这些学生都很努力。）
从句是先行词不可缺少的定语（如去掉，主句意思就不完整或不正确。） 从句是对先行词的附加说明（如去掉，主句意思仍清楚，不受影响。） 与主句关系密切，不用逗号 与主句关系不十分密切，用逗号与主句隔开译为汉语时，从句译在先行词前，与先行词用“的”连接 译为汉语时，从句放在主句后面关系代词that可以代替who、whom(指人)、which(指物) 关系代词不用that,只用who、whom(指人)、which(指物) 关系代词代替宾语时可以省略 关系代词不能省略关系代词as和which
先研究下面两个例句：
○1.This elephant is like a snake, as /which everybody can see. =As everybody can see, this elephant is like a snake. 任何人都看得出来，这头象像条蛇。
○2.Tom didn’t pass the physics exam, which made his parents very angry. Tom物理考试不及格，这使得他父亲很生气。
这两个例句中，as和which所代表的都是整个主句所表示的内容。但有两点不同之处：
1． 在形式上as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句的后面，也可位于主句的前面；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句的后面，不能位于主句的前面。
2． 在意义上，as引导的定语从句和主句的关系一般为一致关系，常译为“正如……”，“就像……”，而which引导的定语从句和主句的关系是因果关系，或which引导的定语从句是对主句的评论。因此，在意思通顺的情况下，which可代替as，而as许多时候不能代替which，如句○2。再如：
1．He was late again, as / which we had expected. =As we had expected, he was late again. 正如我们所料，他又迟到了。/他又迟到了这是我们早就料到的。
2． The street hasn’t been cleared for weeks, which makes it very dirty. 街道好多星期没有打扫了，因此整条街很脏。（不用as）
3．The young man cheated his friend of much money, which was disgraceful. 那年轻人诈骗了他朋友许多钱财，这是不光彩的。（不 用as）
4．He takes exercise everyday, which has done a lot of good to his health. 他每天运动，这对他的身体很有好处。（不用as）
5．As has already been pointed out, English is rather difficult for a foreigner. 正如已经指出的那样，英语对于初学者说，是相当难学的。在such…as…、the same…as…、 as…、 as many…/much as…等结构中,as不能用which代替。如：
1.Such books as this are too difficult for beginners. 这样的书对于初学的人来说是太难了。
=Books such as this are …
=Books like this are …
2.I live in the same building as he (does). 我和他住再同一座大楼里。
3.He knows as many people as are present at the meeting. 他认识所有到会的人。
4.That day we all got up early as usual. 那天我们和平时一样，都起得很早。
“One of the +复数名词”后面定语从句中谓语单复数情况
这一结构后面的定语从句的谓语动词通常用复数形式，跟定语从句所靠近的那个复数名词在数上保持一致。如：
1． That is one of the books that are required for study at school.
2． This is one of the most wonderful novels that have been published since 1990.
3． She is one of the few persons who know Spanish .
4． This is one of the most famous plays that were written in the thirties,
如果one of +复数名词这一结构前面带有the only、the very之类的限定语，后面定语从句的谓语动词则要用单数形式，这是因为定语从句在意义上修饰的是而不是那个复数名词。如：
1.He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.( 修饰the only one)
He is one of the teachers who know French in our school.( 修饰the teachers)
2.This is the only one of the rooms that is free now. (修饰the only one)
This is one of the rooms that are free now. (修饰rooms)
as与which引导的定语从句
两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。 As we all know, the earth is round.
2. 当与such或the same连用时，一般用as。 Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.
3. 当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用which。 She has married again, as was expected. She has married again, which was unexpected.
4. as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。
She has been late again, as was expected.
Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.
英语被动语态
一、概述
英语中有两种语态，主动和被动。
例如：Many people speak English. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。 所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子，而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子。 例如：He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句) The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句)
二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught
一般过去时：was／were＋taught
一般将来时：will／shall(be going to) be＋taught
现在进行时：am／is／are being＋taught
过去进行时：was/were being＋taught
现在完成时：have／has been＋taught
过去完成时：had been +taught
过去将来时：would(was/were going to) be+taught
三、被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如： Some more interesting novels were stolen last year. 一些新小说去年被写了。(没说小说是谁写的) This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。
(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如：the window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。
(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如： All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made
G. 新目标九年级英语上册第二单元重点句子语法 详细一点
新目标九年级英语重点句子、语法：
Unit 2
一、知识点
1. used to 过去常常做某事，暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态. 后跟动词原形. used to do sth.
