⑴ 英语8年级下学期语法
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⑵ 八年级英语下册语法
· 英语中部分否定的几种表示方法
· 由"I don't think..."句型说开去--试谈英语的否定转移
· 让名回词"动"起来
· 表达数目答和数量的特别方法
· 英语形容词的排列顺序
· 单音节形容词前能否用"MORE"和"MOST"修饰？
· 主动语态表示被动意义
· 谈another, other, more修饰数词的用法
· 冠词之差 意义有别
· Be＋不定式动词
· 进行时态表示的非进行意义
· 几种带有否定词的比较句型
· 通过比较级和最高级表示否定意义
等
⑶ 八年级下学期英语语法总结
Unit1
1
from
now
从现抄在开始
2
live
to
be加时间
某人活到多大岁数袭
3
in加时间长短与将来时连用，对他提问：How
soon...?
4
alone=by
oneself
独自
5more
casually
更随意
6
keep
doing
sth
一直做某事
7twenty
years
from
now=in
twenty
years
8job
interview
面试
9be
able
to加动原可能
去做某事
10
be
use
by
被...使用
11work
suit
工作服
12sience
fiction
movie(s)
科幻小说
13most
unpleasant
jobs
最使人讨厌的工作
14.different
shapes
不同的形状
15.get
bored
变得厌烦
16.sfter
an
earthquake
一场地震之后
17.~~~~~~~~~
妈妈呀~~~~~~~我自己都没这么认真地写过~~~~~~~不容易呀~~~~~~~那分~~~~~给我吧~~~~~~~~(*^__^*)
嘻嘻……
⑷ 八年级下学期英语语法
你好, 高兴为你解答, 英语八年级下语法.
总结：
◆
知识点：
1． 形容词，副词的比较等级考查热点透视：
a) 表示A与B在程度上相同时， “as+形容词或副词的原级+as”结构。表示A不如B时，可用“not as/so+形容词或副词的原级+as”结构。
b) 表示A比B在程度上“更…..”时，可用“形容词或副词的比较级+than”结构
c) 表示三者或三者以上的比较，其中一个在程度上“最…..”时，常用“the+形容词或副词的最高级”结构，后面可带“of/in的短语”来说明比较的范围。（注意：副词的最高级在句中常省略“the”.）
d) 在形容词或副词的比较级前，可以用“a little, even, far, much,still”的等词语来修饰，以加强语气。
e) 表示“越来越….”时，常用“形容词或副词的比较级+and+形容词或副词的比较级”结构，但要注意，对于多音节和部分双音节形容词，副词而言，若要表达此意时，要用“more and more+形容词或副词的原级“结构。
f) 在表示“其中最….之一“的含义时，常使用 “one of+the+形容词最高级形式+名词复数”结构，其中的定冠词the不可以省略。
g) 如果强调“两者中比较…的（一个）”的意思时，可使用“the+形容词比较级+其它”结构。
h) 表示“越….越….”, 可使用“the+形容词或副词的比较级，the+形容词或副词的比较级”结构。
2 .一般将来时
a) 一般将来时的构成：由助动词shall或will加动词原形构成，shall用于第一人称。在口语中，will在名词或代词后常简略为’ll， will not常简略为won’t。这个时态的肯定，否定和疑问结构可表示如下：
肯定句 否定句 疑问句
I (We)shall(will) go.
You(He, She, They) will go. I(We)shall(will) not go.
You(He, She, They)will not go. Shall I(we) go?
Will you (he, she, they) go?
用”be going to +动词原形”也可表示将来时，表示将要发生的事，打算或决定要做的事。
b)一般将来时的用法：1）表示将要发生的动作或情况；2） 不以人的意志为转移，肯定要发生的事情。The day after tomorrow will be National Day.后天是国庆日。
3. in/after:in是指以现在时间为起点的“在一段时间以后”。也可以表示“在将来多少时间之内”，句子中的谓语动词要用一般将来时态；after常指以过去时间为起点的“一段时间之后”，所以它与过去时态连用。当after指某个特定的未来时刻或日期之后，或指以将来某一时间为起点的若干时间之后时，它可以与将来时态连用。
4.more, less, fewer的用法区别：more为many, much的比较级，意为“更多”，可修饰可数与不可数名词。Less是little的比较级，意为“更好，较少”，修饰不可数名词。Fewer是few的比较级，意为“更少”，修饰可数名词复数。
【注意】few, little表示否定“几乎没有”。a few, a little表示肯定“一点，几个”。
5.would like sth意思为“想要某物“； would like to do意思为”想要做某事“。回答would like句型的一般疑问句时，其肯定回答为 “Yes, please.”;否定回答“No, thanks”或 “I’d like /love to, but….”
6. Such作形容词，意思是“如此的”“这样的”，修饰各种名词。
? Such这样的。如It is such bad weather.天气如此恶劣。
? Such常和as搭配，表示一种类别。如We enjoy such a voice as hers.我们喜欢象她那样的嗓子。
? Such常和表示结果的that从句搭配，表示“如此….以至于…”如
It was such a hot day that we all had to stay at home.
