英语中容易弄混淆的语法

A. 最容易混淆的英语语法问题。（请简略注明答题原因）

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B. 高中英语的语法点有哪些比较容易混淆

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C. 英语容易混淆的词总结

1. come & be here

[误] He has come here for three hours.

[正] He came here three hours ago.

[正] He has been here for three hours.

come是瞬间动词，不是延续性动词，在肯定句中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。而要与表示一段时间的状语连用，就要用延续动词。

与此同类的还有borrow/lend-keep; join-be in/at; die-be dead; buy-have; leave-be away,etc.

2. cost & take & spend & pay

[误] I cost a lot of time to read stories.

[正] It cost me a lot of time to read stories.

[正] I spent a lot of time reading stories.

cost除了钱的花费以外，还能表示时间上的花费，但常用物做主语。spend句子主语是人，可指花费时间和金钱，但后面的动词要用-ing形式，后面也可跟名词短语，介词用on。pay句子主语是人，常与for连用，buy也常与for连用，但花费“钱”要放在介词for后面，而pay则放在介词for前面。

3. join & take part in

[误] He joined the League for two years.

[正] He joined the League two years ago.

[正] He has been in the League for two years.

[正] He has been a League member for two years.

join指“参加”组织，成为一个成员，join sb.意思是“加入某人”，take part in指参加活动特别是大的运动；如指“参加…多长时间”就要用延续动词be in或be a …member，而不能用join。

4. borrow & lend & keep

[误] She has lent me the book for a week.

[正] She lent me the book a week ago.

[正] It’s a week since she lent me the book.

borrow和lend是短暂性动词，在肯定句里不和表示一段时间的状语连用，keep延续动词，可与表示一段时间的状语连用。

borrow意思是“借(进)”，后面跟介词from，lend意思是“借(出)”，后面跟介词to，lend也可用于某些成语中，如lend sb. a hand。

5. lie & lay & lain

[误] She laid down the book and laid in bed.

[正] She laid down the book and lay in bed.

lie有两个意思，一个是“说谎”，过去式和过去分词是在词尾加-d；另一个是“躺，卧；位于”，是不规则动词，其过去式和过去分词是lay、lain，现在分词是lying。

lay意思是“放；孵(蛋)”，其过去式和过去分词是laid、laid。

6. be made in & be made of & be made from & be made up of

[误] The table is made from wood.

[正] The table is made of wood.

be made in意思是“由……生产”，强调产地；be made of意思是“用……制成”，强调从成品上能看出原料，制成物没改变原料的本质；be made from意思也是“用……制成”，强调从制成物上看不出原料，制成物已改变原料的本质；be made up of意思是“由……构成或组成”，指人或物都可，指结构成分。

7. stop to do & stop doing

[误] He was too tired, so he stopped having a rest.

[正] He was too tired, so he stopped to have a rest.

[误] Look! The teacher is coming. We must stop to talk.

[正] Look! The teacher is coming. We must stop talking.

stop to do意思是“停下(正做的事)(开始)去做(别的某事)”，带to的不定式在句子中作目的状语；stop doing意思“停止做某事(不做了)”，带-ing形式的动名词在句子中作宾语。

一、容易混淆的动词：

[考试说明] 了解及物动词和不及物动词用法；掌握动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、状语以及疑问词连用构成不定式短语的基本用法；理解动词不定式作主语和定语的用法；初步掌握延续性动词和瞬间动词在用法上的区别等。

1. come & be here

[误] He has come here for three hours.

[正] He came here three hours ago.

[正] He has been here for three hours.

come是瞬间动词，不是延续性动词，在肯定句中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。而要与表示一段时间的状语连用，就要用延续动词。

与此同类的还有borrow/lend-keep; join-be in/at; die-be dead; buy-have; leave-be away,etc.

2. cost & take & spend & pay

[误] I cost a lot of time to read stories.

[正] It cost me a lot of time to read stories.

[正] I spent a lot of time reading stories.

cost除了钱的花费以外，还能表示时间上的花费，但常用物做主语。spend句子主语是人，可指花费时间和金钱，但后面的动词要用-ing形式，后面也可跟名词短语，介词用on。pay句子主语是人，常与for连用，buy也常与for连用，但花费“钱”要放在介词for后面，而pay则放在介词for前面。

3. join & take part in

[误] He joined the League for two years.