There used to be ….（反意疑问句）didn’t there?
否定形式为: didn’t use to 或 usedn’t to
疑问形式为: Did…use to…? 或 Used…to…?
be/get used to doing sth.习惯于, to 为介词.
2. wear 表示状态. =be in +颜色的词；put on 表示动作.
dress + 人 给某人穿衣服dress sb. / oneself
get dressed, 穿好衣服
3. on the swim team on 是…的成员,.
7. miss: ① 思念, 想念 例: I really miss the old days.
② 错过, 未中, 未赶上, 未找到.
例: It’s a pity that you miss the bus. The boy shot at the goal, but missed.
9. right: ① adj. 正确的, 右边的 It’s not right to spit in public.
② n. 右方, 权利 Women now have the right to vote in Japan.
③ adv. 恰恰，正， The UFO landed right in front of me.
11. afford + n. /pron. afford + to do 常与can, be able to 连用.
例: Can you afford a new car? The film couldn’t afford to pay such large salaries.
12. as well as 连词, 不但…而且… 强调前者. (若引导主语, 谓动与前者在人称和数上一致。
例: Living things need air and light as well as water. 生命不仅需要水, 还需要空气和阳光.
I as well as they am ready to help you. 不仅是他们, 我也愿意帮助你.
13. alone = by oneself 独自一人. lonely 孤独的, 寂寞的.
14. in the last/past + 一段时间
ring the last/past + 一段时间 与现在完成时连用.
17. ①be/ become interested in sth. 对…感兴趣
②be interested in doing sth. 对做…感兴趣
③show great interest in 在……方面产生极大的兴趣
④a place of interest 一处名胜 some places of interest
如：He is interested in math, but he isn’t interested in speaking
English. 他对数学感兴趣，但是他对说英语不感兴趣。
19. on 副词，表示（电灯、电视、机械等）在运转中/打开，
其反义词off. with the light on 灯开着
25. take sb. to + 地方送/带某人去某个地方如：
A person took him to the hospital. 一个人把他送到了医院。
Lui took me home. 刘把我送回了家。(home 的前面不能用to)
36. as + 形容词./副词＋as sb. could/can 尽某人的…能力，如：
Zhou run as fast as her could/can. 她尽她最快的能力去跑。
37. get into trouble with 遇到麻烦
复合句与简单句的转化：
when ------ at the age of …
I could sing songs when I was five.
I could sing songes at the age of five.
so…that…----- too… to…. / enough to …
He was so young that he couldn’t go to school today.
He was too young to go to school.
He wasn’t old enough to go to school.
so that…------ in order to do sth.
Tom gets up early in the morning so that he can catch the early bus.
Tom gets up early in the morning in order to catch the early bus.
It seems / seemed that sb….------ sb. seems / seemed to do sth.
Sb. hopes / hoped that ….-------sb. hopes / hoped to do sth.
be afraid
be sure that +从句---- 动词不定式
be sorry
I am sure that he will win the badminton match tomorrow.
He is sure to win the badminton match tomorrow.
二、 短语
1. be more interested in 对…更感兴趣；2. on the swim team 游泳队的队员.
3. be terrified of 害怕；4. gym class 体操课；5. worry about. 担心；
6. all the time 一直, 总是；7. chat with 与…闲聊；8. hardly ever 几乎从不
9. walk to school = go to school on foot
take the bus to school = go to school by bus
10. as well as 不仅…而且；11. get into trouble 遇到麻烦；
12. make a decision 做出决定；13. to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是
14. take pride in 为…感到骄傲；15. pay attention to 留心, 注意
16. consist of 由…组成/构成. be made up of 由…组成/构成.
17. instead of 代替, 而不是；18. in the end 最后, 终于；19. play the piano 弹钢琴
三、句子
1.I used to be afraid of the dark. 我以前害怕黑暗.
2.I go to sleep with my bedroom light on. 我开着卧室的灯睡觉.
3.I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends. 以前我常常花很多时间和我的朋友们玩游戏.
4.I hardly ever have time for concerts. 我几乎没有时间去听音乐会.
5.My life has changed a lot in the last few years.
6.It will make you stressed out. 那会使你紧张的.
