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初二英语期上册语法

发布时间:2021-01-05 18:02:33

❶ 初二上学期英语语法全部

1) leave的用法

1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如:

When did you leave Shanghai?

你什么时候离开上海的?

2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如:

Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.

下周五,爱丽斯要去伦敦了。

3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如:

Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?

你为什么要离开上海去北京?

2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用

should作为情态动词用,常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等,有“竟会”的意思,例如:

How should I know? 我怎么知道?

Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚?

should有时表示应当做或发生的事,例如:

We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。

我们在使用时要注意以下几点:

1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如:

You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。

2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如:

You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服,你最好去看医生。

3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如:

We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。

She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。

3) What...? 与 Which...?

1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词,都可以指人或事物,但是what仅用来询问职业。如:

What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的?

该句相当于:

What does your father do?

What is your father's job?

Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如:
---Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特?

---The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。

2. What...?是泛指,所指的事物没有范围的限制;而 Which...?是特指,所指的事物有范围的限制。如:

What color do you like best? (所有颜色)

你最喜爱什么颜色?

Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? (有特定的范围)

你最喜爱哪一种颜色?

3. what 与 which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如:

Which pictures are from China?

哪些图片来自中国?

4) 频度副词的位置

1.常见的频度副词有以下这些:

always(总是,一直)

usually(通常)

often(常常,经常)

sometimes(有时候)

never(从不)

2.频度副词的位置:

a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如:

David is often arrives late for school.

大卫上学经常迟到。

b.放在行为动词前。如:

We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.

我们每天经常在7:10去上学。

c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾,用来表示强调。如:

Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike.

有时我步行回家,有时我骑自行车。

3.never放在句首时,主语、谓语动词要倒装。如:

Never have I been there.
5) every day 与 everyday

1. every day 作状语,译为“每一天”。如:

We go to school at 7:10 every day.

我们每天7:10去上学。

I decide to read English every day.

我决定每天读英语。

2. everyday 作定语,译为“日常的”。

She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.

她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。

What's your everyday activity?

你的日常活动是什么?

6) 什么是助动词
1.协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb)。被协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb)。
助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,例如:
He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。
(doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)
2.助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来:
a. 表示时态,例如:
He is singing. 他在唱歌。
He has got married. 他已结婚。
b. 表示语态,例如:
He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。
c. 构成疑问句,例如:
Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗?
Did you study English before you came here?你来这儿之前学过英语吗?
d. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,例如:
I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。
e. 加强语气,例如:
Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。
He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。
3.最常用的助动词有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would

7) forget doing/to do与remember doing/to do

1.forget to do 忘记要去做某事。 (未做)
forget doing 忘记做过某事。 (已做)
The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.
办公室的灯还在亮着,它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)
He forgot turning the light off.
他忘记他已经关了灯了。 ( 已做过关灯的动作)
Don't forget to come tomorrow.
别忘了明天来。 (to come动作未做)
典型例题
---- The light in the office is still on.
---- Oh,I forgot___.
A. turning it off B. turn it off

C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
答案:C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着,即关灯的动作没有发生,因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth 表示灯已经关上了,而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。

2.remember to do 记得去做某事 (未做)
remember doing 记得做过某事 (已做)
Remember to go to the post office after school.
记着放学后去趟邮局。
Don't you remember seeing the man before?
你不记得以前见过那个人吗?

8) It's for sb.和 It's of sb.

1.for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等:
It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2.of sb 的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我,你真是太好了。
3.for 与of 的辨别方法:
用介词后面的代词作主语,用介词前边的形容词作表语,造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of,不通则用for。如:
You are nice. (通顺,所以应用of)。
He is hard. (人是困难的,不通,因此应用for。)

9) 对两个句子的提问

新目标英语在命题中有将对句子划线提问这一题型取消的趋势,现在采取的作法是对一个句子进行自由提问。例如:

句子:The boy in blue has three pens.

提问:1.Who has three pens?

2.Which boy has three pens?

3.What does the boy in blue have?
4.How many pens does the boy in blue have?

很显然,学生多了更多的回答角度,也体现了考试的灵活性。再如:

句子:He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday.

提问:1.Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?

2.Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?

3.What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?

4.With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday?

5.What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday?

6.When does he usually go to the park with his friends?

10) so、such与不定冠词的使用

1.so与不定冠词a、an连用,结构为“so+形容词+a/an+名词”。如:

He is so funny a boy.

Jim has so big a house.

2.such与不定冠词a、an连用,结构为“such+a/an+形容词+名词”。如:

It is such a nice day.

That was such an interesting story.

11) 使用-ing分词的几种情况

1.在进行时态中。如:

He is watching TV in the room.

They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.

2.在there be结构中。如:

There is a boy swimming in the river.

3.在have fun/problems结构中。如:

We have fun learning English this term.

They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.

4.在介词后面。如:

Thanks for helping me.

Are you good at playing basketball.
5.在以下结构中:

enjoy doing sth 乐于做某事

finish doing sth 完成做某事

feel like doing sth 想要做某事

stop doing sth 停止做某事

forget doing sth 忘记做过某事

go on doing sth 继续做某事

remember doing sth 记得做过某事

like doing sth 喜欢做某事

keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事

find sb doing sth 发现某人做某事

see/hear/watch sb doing sth 看到/听到/观看某人做某事

try doing sth 试图做某事

need doing sth 需要做某事

prefer doing sth 宁愿做某事

mind doing sth 介意做某事

practice doing sth 练习做某事

be busy doing sth 忙于做某事

can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事

miss doing sth 错过做某事

12) 英语中的“单数”

1.主语的第三人称单数形式,即可用“he, she, it”代替的。如:

he, she, it

my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary's uncle
2.名词有单数名词和复数名词。如:

man(单数)---men(复数) banana(单数)---bananas(复数)

3.动词有原形,第三人称单数形式,-ing分词,过去式,过去分词。如:

go---goes---going---went---gone

work---works---working---worked---worked

watch---watches---watching---watched---watched

当主语为第三人称单数的时候,谓语动词必须用相应的第三人称单数形式。如:

The boy wants to be a sales assistant.

Our English teacher is from the US.

Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.
12) 英语中的“单数”

1.主语的第三人称单数形式,即可用“he, she, it”代替的。如:

he, she, it

my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary's uncle

2.名词有单数名词和复数名词。如:

man(单数)---men(复数) banana(单数)---bananas(复数)

3.动词有原形,第三人称单数形式,-ing分词,过去式,过去分词。如:

go---goes---going---went---gone

work---works---working---worked---worked

watch---watches---watching---watched---watched

当主语为第三人称单数的时候,谓语动词必须用相应的第三人称单数形式。如:

The boy wants to be a sales assistant.

Our English teacher is from the US.

