⑴ 整理高中高二非谓语动词语法,并用例句说明。
英语非谓语动词讲解及练习 非谓语动词是指分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)、不定式、动名词等三种形式,即: doing , done , to do , doing 。当然它们有各自不同的变化形式,如: 现在分词 doing : 有being done(被动式) ; having done (完成式); having been done (完成被动式) 不定式 to do : 有to be done (被动式); to have done (完成式); to be doing(进行式) 动名词 doing : 有having done(完成式); being done(被动式) ; 非谓语动词的特点: 三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征,虽然它们没有人称和数的变化,但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。它们都有各自的特征:分词具有形容词和副词的特征;动名词具有名词的特征;不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。具体来讲:分词在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等;动名词在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语等;不定式在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、补足语或状语。 下面分别对三种非谓语动词进行讲解:一. 动词不定式先看几个例句,判断不定式在句中的成分。1.To learn a foreign language is difficult .2. His wish is to be a driver . 3.Tom wanted to have a cup of beer . 4.The teacher told us to do morning exercises . 5.I have nothing to say . 6.They went to see their aunt . 7.It’s easy to see their aunt.8.I don’t know what to do next .9.I heard them make a noise .说明:1.动词不定式作主语, 2.动词不定式作表语,3.动词不定式作宾语,4.动词不定式作宾语补足语,5.动词不定式作定语,6.动词不定式作目的状语,7.动词不定式作真正主语,it 代替动词不定式,作形式主语。8.带有连接代词的动词不定式作宾语,9.不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 掌握动词不定式应注意的几个问题:1. “to” 是不定式符号还是介词,下列短语中的to 都是介词。 agree to object to close to , come to , lead to , refer to , equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to 2. 带to 还是不带to I have no choice but to give in I cannot do anything but give in I saw him enter the classroom . ( 但是: He was seen to enter the classroom .) 3. 动词不定式逻辑主语是由for 作为标记的。但是有时用of . It’s necessary for you to study hard . It’s foolish of him to do it . 与of 连用的形容词有: good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , careless , polite , possible 4.后接不定式作宾语的动词有: want , hope , wish , like , begin , try , need , forget , agree , know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange , dare , decide , determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose , expect etc.需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语,而要用it做形式宾语。例如:通常不说We think to obey the laws is important . 而说We think it important to obey the laws . 5.不定式的省略。下列短语中,如果意义明确,常常省略到to 。want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to , love to , have to , ought to , need to , used to , be able to 6.不定式作定语,应注意两种关系:1)动宾关系: He has a lot of meeting to attend . Please lend me something to write with . He is looking for a room to live He is looking for a room to live in . He has no money and no place to live ( in ) . I think the best way to travel ( by ) is on foot . There is no time to think ( about ) . 2)主谓关系: She is always the last ( person) to speak at the meeting . ----I’m going to the post office , for I have a letter to post . ( 逻辑主语是I )-------Thank you. But I have no letters to be posted now ( 逻辑主语不是I ) 7.不定式作状语,可以有以下几种意义: 1) 原因 He is lucky to get here on time . 这种结构中常用的形容词有: happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager , anxious . lucky , fortunate , proud , angry surprised , frightened , disappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy 2) 目的 He came to help me with my maths . 3) 结果 I hurried to get there only to find him out . The book is too hard for the boy to read . He is old enough to go to school . 8 . 不定式作补足语 I saw him play in the street just now . 能跟不带to 的不定式作补足语的动词有: see , feel , hear , listen to , look at , watch , let , have make, observe, notice 注: 当这些词为被动式时,不定式要带to , 如: He was seen to play in the street just now.二.动名词Learning English is very difficult .学英语非常困难。His job is driving a bus . 他的工作是开车。I enjoy dancing .我喜欢跳舞。I have got used to living in the country . 我已经习惯了住农村。Take some sleeping tablets , and you will soon fall asleep . 吃点安眠药,你很快就会入睡。注意以下几种结构:1.There’s no telling what will happen .=It’s impossible to tell what will happen . = No one can tell what will happen . 2.It’s no use talking with him . It’s no good speaking to them like that . 3.There’s some difficulty ( in ) doing …在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下单词替换: trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time 注意以下几个问题: 1.