A. 英语：情态动词都有哪些它们的意义和用法（主要是在虚拟语气中的用法）
[编辑本段]定义:
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与不带to的普通动词的不定式一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。
[编辑本段]分类：
情态动词有四类：
①只做情态动词：must,can(could),may(might),ought to
②可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need,dare
③可做情态动词又可做助动词：shall(should),will(would)
④具有情态动词特征：have(had) to,used to
[编辑本段]位置:
情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中, 情态动词则在主语之前。
I can see you. Come here.
我能看见你，过来吧。
He must have been away.
他一定走了。
What can I do for you?
你要什么？
How dare you treat us like that！
你怎能那样对待我们！
[编辑本段]特点:
情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去，现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词，故没有被动语态。
He could be here soon.
他很快就来。
We can't carry the heavy box.
我们搬不动那箱子。
I'm sorry I can't help you.
对不起，我帮不上你。
基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是，基本助动词本身没有词义，而情态助动词则有自己的词义，能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法，或表示主观设想：
What have you been doing since? （构成完成进行体，本身无词义）
I am afraid I must be going. （一定要）
You may have read some account of the matter. （或许已经）
除此之外，情态助动词还有如下词法和句法特征：
1） 除ought和used以外，其他情态动词后面只能接不带to的不定式。如果我们把ought to和used to看做是固定词组的话，那么，所有情态动词无一例外地只能接不带to的不定式：
We used to grow beautiful roses.
I asked if he would come and repair my television set.
2） 情态助动词在限定动词词组总是位居第一：
They need not have been punished so severely.
3） 情态助动词用于第三人称单数现在时的时候，没有词形变化，即其词尾无-s形式：
She dare not say what she thinks.
4） 情态动词没有非限定形式，即没有不定式和分词形式，也没有相应的动名词：
Still, she needn't have run away.
5） 情态助动词的“时”的形式并不是时间区别的主要标志。在不少场合，情态助动词的现在时和过去时形式都可以表示现在、过去或将来时间：
Would you mind very much if I ask you to do something?
She told him he ought not to have done it.
6） 情态助动词之间是相互排斥的，即在一个限定动词词组中只能出现一个情态助动词，但有时却可以与have和be基本助动词连用：
You should have washed the wound.
Well, you shouldn't be reading a novel.
[编辑本段]用法
首先它是动词，而且不同于行为动词，行为动词表示的是可以通过行为来表达的动作（如写，读，跑），而情态动词只是表达的一种想法（如能，也许，敢）。
用法是：情态动词+行为动词原形
例句：I can read this sentence in English.
我能用英语读这句话。
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。
We can be there on time tomorrow.我们明天能按时去那儿。
May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字吗？
Shall we begin now?我们现在就开始吗？
You must obey the school rules.你必须遵守校规。
情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有下列:
can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would),have (to) ,had better.
[编辑本段]功能
助动词(auxiliary)主要有两类：基本助动词(primary auxiliary)和情态助动词(modal auxiliary)。基本助动词有三个：do, have和be；情态助动词有十三个：may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to. 上述两类助动词的共同特征是，在协助主动词构成限定动词词组时，具有作用词的功能：
1） 构成否定式：
He didn't go and neither did she.
The meeting might not start until 5 o'clock.
2） 构成疑问式或附加疑问式：
Must you leave right now?
You have been learning French for 5 years, haven't you?
3） 构成修辞倒装：
Nowhere can he obtain any information about his sister.
Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.
4） 代替限定动词词组：
A: Who can solve this crossword puzzle?
B: Tom can.
A: Shall I write to him?
B: Yes, do.
B. 英语语法：I could have fooled you.情态动词+完成时形成虚拟语气用法，本来可以作但没做，但今天人说
could have 是表示 过去可能 talk about possibility 就是might have 的意思 could have 肯定程度更高而已 另外 一个意思是表示 过去可以，版talk about capability 那什么做了又没做的说法 不是要你看权到底做了没再去推测 而是你肯定没做 你才会推测有可能 你只要想是推测过去 就直接用 would have could have 就是让你想象和推测过去用的 你管他到底做了没做 只要你不知道做了没，是在想象 就用
C. 关于常见类的虚拟语气与情态动词的英语单选请辨析
1、 If you had listened to me earlier,you ___ sorry now.