❷ 初二英语(人教版)上册复习资料 详细的,语法和重要知识点

新目标八年级英语上册语法复习
1) leave的用法
1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如:
When did you leave Shanghai?
你什么时候离开上海的?
2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如:
Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.
下周五,爱丽斯要去伦敦了。
3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如:
Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?
你为什么要离开上海去北京?
2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用
should作为情态动词用,常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等,有“竟会”的意思,例如:
How should I know? 我怎么知道?
Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚?
should有时表示应当做或发生的事,例如:
We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。
我们在使用时要注意以下几点:
1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。
例如:
You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。
2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如:
You should go to the doctor if you feel ill.
如果你感觉不舒服,你最好去看医生。
3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如:
We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。
She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。
3) What...? 与 Which...?
1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词,都可以指人或事物,但是what仅用来询问
职业。如:
What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的?
该句相当于:
What does your father do?
What is your father's job?
Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如:
---Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特?
---The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。
2. What...? 是泛指,所指的事物没有范围的限制;而 Which...? 是特指,
所指的事物有范围的限制。如:
What color do you like best?(所有颜色)你最喜爱什么颜色?
Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow?
你最喜爱哪一种颜色? (有特定的范围)
3. what 与 which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如:
Which pictures are from China? 哪些图片来自中国?
4) 频度副词的位置
1.常见的频度副词有以下这些:
always(总是,一直)
usually(通常)
often(常常,经常)
sometimes(有时候)
never(从不)

2.频度副词的位置:
a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如:
David is often arrives late for school.大卫上学经常迟到。
b.放在行为动词前。如:
We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.
我们每天经常在7:10去上学。
c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾,用来表示强调。如:
Sometimes I walk home, sometime I ride a bike.
有时我步行回家,有时我骑自行车。
3.never放在句首时,主语、谓语动词要倒装。如:
Never have I been there.我从没到过那儿。
回答者: ▓坏●ヤ坏忾の | 三级 | 2011-1-14 12:11

how many+可数名词的复数形式
how much+不可数名词
bags of milk 几袋牛奶
want sb to do sth 想要某人干某事
king of+adj
a king of,kings of+n
too much+不可数名词
too many+可数名词复数
much too+adj or adv
few ,a few+可数名词复数
little,a little+不可数名词
few,little表示否定“几乎没有”
a few,a little表示肯定“有一些”
ask sb to do sth要求某人干某事肯定形式
ask sb not to do sth要求某人不干某事否定形式
would like to do sth愿意干某事
look for 寻找
look at看
look after=take care of 照顾;照看
look like 看起来像
be good for 对什么什么有好处
stop to do sth 停下来去干某事
stop doing sth停下干某事
hope to do sth希望干某事
agree with sb同意某人的建议
take some exercise进行锻炼
show sb sth or show sth to sb把某物展示给某人
help sb (to) do sth帮助某人干某事
到达:get to,reach,arrive in(at)+地点;后加地点副词时,get to去掉to,arrive in(at)省略介词in(at)
形容词修饰不定代词放在不定代词的后面如:something different一些不同不定代词有:something,anything,somewhere,anywhere等
make sb do sth,let sb do sth 让某人干某事
forget to do sth 忘记去做某事,forget doing sth 忘记做过某事
it is+adj+ (for sb )to do sth
finish doing sth完成做某事
it takes sb sometime to do sth,sb spend sometime doing sth 某人花时间做某事
pay+金钱+for sth或pay+sb+金钱+to do sth
a number of许多,谓语v用复数,可数名词用复数;

❸ 英语初二上学期语法

新目标八年级上册英语语法知识点精讲+练习
(一)一般将来时
一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如tomorrow, theday after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。
be going to do (动词原形)结构:表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如:It is goingto rain.
will do 结构表示将来的用法:
1. 表示预见
Do you think it will rain?
You will feel better after a good rest.
2. 表示意图
I will borrow a book from our schoollibrary tomorrow.
What will she do tomorrow?
基本构成如下:
一般疑问句构成:
(1)will+主语+do…? Will Sarahcome to visit me next Sunday?
(2)there be 结构的一般疑问句:Will there +be …?
Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will./ No, there won’t
否定句构成:will + not (won’t)+do
Sarah won’t come to visit me next Sunday.
特殊疑问句构成:
特殊疑问词+will+主语+…?What willSarah do next Sunday?
★★练一练★★
根据例句,用will改写下列各句
例:I don’t feel well today.(be better tomorrow)
I’ll be better tomorrow.
1. Gina has six classes today. (have a lot ofhomework tonight)
_____________________________
2. I’m tired now. (sleep later)
_____________________________
3. My parents need a new car. (buy one soon)
_____________________________
4. We can’t leave right now. (leave alittle later)
_____________________________
5. The weather is awful today. (be bettertomorrow)
_____________________________
答案:1. She’llhave a lot of homework tonight.
2. I’ll sleep later.
3. They’ll buy one soon.
4. We’ll leave a little later.
5. Maybe it’ll be better tomorrow.
(二)should的用法:
should用来提出建议和忠告,后边加动词原形,否定句直接在should后边加not.
例如:I think you should eatless junk food.
我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。
She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So Ithink she should walk a lot.
她经常开车,很少走路。所以我认为她应该多走路。
Students shouldn’t spend too much timeplaying computer games.
学生们不应当花太多的时间玩计算机游戏。
学习向别人提建议的几种句式:
(1)I think youshould…
(2)Well, youcould…
(3)Maybe youshould …
(4)Why don’t you…?
(5)What aboutdoing sth.?
(6)You’d betterdo sth.
★★练一练★★
用should或shouldn’t填空
1. I can’t sleep the night before exams.
You ______ take a warm shower before you goto bed.
2. Good friends ______ argue each other.
3. There is little milk in the glass. We_______ buy some.
4. They didn’t invite you? Maybe you ______be friendlier.
5. I am a little bit overweight. So I think I_______ do exercises every day.
答案:1. should 2. shouldn’t 3. should 4. should 5. should
(三)过去进行时
过去进行时表示过去某一点时间正在进行的动作或者过去某一段时间内一直进行的动作。
1. 构成
was /were + doing,例如:
I was watching TV at 9 o’clock last night.
at 9 o’clock last night是时间点
They were playing football all afternoon.
all afternoon是时间段
2. 过去进行时的标志词
at 8 o’clock last night, this timeyesterday等。例如:
I was having lunch at home this timeyesterday.
昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。
At that time she was writing a book.
那阵子她在写一本书。(表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情。)
★★练一练★★
用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. This time yesterday I ____ ______(read)books.
2. At 9 o’clock last Sunday they ____________(have)a party.
3. When I _____(come)into theclassroom, she ________ ______(read)a storybook.
4. She _____ ______(play)computer
games while her mother ____ ______(cook)yesterday
afternoon.
5. I _____ ______(have)a shower whenyou _______(call)me yesterday.
答案:1. was reading 2. were having 3. came; was reading
4. was playing; was cooking 5. was having; called
(四)间接引语
形成步骤:
(1)不要逗号,冒号,引号
(2)要考虑到人称的变化(人称的变化与汉语是一致的)
(3)要考虑时态的变化
(4)要考虑时间状语、地点状语和语示代词的变化。
1. 直接引语变成间接引语时,几个主要时态的变化规律
直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时
2. 直接引语变成间接引语时,一些词汇的变化规律
直接引语 1. am / is 2. are 3. have / has4. will5. can6. may间接引语1. was2. were 3. had4. would5. could6. might
★★练一练★★
用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. She said I _____(be)hard-working.
2. Peter told me he _____(be)boredyesterday.
3. She said she _____(go)swimming lastSunday.
4. Bobby said he _____(may)call melater.
5. Antonio told me he _____(read)a book then.
答案:1. was 2. was 3.went 4. might 5. was reading
请转述他人说的话:
1. I go to the beach every Saturday. (Tom)
2. I can speak three languages. (Lucy)
3. I will call you tomorrow. (Mike)
4. I’m having a surprise party for Lana. (she)
(五)if引导的条件状语从句
结构:if+一般现在时,主语+将来时
含义:如果……,将要……
例如:If you askhim, he will help you.
如果你请求他,他会帮助你。
If need be, we’ll work all night.
如果需要,我们就干个通宵。
★★练一练★★
根据中文提示,完成句子。
1. 如果你参加聚会,你将会过得很开心。
If you ________ the party, you __________.
2. 如果明天下雨,我们将不去野餐。
If it __________ tomorrow, we ___________.
3. 如果你经常听英文歌,你将会喜欢英语的。
If you often ________, you_________________.
答案:
1. If you go to the party, you will have agood time
2. If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go to thepicnic
3. If you often listen to English songs,you’ll like English