下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别, forget to do … 忘记要做某事 forget doing… 忘记做了某事 remember to do…记住要做某事 remember doing …记着做了某事 mean to do … 有意要做某事mean doing … 意味着做了某事 regret to do … 对要做的事表示后悔regret doing … 对做过去的事后悔can’t help to do…不能帮助做某事can’t help doing … 情不自禁做某事try to do … 尽力去做某事try doing 试着做某事learn to do … 学着去做某事learn doing … 学会做某事stop to do … 停下来去做(另一件事)stop doing … 停止做某事go on to do … 接着做(另外一件事)go on doing … 继续做某事used to do … 过去做某事be used to doing … 习惯做某事2.动名词作定语与现在分词作定语意义有区别动名词作定语表达 n+ for doing 的含义现在分词作定语表达 n+which(who) be doing的含义如:a sleeping car = a car for sleeping a running horse = a horse which is running 前者是动名词 , 后者是现在分词又如: drinking water , walking stick running water , sleeping boy 3. 动名词的逻辑主语:动名词的逻辑主语为代词或名词的所有格形式。例如:His coming made us very happy . 4.动名词的语态和时态 5. 动名词主动形式表被动的情况: need doing , want doing , require doing 例如: This room needs painting . 这个房间需要粉刷。 6.只能跟动名词作宾语的动词: admit , avoid , advise , consider , delay , deny , enjoy , escape , excuse , fancy , finish , complete , forbid , imagine , mind , miss , permit . practise , require , suggest , risk , keep, take to , look forward to , get down to , feel like , can’t help , can’t stand , be used to ,insist on , succeed in , set about, give up , include , 三. 分词 1 The story is interesting . I’m interested in it . 这个故事有兴趣,我对这个故事感兴趣。 2 . This is a moving film . 这是一部动人的电影。 3. The secretary worked late into the night , preparing a long speech for the president . 秘书工作到深夜,为主席准备一篇长篇演讲稿。 4. Given more time , I’ll do it well . 如果给我多一点时间,我会做的更好。When he passed the back of the street , he saw the thief stealing some money from the bank . 当他后街时,看到小偷正从银行偷钱。 应注意的几个问题: 1.现在分词与过去分词的区别 Do you know the woman talking to Tom ? = Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom ? The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.= The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor.China is a developing country and America is a developed country. 2.分词作表语 The news sounds encouraging . They got very excited . 1)现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别: The news is interesting . doing 作表语,主语与表语是主谓关系 ;done 作表语,主语与表语是动宾关系。 2)表语与被动式的区别:The blackboard was broken by Xiao Ming .(强调动作) The blackboard is broken . You’d better have it repaired.(强调状态) 3)常作表语的过去分词: amused , injured , covered , known , dressed , lost , broken , gone , delighted, excited , pleased , satisfied , married , worried , surprised , interested , burnt , shut , crowded , wounded , drank , done 3.现在分词、动名词 现在进行时的区别The situation in our country is encouraging . (表语)The situation in our country is encouraging the people . ( 现在进行时)My job is looking after the little baby . (动名词)能回答how-question 的是现在分词,能回答what-question 的动名词,即不能回答how-question 也不能回答what-question 的是现在进行时。 例如: How is the situation in our country ? It is encouraging . What is your job ? My job is looking after the little baby . 4.注意的四种结构: have something to do 有某事要做 have something done 使某事被做 have somebody do something 使某人做某事 have something doing 让某事一直做着5. 需要跟反身代词作宾语的动词:seat , prepare , hide , dress 如:I seated myself on the chair .I was seated on the chair . 6.分词做状语与不定式的区别: 分词做状语表示时间、原因、让步、 条件、方式、伴随等;而不定式表示目的和结果。 Having finished the homework , I went home . ( 时间) Being a Party member , I should work hard . (原因) Given more time ,I can do my work better . ( 条件 ) He ran out of the classroom ,shouting at the boy. ( 伴随) To get more knowledge , we must work harder and harder . ( 目的 ) He is old enough to join the army . ( 结果) 7.分词、动名词和不定式作定语的区别 a running horse 现在分词 = a horse that is running a fallen leaf 过去分词 = a leaf that has already fallen a walking stick 动名词 = a stick for walking something to do 不定式 = something that I should do 8.不定式被动式、分词的被动式和过去分词的区别:I have a problem to be discussed at the meeting . ( 将来)The building being built on the river is the Science Museum . (正在进行) The building completed three years ago is now in bad conditions . ( 过去) 9.分词做状语需要注意的一个问题: 分词与句子主语的逻辑关系 Seeing from the hill , the city looks beautiful .( 错误 ) Seen from the hill , the city looks beautiful . ( 正确) Seeing 与the city 不是主谓关系;seen 与city 是动宾关系
⑵ 高二英语语法 非谓语动词作状语 求详解
不定式和分词作状语的区别
(1)现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。
现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。
1)现在分词作状语时,现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,它们之间的关系是主动关系。
He went out shutting the door behind him.