B. wouldn't be错综虚拟 从句与过去相反 主句与现在相反
2、I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese,and I said"Ni hao" just as I ____ do in China.
B. might 表示可能性
3、___ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
B. Should you be从句 与将来情况可能相反 万一。主句是真实句
4、Our holidays were ruined by the weather, so ____ have stayed at home!
A. it was just as well as we B.we might just as well as we
感觉 都不对
答案应该是we might just as well
5、I ____ thank you too much, because without your help my son ____ admitted to his dream university. A.can't; wouldn't have been 前句是真实句
D. 求高人！高中英语，情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法，详细点
一、条件状语从句
1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：
从句：If 主语+过去时(Be动词用were)
主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do
eg：
If I were you,I would take an umbrella.
2、表示与过去事实相反的情况
从句：If 主语+had+done
主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have done
eg：
If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。
3、表示对将来情况的主观推测
从句：①if+主语+were to do 主句：①主语+should/would/could/might+do
②if+主语+did/were ②主语+should/would/could/might+do
③if+主语+should+do ③主语+should/would/could/might+do
eg：
1．If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.
4、 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were,should,had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。
eg：
Should he agree to go there,we would send him there.
二、wish 后宾语从句
a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式
eg. I wish I had your brains.
我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实：我根本比不上你)
b、表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+done
eg:.I wish I had known the truth of the matter.
我希望我那时就知道这件事情的真相。（事实：那时还不知道）
c、表示将来难以实现的愿望
谓语动词：should/would（情态动词） + 动词原形
eg. I wish I should have a chance again.
我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。（事实：很难再有这样的机会了）
(注：if only引导的感叹句和as if/as though引导的状语从句也有相同用法）
三、目的状语从句
1、在for fear that,in case,lest引导的从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为：should + do。并且 should能省略
She examined the door again for fear that a thief (should) come in.
她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。
2、在so that,in order that所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：can / could / may / might / will / would / should + do。
He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚。
其他用法：
1、一想要(desire一宁愿(prefer)一坚持（insist）二命令(order. command)三建议(advise. suggest. propose/recommend)四要求(demand. require. request. ask)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用："should + do"。should可以省略。eg：
He suggestedthat we (should) take the teacher's advice.
He insisted that we (should) take the teacher's advice.
He demand that we (should) take the teacher's advice.
He ordered that we (should) take the teacher's advice.
insist意为“坚持某种动作”才用虚拟语气；意为“坚持某种观点，某个事实”则不用虚拟语气。
eg：
He insists he is a student.
他坚持说他是个学生。
这个语句表示的是事实，因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。
suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气，意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。
eg：
His face suggests that he looks worried .
他的表情暗含着他很担心。
2、表情绪.观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气.如：necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange、surprising、funny、right、wrong、better、a pity ,the shame ,no wander等。
句型：It is.......that +主语从句，从句的谓语动词都要用should+原型 或只用动词原型。
eg:
Do you think it is necessary that he (should)not be sent to Lingbao.
3、 在even if,even though 所引导的让步状语从句中用may/might+动词原形，may/might可以省略，表示与现在相反的情况；从句用过去完成时，表示与过去相反的情况，类似的词有though/even though/whatever/however/so long as; 主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。
eg：
Even if he were here himself,he should not know what to do.
即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。（事实：他没来）
4、 在whatever，whichever，whenever，whoever,wherever，however,no matter wh-等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为：
指现在或将来：may +do。
eg：
We will finish it on time no matter what may happen.
不管发生什么事，我们都要按时完成。
5、一般would rather,had rather,would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：
过去 had + done
现在 过去时(be 用were )
将来 过去时(be 用were ) （would rather将来情况用一般过去时）
eg：
I'd rather you had seen the film yesterday.
我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。
6、虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中，表示：“早该做某事了”时，定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：It is (high / about) time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + do（优先使用动词过去式），即从句用虚拟过去式。
It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.
我该去学校接我的女儿了。
E. 如果他告诉我这件事,我会陪他一起去用英语翻译中的情态动词或虚拟语气怎么说,提示词tell
用情态来动词表源达：If he has told me this thing,I could go with him.