二. 完形填空特点及解题思路
(一)题型分类与特点
完形填空试题是在给出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉若干个词,留下一些空格,要求考生借助短文保留的部分,从所给的短文整体出发,在正确理解短文意思的基础上,根据句子和句子间的内在联系、词的用法和习惯搭配等,用适当的词或词语填空,使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。这种题型测试的内容从形式上看是单词或短语的填空,但它必须注意到短文中上、下文意思连贯、词语搭配和语法结构正确,所以在空格上所填的词必须符合语义适用和语法正确两条原则,只考虑某一侧面都可能导致错误。中考中完形填空试题的基本题型分两类:完形填空选择题和完形填空题。
1. 完形填空选择题:该题型的特点是将一篇短文中若干词语抽掉留下空格,对每一空格提供若干个选择项,要求考生通读短文后,在理解短文意思的基础上,运用所学的词汇、句型、语法等语言知识,从所提供的备选项中选出一个最佳答案,使短文内容完整正确。中考完形填空主要以这种题型为主。它所给的短文一般与初中英语教材难易程度相当,字数在150-200个单词之内,多数设置10个左右空格,所设考点涉及词汇、语法及对短文内容的理解。短文的第一句一般不设空,以期提供一个语境,对每一空格设置的选项基本都属于相同或对等的词类,给判定选择带来一定的干扰,侧重考查了考生准确运用词汇的能力及对短文的整体理解和逻辑推理能力。
2. 选词填空题:该题型的特点是把抽出的词打乱顺序,不按原文顺序排列,放在短文前面或后面的方框内,有时还增加几个文外的词,要求考生从中选出适当的词以正确的形式填入短文空格内。
(A)
Jack wanted to ask for two days off, 1 he had only learnt the phrase (短语)“have a day
off”. He 2 , then he had an idea. “Grandmother
is ill. May I have a day off, 3 ? ”he asked the teacher. “Of course,
you can. ”replied (答复)the teacher at once.
After a while, the boy came to 4 at the teacher’s door. “May I have a
day off 5 ? ”The teacher was very
surprised, “Didn’t you 6 it just now? ”“Yes, sir. But I can’t be
here 7 , either. ”The teacher understood
him and could not help 8 . Then he said with a smile, “Why didn’t
you say‘May I have two days off? ’”The boy answered quickly
9 a loud voice. “But you only 10 us‘have a day off! ’”
( )1. A. but B. and C. or D.for
( )2. A. thought hardly
B. thought hard and hard
C. hard thought
D. thought and thought
( )3. A. Miss B. sir C. teacher D.Mr
( )4. A. strike B. best C. hit D.knock
( )5. A. also B. again C. too D.once
( )6. A. speak B. tell C. say D.do
( )7. A. tomorrow
B. the day after tomorrow
C. yesterday
D. the day before yesterday
( )8. A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughed D.laughing
( )9. A. with B. on C. in D.by
( )10. A. teach B. taught C. are teaching D.were teaching

(B)
请根据内容从所给的15个单词中选出最恰当的10个填入空白处,使短文完整,有些词要根据需要作适当的词形变化。
than, so, tell, us, them, report, beause, love,composition, understand, to, that, much, for, what
A generation gap (代沟)has become a
serious problem. I read a _______(1)about it in
the newspaper. Some children have killed _______(2)after
quarrels (争吵)with parents. I think this is _______(3)they don’t
have a good talk with each other. Parents now spend _______(4)time in the
office. _______(5)they don’t have much
time to stay with their children. As time passes, they both feel _______(6)they don’t
have the same topics(话题)to talk about. I want to _______(7)parents to be
more with your children, get to know them and understand them. And for children,
show your feeling _______(8)your parents.
They are the people who _______(9)you. So tell
them your thoughts (想法). In this way, you can have a better _______(10)of each
other.

完形填空选择题的一般解题思路是:
1. 跳过空格、通读全文、把握大意。先跳过空格,通读试题所给的要完形填空的短文,获得整体印象,做到弄清文脉、抓住主旨,较好地把握短文大意。要在阅读理解短文意思的基础上才开始判定选择,切忌仓促下笔。
2. 结合选项、综合考虑、初定答案。在理解全文意思的基础上,再结合所给备选项细读全文,联系上、下文内容,注意从上、下文的语法结构和词语搭配及从选择项中寻找解题的提示,以词、句的意义为先,再从分析句子结构入手,根据短文意思、语法规则、词语固定搭配等进行综合考虑,对备选项逐一进行分析、比较和筛选,排除干扰项、初步选定答案。
3. 瞻前顾后、先易后难、各个击破。动笔时要瞻前顾后、通篇考虑、先易后难。对比较明显直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做,一下子不能确定答案的,先跳过这一空格,继续往下做,最后回过头来再集中精力解决难点。这时可结合已确定答案的选项再读一遍短文,随着对短文理解的深入,可以降低试题的难度,提高选择的正确率。
4. 复读全文、逐空验证、弥补疏漏。完成各道题选择后,把所选的答案代入原文,再把全文通读一篇,逐空认真复查。看所选定的答案是否使短文意思前后连贯、顺理成章,语法结构是否正确,是否符合习惯表达法。如发现错误答案或有疑问的,应再次推敲、反复斟酌、做出修正。
完形填空试题的一般解题思路是:
1. 跳过空格、通读短文、了解大意。解题时先跳过空格,通读完形填空的短文,了解全篇的内容和要旨。要重视首句,善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点,理清文脉,推测全文主题及大意。
2. 复读短文、确定语义、判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文,利用上下文的语境,结合所学过的知识,先确定空格处所需词语的意义,再根据空格在句子中的位置,判断其在句中充当的成分,从而确定所填词的词性,再依据词语搭配和语法规则,判断所填的词的正确形式。
3. 三读短文、上下参照、验证答案。在短文的每一空白处填上一个词后,将完成的短文再细读一遍,上下参照,连贯思考。把所填的答案放入短文中进行检验,可从上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章,语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证,凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。

(三)课文阅读指导
1. 初中阅读
阅读理解能力
(1)理解主旨要义
(2)理解文中具体信息
(3)根据上下文猜测生词的意义
(4)做出简单判断的推理
(5)理解文章的基本结构
(6)理解作者的意图和态度
2. 培养良好阅读习惯
(1)扩大视距
(2)克服声读
(3)克服逐字读
3. 猜测词文
(1)通过标题或主题句进行预测
(2)文章的标题或主题句可包括作者的意图和倾向、篇章的总体意义和深层意义,因此通过文章标题或主题句进行预测,以便正确理解。
(3)通过语篇标记进行预测
(4)语篇标记包括关联词、转换词也包括其他关键词。
(5)利用背景知识预测
(6)利用图片进行预测

❹ 初一和初二上学期 所有英语语法

帮楼主来找了几个源比较实用的地址。
http://www.sinoya.com/search_1.asp
http://ke..com/view/328219.htm
http://www.pep.com.cn/
望采纳。

❺ 八年级上学期的英语语法总结(全部)!