他出去后将门随手关上。
Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.
由于不知如何办是好,他去找父母帮忙。
2)过去分词作状语时,过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,它们之间的关系是被动关系。
Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
如果对这些树多关心一些,它们本来会长得更好。
Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.
在遇到困难的时候,我们必须设法克服。
(2)动词不定式和分词作状语的区别
1)分词作状语一般表示伴随,而不定式常常表示目的。
They stood by the roadside talking about the plan.他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。(伴随)
They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。(目的)
2)分词作状语放在句子开头,除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件。动词不定式作状语时,除了表示目的以外,还表示结果或原因。
Reading attentively,he forgot the time for lunch.由于在专心读书,他忘了吃午饭的时间。(原因)
Reading carefully,he found something he had not known before.他仔细读书时,发现了一些从前不知道的东西。(时间)
Reading carefully,you'll learn something new.只要你仔细阅读,你会学到一些新的东西。(条件)
His family was too poor to support him.他的家庭太穷,不能维持他的生活。(结果)
The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf.这男孩个子不够高,手伸不到书架。(结果)
We are glad to hear the news.我们很高兴听到这消息。(原因)
(3)下面一些句型是不定式做状语时候应该注意的:
a:not/never too…to, too…not to , but/only too… to, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意义
b:做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾,常见的不定式动词有:find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, proce 等。
c:不定式做状语时,其逻辑主语一般为句子的主语,否则用for引导主语
⑶ 一道高二英语选择题,being done与done作状语
句中的and
连接的是两个平行结构
所以动词的形式要一致。即
所填和kept形式一致
⑷ 高二英语非谓语动词作状语,定语和补语,作主语表语和宾语的窍门。
你好!我来帮你:
i.
he
is your
good
friend
,
the
right
person,
who
can
always
make
you
happy.
他是你的好友,这个人,是能始终让你幸福的人。
1,主句he
is your
good
friend
为主系表结构,
good作定语。
2,the
right
person是
your
good
friend
的同位语。
3,who
can
always
make
you
happy.为定语从句,先行词为your
good
friend
和the
right
person,关系代词who在从句中作主语,make是谓语,you是宾语,happy作宾语补足语。always是副词作时间状语,表示频率来修饰动词
make
。
ii.
