⑴ 高一英语必修一语法复习提纲
呵呵 希望对你有所帮助 祝楼主进步哈 新年快乐哈
一. 直接引语和间接引语
（一）直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。
1. 时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词said, asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态，即把原来的时态向过去推，也就是一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时，等等。例如：
Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.”
→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.
2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化： 根据意义进行相应的变化，例如：
She asked Jack,“Where have you been?”
→She asked Jack where he had been.
He said,“These books are mine.”
→He said that those books were his.
（二）直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。直接引语如果是一般疑问句，用连接词whether或if；如果是特殊疑问句，则用疑问词引导间接引语。转述的动词一般用asked，可以在其后加上一个间接宾语me, him, her, us等。如：
She said,“Is your father at home?”
→She asked me if/whether my father was at home.
“What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me.
→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday.
直接引语如果是祈使句，改为间接引语时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据原句的语气（即请求或命令）加上ask, tell, order等动词，如果祈使句为否定式，则在不定式前加not。其句型为：ask / tell / order someone (not) to do something. 例如：
She said to us,“Please sit down.”
→She asked us to sit down.
He said to him,“Go away!”
→He ordered him to go away.
He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”
→He told the boys not to make so much noise.
二. 各种时态的被动语态
被动语态概述
被动语态的概念：它是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的执行或被执行关系。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，例如：They saw the little boy crying by the river. 被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者，例如：The little boy was seen crying by the river.
被动语态的构成
被动语态的形式是由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态等的不同而变化。几种常见时态的被动语态形式如下：
1. 一般现在时 am/is/are + 过去分词
例如：Rice is planted in the south of China.
2. 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词
例如：These trees were planted the year before last.
3. 一般将来时 will/shall + be + 过去分词
例如：A sports meeting will be held next week in our school.
4. 现在进行时 am/is/are + being + 过去分词
例如：Your radio is being repaired now.
5. 过去进行时 was/were + being + 过去分词
When he got there, the problem was being discussed.
6. 现在完成时 have/has + been + 过去分词
His work has been finished.
Has his work been finished? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t.
7. 过去完成时 had + been + 过去分词
注意：
1．除了be之外的其它系动词如get, stay等也可以和过去分词构成被动语态。例如：Their questions haven’t got answered.
2. 含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态使用“情态动词+ be + 过去分词”结构。例如：
More attention should be paid to the old in this country.
This work can’t be done until Mr. Black comes.
3. 含有“be going to”, “be to”等结构的谓语，其被动语态分别用“be going to + be + 过去分词”和“be to + be + 过去分词”。例如：
The problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting.
All these books are to be taken to the library.
4. 被动语态与系表结构的区别：“连系动词+用作表语的过去分词”构成的系表结构，与被动语态的形式完全一样，所以应注意它们的区别。被动语态中的过去分词是动词，多强调动作；系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词，多强调状态。前者通常可用by 引出动作的执行者，而后者则不可以。例如：
The map was changed by someone.（被动结构）
That custom remained unchanged for many centuries.（系表结构）
系表结构中的过去分词通常可被very修饰，被动语态中的过去分词往往要用much修饰。
例如：
He was very excited.（系表结构）
He was much excited by her words.（被动结构）
5. 主动形式表被动意义。有些动词的主动形式有被动意味，如 open, read, sell, shut, wash, wear, write等。此时句子的主语一般是物。例如：
These books sell well. 这些书很畅销。
The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。
The clothes wash well. 这些衣服很好洗。
⑵ 高一英语必修一第一单元语法
直接引语与间接引语面面观（一）
在英语语言交际中，引述别人的话有两种方式：直接引语和间接引语。直接引语是直接引述别人的原话，在书面语中经常将其放在引号中。间接引语是用自己的话转述别人的话，无需加引号，在多数情况下间接引语可以构成宾语从句。接下来我们认识一下直接引语与间接引语：
1. MrsSmith said, “I am going to New Yorktomorrow.”（引号中的内容为直接引语）
2. MrsSmith said that she was going to New York the next day. （划线部分为间接引语）
细心的同学可能已经发现句1中的直接引语在变成句2中的间接引语时某些成分已经发生了变化，如: I变成了she, am变成了was, tomorrow则变成了the next day。在日常交际中，当我们需要在这两种引语之间转换时，究竟有什么规律可循呢？
首先，如果直接引语为陈述句、疑问句，变为间接引语时，就成为一个宾语从句，所以自然要符合宾语从句的语法要求。从句的一些共性特点是：一、陈述语序；二、恰当的连接词；三、时态要求。除此之外，直接引语变为间接引语仍有一些具体的语法要求，以下结合实例逐一解析。