一、只能修饰可数名词的词语有:
many, many a(n), a good / great many, a (great / large) number of, scores of, dozens of等。例如:
Scores of people went there in the first few days after its opening.
开张后的头几天,很多人去了那儿。
I have been there dozens of times.
我已去过那儿很多次了。
There’re a number of students reading English in the classroom.
教室里有许多学生在读英语。
Many a student has(=many students have)visited the Great Wall.(谓语动词用单数)
很多学生都游览过长城。
In winter, a good many animals sleep under the snow.
冬天很多动物在雪下冬眠。
注意: many所修饰的复数名词前若有限定词,many 后面要接of, 表示“……中的很多”。 例如:
A great many(of the) graates have found jobs.
毕业生中很多人已经找到了工作。
二、只能修饰不可数名词的词语有:
much, a great deal of, a great / large amount of等。例如:
Is there much water in the bucket?
桶里有很多水吗?
He always has a great amount of work to do.
他总是有很多工作要做。
三、既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词语有:
a lot of, lots of, plenty of (以上三个词语后谓语动词的数依of 后的名词的单复数而定),a great / large quantity of (其后谓语用单数),quantities of (其后谓语用复数)。例如:
There is still lots of snow in the garden.
花园里还有许多雪。
There is plenty of rain here.
这儿的雨水很多。
A great quantity of flowers was placed in the hall.
大厅里放了很多鲜花。
There are large quantities of food in the cupboard.
橱柜里有许多食物。
在所有这些表示“很多”的词语中many, much 是最常用的词,它们既可以用于肯定句,也可以用于疑问句和否定句。例如:
Are there many people in the street?
街上有很多人吗?
There isn’t much time left.
剩下的时间不多了。
其它的词语都用于肯定句,日常会话中常用lots of, a lot of 或plenty of; 正式文体中常用 a great many, a (large) number of, a great deal of, scores of 或 dozens of 等。但若肯定句中有too, so, as, very或how 等词修饰时,则必须使用 many, much。例如:
The number of the people who lost their homes reached as many as 250,000.
无家可归的人数多达250,000人。
There is too much work to do.
要做的工作太多了。

或者是这样的,你自己看下,哪Unit 1 How often do you exercise?
Grammar: 特殊疑问句:wh-questions: what, who, where, when, which, whose, why, whom等。
特殊疑问句的构成及用法:
结构:特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句, 即:特殊疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语(+其他)
疑问代词:
1) Who:谁。做主语,用来指人 Who is the boy under the tree?
2)Whom 谁,做宾语,用来指人 Whom are you writing to?
3) Whose 谁的,用来指所属关系,如果做定语,一般后接名词 Whose pen is this?
4) Which 哪个,哪些,用来指对人或物在一定范围之内进行选择 Which grils will in the sports meeting? Which pen is Lily’s?
5)What什么,通常指物,也可指人,一般用在没有指出范围的情况下 What can you see in the picture? What are you doing now?
疑问副词:
When:何时,询问时间 When will she come back?
Where何地,询问地点, Where do you come from?
Why为什么,询问原因, Why are you late for school?
How 如何,询问手段、方式、工具以及程度等 How do you usually go to school?
How old多大,询问年龄,How old is Jim’s little brother?
How many/much多少,询问数量 How many birds are there in the tree?
How far多远,询问距离, How far is it form your home to school?
How long多长,多久,询问时间的长度或距离 How long will you stay in Beijing?
How often多长时间按一次,询问频率 How often do you go to see your grandparents?
How soon多久,询问时间 How soon will you come back?
频率副词:表示动作发生的频率,never, sometimes, often, usually, always.
Unit 2 What’s the matter with you?
Grammar:
1. 用have 来描述身体不适 have/have got a +疾病名字;得了……病
2.情态动词should,情态动词should,can, may, must没有人称和时态的变化,后接动词原形
Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?
Grammar:现在进行时表将来 一般将来时
表示将要做某事或计划打算做某事要用到句型“be+doing”其中be是助动词,它有人称和单复数的变化。Be: am, is, are. be + v.ing是现在进行时的形式,但用于表示将来。用进行时表将来,常用于表示即将来临的未来预定要做的事情,一般指个人计划要做的事。用于此情况的动词一般是表示位置转移的动词,如,go, come, leave, start, arrive, move等。
一.肯定句中,结构为“be+doing.”
I am going shopping this afternoon.
二.否定句是在be之后加not. I’m not going to shopping this afternoon.
三.一般疑问句是将be置于句首 Are you going shopping this afternoon?—Yes, I am/ we are. No, I’m not./ We aren’t.
四.特殊疑问句“疑问词+一般疑问句语序。”
What are you doing for vacation? When is he going camping?
Who are you going there with? Where is she going?

