高考英语专项语法

⑴ 高考英语语法省略的用法怎样用举例

英语中为了避免重复，往往省去一个词语或更多成分，这种语法现象称为省略。省略的情况复杂、多样，综合近年来的高考题，常在以下几个方面对省略进行考查。
一、 考查状语从句中的省略
例1. When first ______to the market, theseprocts enjoyed great success. (2004高考)
A. introcing B.introced C.introce D.being introced
2._____with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does notseem big at all. (2004湖北)
A. Compare B.When comparing C. Comparing D.Whencompared
3.The research is so designed thatonce nothing can be done to change it. (2002年全国)
A. begins B. havingbegun C. beginning D.begun
Key：1.B 2.D 3.D
简析 状语从句中，如果主句的主语和从句的主语一致，且状语从句的谓语动词中有be动词，从句的主语连同be可一起省略，该类状语从句多为时间、地点、条件、方式或让步等，连词为when,while, though, if, unless, although, as if等，后面通常接分词、不定式、形容词、名词等。
例 Look out for cars when （you are） crossingthe street.
另外，在when /if it is necessary , possible 结构中， it is通常省略。
例 Drop in on me if (it is ) possible.
二、 考查定语从句中关系代词及关系副词的省略
例.1.That’s an unpleasant thing to say aboutyour father after _______ he’s done for you. (2004高考)
A. something B. anything C. all D.that
2. Playing tricks on others is ______we should never do.(2004湖南)
A. anything B.something C.everything D.nothing
3. What surprised me was not what he said but ___he said it. (2004湖北)
A. the way B. in the waythat C. in the way D. the way which
Key: 1.C 2.B 3.A
简析 关系代词在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后可以省略；关系副词 that在先行词reason/ way后的省略。
例 This is the reason why / for which / that/省略he was late. (that 为关系副词，可省略)
三、不定式符号to 的省略
例:1.A computer does only what thinking people _________.(1999上海)
A. have it do B. have itdone C. havedone it D.having it done
2. We’ve missed the last bus. I’m afraid we have no choice but_____ a taxi. (1993上海)
A. to take B.taking C. take D.taken
Key: 1.A 2.A
简析:不定式在感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice, look at , listento, overhear, observe 和使役动词 have, make, let 后作宾语补足语时,不定式省略to。
例 I watched him disappear in the distance.
不定式符号to在介词but ,except, besides后的省略。介词but ,except,besides 后接不定式作宾语时，介词前有行为动词do,不定式要省去to。
例We did nothing but/except wait then.
不定式符号to作表语时的省略。当主语部分有行为动词do,作表语的不定式to可省略。
例What I want to do now is find some books to read.
四、考查不定式后动词的省略
例: 1.--- Would you like to go to the Great Theatre with metonight.
--- ______.(1999上海高考)
A. Yes, I would like to go to the Great Theater with youtonight.
B. I’d love to, but I have an exam tomorrow.
C. No, I wouldn’t D.That’s all right
2.--- Does your brother intend to studyGermany?
--- Yes, heintends ________. (1998上海高考)
A./ B.to C.so D.that
3.--- I’ll be away on a business trip. Wouldyou mind looking after my car?
--- Not atall. ________. (1995NMET)
A. I’ve no time B. I’d rathernot C. I’d likeit D. I’d behappy to
Key: 1.B 2.B 3.D
简析 动词love, mean, want, hate, like, wish,expect, hope，try, intend, plan, refuse, prefer, seem 及be glad(pleased, delighted, happy) to等后面接不定式时，为避免重复，常省略与上文相同的动词，只保留to不定式符号。
例--- How about going for a walk ?
--- I’d like to ( go for a walk ) .
句式would have done …, should have done…, ought to have done…,needn’t have done …, used to be …等省略形式为 would have ,should have , ought to have, needn’t have , used to be,要保留不定式后的be或have。
例 ---Are you a sailor ?
--- No, but I used to be (a sailor).
五、对替代词so 及not 的考查
1. --- You haven’t lost the ticket, have you?
--- ______.I know it’s not easy to get another one at the moment.(2004江苏高考)
A. I hopenot B. Yes, Ihave C. I hope so D. Yes, I’m afraidso
2. --- The boys are not doing a good job at all,are they ?
--- ________.(2003北京春)
A. I guess notso B. I don’t guess C. I don’t guessso D. I guessnot
3.--- I believe we’ve met somewhere before.
--- No, ________. (2000北京春)
A. it isn’t the same B. it can’t be true C. I don’t think so D. I’d rather not
Key: 1.A 2.D 3.C
简析 替代词so /not用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，代替肯定的名词性从句。可与动词believe, do, expect, fear, guess, hope, say, speak, suppose, think 等及I’m afraid连用。肯定时上列动词都可与so 搭配，否定时hope与guess只用I hope not 和I guess not 形式，而think ,believe , suppose等词可有两种否定形式 ，即：I think not 或I don’t think so.
例 --- Is he going to studyabroad?
--- I believe so. ( so = he is going to study abroad)
六、 考查虚拟语气中if 及should 的省略
1._____ it rain tomorrow, we would have to putoff the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. ( 1994上海 )
A. Were B. Should C. Would D.Will
2.What would have happened _______ as far as the river bank ?(2001上海高考)
A. Bob hadwalkedfarther B. if Bobshould walk farther
C. had Bobwalkedfarther D. if Bobwalked farther
3.Jane’s pale face suggested that she _____ill, and her parents suggested that she ___ a medical examination.( 1994上海高考)
A. be,should have B. was,have C. should be, had D. was,has
4.____be sent to work there ? (2002上海高考)
A. Who do you suggest B.Who do you suggest that should
C. Do you suggest whoshould D. Do yousuggest
Key: 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.A
简析 在书面语中,当条件从句有were, had, should 时省略if , 把它们提至句首,形成倒装句式。
在含有建议、要求、命令等相关的名词性从句用should + V ，should可以省略。
例 He suggested that she (should ) go atonce.
注suggest表示“暗示” 时用陈述语气
七、 会话中的省略
例: 1.---Guess what ! I came across an old friend at the party lastnight.
--- ______. I’m sure you had a wonderful time. (2004辽宁)
A. Soundsgood! B. Very well C. How nice ! D. All right!
2.--- Let’s go and have a good drink tonight.
--- _____ Have you got the first prize in the competition?(2004重庆)
A. What for ? B. Thanks alot . C. Yes, I’d liketo D. Why not?
3. ---Brad was Jane’sbrother!
--- _____ he reminded me so much of Jane ! (2004浙江)
A. No doubt B. Above all C. No wonder D. Of course
4. If you are planning to spend your moneyhaving fun this week, better ____ it —— you’ve got some bigbills coming. (2004广东高考)
A. forget B.forgot C. forgetting D. toforget
Key: 1.C 2.A 3.C 4.A
简析 省略在会话中广泛应用，解题时应按照问话或答语的具体内容补充完整,做好该类题型一是要注意上下文语境，二是要注意常见句式的省略。英语中常见句式的省略有：
1.It is … (that…) 强调句式中that部分省略。 2.(It is) No wonder … ( 难怪…)
3.(Is there) Anything else ?
4.(You’d) Better do
5.have some difficulty( in) doing, prevent sb (from) doing sth等词组中介词在口语中常省略
例: 1.--- Where did you see him last night?
--- It was in the hotel ____ he stayed.
A. where B.that C.which D. /
2. You can’t imagine the great difficulty I had _____ yourhouse.
A. finding B.found C. tofind D. find
key 1.A 2.A
简析 第1题可以补全强调句式that 部分： It was inthe hotel where he stayed that I saw him last night. hotel后为定语从句。
第2题是对have difficulty in doing sth词组置于定语从句的考查，介词in 的省略加大了该题的难度。
高考链接
1. --- Go for a picnic this weekend, OK?
--- ______. I love getting close to nature. (2004福建)
A. I couldn’t agreemore B. I’m afraid not
C. I believenot D. I don’t think so
2. --- Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer ?
--- _______? (2004 全国I 卷)
A. Whatfor B. What is it
C. How isit D. How come
3. It is easy to do the repair. ________ you need is a hammer andsome nails. (2004天津高考)
A.Something B. All
C.Both D. Everything
4. Unless ______ to speak, you should remain silent at theconference. (2003年上海春季高考)
A.invited B. inviting
C. beinginvited D. having invited
5. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if____whether he was going in the right direction.（2003年北京春季）
A.seeing B. having seen
C. to haveseen D. to see
6. Though ______ money, his parents managed to send him touniversity. (2002 年上海高考)
A.lacked B. lacking of
C.lacking D. lacked in
7. When ______, the museum will be open to the public next year.(2002年 上海春季高考)
A.completed B. completing
C. beingcompleted D. to be completed
8. He made another wonderful discovery, ____ of great importance toscience. ( 1998上海高考)
A. which I think is B. which Ithink it is
C. which I thinkit D. I thinkis
9. If ________ the same treatment again, he is sure to get well.(1998年上海高考)
A.giving B.give
C.given D. beinggiven
10. --- Alice, why didn't you come yesterday?
---I ________, but I had an unexpected visitor. (1997NMET）
A.had B. would
C. was goingto D.did
Key: 1-5.AABAA 6-10. CAACC
综上所述，高考对省略的考查主要对状语从句中的省略、不定式的省略、否定问句的省略回答、虚拟条件句中if的省略及比较级的省略的考查。只有掌握了常见的省略现象及其考查形式，才能以不变应万变，在高考中立于不败之地。