[正] He joined the League two years ago.

[正] He has been in the League for two years.

[正] He has been a League member for two years.

join指“参加”组织，成为一个成员，join sb.意思是“加入某人”，take part in指参加活动特别是大的运动；如指“参加…多长时间”就要用延续动词be in或be a …member，而不能用join。

4. borrow & lend & keep

[误] She has lent me the book for a week.

[正] She lent me the book a week ago.

[正] It’s a week since she lent me the book.

borrow和lend是短暂性动词，在肯定句里不和表示一段时间的状语连用，keep延续动词，可与表示一段时间的状语连用。

borrow意思是“借(进)”，后面跟介词from，lend意思是“借(出)”，后面跟介词to，lend也可用于某些成语中，如lend sb. a hand。

5. lie & lay & lain

[误] She laid down the book and laid in bed.

[正] She laid down the book and lay in bed.

lie有两个意思，一个是“说谎”，过去式和过去分词是在词尾加-d；另一个是“躺，卧；位于”，是不规则动词，其过去式和过去分词是lay、lain，现在分词是lying。

lay意思是“放；孵(蛋)”，其过去式和过去分词是laid、laid。

6. be made in & be made of & be made from & be made up of

[误] The table is made from wood.

[正] The table is made of wood.

be made in意思是“由……生产”，强调产地；be made of意思是“用……制成”，强调从成品上能看出原料，制成物没改变原料的本质；be made from意思也是“用……制成”，强调从制成物上看不出原料，制成物已改变原料的本质；be made up of意思是“由……构成或组成”，指人或物都可，指结构成分。

7. stop to do & stop doing

[误] He was too tired, so he stopped having a rest.

[正] He was too tired, so he stopped to have a rest.

[误] Look! The teacher is coming. We must stop to talk.

[正] Look! The teacher is coming. We must stop talking.

stop to do意思是“停下(正做的事)(开始)去做(别的某事)”，带to的不定式在句子中作目的状语；stop doing意思“停止做某事(不做了)”，带-ing形式的动名词在句子中作宾语。二、容易混淆的名词：

[考试说明] 了解名词在句中所充当的成分，理解并能区别所学的可数名词和不可数名词；熟练掌握所学可数名词复数形式的构成，在口语和书面语的表达中正确运用；掌握物质名词及其数量的表达方法；了解专有名词的概念及一般用法；熟练掌握所学名词所有格的用法；了解集合名词和抽象名词的概念及一般用法。

1. job & work

[误] I’m busy today, for I have a lot of jobs to do.

[正] I’m busy today, for I have a lot of work to do.

job意思是a piece of work，指已做或要做、应做的具体的某种工作，实际含义是“职业”，而work通常指抽象意义上的工作，是不可数名词，也可指“工作场所”。

2. by train & change trains

[误] We came here by the train.

[正] We came here by train.

[正] We came here on/in the train.

[误] We have to change the train at the next station.

[正] We have to change trains at the next station.

train意思是“火车”，表示“乘火车”，用by train或on/ the train，表示“换火车”，train必须用复数形式，且前面不加限定词。
三、容易混淆的形容词：

[考试说明] 熟练掌握形容词作定语、表语及宾语补足语的用法；熟练掌握表示时间、地点、方式、程度、原因等疑问副词的用法；熟练掌握形容词、副词比较等级的构成和 good、well、many、much等不规则变化；掌握little、far、ill、bad、badly等不规则变化；能熟练运用下列句型表示两者 (人或事物)和三者或三者以上(人或事物)的比较；初步掌握用much、little等副词在用法上的区别。

1. any & some

[误] Have you got some money with you?

[正] Have you got any money with you?

[误] Would you like any milk?