7.It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. 玉梅似乎变化很大。
H. 谁可以帮我归纳初三上学期的英语语法和句型啊。。急！是新课标的版本。。
1、并列句基本概念：
并列复合句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起；但有时不用连接词,只在两个简单句之间用一逗号或分号。
2、常见的并列句：
(1)用来连接两个并列概念的连接词有and,not only…but also…,neither…nor…等,and所连接的前后分句往往表示先后关系、递进关系。前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。
(2)表示在两者之间选择一个,常用的连接词有or,otherwise,or else,either…or…等,前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。
(3)表明两个概念彼此有矛盾、相反或者转折,常用的连接词有but,yet,still,however等,前后分句时态一致。
(4)说明原因,用连接词for,前后分句时态一致。
(5)表示结果,用连接词so,前后分句时态一致。
主从复合句
1、概念：
主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。如：While the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.(爷爷奶奶们很爱孩子,同时对他们也严格要求。)/It seemed as if the meeting would never end.(看起来会议没完没了。)/Hurry up,or(else) you'll be late.(快点,要不然就来不及了。)/However I cook eggs,the child still refuses to eat them.(不管我用什么方法煮鸡蛋,小孩还是不肯吃。)
2、分类：
从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句等。（参见以下各条）
3、各从句在句子中的位置以及用法：
(1)表语从句：在句子中作连系动词的表语的从句,它位于主句中的系动词之后。
例如：That is why he did not come to school yesterday. / It is because you are so clever.
(2)宾语从句：在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。
①基本形式：（主句＋）连词+从句主语+从句谓语+...
②关于宾语从句连词的选择：
若从句来源于一个陈述句,那么,连词用that,在口语中that可以省略;
若从句来源于一个一般疑问句,连词则用if或whether;
若从句来源于一个特殊疑问句,则连词就是疑问词(如what,who,where,when等)
例如：They believe that the computer will finally take the place of human beings.(他们相信计算机终将代替人类。)(从句本来就是陈述句) / I wonder whether I should say something for him to the headmaster.(我不知道是不是该为他在校长跟前说点什么。)(从句来源于一般问句 Shall I say something for him to the headmaster?) /He asked me where he could get such medicine.(他问我在哪儿能搞到那样的药。)(从句来源于特殊问句Where can he get such medicine?)
③宾语从句的时态问题：如果主句是现在时,从句则用现在某一时态,甚至可以用过去时；
如主句是过去时,从句则相应地使用过去某一时态,遇到客观真理时仍然用现在时。如：I think I will do better in English this term.(我想本学期我的英语会学得好点。)/The teacher asked the boy if the earth is round.(老师问那个男孩地球是不是圆的。)
④下列结构后面的从句一般也作为宾语从句看待：
Be sorry/afraid/sure/glad+that从句,如：I'm sorry I'm late.(对不起,我迟到了。)/I'm afraid he isn't in at the moment. (恐怕他此刻不在家。)
(3)状语从句：在复合句中作状语,其位置可以在主句前或主句后。状语从句可以分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、比较、让步、条件等几种。状语从句由从属连接词引导。
时间状语从句通常由when,as,while,after,before,since,assoonas,since,till(until),while,whenever等引导。时间状语从句一般放在句首或句尾,特别注意,时间状语从句不允许使用将来时,而应该用现在时替代。如：When you finish the work, you may go out to play with Sam.(你完成工作就可以出去和Jim一起玩了。)/I won't leave until Mum comes back.(妈妈回来了我才会走。)
地点状语从句通常由where,wherever等引导。如：Go back where you came from!(哪里来还滚到哪里去！)/I will never forget to catch the thief who stole my necklace wherever he may be.(我永远也不会忘记去抓住那个偷我项链的贼,无论他会在哪里。)
原因状语从句通常由because,since,as等引导,一般放在句首或句尾。如：He went abroad because his father had found a good university for him.(他出国了,因为他父亲给他找了一所好大学。)
目的状语从句通常由sothat...,so...hat...,inorderthat...等引导,往往放在句尾,从句中通常含有can/could/may/might等情态动词。如：He got up earlier so that he could catch the first train.(他起身更早为的是赶上第一班车。)
结果状语从句通常由sothat...,so...that...等引导,放在句尾。结果状语从句一般表示已经发生的事情,故多为过去时态。如：He lost so many bikes that he decided never to buy a new one.(他丢了那么多辆自行车,他决定再也不买新车了。)