⑵ 高考英语语法填空的技巧和方法

具体解析语法填空技巧
技巧一：名词形式变化。名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。
技巧二：动词形式变化。动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化（时态、语态、语气），有非谓语的变化（不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词）。
技巧三：代词形式变化。代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关。即人称代词（主格和宾格）、物主代词（形容词性和名词性）、反身代词。还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no one/none、other/another。指示代词（it 和this）it 用作引导词等。
技巧四：形容词、副词比较级变化。英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀-er 和-est，或在词前加more/less 和most/least，且形容词的绝对最高级还要冠以the。
技巧五：数词形式变化。数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀-teen、-ty 的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及one/two 的特殊变化形式once/twice。
技巧六：词的派生。词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。
技巧七：固定短语结构。根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词结合看才能命中答案。
技巧八：从句引导词。从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要考查学生对各种从句掌握程度。
技巧九：短语动词结构。短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。
技巧十：介词、短语介词结构。常用的介词有in，at，on，before，ring 等，通常考查固定搭配。短语介词即多个词的组合起介词作用的短语，如：except for，e to 等。
技巧十一：连词、关联短语结构。常用的连词有and，or，but，so，for，while 等，常用的关联短语both……and，either……or，neither……nor，not only……but also 等。
技巧十二：冠词无提示词名词之前。冠词只能是在a，an，the之间判断。
技巧十三：上下文中出现的相关词。这是较难的，但也是通过上下文去做题时最有效的方法。学生可以根据上下文关系和自己积累的知识，填入某个词。

⑶ 高考英语语法填空专项练习

2011-2012年专题调研-英语-语法填空（广东版）

作者：杜志建主编

出版社：汕头大学出版社

⑷ 高考英语语法有哪些

定语句
名词性句
词用
定式用
八态
情态词(can
must
would
等)虚拟语气(should
if
wish等)倒装结构(hardly
never
等)买本语书系统看.