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⑸ 初二下学期英语语法
1 、宾语从句：
如果一个句子作为动词或介词的宾语，称为宾语从句。
（1） 如果一个特殊疑问句作某个动词或介词的宾语，一定要用其陈述的语序。如： they often ask him where he is from.. 不能说成： they often ask him where is he from.
（2） 某些特殊疑问句作宾语可以简写成“特殊疑问句 +to do” 的形式。例如： i am thinking about what to say < what i should say.> 我正在考虑我该说点儿什么。
练习：
一， 选择题；
( )1,thanks a lot for---------me about it. a.to tell b.tell c.telling d.told
( )2.best wishes-------your birthday. a. for b.to c.on d.in
( )3.in england, people usually call james jim-------. a.shortly
b.for short c.easy d.easily
( )4. mother with her three children-----------going shopping.
a.are b.is c.will d.were
( )5. march 8 th is-----------.a.the womens day b.the womans day
c.womens day d.women day
二， 改错题：
（ ） 1.every here like english very much.
a b c d
( )2.mr wu is going to want me to give a talk.
a b c d
( )3.in england, you never cant put their family name first.
a b c d
( )4.i dont know why do people call me jim.
a b c d
( )5.id like to buy something for mr wu in teachersday.
a b c d
三、 单项选择：
（ ） 1.best wishes---------teachersday. a.to b.for c.of d.with
( )2.thank you for english fun. a.make b.to make c.makes d.making
( )3.in england , people never use the first name their family name.
a.before. b.in front of c.with d.after
( )4.the teacher didnt teach us in the last lesson.
a.new anything b,new something c.anything new d.something new
( )5.everyone is here. nobody is-----------
a.not away b,away c.not out d.go
( )6.his friends call jim short. a.he, for b.him, for c.him,in d.her,for
( )7.would you like to give us a-----------?
a.talking b.talk c.to talk d.talks
( )8.come to my office after school, tom. lets a talk about your
lessons.
( )9.----hi, tom. how is your father? -----oh,----------------
a.he is not tall b. he doesnt feel well c.he is old d.he is a teacher
( )10.david william lewis is called when we meet him for
the first time.
a.dave b.david c.mr lewis d.mr willian
( )11.rober thomas brow is my very good friend, so i usually call
him-------
a.mr brown b.rober browm c.bob d.mr robert
( )12. something about your family, ok?
a.say b.tell c.speak d.talk
( )13.you can call me bob, you should never call me mr bob.
a.but b.or c.and d./
( )14.in china, the first name is name.thats different english name.
a .family, with b.given, from c.family, from d.given ,with
( )15,im very glad the news.
a.hear b.to hear c.listen dlistening
( ) 16.what about to the great wall hotel ?
a.go b.to go c.goes d.goin 语法 :
2. 一般将来时 : be going to 结构的用法 :
(1) 用 be going to+ 动词原形表示 ” 将要发生的事情或主观上打算 , 计划 , 决定要做的事 . 其后的时间状语通常为表示短期或近期含义的短语或表示固定时间的从句 . 如 :tomorrow morning,/tomorrow afternoon /tomorrow evening, next month /next week /next year /next saturday, this week /year/afternoon/saturday. 或者 when you grow up---------? 等等
(2) be going to 结构中 ,be 是助动词 , 要按句中主语的人称和数的变化而变化 . 其后要接动词的原形 . 该句的否定式是在 be 后面加 not, 其疑问式将 be 提到句首 . 如 :she is going to help her mother clean the house this sunday./we are going to watch tv tomorrow evening. /are they going to have a sports meeting next month.? /there is going to be
an english call tomorrow afternoon..
(3), 在英语中 , 表示位置转移的动词 , 如 :come, go, fly, drive, leave, stay, 等 , 可用现在进行时表示按计划或安排即将发生的事 , 不必用 be going to 结构 . 如 :she is flying to nanjing herself. 明天她一个人飞往南京 . are you driving home ? 你开车回家吗 ?
练习：
单项选择题：
（ ） 1.what are you going to do friday evening ? a.in b.on c.at d.of
( )2.do you have to do every day ?
a..much work b.many work c.much works d.many works
( )3.what about meat for supper ?
a.to buy some b.to buy any c.buying some d.buying any
( )4. ann her hair this saturday .
a.wash b.washes c. to wash d.is going to wash
( )5.my school is near. i like walking there.
a.too b.quite c.quiet d.so
( )6. these new shoes are for .
a.you and i b.i and you c.you and me d.me and you
( )7. would you like boating ?
a.go b.to go c.going d.to go to
( )8. why not there by bus ?
a.to go b.goes c. go d .going
( )9. are you free next saturday ? ------------------.
a.sure b.i think so c .nothing much d.why
( )10.i s li ming good singing ?
a.at b.in c.on d. for
( )11.i have some books .
a.read b.reading c.to read d.to reading
( )12.a.re you going to stay at school on may day ? no, im not. .
a.im going to home b.im home c.im going home d. i go to home
( )13. kate has good friends at school.
a.a quite lot of b,quite a lot of c.quite a lot d.a quite of
( )14. its five miles the farm the bus stop .
a.from , to b.to, from c.from , with d.from ,by
( )15. our teacher likes us english in the morning .
a.to read b.reading c.read d.reads
( )16. they are going to play football next friday.
a.on b./ c.in d.at
( )17. lets now .
a.going to the park b.to play games c.are singing d.have a rest
3 . 形容词的比较级和最高级的用法：
(1) 表示两者之间的比较时用比较级，常用于“比较级 +than ”结构。如：
this box is heavier than that one . 这个盒子比那个重。
he is much taller than i < am > ,< 口语一般用 me >. 他比我高很多。通常可用 much, a little , a lot , still , even 等词修饰比较级。还可以用“数词 + 名词”构成的名词短语表示确定的度量，来修饰比较级。如：
i am ten years older than my little brother. 我比我的小弟弟大了十岁。
(2) 表示三者或三者以上的比较时用最高级，常用于“最 -----“.