[正] Would you like some milk?

any和some意思是“一些”，用作定语，可修饰可数名词和不可数名词。any多用于否定句和疑问句，some多用于肯定句。

但如果说话人表示“请求，提议”或“希望得到肯定回答”的意义时，some也可用在疑问句中；some还可用于单数名词前，表示未知或说话人不想特别说明的人、地、物等，意思是“某一，某个”。

如果表示“任何，无论哪个”时，any可用在肯定句中。

2. either & each & both & neither & every

[误] There are many flowers on either side of the street.

[误] There are many flowers on neither side of the street.

[误] There are many flowers on each sides of the street.

[正] There are many flowers on both sides of the street.

[正] There are many flowers on each side of the street.

[误] Every student has not finished their homework.

[正] No student has finished their homework.

either意思是“两者之一的”，each意思是“任意一个的”，neither意思是“两者都不的”，every强调整体，意思是“个个”。

3. few/little & a few /a little

[误] Sorry, I have few money on me.

[正] Sorry, I have little money on me.

[误] Her books are few.

[正] She has few books.

[误] The work needs a few number of workers.

[正] The work needs a small number of workers.

[正] The work needs a few workers.

few后跟可数名词复数，little后跟不可数名词，都表示“几乎没有”的否定性意思；a few和a little区别也在于前者跟可数名词，后者跟不可数名词，都表示“有几个”的肯定性意思。

4. no & not

no意思是“没有”，可以否定一切名词，修饰不可数名词和可数名词的复数时等于not any，修饰可数名词单数时等于not a/an；如果被修饰的名词通常情况下只有一个，则用它的单数形式；不能用a、the、all、every等限制词之前，而not可以。

not意思是“不，不是”，可以否定一切动词，修饰动词。

no more than意思是“不过，仅仅”，相当于only，修饰“数量”词，强调“少”的含义；not more than意思是“至多，不多于，不超过”，用于陈述事实；no more…than和not more…than多用于多音节形容词的比较级。

5. already & yet & still

[误] When we arrived at the airport, the plane had taken off yet.

[正] When we arrived at the airport, the plane had taken off already.

[正] When we arrived at the airport, the plane had already taken off.

already意思是“已经”，一般用于肯定句，常与完成时连用，常用于句中；yet意思是“已经，还”，一般用于否定句和疑问句，常用于句末；still意思是“仍然，还是”，强调动作在进行，主要用于肯定句，常用于句中。

6. also & too & either & so & neither & nor

[误] My parents didn’t like swimming, nor did his.

[正] My parents didn’t like swimming, neither did his.

also用于肯定句，一般放在行为动词之前、助动词、情态动词、系动词之后，too一般用于肯定句末，前面常用逗号；either一般用于否定句末，前面也用逗号；so置于句首，引起句子倒装，表示前面所讲的情况也适用于另一个人或物，具有否定的意思；so后的主语与前一句主语是同一个人或物时，后面的主谓不倒装，表示“确实如此”；neither置于句首，引起句子倒装，表示前面所讲的情况不适用于另一个人或物，具有否定的意思；nor常与 not连用，表示“也不”，neither和nor都可用来对前面的否定陈述加以补充，如果补充的成分否定的不是同一事物，同一内容，就只能用nor，不可用neither；当否定的并列分句有两个以上时，只能用nor，因为neither只能指两者中的一个，nor指三个以上的另一个。

7. sometimes & sometime & some time & some times

[误] You can only keep the book for sometime.

[正] You can only keep the book for some time.

sometimes是频度副词，意思是“有时，不时”，常与一般现在时或一般过去时连用；sometime是副词，意思是“在某个不确定的时间，在某个时候，某时”，可与将来时或过去时连用；some time是名词词组，意思是“一段时间”，做时间状语，也可用作副词词组，用来指一个未肯定的时刻，常指将来，此时可与sometime通用；some times是名词词组，意思是“几次，几倍”。
四、容易混淆的介词：

[考试说明] 熟练掌握介词in、on、at、to、from、by、with、for、about、before的常见用法；理解这11个介词的其他用法及所学其他介词的一般用法。

1. above & over; below & under

[误] Our classroom is over theirs.

[正] Our classroom is above theirs.

[误] The plane flew above the bridge.

[正] The plane flew over the bridge.

[误] The lights hung above the desk.