一、人称的变化
将直接引语变为间接引语时，一定要注意人称的变化，否则会使整个句子意思混乱。观察下列几组句子中人称的变化，注意其变化规律。
1. She said, “My friends want to visit me.”→ She said her friends wanted to visither.
2. He said to Kate, “How is your work now?”→ He asked Kate how her work was then.
3. Tom said, “You’d better carry an umbrella just incase, Mary.”→ Tom said that Mary had better carryan umbrella just in case.
4. Mr Smith said, “Jack is a good worker.”→ Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker.
【自我归纳】人称变化须牢记：从一随主，从二随宾，从三人称不更新。
“从一随主”是指如果直接引语中的主语是第一人称时，从句中的人称变化要随主句中 ______的人称变化，如第1组例句。
“从二随宾”是指如果直接引语中的主语是第二人称时，从句中的人称变化要与主句中的______一致，如第2组例句；如果主句没有宾语，则需观察主句主语的交际对象，如第3组例句，此句中Tom的说话对象为______, 故间接引语中的主语变化为Mary。
“从三人称不更新”是指如果直接引语中的主语及宾语是第三人称时，从句中的人称一般______，如第4组例句。
二、时态的变化
直接引语变为间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态上要做相应的变化。具体变化如下：
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
过去将来时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
一般过去时
过去完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时
【即学即练】根据以上原则完成下列句子。
1. She said, “I have lost my bike.”→ She said she ______ her bike.
2. She said, “We hope so.”→ She said they ______ so.
3. He said, “She will go to see her friend.”→ He said she ______ to see herfriend.
注意：在以下几种情况下，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不变化。
1. 直接引语是客观事实、科学真理及名言警句时。如：The teacher said to us, “Light travels much fasterthan sound.”→ The teacher told us that lighttravels much faster than sound.
2. 直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：Mother said, “John, what were you doingat 8 o’clock last night?”→ Mother asked John what he was doingat 8 o’clock the night before.
3. 如果直接引语中的情态动词无过去式（如：ought to, had better, usedto）或已经是过去式（如：could, should, would,might）时，则不再变化。如： He said, “You should come hereearlier tomorrow.”→ He said I should go thereearlier the next day.
4. 如一般过去时有表示具体时间的状语，也可以不变。如：She said, “I was born in 1995.”→ She said (that) she was born in1995.
三、状语及其他成分的变化
直接引语变为间接引语时，时间状语和地点状语也要做相应的变化。如: now → then；today → that day; tonight → that night；yesterday → the day before；tomorrow → the next day；last month → the month before等；地点状语here → there；指示代词this → that, these → those；动词come → go, bring → take等。
注意：以上这些变化要视情况而定，不能死搬教条，如果转述就在当天当地则不需要进行时间及地点的转换。
四、句型的变化
观察下列几组句子中直接引语和间接引语的转换中句型的变化规律，并试着总结归纳。
1. She said, “Our train will leave in severalminutes.”→ She said that their train wouldleave in several minutes.
2. He said, “Can you dance, Ted?”→ He asked Ted whether / if he coulddance.
3. “You have tidied your room, haven’t you?” my mother asked. → My mother asked mewhether I had tidied my room.
4. She asked me, “When will you start?”→ She asked me when I would start.
【自我归纳】
1. 直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由______（可省略）引导的宾语从句。
2. 直接引语如果是反意疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由______引导的宾语从句。
3. 直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，间接引语应改为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。
【即学即练】阅读下列几组直接引语变为间接引语的句子，判断其正（T）误（F）并改正其中的错误。
1. “What did you do yesterday, Jenny?” said themother.
→ The mother asked Jenny what she haddone the day before.
2. The little kid said, “How can I get that toy?”
→ The little kid asked how could heget that toy.
3. He said, “The Olympic Games are held every fouryears.”
→ He said that the Olympic Games wereheld every four years.