最高级的前面一般要加定冠词 the, 后面可带 of<in> 短语来说明比较的范围。如： the one with nuts is the nicest of all . 里面夹果仁的月饼是所有月饼中最好吃的。 li lei is the best at english in his class. 李雷在他们班英语学得最好。
此外，最高级还可以被序数词所修饰。如：
the yellow river is the second longest in china. 黄河是中国第二大长河。
一， 根据句意填入适当的词：
1,they are having tea the open air .
2,thank you very much your help.
3,would you like to come supper?
4,wu xia is the at chinese in her class.
5,this is a book many colour picture
6,our classroom is clean .it is cleaner yours.
7,this bottle is empty .may i have a one ?
8,what is the with your pen ? it is broken.
9, is the third season of a year.
二， 句子改写：
ma li lis ruler is longer than kates.( 变为一般疑问句 )
—— ma li lis ruler____,_____kates?
2,jims box is the heaviest of all.( 变为否定句 )
jims box _____the heaviest of all.
3,the black bag is the oldest of the four .( 对划线部分提问 )
_____ _____is the oldest of the four ?
4,li lei is thirteen. zhang hong is twelve.( 连成一句 )
li lei is one year____ _____zhang hong.
5,tom is the tallest boy in the class.( 同义句改写 )
tom is ____ than____ _____boy in the class.
6,he watches tv every evning.( 用 this evening 替换 every evening)
he _____ _____ _____ ______tv this evening.
三， 用所给的词的适当形式填空：
1,i have nothing_____(do) today.
2,is lucy running_____(slow) than lili ?
3,what kind of _____(ck) are you feeding now?
4,his hobby is____(is)an artist.
5,which do you think is______(beauty), the city or the country?
6can you hear something_______(sing) in the next room?
7,stop_____(play). now lets have our lesson.
8what _____(grow)on this farm?
9,now my brother is learning more about ______(draw).
10,riding a bike is much ______(easy).
四， 根据句意填上一个最恰当的词，使句子通顺，语法正确：
1,do you all agree____her? 2, the corn_____slowly.
3,i pick more pears than he_____. 4,why____come with us ?
5,which ____faster , a taxi or a bus ? 6,today she____to stay at
home. 7,my little dog is hungry. i must _____it.
8,my mother likes ____me some stories at weekend.
9,what are you going to do after you _____school?
10,i think the trees in shenyang is much fewer than____in dalia. 五，句型转换：
1,please walk guickly, or you will miss the train.
______ ______ _____walk guickly,you will miss the train.
2,do you have time this weekend? ____ you___this weekend?
3, lets have a rest ? ____ ____ ____a rest? ____ ____have a rest.
4, which is the way to the station, please ?
______ _____the station, please?
5,i dont know. i have _____ ______.
6,the post office is not inside the station.
the post office is______the station.
7,jim sits in front of bill. bill sits_____jim.
8,today some countries dont use animals to do farm work any more. today some countries____ _____use animals to do farm
work.
9,this pen is cheaper than any other one in the shop.
this pen is_____ ______in the shop.
五， 动词的适当形式填空：
1． listen! who______(sing) in the classroom?
2,may i_____(come)in? im sorry im late.
it_____(not, matter). come in ,please.
3.jim usually____(do) his homework at school,but he______
(do) it at home now .
4,we____(see)uncle wang tomorrow. would you like______
(go) with us ? 5,why not______(go) boating?
6.what about _______(go) on a picnic?
4 ．提建议的表达方法：
ⅰ、 shall i / we do( 动词原形 )------ ？表示“我 / 我们 ----- 好吗？” 例： shall we go to the zoo? 我们去动物园好吗？
ⅱ、 lets do( 动词原形 )------ 。表示“让我们做 ----- 吧”
例： lets make it half past one. 让我们定在一点半吧。
iii 、 why not do( 动词原形 )------ 表示“为什么不做 ----- 呢？”
例： why not give her some flowers? 为什么不送给她一些花呢？
5 ．怎样“表示需要”、“询问方向”和“指点方向”
i ．表示需要： 1.he needs some help . 2.you need a number 16 bus.
3.which number do i need ?
ii. 怎样“问路（询问方向）”：
1.e xcuse me. which is the way to the post office?
2.excuse me. can(could) you tell me the way to the park?
3.excuse me. can(could) you show me the way to the bookshop?
4.excuse me. do you know the way to the bank?
5.excuse me. how can i get to the farm ?
6.excuse me.can(could) you tell me how i can get to the hospital?
7.excuse me,can(could) you tell me where the theatre is?