[正] The lights hung over the desk.

above、over都表示“在…上面”，且都表示表面不接触的上方，但over指垂直在上，而above则表示位置较高，不一定是正上方。

below、under都表示“在…下面”，below指位置低于某物或在某物的下方，但不一定在某物的正下方，其反义词是above，而under指在某物的正下方，有垂直在下的意思，其反义词是over。

2. by & on & over & through

[误] They’re talking on the radio.

[正] They’re talking by radio.

“通过无线电交谈”习惯上说talk by radio，名词前不加冠词。

“通过收音机听到”习惯上说hear sth. on/over/through the radio，名词前加冠词。

“通过电视看到”习惯上说watch sth. on TV。

“通过电话交谈”习惯上说talk with sb. on/over the telephone。

“通过人造卫星收发电视节目”习惯上说through man-made satellites。

3. in & on & to

[误] Tian wan is to the east of China.

[误] Tian wan is on the east of China.

[正] Tian wan is in the east of China.

表示方位“在……(东西南北)边)时，介词in、on、to有不同的用法。以“在……东部”为例，表示在该地范围之内，用in the east of，表示在该地与某地“相邻”，有接壤之意，用on the east of，表示不在该地范围，且有中间物，用to the east of。

4. in the end & at the end of & by the end of & at last

都有“最后”的意思，但in the end表示“结果，末了”，与at last是同义词组，at the end of表示“在……末端，尽头”，后面要接名词短语，by the end of表示“在……结束时，末了为止”，后面接时间短语。

5. to & for & toward(s)

[误] He is leaving to HongKong next month.

[正] He is leaving for HongKong next month.

to，toward(s)作静态介词，表示静态位置时，均表示“朝……”或“向……”，一般两者可通用，towards指时间“将近”，意思是 nearly；to则表示一段时间的终点，“差……到”的意思；for常用在leave、start等后面，表示要去的目的地，不可用to。
五、容易混淆的连词：

[考试说明] 掌握并列连词(如：and、but、or)和从属连词(如：when、if、that等)的基本用法。

1. because & since & as & for

[误] Because he was ill, so he didn’t go to school today.

[正] Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school today.

[正] He didn’t go to school today because he was ill.

because通常表示说话人认为这种理由或原因是正式的理由。在含because的句子中，全句强调的重点在原因上，不在主句的结果上。因此，回答why提出的问题时，只能用because，不能用since、as或for。because of后面只能跟短语，不能跟从句。

since表示的原因，指人们已知的事实，常译为“既然”，引导的从句只是一种附带的说明原因，不是对原因的强调。because与since不能与so连用。

as表示原因与since差别不大，只是语气更弱，是显而易见的理由。

for表示因果关系时，可与because替换使用，所不同的只是它只能放在主句之后，不能放在句首。在含for的句子里，for从句有时只是对主句补充说明理由或推断原因，与前一分句不存在因果关系。

2.either…or… & neither…nor… & not only…but also… & both…and…

[误] Either he or I are right.

[正] Either he or I am right.

前三个连词连接名词、代词等作主语时，谓语动词要与离其最近的主语的单复数一致，both…and…的谓语动词则要用复数。

六、容易混淆的代词：

[考试说明] 熟练掌握人称代词主格、宾格形式及基本用法，在口语和书面语的表达中正确运用；掌握形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的基本用法；掌握反身代词作为宾语和同位语的基本用法；熟练掌握指示代词和疑问代词的基本用法。

1. either & each & none & neither & both & all & some

[误] Either of the books are good.

[正] Either of the books is good.

either/ each / none / neither of+复数名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数， 其中neither的也可用复数；both/ all /some of+复数名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数

D. 英语的语法很容易搞混，该怎样学

怎样学好英语语法呢？主要有以下四个方面：

（）练好基本句型。

我国近年来的英语教学实践证明：在初学阶段，采用听说领先、学习基本句型的方法去学习英语语法，是行之有效的。

句型学习是通过听说领先的方法去学习传统语法里最常用的语法项目（把它们变为句型去操练）。句型训练实际上吸取了传统语法与结构语法两派的长处。目前国内的英语广播（电视）教学，在入门阶段，多采用句型教学法。因此自学者或者收听广播（收看电视）进行学习，或者根据所选用的课本提供的句型用替换词进行替换练习。所学的句型应该是由浅入深，由简到繁；讲求熟练掌握，不要贪多冒进。每学一个项目，首先要把单项练习练熟，然后过渡到综合练习，最后则应做到扩大运用。