用虚拟语气表达：If he has told me this thing,I should go with him.
F. 几道英语时态，语态，虚拟语气，情态动词的高中题
1
Years
ago,we
did
not
know
this,but
recent
science
___
that
people
who
don't
sleep
well
soon
get
ill.
A
showed
B
has
showed
C
will
show
D
is
showing
答案是B,为什么不是A？
看到横线后面的句子吗，是一般现在时。而且主语是recent
science
近来的科学。
2.
The
year
2002
___
remarkable
changes
in
shanghai's
landscape.
A
sees
B
has
seen
C
saw
Dhad
seen
答案是C,请解释并翻译一下。
主语是The
year
2002
所以用过去式。
3.
I
would
have
finished
the
work
more
quickly,but
I
____
that
you
were
waiting.
A.
hadn't
known
B.
wouldn't
known
C.
haven't
known
D.
don't
known
答案是A,Why?
意思是我本能够更快一些完成工作，但是我不知道你在等我。你在等用的是过去式，我不知道这个动作发生在你在等之前。
4.
Because
the
shop
___
,
all
the
T-shirts
are
sold
at
half
price.
A
.
has
closed
down
B.
closed
down
C
is
closing
down
D.
had
closed
down
答案是C，为什么呢？
所有的T恤现在被以半价卖掉，所以这个商店快要倒闭了。
5.
The
dission
_____
alive
when
an
interesting
topic
was
brought
in.
A
was
coming
B.
had
come
C
has
come
D.
came
答案是D,问什么A
不对。
时间状语用的是过去式，所以前后时态一致。
6.Now
that
she
is
out
of
job,Lucky
___
going
back
to
school,but
she
hasn't
decided
yet.
A
.
had
considersd
B.
has
been
considering
C.considersd
D.is
going
to
considER
答案是B.
C
哪错了？
最后半句说她还没决定，所以说她一直在考虑。现在完成进行时表示从过去的某一点发生，现在还在进行的动作。
7——What
are
you
going
to
do
this
afternoon?
——I'm
going
to
the
cinema
with
som
friends.
The
film
___
quite
early,
so
we
_____
to
the
bookstore
after
that.
A.
finished
;
are
going
B.
finished;
go
C.finishes;
are
going
D.
finishes;
go
答案是C,
第二空“so
we
are
going
to
the
bookstore”
我觉得应该是"so
we
are
going
to
go
to
the
bookstore".对不？
道理上对，但是和前面的重复了，为了避免重复，所以省掉了。依然表示将要去。
8.
Under
more
favorable
conditions,we
_____
better.
A.
could
be
done
B.
could
have
done
C.
should
do
D.
needn't
have
done
答案是B,
我选了C。
因为有more，所以用虚拟语气。如果没有more，用C可以。
G. 英语句子情态动词虚拟语气
1- It can't have been him
- It must have been Mr.Li
2 第二题不清楚，专看不属清
3 - He might have been ill
4 It could't have rained last night
5 He would have arrived there
6 We meant to have.
7 You should / ought to have invited me to the evening party
8 If you insist on thinking what you have done is right,
9 Had it not been for his help, it would't have been possible for us to make it so easily
10 How I wish we had taken the measure that Mr. Brown recommended to us !
H. 高分请教英语语法问题！（情态动词、虚拟语气）时间紧急~回答得好再加分！
动词的语气——虚拟语气(The Subjunctive Mood)
一、语气的定义和种类
l、语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2、语气的种类：
(1)陈述语气: 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：We are not ready. 我们没准备好。What a fine day it is!多好的天气啊!