Unit 4 How do you get to school?
Grammar: How引导的特殊疑问句:是指以How, how far, how long, how old,how many, how much等词开头的疑问句。
How does he get to shool?---- He takes the train to get to shool.
How long does it take to walk? ----It takes about 35 minutes to walk.
How far is it from your home to school? It’s four miles from my home to school.
How old is he now? She is twelve years old now.
How many storybooks do you have? I have five storybooks.
How much is this coat? This coat is 200 yuan.
特殊疑问句的简略结构:how about…?+ 名词或动词-ing形式,用于提出建议、请求或征求意见、询问消息等。如:How about playing tennis?
Unit 5 Can you come to my party?
Grammar:情态动词can及邀请句式及其问答
情态动词can的用法:
Can 是最长用的情态动词,其后跟动词原形,can的否定形式为cannot,can’t.
can表“能力”,意思是:能,会 I can paly basketball,but I can’t swim.
can表示能力时可和be able to 互换,be able to有更多的时态,常被用来表示can所 不能表示的将来或完成的概念。E.g. They will be able to run this machine on their own in three months.
表示“可能性”,意思是:可以,可能。That big cinema can seat 5,000 people.
表示允许,意思是可以能够 You can have the book when I have finished it.
表示“惊讶、不相信等(用于疑问句、否定句或感叹句中”。意思是“会、可能。”
This can’t be true. Can it be true?
如何发出、接受和谢绝别人的邀请
表达邀请的常用句型:
Can you come to…?
Could you come to…?
Would you like to come to…?
Do you want to come to…?
接受邀请的常用句型:
Sure. Certainly. OK. I’d love to.
谢绝邀请的常用句型:
I’m sorry, I can’t. I have to…
I’m afraid I can’t. I have to…
I don’t think I can. I have to…
Unit 6 I’m more outgoing than my sister.
Grammar:形容词的比较级
规则变化、不规则变化(课本P93)
than 是比较级中最常见的标志词,意思是“比”。用于引出比较的对象。1.He draws better than me.2.You’re older than I am. You are older than me.
形容词比较级前,有时可以用much,far, a little,a bit, even, three times等词来修饰。Much 和far表示“……得多”,much better好得多,a little, a bit表示稍微,一些,一点。a little shorter, 稍微矮点;even表示“甚至,更加,还要……”even bigger还要大些,three times表示 “…三倍”,如three times bigger than 比……大三倍
Very绝不可以用来修饰比较级,very,so,too, quite 修饰原级
Unit 7 How do you make banana milk shake?
Grammar: 可数名词与不可数名词
一.可数名词
英语中的物质名词大体上可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词指物体的数量可数。其单数形式可在名词前加a或an,表示一个,如a pear. 其负数形式要在词尾加-s,或-es(特殊情况除外),如two bananas, three tomatoes. Many many apples a few students few bags
二.不可数名词
1.不可数名词指物体的数量不可数。不可数名词没有单复数之分,也不能在词前直接加冠词a 或an.表示不可数名词的数量时可在不可数名词前加相应的由量词构成的短语。如a bag of… 2.常见的量词短语有:
a piece of… a cup of… a teaspoon of… a bottle of…
3.不可数名词还可以用下面的词表示数量:much much rain a little little
4.既可以修饰不可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词的词有:
Lots of= a lot of许多,大量 some一些(用于肯定句)any一些(用于否定句和一般疑问句)
Unit 8 How was your school trip?
Grammar:
一般过去时:指在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去意义的时间状语连用。如:yesterday, last year(week,month…),two years ago, in2006等。有时也可用when,after,before, as soon as引导的时间状语从句。该时态在句中的体现是谓语动词用过去式。谓语be动词→was/were 否定:wasn’t /weren’t
Be动词句型
一般疑问句:was/were +主语…
特殊疑问句:疑问词+was/were+主语
陈述句:主语+was/were+…(肯定句) 否定句:主语+wasn’t/weren’t+…
行为动词句型(当句中的动词为行为动词时,要借助动词did构成一般疑问句和否定句)
肯定式:主语+动词过去式
否定式:主语+didn’t+动词原形
一般疑问句:Did +主语+动词原形
特殊疑问句:Did+主语+动词原形
Unit 9 When was he born?
Grammar: 一般过去时的特殊疑问句
一般过去时的特殊疑问句的变法同一般现在时一样,不同之处在于须将be动词或助动词改为过去时态,即“特殊疑问词+were或was(第三人称单数)+主语+(表语)+其他成分”或“特殊疑问词+助动词did+主语+实义动词+其他成分。”
以when引导的特殊疑问句,对某人的出生年月进行提问,句型是:
When was/were…born? … was/were born in +时间
When was David beckham born? 大卫.贝克汉姆是什么时候出生的?He was born in 1975.
二.以how long 引导的特殊疑问句,对表示某一短时间的状语进行提问。句型是:
How long did + 主语+动词?
How long did Charles Smith hiccup? He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months.
三.When did he start hiccupping? 他什么时候开始打嗝?When +did+主语+动词?
Unit 10 I’m going to be a basketball player.
Grammar:一般将来时
表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。
1. be going to + 动词原形 What are you going to do next Sunday?
2. will/shall + 动词原形 I will go to my hometown next week.
3.be +v.ing The Greens are moving to another city the day after tomorrow.
4. be +动词不定式 You are to be back by 10 o’clock.
5. be + about + 动词不定式 The meeting is about to begin.
Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?
Grammar:情态动词
情态动词,表示说话者对某一动作的看法和态度,包括可能、怀疑、允许、愿望、必要、猜测等。Can(能、会),may( 可以),must( 必须、一定)等。
情态动词的特点:(1)情态动词有一定词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和另一个动词原形一起构成谓语,且没有人称和数的变化。1. I can speak English. 2. She must be a teacher. 3. We may go home now.
(2)变否定句时,直接在情态动词后面加not,无需加助动词。He can’t play the guitar well.
He can’t answer the question. You mustn’t be late.
(3)含有情态动词的句子变一般疑问句时,须将情态动词提前。Can you help me? Must I go there at once?
(4)can 可表示能力、允许、可能性、怀疑猜测,意为“能,会,可以。”can’t, 意为“不能,不会,不可以。”,还有“不可能”之意。
--Can you drive? – Sorry, I can’t. It can’t be true.
(5)can 也可表示请求与邀请
Can you please sweep the floor?
Unit12 What’s the best radio station?
Grammar:形容词/副词的最高级,用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较,表示在一群人或事物中,其中一个 “最……”见课本p93语法
the +最高级 She is the tallest of all her classmates.
最高级可被序数词以及much, by far,nearly,almost, by no means, not quite,not really, nothing like等修饰。This hat is by far the biggest.
表示最高程度的形容词,excellent, extreme, prefect等没有最高级也不能用比较级。He is an excellent teacher.
形容词最高级间修饰做表语或介词并与的名词代词是,被修饰的词往往省略。
He is the youngest (boy) in his class.
Who/Which +be+最高级,A,B,or C? Who is the most useful, a bicycle, a motorcycle,or a car?
the +序数词+最高级 He is the second tallest student in our class.
One of the +最高级+复数名词 The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China.个完整你选择哪个吧!

❻ 初二上册英语重点语法有哪些

不持之以恒,英语就学不会,这是因为英语是一门十分注重积累的学科。如果能接受这个观点,那你就要持之以恒,否则学习无效………………我是一个高考的过来人。首先我想请阁下明白一个道理:英语很差不可怕,可怕的是你从一开始便接受自己是一个英语差生的“事实”!!!!!虽然我高考已经好多年了,而且今年即将大学毕业,踏入社会。但英语一直没有丢,英语一直是我的排头兵!我对英语的自信还有,我觉得学好英语不难,重要的是你要有恒心,急躁冒进,三天打渔两天晒网都是不行的。在这里我就毛遂自荐一下我的学习方法吧: 首先先你要端正心态,不要急躁,不管别人考多少分,你做你自己的事,这样才能静下心来学习。要成为英语高手就必须比别人走更多的路,做更多的事。你应该明白一个事实,英语是单词和语法的综合,所以单词和语法都要拿下。 其次,对于单词,有如下几种方法,第一个,是加强记忆的频度,也就是说,早上记了几个,隔几个小时又看一次,总之一天之内,记忆的间隔不要太长,否则你辛苦积累的记忆会随着时间的延长而淡化,第二个,是可以根据自己的理解编顺口溜,比如good morning 是狗摸你…(见笑了)…,第三个,最重要的是,记单词的时候,不要忘了阅读,一边记单词,一边看文章,这样可以把孤立的单词串联起来,记忆的效果会加倍,第四个。我建议你记单词要分门别类记忆,要形成一个意群,比如,重要性用magnitude magnificence ,表示非常,大大地有exceedingly,tremendously,extremely……这样做在你写作时,是十分有好处的,写作时不要尽写一些低级词汇,你要写高级词汇,比如重要性写magnitude,许多写a multitude of 或者handsome。再次,是语法。学习语法,首先要明白什么是主谓宾定状补,什么是系动词,什么是直接宾语,间接宾语,这些是学习语法的基础,语法是房子,主谓宾定状补等是沙石砖瓦 此外,对于完形填空以及阅读理解,那就只能靠平时的练习了,在这个过程中,你要时时总结,纵深对比,千万不要陷入题海战术只做题,不总结的误区当中。在做题的过程中,你把各种体型都总结了一遍,积累了丰富的经验,而且你还提升了自己的阅读速度,一举两得,所以做题是很重要的!其实,完形填空无非就是单项选择加语境分析,也就是说,做完形填空你的语法要好,而且你要积累比较多的固定搭配,短语,特殊用法等,完形填空的语法还是很重要的!对于阅读,我个人感觉是,纯粹是个人经验积累多少的问题,只有保证一定的练习量,你才能用质的提高!最后,我建议你,平时读报,或者做题的时候,发现有好的句子好的词汇,你要抄下来,长期下来,你的作文会有提高的,需要说明的是,这个提高过程可能很缓慢,但是最后能收到很好的效果,以前25分的作文我都能保证在21-23这个级别,靠的就是对语法的熟练掌握和积累了许多较高级的词汇,句型,句子。我个人的理解是,在你的语法达到基本不会出错的程度上,作文便应该以词汇取胜,因为在这个层次上,大家的语法都差不多,没什么变化,唯一有变化的就是你的词汇!给你打个比方吧,很多想到“许多”就用many,但是你别忘了many a ;handsome;massive,innumerable;很多人想到“专家”就写expert,但很少人会想到specialist,很多人在想到“擅长”这词,就写be good at ,却不知还有更高级的表达法:be expert at 或者excel in ……高手和庸才,就体现在这些细微的差别