8.excuse me.where is the nearest hospital, please?
iii. 怎样“指点道路”（指点方向）：
1 、 its over there on the right /left.
2 、 its next to /in front of /behind /outside the school.
3 、 walk along /do down this road.
4 、 take the first turning on the left /right.==turn left /right at the
first turning.
5、 ts about two hundred metres along on the left /right .
6、 ts about five kilometers away.
a) its about ten minutes ‘ walk from here.
b) the nearest is about three kilometers away. you need a no.1 bus.
c) take a no.3 bus on the right and get off at the sixth stop.
6. 序数词的用法：表示事物的顺序叫序数词。序数词往往与定冠词 the 连用。
（ 1 ）， 1----3 ，没有规律，要逐个记忆。
one first ; two second ; three third ;
(2). 4-----12. 有规律，其中 four, six , seven ,ten , eleven 是在基数词的后面加上 th, 而 five fifth , eight eighth , nine ninth , twelve twelfth 是没有规律，要逐个记忆。
(3). 13------20 有规律，是在基数词的后面加上 th 就行。
（ 4 ）。第二十至第九十的整十的倍数都是在基数词后将词尾的 -y 改为 i, 再加 -eth 构成的。
（ 5 ），十位以上的基数词变成序数词时，把个位数变成序数词即可，十位数不变。第一百、第一千、第一百万都是在基数词的后面直接加上 -th 构成。
（ 6 ），序数词的缩写形式是由阿拉伯数字加上序数词的最后两个字母构成。
附： 基数词变为序数词的口诀：
基变序，有规律，词尾加上 th ；
一、二、三，特殊记，词尾字母 t,d,d ;
八减 t , 九减 e, f 来把 ve 替；
单词 ty 作结尾， ty 变成 tie;
若是碰到几十几，只变个位就可以。
练习题：
一．听力： 20 分。 （四个类型）略。
二．笔试： 80 分。
《一》。 词汇：
a． 根据句子的意思及首字母提示，用适当的词填空：
1． w______back to school. 2.october comes after s_______.
3.there are many b______flowers in the park.
4.e______is the biggest animal on the land.
5.walk along this road, and take the fourth t_____on the right.
6.shall we meet o_____the school gate?
7.dont swim in the river. its d_______.
8.tigers usually live in the f______and the mountains.
9.its far from here.you had better c_____a bus .
d) thank you all the s______.
e) do you n____any help , miss black?
f) lets make it half past nine .no p_____.
g) this big box is too h______.i cant carry it .
h) jim often goes the w_____way .
i) i am very t______. shall i have a rest?
b. 按要求写出下列各词：
1. busy( 比较级 )______ 2.big( 最高级 )_______3.early( 比较级 )____4.nice( 最高级 )______5.beautiful( 比较级 )___________
6.good( 比较级 )______7.many( 最高级 )______8.slowly( 比较级 )_____9.five( 序数词 )_____10.one( 序数词 )_____11.two( 序数词 )_______12.three( 序数词 )______13.nine( 序数词 )______
14. twelve( 序数词 )_____15 .twenty( 序数词 )_____16. swim( 现在分词 )_____17. close( 形容词 )_____18. friend( 形容词 )______
19. wish( 复数 )______20. full( 反义词 )_____21. before( 反义词 )_____22. right( 同音词 )_____23. alse( 同义词 )______24. free( 反义词 )_____25. strong( 比较级 )______26.foot( 复数 )______27. run( 名词 )_____28. zoo( 复数 )_____29. play( 名词 )______30. quick( 副词 )______
c. 根据汉语提示，用单词的适当形式填空：
1． lucy is feeling much ______( 更好 )now.
2． this turkey ________( 尝起来 )fine.
2. miss li is __________( 讲 )children a story.
3. at night ,there are many ______( 星星 )in the sky.
4. he jumps_______( 最高 )at the sports meeting.
二．选择填空： 20 分。略。
三．改写句子：根据要求完成下列各句：
1. he is washing his clothes now.( 用 tomorrow 改写 )
he is _______ ______wash his clothes tomorrow.
2. he is taller than any other student in his class.( 变为同义句 )
he is______ _______in his class.
3. you had better go there on foot .( 改为否定句 )
you had ______ ______go there on foot.
4. they are going to leave on monday.( 划线部分提问 )
_______ _______they going to leave?
5. you usually come to school by bike.( 改为否定疑问句 )
_______you usually______to school by bike?
四．口语运用：从 b 栏中找出能与 a 栏配对的答语：
a b
( )1.what are you going to do next sunday? a.some bread.
( )2.shall we go to the zoo? b.some bread ,please.
( )3.when shall we meet? c.sorry ,im busy .
( )4.what about a quarter past ten ? d.nothing much.
( )5.what can you see on the table / e.at a quarter past ten.
( )6.what would you like ? f. no . lets make it a little earlier.
( )7.are you free tomorrow ? g.i think so.
( )8.could you go there with me tomorrow ? h.good idea.
( )9.what does it say ? i.dont feed the animals.
( )10. would you like to go to the cinema? j. yes, id love to.
五．动词填空：用所给的动词的适当形式填空：
1._______jim usually______(walk) to school ?