(2)祈使语气: 表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。如: Open the door, please。请打开门。
(3)虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如: If I were you, I should study English. 如果我是你，我就学英语了。May you succeed! 祝您成功！
二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法
条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。如: If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。
如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如: If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。(事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。)
在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下:
与现在事实相反: 从句: 动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were）
主句:would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形
与过去事实相反 : 从句 :had + 过去分词
主句 :would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词
与将来事实相反 : 从句:动词过去式，should + 动词原形，were to + 动词原形
主句 : would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形
注: 主句中的should只用于I、we，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should可用于各种人称。
l、表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如: If my brother were here, everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在这儿 ，一切都没问题了。
2、表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如: If you had taken my advice，you wouldn't (couldn’t) have failed in the exam. 如果你按照我的建议去做，你一定不会(不可能)考试不及格。
3、表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。如: If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should (would，could，might) go to see my grandmother. 如果明天是星期天，我就 (可能)去看望我奶 奶。If it were to snow this evening, they would not go out. 如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。
4、有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致（表示错综时间的虚拟语气），这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。例如: If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. 如果你当初听了医生的话，身体现在就好了。(从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在)
5、虚拟条件句可以转换成下列形式:
(l)省略连词if。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had 或 should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。例如: Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up. 他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it. 我要是你，就不做这事。
(2)用介词短语代替条件状语从句。有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语来表示。如: Without air (If there were not air), there would be no living things. 如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了。But for your help (If it hadn’t been for your help) I couldn’t have done it. 要是没有你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。
假设的情况有时可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来。如: I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them. (If I hadn’t been busy that day, I would have gone there with them.) 我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一起去那儿了。(如果我那天不忙的话，我就……)；I would have finished the work, but I have been ill. (If I hadn’t been ill, I would have finished the work.) 我本来该完成这项工作的，但我生病了。(如果我没生病的话，我就会完成……)
6、省去条件从句或主句：表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知。
(1)省去条件从句。如: You could have washed your clothes yourself. 你本可以自已洗衣服的。省去了"If you had wanted to")(事实是:你自己没洗衣服，因为你不想洗。)
(2)省去主句(常用以表示愿望)。如: If my grandmother were with me! 如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊!(事实是:祖母已不在世。)；If only she had not left! 如果她没走就好了!(事实是:她已经走了。)
三、虚拟语气的其他用法
l、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法：在"It is important (strange，natural，necessary)that…"这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用 “should+动词原形”结构，表示某事是"重要"、"奇怪"、"自然"、"必要"等意义。如: It is important that every member (should) inform himself of these rules. 重要的是每个成员知道这些规则。
2、虚拟语气在宾语从句中用法：
(1)在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词that。1)表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be动词一般用were)。如: I wish I knew the answer to the question. 我希望知道这个问题的答案。(可惜不知道)；2）表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用"had+过去分词"。如: I wish (wished) I hadn’t spent so much money. 我后悔不该花那么多钱。(实际上已经花掉)；3)表示对将来的主观愿望:谓语动词形式为"would+动词原形"。此时要注意，主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同，因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿(非动物名词除外)。如: I wish it would stop raining. 但愿雨能停止；I wish you would come soon. 但愿你立刻来。
(2)在suggest，demand，order，propose，insist，command，request，desire等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，表示建议、要求、命令等。如: I demand that he (should) answer me immediately. 我要求他立刻答复我。
3、虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法
(1)在带有even if/ even though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。如: Even if he had been ill, he would have gone to his office. 即使生了病，他都去办公室。
(2)由as if或as though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或 “had+过去分词”。如: He treated me as if I were a stranger. 他那样对待我，好像我是陌
生人似的。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. 她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。
注:如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。
(3)在in order that或so that引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用 “could或might（有时也用should）+ 动词原形”。如: Mr green spoke slowly so that his students could (might) hear clearly. 格林先生说得很慢，好让学生听清楚。
4、虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法：在"It is time (that) …"句型中，定语从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气表示将来，动词形式一般用过去式，意思是"该干某事的时候了"。如: It’s (high) time we did our homework. 我们该做作业了。
5、虚拟语气在简单句中的用法
(1)情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌，或委婉的语气，常见于日常会话中。如: It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好别太晚睡觉。
(2)在一些习惯表达中。如: I would rather not tell you. 我宁愿不告诉你。
(3)用“may + 动词原形”表示"祝愿"、"但愿”，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。如：May you be happy!祝你快乐！May good luck be yours.祝你顺利。
I. 英语虚拟语气宾语从句中的情态动词
其实大部分都可以用should 有些特殊的可以根据中文 像wish是希望愿望 那就是如果我怎么样就 能够 怎么样 而不是should的意思 应该