❼ 初二英语新目标上学期语法要点

初二英语语法知识重点总结

一、知识强化

1.掌握本单元的重点词汇及句型。

2.谈论最好做某事和正确做某事,培养提高自己的交际能力。

3.正确使用should和ought to。

二、重难点知识讲解

1.First, we decided to elect the chief editor. 首先我们决定选出主编。

decide 动词,意为“决定”,常用结构:

decide (not) to do sth. 决定(不)做某事

decide on doing sth 决定做某事

decide + 疑问代词/副词+不定式 决定……

decide+从句 决定……

e.g.I decided to go to Beijing on Monday.

我决定星期一去北京。

He has decided on going for a trip next week.

他已决定下周去旅行。

He decided when to go to Beijing.

他已经决定了什么时候去北京。

We decided that we didn’t take part in the basketball match.

我们决定不参加篮球比赛。

2.We should choose Joyce because she has experience.

我们应该选乔伊斯因为她很有经验。

(1)experience n. 经验;经历

①经验(不可数名词)

e.g.He is a math teacher with 5 years’ experience.

他是一名有五年工作经验的数学老师。

②经历(可数名词)

e.g.It was a strange experience.

真是一次奇特的经历。

Please tell us your experiences in America.

请你告诉我们你在美洲的经历。

(2)experience v. 体验;经历

e.g.Our country has experienced great changes in the last thirty years.

我国在过去三十年经历了巨大变化。

3.Then we all voted for her. 然后我们都投票赞成(选乔伊斯为主编)。

vote for sb. 意为“投票赞成某人”。

e.g.I shall vote for Ben because he has experience.

我将投票选本因为他有经验。

Vote for Johnson—the people’s friend!

请投约翰逊一票——他是人民的支持者。

vote against 意为“投票反对”。

e.g.People vote against Henry.

人们投票反对亨利。

4.Then Joyce took charge of the meeting. 于是,乔伊斯主持会议。

take charge of意为“主管,主持;负责”。

e.g.Who will take charge of the meeting?

谁将主持这次会议?

She took charge of the family business after her father died.

父亲去世后,家务事全由她负责。

The department was badly organized until she took charge(of it).

这个部门在她负责管理以前组织工作做得很差。

5.Then the others voted for me. 于是其他人投票选我。

句中的the others指参加会议的除我以外的所有人即:Lucy, Joyce, Tony和Jessica。

辨析:other, the other, the others与another

(1)other表示“其他的”,表示泛指,没有特定的范围。

e.g.Lei Feng always helped other people.

雷锋总是帮助别人。(指其他的任何人)

(2)the other意为“另一个”,一般用于两者之间。其句型为:one…the other…一个……另一个……

e.g.The old man has two sons. One is a soldier, the other is a worker.

那位老人有两个儿子,一个是士兵,另一个是工人。

注意:the other和other后均可加名词,但意思有所不同,“the other+名词”表示一定范围内除一部分外其余的全部,而“other+名词”表示除去部分以后的另一些,但不是剩下的全部。

(3)the others 特指一定范围内的其余的全部人或事物。

e.g.I have three pencils. One is long, and the others are short.

我有三支铅笔,一支是长的,另外(两个)是短的。(代词)

(4)another表示三者或三者以上的其他任何一个,意为“再一;又一”。

e.g.Would you like another cup of tea?

你还要一杯茶吗?

6.You will be responsible for different sections of the paper.

你们将负责报纸的不同部分。

be responsible for意为“对……负责”。

e.g.Who is responsible for breaking the mirror?

镜子是谁打破的?

The bus driver is responsible for the passengers safety.

公共汽车司机应对乘客的安全负责。

7.Should it be free for readers, or should they pay for it?

读者应免费阅读还是花钱购买呢?

辨析:pay, spend, cost与take

四个单词都可以表示“花费”,但用法却不尽相同。

(1)pay的基本用法是:

①pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买某物。

e.g.I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.

我每个月要付给他们20英镑的房租。

②pay for sth. 付某物的钱

e.g.I have to pay for the lost book.

我不得不赔偿丢失的书款。

③pay for sb. 替某人付钱

e.g.Don’t worry! I’ll pay for you.

别担心,我会给你付钱的。

(2)spend的主语必须是人,常用于以下结构:

①spend time/ money on sth. 在某物上花费时间/ 金钱。

e.g.I spent two hours on this maths problem.

这道数学题花了我两个小时。

②spend time/ money(in)doing sth. 花费时间/金钱做某事。

e.g.They spent two years (in) building this bridge.

造这座桥花了他们两年时间。

(3)cost的主语是物或某种活动,还可以表示“值”,常见的用法如下:

①“sth. cost (sb.)+金钱”表示“某物花了(某人)多少钱”。

e.g.A new computer costs a lot of money.

买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。

②“(doing)sth. cost(sb.)+时间”表示“(做某事)某物花了(某人)多少时间”

e.g.Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.

他花了大量的时间才记住了这些新单词。

(4)take 常见的用法有以下几种:

①“It takes/took sb.+时间+ to do sth. ”表示“做某事花了某人多少时间”。

e.g.It took them three years to build this road.

他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。

②“doing sth. takes sb.+时间”表示“做某事花了某人多少时间”。

e.g.Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.

他花了一整下午修这辆小汽车。

8.Well, I usually try to get one for free from outside the library…

哦,我通常试图从图书馆外免费拿一份……

try to do sth.,意为“尽力、设法去做某事”,强调付出一定的努力或想方设法地去完成。

I’ll try to come early tomorrow.

我明天尽量早点儿来。

辨析:try doing sth. 意为“尝试着做某事”,不一定付出很大努力。

e.g.If you like, you can try watching it.

如果你喜欢,你可以试着看一下。

拓展:

①try/do one’s best to do sth.意为“尽某人全力去做某事”。

e.g.We should try our best to practice speaking English.

我们应尽力来练习说英语。

②try on意为“试穿”。

e.g.Can I try it on?

我可以试穿一下吗?

③try也可用作名词,意为“尝试”。

e.g.I can’t open this door—will you have a try?

我打不开这扇门——你来试试行吗?

9.I also have the habit of reading English for half an hour every morning.

我也有每天早上读半小时英语的习惯。

have the habit of doing…意为“有干某事的习惯”。

e.g.My mother has the habit of getting up early.