Key:
一、【自我归纳】主语；宾语；Mary；不需要变化
二、【即学即练】 1. had lost 2.hoped 3. would go
四、【自我归纳】 1. that 2.whether / if
【即学即练】
1. T。
2. F。how could he改为how he could
3. F。were改为are
⑶ 高一英语必修一重点语法
英语语法，本质上不分什么小学语法，中学语法，大学语法，这样分都是瞎搞，误人回子弟。
我们讲中文会分小学答语法，中学语法，大学语法吗？现在有的小学生的语言能力都像大人一样。小学生一样看红楼梦，看水浒。那国外的小学生不是也同样如此吗？
传统的语法教学把语法教的及其混乱和繁琐，毫无章法和体系，且错误百出，整个初高中阶段语法数十节课就可以学透的却折磨了学生数十年。
推荐华东理工大学的《英语思维：解密英语语法的原理》，该书是国内第一本系统讲解英语语法原理和思维内涵的书，是第一本从语言原理层面完整系统的呈现英语语法全貌和完整框架体系的书。该书纠正了传统英语教育的诸多谬误，理清了英语学习的脉络，呈现给读者一个完整系统的英语语法框架体系。
也可以看同名视频课程，短平快，十节课真正理解英语语法，适合那些英语语法混乱毫无章法同学，也适合那些英语还不错，但是没学透无体系遭遇瓶颈无法突破的同学，看完后，对英语的理解有脱胎换骨之感。
学透语法之后的英语继续学习，就可以通过精看美剧进行词汇的学习，听、说、读、写的锻炼。
利用高效系统建立起来的语法知识体系后，可以欣赏美剧、阅读新闻，交友娱乐，快乐的享受英语给你带来的乐趣。
⑷ 高一英语必修一重点短语和语法总结，2012年新一届的 第一单元单词如下 要正确的
attitude
to
encourage
sb
to
do
sth
be
disappointed
to
be
covered
by
...
:
由...承担/负担/支付复;被...掩护/报道/监视制/控制等等,表示抽象的概念,
后面接人,
机构,
或者组织.
be
covered
with
被…所覆盖,覆盖着,盖满…
⑸ 人教版高一英语必修一各个单元的语法知识点
一． 一般现在时
1. 表示主语现在所处的状态及其所具备的特征、性格、能力等
例如：I am a girl.
2. 表示习惯性、经常性的动作
例如：I usually go to bed at 9:00.
3. 标志性的词语
Always often sometimes now and then
4. 若助于为第三人称单数（he she it）则动词要用单三现
二． 现在进行时
1． 说话时正在进行的动作
例如：I am reading.
2.表示即将发生的动作，多用于go come start leave return arrive stay fly等词语之中，句子中常常有时间状语
例如：The plane is going to Beijing.
3.当句子中出现了always 、forever 、constantly 、continually 、
All the time等
例如：I am always thinking of you.
三． 倍数比较
1.A+系动词+倍数词+as+ adj \adv的原型+as+B
例如：The class is twice as big as that one.
2.A+系动词+倍数词+adj\adv的比较级+than+B
例如：The class is twice bigger than that class.
3.A+系动词+倍数词+the size\amount(数量)\ength\width\height
\depth\+of+B
例如：The class is twice the size of that class.
四． With的复合结构
1． With+宾语+宾语补足语
宾语补足语根据逻辑意义的不同可以是不同的词语，如形容词、现在分词、过去分词、副词、介词短语、不定式等，with在复合结构中常作状语
2.常用结构
○1with+宾语+doing
表主动与进行
例如：Tom was quite safe with Lucy standing behind him.
○2with+宾语+done
表被动与完成
例如：With all things she need bought,she went home.
○3with+宾语+to do
表将来
例如：With so many thing to deal with.
五． 现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时
1．基本表达式（I have been doing ）
I/ we/ you/ they have been doing sth.
he/ she/ it has been doing sth.
2．表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
中国有2000年的造纸历史。（动作还将继续下去）
I have been learning English since three years ago.
自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。（动作还将继续下去）
3．表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作。
We have been waiting for you for half an hour.
我们已经等你半个钟头了(人还没到，如同在电话里说的，还会继续等)
4．有些现在完成进行时的句子等同的句子。
例如：They have been living in this city for ten years.