比较状语从句通常由as,than,as(so)...as等引导,一般省略从句的谓语部分,只剩下名词或代词(用主格或宾格均可)。如：Jane is much taller than I/me.(Jane比我高多了。)/I don't have as many books as you (do).(我书没有你多)
让步状语从句通常由though(although),as,evenif(eventhough),however,whatever等引导。如：Evenifyoupaythedebt(债务)for me, I will not thank you because it has nothing to do with me.(即使你替我还了债我也不会感谢你,因为它与我毫无关系。)/He wears a T-shirt though it is very cold.(他穿了一件T恤衫,尽管天很冷。)
条件状语从句通常由if,unless,aslongas等引导,条件状语从句一般放在句首或句尾,特别注意,时间状语从句不允许使用将来时,而应该用现在时替代。You will certainly fail in the coming final exams unless you work much harder.(即将来到的期末考试你肯定考不及格,除非你更用功。)/If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we shall go hiking.(如果明天不下雨我们就要去徒步旅行。)
[注意]1、because与so；(al)though与but；if与so不可以同在一个句子中成对出现。
2、时间、条件、原因,让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号与主句隔开。
(4)定语从句：在复合句中作定语用修饰句子中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
①定语从句的位置：放在名词或代词的后面。如：The man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle.(手上抓了一把雨伞的人是我的叔叔。)
②语法术语的改变：被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词；引导定语从句的连接词称为关系词,其中that、which、who称为关系代词,where、when、how称为关系副词。
③关系代词或关系副词的作用：
关系代词who、whom和whose指人,分别在从句中作主语、宾语和定语。which指物that多指物,有时也指人,它们在从句中可以作主语或宾语。定语从句中关系代词作从句宾语时可以省略。This is the thief (that/who/whom) we have been looking for these days.(这个就是我们近日一直在找的小偷。) /Please find a room which is big enough for all of us to live in.(请找一间足够大能住下我们全体的房间。)
关系副词when或where引导定语从句时,它们在从句中分别作时间状语和地点状语。如：This is the room where they had a quarrel a week ago.(这是一个星期前他们吵架的房间。)/I can never forget the day when I first saw you.(我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。)
④限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句在句中不能省略,否则主句意思就不完整。非限制性定语从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开,这种从句是一种附加说明,如果从句子中省去,也不致于影响主句的意思。如：She spent the whole evening talking about her latest book, which none of us had heard of.(她一个晚上都在谈论她最近的书,我们一个人都没有听说过那本书。)
[注解]
1、关系代词只能用that的情况：
当先行词是指事物的不定代词(all,anything等),或先行词部分含有最高级,或含有序数词时,不能用其他的关系代词,只能用that.如：All that Lily told me seems untrue.(Lily告诉我的话似乎不真 实。) /Can you give me anything that has no sugar inside? (能不能给我点里面没有糖的东西？) /This is the first two-story bus that runs in our city.(这是第一辆运行于我市的双层公交车。)
2、关系代词在从句中作主语时一般用who(指人)、that(指物),而不用that指人或用which指物。
如：Do you know the woman who is weeping in the corner?(你认识那个在角落里哭泣的女人吗？)/Do not tell me any words that have nothing to do with me.(跟我无关的话,请一个字也不要说。)
3、关系代词作从句的宾语时,常用which或whom,较少使用that或who,而且,关系代词常常省略。
如：Tom's father was the first parent whom our teacher talked to. (Tom的父亲是我们老师第一个谈话的人。)
4、当关系代词紧跟在介词后面时,必须用which或whom,而当介词移到句尾时,则又可以使用that或who.
如：This is the room in which Miss Lionce lived. (=This is the room Miss Lionce lived in.) (这是李小姐曾经居住过的房间。)
(5)主语从句：在句子中充当句子主语的从句叫主语从句。位于谓语动词之前。通常由that,whether以及疑问连词引导。一般情况下,常用it替代主语从句,而将主语从句移到句尾。如：When we should start is still a question.(我们该在什么时候开始还是个问题呢。)
直接引语和间接引语
1、直接引语和间接引语：在陈述句中,直接引用说话人原来的语句,称为直接引语。在书写时,直接引语用引号。用自己的词语来转述表达原来说话人说的内容,称为间接引语。
2、直接引语改变为间接引语：
1、直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时应注意以下各点：
①不用引号,而用连接词that,但有时可省略。
②人称作相应变化；
③主句里的动词如果是过去时,间接引语中的时态一般应作相应改变：一般现在时变一般过去时；一般将来时变过去将来时；现在进行时变过去进行时；现在完成时变成过去完成时；一般过去时变成过去完成时；但一般过去时如与一个具体的过去时间连用,则时态不变。
如：He says,