2.everyone _____( be) here. let the teacher ______(start) his lesson.
3.i have much homework________(do) and i must finish________(do)it first .
5. she usually ______(play) football on sundays,but now she _____(swim).
6. what ____he_________(do) tomorrow ?
六．补全对话：
a ; excuse me,______ _______a fruit shop near here ?
b; i am______i_______know. i am new here. you had better______that policeman_______there.
a; thank you ______the_____.
b:excuse me , ______the nearest fruit shop ,please?
c;sorry ,there isnt.
a:then ______ _______is the nearest one from here?
c: its_______seven kilometers________. you had better catch a bus.
a: which bus shall i take ,please ?
c: the no.105 bus. it will take you______there .
a; where is the bus stop ,please ?
c: go along this road , and then take the first turning on the right. you can see______in front of you .
a; thank you very much.
c: not at all.
七．看图完成对话：
kate: excuse me! _____can i
____ _____the nearest market ,please?
jill:_____ ______this street, and
______the third______on the ____.
then take the second turning on the _______.
its about _______ _____ _____along on the right.
kate: oh, i see. thanks a lot .
jill:its my pleasure.
八． 书面表达：
根据要求写一段对话：（看图写，不少与 50 个词）
henry is going to buy a dictionary.
he doesntknow the way to the bookshop .
so he asks sam to go with him .
but sam says he is busy. he shows henry
on the map .look at the map,and make a dialogue.
⑹ 八下英语语法总结简单易懂
八下英语语法
Unit 1
一般将来时
1．定义：表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态
2．肯定句式：主语+will/ shall/ be going to +动词原形
否定句式：主语+will/ shall +not或be not going to +动词原形
疑问句：Will/ Shall +主语+动词原形+其他？
Be +主语+going to +动词原形
3．标志词(时间状语)
tomorrow, in 2012, in +一段时间 (in three days, in five years), next month (week, year), later on, tomorrow morning 等。
*4．现在进行时表将来
come, go, fly, leave, arrive等短暂性动词用进行时表将来.
eg： We are leaving for Hong Kong next week.
Unit 2
情态动词
1. 用法：情态动词表示建议、要求、可能和意愿等。情态动词后面跟动词原形，情态动词没有人称和数的变化。常用的情态动词有：can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would, need等。
2. should的用法
a. should作为助动词shall的过去式，可以在间接引语中与第一人称主语搭配，表示过去将来时间。
b. should作为情态动词，通常用来表示现在或将来的责任或义务，意为“应该”、“应当”，这时它可以和ought to, be supposed to互换使用，可用于各种时态。
3. 情态动词could表示“建议”时不是can的过去式，而表示比can更加委婉的建议。
4. 情态动词can, could, shall, should还可以表示“请求，许可”。shall 和should用于第一人称，表示征求对方的建议或意见。
Unit 3
过去进行时
1. （1）定义：表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在发生或进行的动作，常与表示过去某一时刻的时间状语连用。
（2）结构：was/ were +doing
（3）标志词：at this time yesterday, at 8 yesterday morning，有时与when或while引导的时间状语从句连用等。
（4）过去进行时态与一般过去时态的区别：
a. 一般过去时态表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。
b. 过去进行时态强调过去某一时间正在进行的动作。
2. when 和 while的用法
（1）when一般指时间点，从句中的谓语动词用终止性动词，但也可以跟时间段，这时从句中的谓语动词要用延续性动词。
eg：When I arrived there, it was raining.
(2 ) while意为“正在……时”，表示在某一段时间内某动作或状态是延续的，后面只能跟时间段，而不能用时间点，所以while引导的从句中的谓语动词用延续性动词。
eg：The dog ran out while we were talking.
(3 ) when引导的从句的动作和主句的动作既可以同时发生，也可以先后发生；而while强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。
Unit 4
直接引语、间接引语
1. 步骤：（1）不要“，”“：”“ “ ” ”
（2）要考虑到人称的变化
（3）要考虑时态的变化
（4）要考虑时间状语、地点状语、指示代词的变化
（5）直接引语变为间接引语后，都要使用陈述句语序
2. 直接引语变成间接引语时，要把原来的时态向前推移，几个主要时态的变化规律有：
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
一般过去时（客观真理除外）
一般将来时
过去将来时
现在进行时
过去进行时
3. 直接引语变为间接引语后，所用的连接词是不同的
（1）陈述句用that连接，that可省略
（2）一般疑问句用if 或whether引导
（3）特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词引导
Unit 5
条件状语从句
1. 表示“如果……”“在某种条件下，会……”
2. 时态
一般主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时。
主句用过去将来时，从句用一般过去时。
*3. if 与whether 引导条件状语从句时，一般可互换，但也有区别：
（1）引导主语从句，而且放于句首时，必须用whether
（2）引导表语从句时，必须用whether
（3）whether与or not 连用
（4）动词不定式之前必须用whether
（5）介词之后必须用whether
Unit 6
现在完成进行时
1. 定义：表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在的动作。这个动作可能刚刚开始，也可能仍在继续，并可能延续到将来。
2. 结构：have/ has been +现在分词
3. 标志词：for two weeks, since 2000, all this morning, these few years 等。
*4. since 与 for 用于现在完成进行时的区别：
since用来说明动作的起始时间，所以后跟表示某一时间点的名词性短语
for用来说明动作延续时间，所以后跟表示一段时间的名词性短语
5. 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别
a. 现在完成时强调动作的完成情况
b. 现在完成进行时侧重强调动作的持续性
Unit 8
感叹句
what引导名词，how引导形容词或副词。
句式：What + a/an +形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语 ！
What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数/ 不可数名词 +主语 +谓语 ！
How + 形容词/ 副词 +主语 +谓语！
Unit 9
现在完成时
1. 用法：（1） 在未指明具体时间的情况下，现在完成时动词通常可以表示在说话之前已经完成，而后果或影响至今仍存在的动作。
（2） 开始于过去持续到现在（也许还会继续进行下去）的动作或状态。
2. 肯定句式：主语 +have/ has +done
否定句式：主语 + have/has +not+ done
疑问句：Have/ Has +主语 +done ?