以定语从句这一项为例。把"I read a novel yesterday．和"It was extremely Interesting．"这两个单句改为"The novel I read yesterday was extremely interesting．"这就是定语从句的单项练习。首先要反复进行替换练习。如把"I saw a man this morning．"和"The man is my teacher．"改为"The man I saw this morning is my teacher．"把"I saw a film last night．"和"The film was very amusing．"改为"The film I saw last night was very amusing．"这种练习虽然是枯燥的，却是重要的基本功，务求把定语从句练到脱口而出的地步。这是第一步。

第二步是把定语从句放在一定的语言情景中去综合运用，进行一问一答。如：

A：Did you enjoy the opera？
B：Which opera？
A：The one we saw last night，of course．
B：Yes，very much．

第三步是扩大运用，也就是把定语从句和以前学过的两三个项目放在一起去操练。

A：Do you know who Edgar Snow was？（一般问句；名词从句）
B：Yes，he was an American writer who interviewed Chairman Mao in Beijing．（定语从句）
A：Oh，now I remember．He was the author who wrote"Red Star Over China"，wasn't he？（定语从句；反意疑问句）
B：Exactly．

这种回答不但练了定语从句，而且复习了一般问句和反意问句，也给名词从句的学习打了"埋伏"。进行句型操练，既需要"滚雪球"（复习已学的项目），也需要"打埋伏"（预先练一下将来要学习的项目）。

在句型学习阶段必须注意：在听、说领先的前提下，写、读要跟上，力求听、说、写、读四会均衡发展。因此，时间上要作出合理的安排。早上通常可安排为朗读时间。如果能每日坚持下去，收效一定很大。

（2）结合课文去学。

吕叔湘先生说过："与其多读语法书，不如多读文章。"又说："词语要嵌在上下文里才有生命，才容易记住，才知道用法。"（引自《中国人学英语》）课文是学习英语的"重要基地"。课文里有语音、词汇项目，也有各类语法项目。它们有机地结合在课文里。课文中出现的语法项目，是有血有肉的，不是干巴巴的。通过课文去学语法，可以学得活，记得牢，这比孤零零地背诵语法条目要有效得多。因此，在句型学习结束后，宜结合课文去学语法，要围绕课文中出现的主要语法项目，循序渐进地学习比较系统的语法知识。

哪些项目是课文里的主要语法项目？通常教科书的编者都明确指出了每一课的主要语法项目。要弄清这些项目的基本概念，掌握它们的公式与用途，尤其要认真地做好有关练习。

（3）对比英语和本族语的语法。

英语和汉语属于不同的语系，二者的语法区别很大。英语学习中出现的许多错误，往往是由于汉语语法习惯在自学者的头脑中已经根深蒂固，对英语语法的学习产生了种种干扰。要排除这种干扰，最好的方法是经常对比英语与汉语语法的异同。现举数例：

人家问你："Haven't you read this book？"（你没有读过这本书吗？）如果回答是否定的，依照汉语的习惯，回答通常是："是的，我没有读过。"但说英语时，你就得说：" No，I haven't．"

汉语说"一万"，英语却说"十个千（ten thousand）"；汉语说"两亿"，英语则说："二百个百万（two hundred million）"。两种语言关于数目的表达是大不相同的。

英语说："She is too tired to run on．"译成汉语却说："她太累了，不能再跑了。"这中间要加上"不能"这个否定词。

我们只有掌握了这些区别，才有可能把语法学到手。可见在语法学习中，自觉地运用语法是很重要的。

（4）进行大量的语言实践。

英语语法学得好不好，主要不是看你读了多少语法书，记了多少条语法规则，而是要看你在实践中能否正确掌握所学的这些语法规则——能听懂，说得好，写得好，理解得好，译得准确。要达到这个地步，除了在必要的语法理论指导下进行大量的语言实践以外，是没有什么速成的办法的。