我妈妈有早起的习惯。

He has habit of smoking ring meals.

他有吃饭时吸烟的习惯。

10.Were you nervous before the speech? 在演讲前你紧张吗?

nervous意为“焦虑的,紧张的”,形容词作表语,可以与动词get/ feel,系动词be连用。

e.g.Don’t be nervous! The doctor just wants to help you.

别紧张!医生只是想帮助你。

I felt very nervous when I went into his office.

当我走进他的办公室时,我感到很紧张。

11.She was on her way to the library to return the books.

她正走在去图书馆还书的路上。

(1)the way to…意为“去……的路”。其中the可以用物主代词替换。如果表示地点的词是副词home, there, here等时,则不用介词to。way为名词,意为“路;道路”,其常用的搭配还有on one’s way to+n. 或on one’s way+adv.,意为“在去……的路上”。

e.g.I see some beautiful flowers on my may home.

在回家的路上,我看到一些美丽的花。

On my way to the school I met my head teacher.

上学路上我遇到了班主任。

(2)return在句中意为“归还”,相当于give sth. back.

e.g.Return the book to the library.

把书归还给图书馆。

12.but I haven’t felt lonely at all. 但我一点也不感到孤独。

(1)辨析:lonely与alone

①lonely一般只用作形容词,表示“孤单的,孤独的,寂寞的”,在句中既可作表语,又可作定语。lonely修饰物时,意为“荒凉的”。

e.g.When his wife and two little children left him, he was very lonely.

妻子和两个孩子离他而去后,他很孤独。

This is a lonely mountain village.

这是一个荒凉的小山村。

②alone作形容词时,意为“单独的,独自的;独一无二的”,通常只用作表语。用作副词,表示“独自地,单独地”之意,相当于by oneself。此外,alone用在名词或代词之后,意为“只有,唯有,仅仅”。

e.g.Tom alone knew what had happened.

只有汤姆知道发生了什么事。

③lonely指人孤独寂寞,或指地方荒无人烟,有浓厚的伤感色彩。alone表示“单独,独自一人”,不含感情色彩。

e.g.He doesn’t feel lonely though he lives alone.

尽管他独自生活,但他并不感到孤独。

(2)not…at all 意为“一点……也不;根本不”,是完全否定。

e.g.I don’t like it /them at all. 我根本不喜欢它(它们)。

He can not swim at all. 他根本就不会游泳。

She doesn’t love me at all. 她根本就不爱我。

三、语法点拨——should与ought to的用法

1.一般说来,两者可替换,只是ought to语气稍重。

e.g.You ought to (should) go and see Mary sometime.

你应该什么时候去看看玛丽。

The train ought to (should) have arrived at six.

火车本应该6点钟到的。

Such things ought not to be allowed.

这种事情是不允许的。

2.表示出于法令规则、行为准则、道德责任等客观情况而“应该”做某事时,一般应用ought to,若用should则含有个人意见,强调主观看法。

e.g.We ought to go and see Mary tomorrow, but I don’t think we will.

明天我们按理应该去看看玛丽,但是我认为我们不会去(此句不宜用should)。

3.在公告、须知或条例中,出于礼貌,常用should。如:

e.g.You should not run alongside the swimming-pool.

不准在游泳池边奔跑。

❽ 初二上英语语法总结

1. look pretty 看上去漂亮的
1. taste salty 尝起来咸的
2. feel tight 感觉有些紧
3. smell sour 闻上去酸的
4. sound noisy 听上去吵闹的
5. so much food 这么多食物
6. get the food ready把食物准备好
7. can’t wait to do sth.迫不及待地做某事
8. hear from sb. 收到某人的来信
9. shake hands 握手
10. last message 上个信息
11. be proud of sb. 为某人自豪
12. have a party 开聚会
13. the first time 第一次
14. family member 家庭成员
15. say hello to sb.与某人问好
16. have a try 试一试
17. introce sb. to sb.把某人介绍给
18. get angry with sb. 对某人生气
19. be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事.
20. be excited about doing sth.做某事感到兴奋
21. do something wrong 做错事
22. ride a bicycle 骑自行车
23. would like to do sth. 想要做某事
24. make cookies 做小甜饼
25. What’s the matter with you? 你怎么了?
26. What’ she like? 她为人怎样?
27. What does she look like? 她长的怎样?

feel (感觉,摸起来)
sound(听起来)
look(看上去)
28.主语+感官动词(连系动词) seem (好象) +adj.
smell(闻起来)
taste (吃起来)
keep (保持)
become / get/ turn (变得)

Mole 8
1. around town 环城之行
2. go along 沿着---走
3. turn left/ right into---向左/右转
4. on the corner of (在街道)拐角处
5. between---and---在----和----之间
6. on the left of---在---的左边
7. opposite the market 在市场的对面
8. by boat 乘船
9. take boat 乘船
10. on a clear day 在晴朗的日子里
11. the way to -------的路
12. the best way 最好的方法
13. get off 下(车, 船)
14. go past 走过
15. go for a walk 散步
16. buy things you need 买你需要的东西
17. go swimming 去游泳
18. get something to eat 买些吃的东西
19. be full of 装满了---
20. most of 大多数
21. at the ticket office 在售票处
22. follow it on the map
23. Where is the park?
How can I get to the park?
Can you tell me the way to the park?
Is there a park near here?
Do you know the way to the park?

Mole 9
1.濒危动物: animals in danger
2.需要做某事: need to do
3.没有喝水: without drinking
4.了解: learn about…
5.令人惊奇的事情:: the surprising thing
6.很吃惊地干某事: be surprised to do sth
7.干某事很悲伤: It’s sad to do sth
8.为了…而杀死: kill…for…
9.停止捕杀很难: It’s hard to stop killing
10.没有地方住: no places to live in
11.没有足够吃的食物no enough food to eat
12.这水不好喝: The water isn’t good to drink
13.带走它: take it away
14.住在森林里: live in the forests
15.决定不做某事: decide not to do
16:变得很严峻: become very serious
17.以…为生: live on…
18.照顾: look after (them, her…)
19.有足够住的地方:enough places to live in
20.越来越少的土地居住 less and less land to live on
21.制定计划: make a plan
22.生长得更好:grow better
23.最著名的科学家: the best-known scientist
24.以 而闻名: be famous for…
25.的标志(象征) the symbol of…
26.想起 think of…
27.考虑: think about (it)
28.例如: for example / such as…
29.几乎没有熊猫 very few pandas.
30.也,同样 as well as…
31.你真是太好了干某事 It’s really nice of you to do sth…
32.向某人展示某物show sb about sth..
33.干某事的一个计划: a plan to do sth…
34.设计海报 design a poster
35.保持…干净: keep sth clean
36.保持地球的干净: keep the Earth clean
37.砍伐森林: cut down the forests
38.污染河流: pollute the rivers
39.为某人而工作: work for sb
40.在野外: in the wild
41.究竟 : on earth
42.听到那个消息很难过:I’m sorry to hear that.
43.使得某人发狂: make sb mad
44: 把它变脏: make it dirty
45. 查找它: find it out
46.和平地生存:live in peace.
47.自然保护区: nature reserve
48.最后: at last
49.干某事是有趣的: It’s interesting to do
50.需要保护: need to protect…
51.变得稀少: become rare
52.最濒危的动物之一one of the animals most in danger
53.出生: be born
54.由于许多不同的原因:for many different reasons