They have lived in this city for ten years.
他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。
I have been working here for five years.
I have worked here for five years.
我在这里已经工作五年了。
5．大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。
例如：I have been writing a book.（动作还将继续下去）
我一直在写一本书。
I have written a book.（动作已经完成）
我已经写了一本书。
They have been building a bridge.
他们一直在造一座桥。
They have built a bridge.
他们造了一座桥。
6．表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。
例如：I have known him for years.
我认识他已经好几年了。
I have been knowing...
这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有：love爱，like喜欢， hate讨厌，等。
注意：比较过去时与现在完成时
1．过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2．过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
共同的时间状语:
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
现在完成时的时间状语
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
不确定的时间状语
3．现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
例如： I saw this film yesterday.
（强调看的动作发生过了。）
I have seen this film.
（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
Why did you get up so early?
（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
Who hasn't handed in his paper?
（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
She has returned from Paris.
她已从巴黎回来了。
She returned yesterday.
她是昨天回来了。
He has been in the League for three years.
(在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years.
(是团员的状态可持续)
He joined the League three years ago.
( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
I have finished my homework now.
---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
---He's already been sent for.
句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
六．过去完成时
1． 概念：表示过去的过去
其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2． 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3．过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
例如：He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
七．现在完成进行时
1．其构成形式如下：
I / we / they have been + 动词的现在分词
He / she / it has been + 动词的现在分词 功用如下：
2． 表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的行动，如：
Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.
Why are you clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?
3．表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的行动，如：
It has been raining for two hours. (现在还在下)
Jack hasn’t been feeling very well recently.
4． 表示一个从过去开始延续到现在，可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内，重复发生的行动，如：
She has been playing tennis since she was eight.
5． 现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响，而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身，如：
Tom’s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.
The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.
注意：
现在完成时有否定结构、而现在完成进行时没有否定结构。 现在完成时态可表示做完的时期以及已有的经验、但现在完成进行时不可以 现在完成进行时的否定结构 现在完成进行时有时也可用否定结构。
如： Since that unfortunate accident last week, I haven’t been sleeping at all well. 自从上周发生了那次不幸事故之后，我一直睡得很不好.
He hasn’t been working for me and I haven’t has that much contact with him. 他并没有给我工作过，我和他没有过那许多接触。
6．否定句构成：
主语+has/have+not+been+现在分词
7．一般疑问句构成:
Have/has+主语+been+现在分词+其他
⑹ 高一英语必修一知识点详细
英语学习所学的知识点比较细，比较杂，同学们要一个单词、一个短语、一个句子地逐个区分它们之间的差别和联系，这样才能应对高中英语的考试。所以同学们有必要对高中英语所学知识进行总结，方便大家知识的掌握。下面小编为大家提供高一英语必修一知识点总结，供大家参考。
高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析Unit1-2
☆重点句型☆
1.Whatshouldafriendbelike?询问对方的看法
2.Ithinkhe/sheshouldbe…表示个人观点的词语
3.Ienjoyreading/I'mfondofsinging/Ilikeplayingcomputergames.等表示喜好的词语
4..