3. 标志词：already, never, ever, just, before, yet
*4. come, go, leave, arrive, buy, lose, receive, join, die, bury, marry等动词所表示的动作是一时的，不能延续的，所以不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。但是这些词用于否定句则可与表示持续的时间状语连用，即动作的不发生是可以持续的。
Unit 10
1.祈使句。祈使句后一般加上will you或won't you构成反意疑问句，用will you 多表示“请求”，用won't you 多表示提醒对方注意。如：
Let引导的祈使句有两种情况：
1) Let's...,后的反意疑问句用shall we或shan't we。
2)Let us/me...后的反意疑问句用will you或won't you。
3）祈使句都用will you 或won’t you
2.当陈述部分含I think (believe, suppose...)that... 结构时，其反意疑问句须与从句的主、谓语保持一致，注意主句的主语必须是第一人称。
3.当陈述部分含有以下这些含有否定意义的词时：few, little, seldom，hardly, never, not, no, no one, nobody, nothing, none, neither等，其反意疑问句需用肯定结构。
4.陈述部分的主语是everything, nothing, anything或something 时，反意疑问句的主语应用代词it。
5.陈述部分是there be句型时，其反意疑问句中要用there。
6.陈述部分有had better时，反意疑问句中要用hadn't。
7.当陈述部分含有情态动词must时，我们便要分析一下must的含义。如果must 作“一定；要；必须”讲，反意疑问句须用mustn't或needn't；而当must作推测意义“一定是；必定”讲时，反意疑问句则需根据must后的动词原形选用相应的形式-
⑺ 初二下半学期英语语法知识点
词组：
八年级下 Unit1
1. 免费 be free
3. 活到200岁 live to be 200 years old
5. 更少的污染 less pollution
7. 更少地使用地铁 use the subway less
9. 更多的高楼 more tall buildings
11. 十年后 in ten years
13. 住的地方 places to live
15. 住在太空站 live on the space station
17. 住在公寓 live in an apartment
19. 一个人住 live alone/by oneself
21. 去滑冰 go skating
23. 看起来很时髦 look smart
25. 穿着随意 dress casually
27. 实现 come true
29. 在未来 in the future
八年级下 Unit 2
argued with sb. 与某人生气
have an argument with sb.与某人生气
out of style 不时髦的
in style 时髦的
keep out 不让……进入
call sb. up 打电话给……
on the phone 用电话交谈
pay for 付款
part-time job 兼职工作
Teen Talk 青少年论坛
the same as 与…同样的
get on 相处
as much as possible 尽可能多
all kinds of 各种
on the other hand一方面
borrow sth. from sb.向某人借某物
found out 找出
is popular at school 在学校受欢迎
except me 除了我
have a quick supper 去吃快餐
not……until 直到……才
try to do 试着去做
complain about doing sth.抱怨做某事
seem to do
comparing…with 把…与…做比较
think for 为…着想
find it +adj.+to do sth.发现做某事很怎样
learn to do 学会做某事
八年级下 Unit 3
barber shop 理发店
get out 出去
take off 起飞
train station 火车站
come in 进来
Beijing International Airport北京国际机场
hear about 听说
take place 发生
World Trade Center世界贸易中心
as…as 和…一样
in front of 在…的前面
clean my room打扫我的房间
sleep late 睡懒觉
make a smooth做思木西
cook dinner 做晚饭
eat lunch 吃中午饭
cut hair 剪头发
have…experience有…经历
in the morning 在早晨
walk down 走下来
very surprised 非常惊奇
souvenir shop 纪念品商店
TV station 电视台
in the museum 在博物馆
climb a tree 爬树
jump down 跳下
take a photo 照相
called the police报警
rode his bicycle 骑自行车
buy a newspaper买一份报纸
run away 逃跑
think about 考虑…做某事
for example 举例子
heard about 听说
having fun 玩的高兴
in silence 在…
told us 告诉我们
in space 在太空
over the world遍及全世界
became famous因…而出名
next to 挨着
1. arrive at/in
2. a TV reporter
3. in front of
4. in the front of
5. get out of
6. sleep late
7. in(at) the library
8. the Museum of Flight
9. buy a souvenir
10. call the police
11. call the TV station
12. call the newspaper
13. take off
14. an unusual experience
15. jump down from
16. take photos of
17. too scared
18. walk to school
19. in the tree
20. on the tree
21. police officer
22. at the doctor’s
23. go shopping( do some shopping)
24. a barber shop
25. on/in the playground
26. ten minutes ago
27. in silence
28. keep silent/quiet