Mole 10
1. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事
2. watch a performance of 看----的演出
3. the center of the neighbourhood 居住地的中心
4. say goodbye to sb. 向某人说再见
5. the Qing Dynasty 清朝
6. the Anti-Japanese War 抗日战争
7. send sb. to some place 送/派某人去某地
8. the Teacher’s School 师范学校
9. from – to – 从----到----
10. be named 被命名为
11. people’s artist 人民的艺术家
12. great Master of Language 语言大师
13. folk music 民歌
14. magic shows 魔术表演
15. at the teahouse 在茶馆
16. enjoy sth. 从某事得到乐趣
17. the twentieth century 二十世纪
18. give a wonderful welcome 热烈欢迎
19. take place 发生
20. make them study hard 使他们努力学习
21. fall in love with sb. 与某人相爱
22. marry sb. 娶了/嫁给某人
23. the best part of the film 电影最好的部分
24. the name of ----的名字
25. more than one meaning 不止一个意思
26. the same dream 相同的梦想
27. Beijing Children’s Art Theatre 北京儿童艺术剧院
28. a gold medal 金牌
29. somebody else 别的人
30. a well-known poet 著名的诗人
31. a writer for TV, opera and drama 一位集电视剧,歌剧及戏剧创作于一身的作家
32. finish doing sth 结束做某事
33. be good for 对---有利
34. understand their children better 更好的了解孩子
35. manage to do sth. 设法做成某事
36. make a decision 做出决定

Mole 11
1. The Spring Festival 春节
2. at the moment 现在
3. depend on 根据---而定/ 依靠
4. find out 找出,查明
5. choose carefully 仔细挑选
6. the places to see 要看的地方
7. in winter 在冬天
8. change colour 改变颜色
9. in the northwest 在西北
10. remember to do sth 记得干某事
11. freezing cold 非常冷
12. from time to time 时常
13. take an umbrella 带把雨伞
14. for a long time 长时间
15. on holiday 度假
16. best of all 最好的是
17. start to do sth. 开始做某事

Unit 1: How often do you exercise?
【应掌握的词组】
1. go to the movies 去看电影

2. look after = take care of 照顾

3. surf the internet 上网

4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式

5. go skate boarding 去划板

6. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康

7. exercise=take(much)exercise=do sports锻炼

8. eating habits 饮食习惯

9. take more exercise 做更多的运动

10. the same as 与什么相同

11. be different from 不同

12. once a month一月一次

13. twice a week一周两次

14. make a difference to 对什么有影响

15. how often 多久一次

16. although = though虽然

17. most of the students=most students

18. shop=go shopping=do some shopping 购物

19. as for至于

20. activity survey活动调查

21. do homework做家庭作业

22. do house work做家务事

23. eat less meat吃更少的肉

24. junk food垃圾食物

25. be good for 对什么有益

26. be bad for对什么有害

27. want to do sth 想做某事

28. want sb to do sth想某人做某事

29. try to do sth 尽量做某事

30. come home from school放学回家

31. of course = certainly = sure当然

32. get good grades取得好成绩

33. some advice

34. hardly=not nearly / almost not几乎不

35. keep/be in good health保持健康

36.be stressed紧张的,有压力的

37. take a vacation 去度假

48.get back 回来

Unit 2 What’s the matter?
【应掌握的词组】
1. Have a cold 感冒

2. sore back 背痛

3. neck and neck 并驾齐驱,齐头并进

4. I have a stomachache 我胃痛

= I have got a stomachache

= There is something wrong with my stomach

= My stomach hurts

= I have (got) a pain in my stomach

5. What’s the matter? 怎么了?

= What’s the trouble (with you)?

= What’s your trouble?

= What’s wrong (with you)?

= What’ the matter (with you)?

=What has happened to you?

= Is there anything wrong (with you)? = what’s up?

6. sore throat 咽喉痛

7. lie down and rest 躺下休息

8. see a dentist 看牙医

9. drink lots of water 多喝水

10. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶

11.That’s a good idea 好主意

12.That’s too bad 太糟糕了

13.I think so 我认为如此

14. I’m not feeling well. 我觉得不太舒服

= I’m not feeling fine/all right.

= I’m feeling ill/sick. =I feel terrible/bad.

= I don’t feel well.

15. get some rest 多休息

16. I have no idea = I don’t know 我不知道

17. stressed out 筋疲力尽

18. I am tired 我累了 He is tired. 他累了

19. a healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式

20. traditional Chinese doctors传统中医

21. a balance of yin and yang阴阳调和

22. you have too much yin.你阴气太盛

23. to eat a balance diet饮食平衡

24. healthy food 健康食品

25. stay healthy 保持健康

=keep healthy=keep in good health

= keep fit

26. enjoy oneself (myself, yourself, herself, himself, themselves, ourselves, itself

反身代词) 玩得高兴,过得愉快

=have a good time = have a wonderful time

= have fun

27. enjoy sth. =like sth. (名词)喜欢某物,

enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事=like dong sth

practice doing sth.练习做某事,

mind doing sth. 介意做某事,

finish doing sth.完成某事,

give up doing sth.放弃做某事,

can’t help doing sth.忍不住做某事,

keep ding sth. 坚持做某事. (keep on doing sth. / keep sb. doing sth. )

be busy doing sth. 忙着做某事

be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事

make a contribution to doing sth.为..做贡献

go on doing sth. 继续做某事

forget doing sth.忘记做某事

remember doing sth. 记得做某事

spend....(in) doing sth. 花(时间)来做某事

prefer doing sth.to doing sth.比起(做...)来更愿意(做...)

28. at the moment = now 此刻

29. Host family 东道家庭

30. Conversation practice会话练习

31. I’m sorry to hear that.听到此事我很难过

初二语法复习
1. so+谓语+主语:…也一样. 谓语:be动词/助动词/情态动词

2. so+主语+谓语:的确如此,真的这样.

3. help yourself/yurselves to...请随便吃点...

4. 发现sb做sth : find sb doing sth

5. 不完全同意I don’t really agree.

完全不同意I really don’t agree.

6. 或者..或者...either…or…..就近原则

既不..也不..neither…nor….就近原则

既....又...both…and….谓语用复数

7. 看起来,似乎It seems/seemed that…..

8. 由于...而闻名be famous for….
更详细的语法可以看这里:)
http://www.52en.com/whbm/grammar/index.htm

参考资料:http://..com/question/59050572.html

❾ 初二上学期英语,都包含哪些语法知识

初二第一学期UNIT ONE英语语法总结
1.how often...?
1)How often do you read English? I read English every day.
每隔一天=每两天 every other day = every two days
每三、四、五天 every three/four/five days
eg.The Olympic Games are held every four years.
2)How often do you go to the movies? I go to the movies once a month.
一月两次twice a month 一月三次 times a month 一月两三次two or three times a month
2.sometimes的位置
3.pretty 漂亮 (注意和quiet 相当 的区分)
4. 5种how的疑问句
5.Do you have the same lifestyle as them? (the same ... as 的用法)
No,mine is different from theirs. (be different from 的用法)
6.may be 与maybe
May be kate knows the answer.
=Kate may know the answer.
=Perhaps Kate knows the answer.
7.try tries tried trying
try to do something 尽力、设法做某事
try doing something 试着做某事
try one's best to do something 尽某人最大的努力去做某事
8.keep in good health = stay in good health

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