我们常听到学习的人抱怨说："这个项目一讲就懂，一用就错。"这句话说明一般的语法理论知识并不难懂，但就是难用。要掌握好一个语法项目，就得靠多听、多说、多写、多读、多译，也就是做反复的、大量的、多样化的练习。

"学习英语有没有捷径？"我们认为是没有的。练习得越多，实践得越多，所学的内容就掌握得越牢

希望能帮到你
英语教师高中团队

E. 英语中语法混淆怎么办

多做题。

F. 英语各种从句，有时候很容易混淆，求讲解，谢谢

This is the house where he lived last year. （where 引导定语从句，where =in which ）
He left his key where he could find. （where 引导地点状语从句，where =in the place where /in which he could find ）
定语从句的关系代词 that指人、物；which 指物和婴儿。它们在定语从句中作主语、宾语。关系副词where, when,why 分别作地点、时间、原因状语

名词从句（用来作主语、宾语、表语、同位语）中的that 不作任何成分，无意义。what，which, when, how, where why 等有意义，要作成分。

G. 说出英语中容易搞混淆的短语

1. in a word, in words in a word总之，一句话， in words口头上 In a word, you are right. 2. in place of, in the place of in place of代替，in the place of在…地方 A new building is built in the place of the old one. 3. in secret, in the secret in secret秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作状语；in the secret知道内情，知道秘密，一般用作表语 My mother was in the secret from the beginning. 4. a girl, one girl a girl可泛指所有女孩, one girl一个女孩 Can one girl carry such a big box? 5. take a chair, take the chair take a chair相当于sit down坐下，take the chair开始开会 6. go to sea, by sea, by the sea go to sea当海员，出航，by sea乘船，由海路， by the sea在海边 go by sea 7. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacher the doctor and teacher指一个人，既是医生又是老师，the doctor and the teacher两个人，一个医生和一个老师 the doctor and teacher is 8. in office, in the office in office在职的，in the office在办公室里 He is in office, not out of office. 9. in bed, on the bed in bed卧在床上，on the bed在床上 The book is on the bed. He is ill in bed. 10. in charge of, in the charge of in charge of管理，负责照料， in the charge of由……照料 He is in charge of the matter. The matter is in the charge of her. 11. in class, in the class in class在课上，in the class在班级里 He is the best student in the class. 12. on fire, on the fire on fire着火,on the fire在火上 Put the food on the fire. The house is on fire. 13. out of question, out of the question out of question毫无疑问的，out of the question不可能的 14. a second, the second a second又一，再一，the second第…… He won the second prize. 15. by day, by the day by day白天，by the day按天计算 The workers are paid by the day. 16. the people, a people the people指人，a people指民族 The Chinese is a peace-loving people. 17. it, one it同一物体，one同类不同一 I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one. 18. that, this that指代上文所提到的，this导出下文所要说的 I was ill. That's why… 19. none, nothing, no one none强调有多少，nothing, no one强调有没有，nothing指物，no one指人 --- How many…/How much…? --- None. 20. anyone, any one anyone指人，不能接of，any one指人物均可，可接of any one of you 21. who, what who指姓名或关系，what指职业或地位 What is your dad? He is a teacher. 22. what, which what的选择基础是无限制的，which在一定范围内进行选择 Which do you prefer, bananas or apples? 23. other, another other后接名词复数，another后接名词单数 other students, another student 24. not a little, not a bit not a little非常，not a bit一点也不 I'm not a bit tired. 我一点儿也不累。 25. many, much, a lot of many和可数名词连用，much和不可数名词连用，a lot of可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句 I haven't many books. 26. much more…than, many more…than much more…than后接形容词或不可数名词，many more…than后接可数名词 many more people, much more water, much more beautiful 27. no, not no=not a/any no friend=not a/any friend no water=not any water 28. no more than, not more than no more than相当于only，仅仅，只有，not more than 至多，不超过 29. majority, most majority只能修饰可数名词，most可数不可数均可 the majority of people 30. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneself by oneself单独的，独自的，for oneself为自己，to oneself供自己用的，of oneself 自行的