29. take place
30. become a national hero
31. become/be famous for
32. become/be famous as
33. all over the world (in the world)
34. in turn
35. have fun (enjoy oneself)
36. on the moon
37. be murdered
38. be destroyed
39. on this day
40. hear about/of
41. be born
42. cut hair ( have one’s cut)
八年级下 Unit 5
Have a great time玩的高兴
let in ` ```进来
stay at home 呆在家
Help sb. (to) do sth..帮助某人做某事
take away 拿走
ask sb. To sth
At the party 在晚会上
go to college 去大学
be\become famous变的有名
Travel around the world环游世界
make money 挣钱
work hard 努力工作
A professional soccer player
一名职业足球运动员
seem like 看起来像
Make a living 谋生
all over the world世界各地
give money to 捐钱
All the time 一直
for a living 为``````谋生
get injured 受伤
in fact 事实上
Be able to 能够
be going to
spend time 消磨时间
too much 太多
laugh at 笑话某人
go back
In order 为了``````
八年级下 Unit 9
be late for 迟到
look like 看起来象
in order 按顺序
by noon 到中午为止
on the weekend 在周末
have a good day!玩的愉快
looking through 浏览
waiting inline 排队
really low 降低
tell sb. about yourself告诉某人有关你的事
a ball game fan 球迷
be friendly to sb.对某人友好
feel like 感觉像
a friend like you 像你一样的朋友
get along 相处
thanks for 因……而感谢
ask sb. To do sth.要求某人做某事
go with me 和我一起去
think of 想起
leave early 早早离开
at least 至少
be careful 小心
八年纪 下册 Unit 10
most of 大多数
make sb. Laugh让某人笑
like to do 喜欢做某事
like doing
both like 都喜欢
the same like 和``````一样
for me 对我来说
get the job 上班
enjoy doing sth
make sb. do sth
want sb. to do sth.
let sb. to do sth.
take spend cost：
take spend cost 区别的用法都可以表示“花费”，但用法却不尽相同。
spend的主语必须是人， 常用于以下结构：
(1) spend time ／money on sth. 在……上花费时间（金钱）。例：I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。
(2) spend time ／ money (in) doing sth. 花费时间（金钱）做某事。例：They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
(3)spend money for sth. 花钱买……。例：His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。
cost的主语是物或某种活动， 还可以表示“值”， 常见用法如下：
(1)sth. costs (sb.) ＋金钱,某物花了（某人）多少钱。例：A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。
(2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) ＋时间,某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间。例：Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。
注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。
take后面常跟双宾语， 常见用法有以下几种：
(1) It takes sb. ＋时间＋to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。例：It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。
(2)doing sth. takes sb. ＋时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。例：Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。 希望能帮到你，虽然你只要语法总结，但是我把词组总结也给你了，应该能用到\(^o^)/~
⑻ 八年级下册英语学过的所有语法总结！
人教版新目标8年级下英语语法重点
Unit
1
Will
people
have
robots?
重点语法：一般将来时态的应用
Unit
2
What
should
I
do?
重点语法：过去将来时态（将来时态的委婉说法）
Unit
3
What
were
you
doing
when
the
UFO
arrived?
重点语法：过去进行时态
Unit
4
He
said
I
was
hard-working.
重点语法：宾语从句
Unit
5
If
you
go
to
the
party,
you'll
have
a
great
time!
重点语法：if
引导的条件状语从句
Unit
6
How
long
have
you
been
collecting
shells?
重点语法：现在完成进行时态
Unit
7
Would
you
mind
turning
down
the
music?
重点语法：mind
[one's]
doing
sth.
介意（某人）做某事
Unit
8
Why
don't
you
get
her
a
scarf?
重点语法：询问别人为什么要做或者不做某事
Unit
9
Have
you
ever
been
to
an
amusement?
重点语法：现在完成时态
Unit
10
It's
a
nice
day,
isn't
it?