系动词是连接主语和表语的联系动词,说明主语的性质或状态。典型代表是to
be,
当然还有其它
系动词如become,appear,seem等。表语由名词、形容词、代词、现在和过去分词等担任。
⑸ 高二英语非谓语
76 非谓语是left over, 独立主格结构作状语
77
非谓语是to improve, 作want的宾语
非谓语是confused,作主语补专足语
78
非谓语有
lost,作状语属
thinking of, 作状语
getting, 作宾语
organized,宾语补足语
trying,作状语
to settle, 作宾语
79
非谓语有
featured,作定语
to expand, 作宾语
increasing, 作状语
compared, 作状语
80
非谓语有
Declaring,作状语
to do,作宾语
chaired, 作定语
to report back, 宾语补足语
⑹ 高二 英语 选修六 mole2 the cat that vanished
The Cat That Vanished (消失的猫)
威尔累得脑子都木了,他本可以继续向北走,也有可能在某棵树下头枕草地昏昏睡去,但是,正当他站在那儿,试图让头脑清醒些的时候,他看见了一只猫。
那是一只母斑猫,就像威尔家的莫克西一样。它轻轻地走出靠着牛津一侧街道上的一个花园,威尔正站在街边。他放下购物袋,伸出手,那只猫便跑到他身边,在他的手指间来回蹭起了脑袋,就像莫克西常常做的那样。当然所有的猫都是那样的,尽管如此,威尔还是渴望回家以至于热泪充满了他的双眼。
终于,那只猫转身跑开了。正值夜晚,它还要巡视自己的领地,捕捉老鼠。它轻轻地穿过马路,朝着角树林另一边的灌木丛走去,然后在那儿停了下来。
威尔继续盯着它,这时,他发现猫的举动变得非常奇怪
它伸出爪子去拍它前面空气中的某些东西,某种威尔看不见的东西。然后它向后一跃,脊背拱起,毛发竖立,尾巴僵直地伸着。威尔了解猫的习性。他更加警觉地看着,只见那只猫再次靠近那个地方---角树与花园树篱的灌木丛之间的一块空草地,又拍打了一下那里的空气。
它再次向后一跃,但这次没有跳得那么远,也没有那么害怕了。于是几秒钟的嗅来嗅去,爪子碰触,胡须抽动,终于好奇心战胜了警惕性。
那只猫向前一迈,然后就消失了。
威尔眨了眨眼睛。然后他静静地站着,紧靠离他最近的一棵树干,这时一辆卡车转弯驶过来,车灯照到他的身上。卡车开过去后,他穿过马路,眼睛盯着那只猫一直在打量的地方。这并不容易,因为他无法把目光集中在某件东西上,但是当他靠近那个地方,设法仔细观察时,他看出了端倪。
终于,他从某些角度看到了。那儿看上去就像有人在距离路边大约两米的地方将空间切开了一块,它大体呈方形,不到一米宽。如果你与那块空间处在同等高度,从侧面看你几乎看不到它,从后面则完全看不见它。只能从最靠近马路的一边看到它,但也很难看清楚,因为透过它,你所看到的一切与这一边完全相同:一片被街灯照亮的草地。
但是威尔深信不疑,另一边的那块草地在一个不同的世界里。
他不可能说得出所以然来。他只是马上就知道了,就好像他知道火会燃烧,善意是美好一样。他所注视着的是某种极为陌生的东西。
仅仅是这一理由,就足以吸引着他俯下身子向更深处望去。他看到的一切使他头晕目眩,心跳加速,但是他却毫不迟疑:他把购物袋塞了过去,继而自己也钻了过去---穿过现实世界框架上的这个洞,进入另一个世界。
他发现自己站在一排树下。那是一些高大的棕榈树,而不是角树,像在牛津一样,那些树木沿着草地排列成行。只是,他所处的是一条宽阔的马路中央,路的一侧是成行的咖啡馆和小商店,灯火通明,还在营业,在布满繁星的夜空下,所有的店铺都静悄悄,无人光顾。在这个炎热的晚上,空气中弥漫着鲜花的芳香和海水咸咸的味道。
威尔仔细地环顾四周。在他身后,满月映照着远处壮丽的青山的轮廓,山脚下的斜坡上坐落着带有美丽花园的房子,还有一块树木丛生的公共绿地,一座古典风格的庙宇在其上闪着微微的白光。
空气中的那个空洞就在他身边,无论是从这边还是那边都很难看见,但却确定无疑地存在着。俯身向空洞的那一边望去,他看到了自己的世界---牛津的街道。他不禁一颤,转过身来:无论这个新世界如何,总会好过他刚刚离开的那个世界。带着逐渐出现的眩晕感觉,那种处在半梦半醒之间的感觉,他站起身来环顾四周寻找他的向导---那只猫。
⑺ 高二 英语 英语句子结构分析 请详细解答,谢谢! (25 15:0:49)
题错了。正确的答来案应为other things being equal.句意为:自在其他方面一样的情况下,一个善于表达的人一定比英语不好的人更快成功。
句子所缺部分应为状语,不定式做状语在中学阶段只表目的和结果,都不符合题意。
现在分词做状语表伴随,方式,让步,结果,原因,条件。。。一般说来,现在分词做状语,其逻辑主语和句子的主语是一致的,如:Seeing from the top of the hill,we found our school was beautiful.这里see的主语就是we.但此题中现在分词的主语是other things,句子的主语是a man,这是分词的独立结构。如:Weather permitting, we'll go there on foot.