“when"作并列连词的用法
5.What/Who/When/Whereisitthat...?强调句的
特殊疑问句结构
6.,
...“with+宾语+宾补”的结构做状语
7.Canyoutellmehowtopronounce...?带连接副词
(或代词)的不定式做宾补的用法
☆重点词汇☆
1.especiallyv.特别地
2.imaginev.想像
3.aloneadv./adj.单独，孤独的
4.interestn.兴趣
5.everydayadj.每天的，日常的
6.desertedadj.抛弃的
7.huntv.搜寻
8.sharev.分享
9.carev.在乎，关心
10.totaln.总数
11.majorityn.大多数
12.survivev.生存，活下来
13.adventuren.冒险
14.scaredadj.吓坏的
15.admitv.承认
16.whileconj.但是，而
17.boringadj.令人厌烦的
18.exceptprep.除……之外
19.qualityn.质量
20.favouriteadj.最喜爱的
☆重点短语☆
1.befondof爱好
2.treat…as…把……看作为……
3.makefriendswith与……交朋友
4.arguewithsb.about/oversth.与某人争论某事
5.huntfor寻找
6.inorderto为了
7.share…with与……分享
8.bringin引进;赚钱
9.agreat/goodmany许多…
⑺ 高一英语必修一知识点总结
人教版新课标高中英语必修一知识点归纳总结（按单元分） 新课标必修1 Unit1 Friendship 重点词组：
be good to 对….友好 add up 合计 another time 改时间 get sth done 使…被做 calm down 镇定下来 have got to 不得不 walk the dog 遛狗 make a list of 列出 hide away 躲藏；隐藏 be concerned about 关心；挂念 share sth with sb 和某人分享某物
go through 经历；仔细检查 set down 放下；记下 a series of 一系列；一套 be crazy about 对…着迷 on purpose 故意 in order to/ so as to 为了 face to face 面对面地 get along with 与…相处 pack up 收拾，打理行装
according to 按照；根据…所说 have trouble with sb/sth 同某人闹意见；做…有困难 communicate with sb 和…交际 throw away the friendship 放弃/终止友谊 try out 试验；试用 join in 参加（活动） far and wide 到处 look to sth 注意，留心某事 fall in love 相爱 ignorant of 无知的
cheat sb (out) of sth 骗取某人某物 have the/a habit of doing sth 有做…的习惯 句子归纳：
1.I wonder if… 我想知道是否….
2. It’s because… 这是因为…. 此从句中because不能用since或as 代替
3. What do you think a good friend should be like? 你认为一个好朋友应该是什么样的呢？
4. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. =While you were walking the dog, …在遛狗时，你不小心让狗挣脱了绳子，结果狗被车撞了。（当while, when, before, after 等引导的时间状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致时，可将从句中的主语和be动词省去。）
5. Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? 你想有一位无话不谈、能推心置腹的朋友吗？
6. I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我已经很久不能去户外，所以我变得对自然界的所有东西都很感兴趣。 7. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. 我记得非常清楚，曾有一段时间，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未使我心醉神迷过。 8. It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face. 这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。
9. I would be grateful if you could give me some advice. 如果您给我提些建议，我会非常感谢的。 （I would be grateful if… 委婉客气提出请求）
10. It’s a good habit for you to keep a diary. 记日记对你来说是个好习惯。 11. She found it difficult to settle and… 12. This series of readers is very interesting. 13. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
14. People are told that their actions should be as gentle as the wind that blows from the sea.
新课标必修1 Unit2 重点词组：
in…ways 在…方面 such as 例如 believe it or not 信不信由你 come up with 提出 come up to a place 参观某地 ever before 从前 even if/ though 即使 at the end of 在…末期 be based on 在...基础上 close to 距离…近 change…into 把…变成 in the early days 在早期 take…with…随身携带 the same…as 与…相同的 at present 目前
var cpro_psid ="u2572954"; var cpro_pswidth =966; var cpro_psheight =120;
be absent from 缺席 be present at 在席；出席 carry out a rule 执行规则 be a native of 是…人 at sb’s request 应某人的要求 have a command of掌握 make a request 请求 request that …(should)+v原形 in one direction 朝一个方向 give commands 命令 be different from 与…不同 i n the 1600’s = in the 1600s as a rule 通常；照例 be native to 是…的土产动物/植物 as we know 正如我们所知 an international language 一门国际语言 an international organization 一个国际组织 play a role/ part (in) 在…中担任角色；在…中起作用;扮演一个角色；参与 play an important role/ part 在…中起重要作用 because of 因为；由于 come up (vi) 走进；上来；发生；被讨论 make (good/ full) use of （好好/充分）利用
from one place to another 从一处到另一处 present sth to sb / present sb with sth 句子归纳：
1. However, they may not be able to understand everything. （然而，他们可能不是什么都懂。）
2. This is because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947. (这是因为英国于1765年到1947年统治过印度。)
3. All languages change when cultures communicate with one another. (当不同文化互相沟通时，所有的语言都会发生变化。) 4. What the British call “petrol” the Americans call “gas”.
(美国人把被英国人称作“petrol”的东西称作“gas”。 此处what引导宾语从句) 5. Actually, it was based more on German than present day English. (实际上，当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础的，而现代英语不是。)
6. …those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English. 7. The US is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken.
(in which= where, 其引导定语从句。 美国是一个大国，国内说着许许多多的方言。)