⑻ 高二英语必修5作表语,定语,宾补,状语从句各3句…各位帮帮忙,谢谢
表语从句
This is what I want,这就是我想要的
The reason why he was late is that his bike broke down. 他迟到是因为自行车坏了
Next sunday is when we shall meet. 下周日是我们见面的时间
This is why I am late.这就是我迟到的原因
定语从句
(1) A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作主语)
(2) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which / that在句中作宾语)
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 你刚刚见到的那个人就是我的朋友.
宾补:
Yesterday, I cut my hair short.
This news made me excited.
She found him a very clever boy.
状语从句:
Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪里我都会想到你。
He is absent today, because / for he is ill. 他今天缺席,因为他病了。
If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.
⑼ 高二必修五英语中不定式作状语的句子在多少页
非谓语动词包含四种形式,即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
1.不定式
①基本形式:to do(表示主动,并且一般表示将来)
②被动式:to be done(表示被动,并且一般表示将来)
③进行式:to be doing (表示主动和进行)
④完成时:to have done(表示主动和完成)
⑤完成被动式:to have been done(表示被动和完成)
⑥完成进行式:to have been doing (表示主动和完成进行)
The teacher told us to do morning exercises.老师让我们做早操。
The car to be bought is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。
She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom.老师进来时,她假装正在读书。
The thief is said to have escaped.据说小偷已经逃跑了。
The thief is said to have been arrested.据说小偷已经被抓住了。
She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years.据说在过去的20年里,她一直在这家工厂工作。
2. 动名词
①基本形式:doing (表示主动) Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.在未来,普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。
②被动式:being done(表示被动) Freddy and his band could go nowhere without being followed by their fans.Freddy和他的乐队到哪里都被他们的粉丝跟着。
③完成式:having done(表示主动和完成)I have no idea of his having done such a thing against you.我不知道他做过这样一件违背你的事情。
④完成被动式:having been done(表示被动和完成)
Many customers complain of having been given short weight at that shop.很多顾客抱怨在那家商店被缺斤少两过。
3. 现在分词
①基本形式:doing (表示主动和进行)
He sat there,reading a newspaper.他坐在那里,读着一张报纸。
②被动式:being done(表示被动和进行)The area being studied may be rich in coal.这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。
③完成式:having done(表示主动和完成)Having finished my homework,I began to watch TV.完成作业后,我开始看电视。
④完成被动式:having been done(表示被动和完成)
Having been told many times,she still can't remember it.已经被告诉了很多次,她仍然记不住。
4. 过去分词:done
及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成;不及物动词的过去分词表示主动或完成。
polluted river 被污染的河流;fallen leaves 落叶
注意:非谓语动词本身不能表示时态意义。即不表示现在和过去等时态。
非谓语动词表示进行、将来和完成时是相对于谓语动作来说的。和谓语动作同时发生表示进行;发生在谓语动作之后表示将来;发生在谓语动作之前表示完成。
⑽ 高二英语选择题1道,在线等
C
涉及的词组是"be aware of" 和"spend ...(in)doing"这里的"in"是可以省略的
因为两句是同一个主语,也就回是"they",而两句之间又答没连接词,所以这里把前面的"they are"的省略,只是构成一个短语作为状语。
补成完整的句子加个连接词就行了,也就是
(When they were) aware of the danger abead, they spent a long time (in)thinking about what to do next."