重点语法：反意疑问句
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⑼ 八年级下学期英语每单元重点语法列出来
1. 一般将来时 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。例如：He will come to see you next month.他下个月将会来看你。Will people use money in five hundred years?500年后人们用钱吗？2. 委婉建议用should should作为情态动词，可用于各种人称，意为“应该”，用于表示劝告、建议等，其否定形式为shouldn’t。例如：You should write a letter to your mother.你应该给你妈妈写封信。He shouldn’t drink and drive.他不应该酒后驾车。3. 过去进行时 表示在过去某个时间正在进行的动作或过去某一阶段一直进行的动作。例如：—What were you doing when your mother came in? 你妈妈进来时你正在干什么？—I was playing computer games. 我正在玩电脑游戏。4. 直接引语与间接引语 直接引语指直接引述别人的原话，而间接引语则指用自己的话转述别人的话。直接引语变间接引语时，要注意在人称和时态上作适当的调整。例如：He said, “I will fly to Paris tomorrow.”→ He said that he would fly to Paris tomorrow / the next day.Mr.81 回答采纳率:20.1% 2010-06-06 14:23 楼主，您好Unit 11. Words &phrases: how often , hardly , twice , once , difference , look after , although ,etc .2. Learn to talk about how often do you do things .3. 一些表示频率的副词: always , usually , often , never , hardly ever , sometimes .4. 句子结构: What do you usually do on weekends ?How often ··· ?及回答. how often引起的特殊疑问句及回答.2. “be good for” means :有益于…，对…有好处.Unit 2Unit 31. Words & phrases: babysit ,get back , fishing , rent , think about , decide(on) , tourist etc.2. How to talk about future plans .3. 现在进行时表示将来计划或行动.4. 特殊疑问句（where , when , how long引导）Important and difficult points :Drills :What are you doing for vacation ?I’m watching TV .When are you going ?I’m going … .How long are you staying ?We’re staying for five days .Unit 41. Words & phrases: get to , how far , bicycle , subway , minute , mile , bus stop .2. Talk about how to get to places (谈论出行方式)take the bus /subway /train /taxi , ride a bike /walk .3. how引导的特殊疑问句，表示乘坐何种交通工具的方式.how far ,how long 引导的特殊疑问句.4. 基数词及时间的表示方法.how /how far /how long 引导的特殊疑问句.乘坐交通工具的表示方法.It takes /will take/took sb some time to do sth .使用how many 和how much 分别对可数名词和不可数名词的量提问.情感目标:培养学生热爱劳动的习惯.掌握由there be 结构和行为动词构成的一般过去时.掌握规则和不规则动词的过去时.掌握一般过去时态的以how long , when , where 等疑问词开头的特殊疑问句.掌握一般将来时的用法. be going to 的用法.Could you please + do sth ?Could you + do sth ?有礼貌地提出请求.掌握一些形容词的比较级和最高级.特殊形容词的比较级和最高级：一、比较级的定义：大多数的形容词都有三个级别：原级、比较级、最高级。其中比较级表示“更……”，用于两者之间的比较，用来说明“前者比后者更……”，比较级前面一般用much, even, a little修饰，其中even, much 只能修饰比较级。二、比较级的构成：（1）规则变化：①单音节和部分双音节的形容词一般在词尾加-erEg: calm---calmer tall---taller smart---smarter②以字母e结尾的直接在词尾加-rEg: nice---nicer fine---finer large---larger③以“辅音+y 结尾的词，变y为 i，再加-er”Eg: early---earlier happy---happier busy---busier④以重读闭音节的单个辅音字母结尾的词，双写辅音字母，再加-erEg: big---bigger thin---thinner hot---hotter⑤多音节或部分双音节的形容词在原级前面加moreEg: popular---more popular important---more important（2）不规则变化：少数形容词的比较级变化是不规则的：good---better bad/ill---worse many/much---morelittle---less far---farther/further old---older/elder三、比较级的用法:(一)当两个人或事物（A和B）进行比较时，我们需要用到形容词（副词）的原级或者比较级1． 表达“A和B一样”，用as…as的结构。公式: A+be动词+as+形容词原级+as…+BA+实义动词+as+副词原级+as…+BEg I am as tall as you.我和你一样高。He runs as fast as I. 他跑得和我一样快。2．表达“A不如B”用not as…as的结构。公式: A+be动词的否定形式+as+形容词原级+as…+BA+助词的否定形式+动词+as+形容词原级+as…+BEg I am not as tall as you.我没有你高。He doesn’t run as fast as I. 他没有我跑得快。2． 表达“A大于B”用“比较级+than”的结构。公式: A+be动词+形容词比较级+than+B…A+实义动词+副词比较级+than+B…Eg I am taller than you.我比你高。He runs faster than I. 他跑得比我快。(二)关于形容词、副词比较级的更多用法1．比较级前面可以加上表示“优劣程度”的词或短语，意思是“更…”，“…得…”。常见词有much, a little, even, a lot, a great deal等。Eg He is much taller than I.他比我要高得多。I jump a little higher than he.我跳得比他高一点点。想一想，这些词能修饰形容词或副词的原级吗？2.比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”，“小多少”，“长多少”，“短多少”等。Eg I am two years older than he.我比他大两岁。This building is 20 meters higher than that one.3．“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。 It is getting warmer and warmer．天气越来越暖和。He is running faster and faster．他跑得越来越快。0ur country is becoming more and more beautiful．我们祖国越来越美了。4．“the more…， the more…”表示“越……，就越……”，The more，the better.多多益善。The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make.你越细心，犯错就越少。5．“the more…of the two…”表示“两个当中较。。。的一个”The taller of the two boys is my brother.四、当三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较时，我们需要用到形容词（副词）的最高级1．表达“…是…中最…的”,用“the+形容词（副词）的最高级”的结构。后面可以加上表示范围的介词短语或从句。公式：主语+be动词+the +形容词最高级+（名词）+表示范围的介词短语或从句主语+实义动词+（the） +形容词最高级+表示范围的介词短语或从句Eg He is the tallest (student) in our class. He jumps the highest of the three boys.This is the best book that I have ever read.2．表示“最…的…中一个”，用“one of +the +最高级+复数名词”的结构来表达。Eg He is one of the best students in our class.他是我们班最好的学生之一。This is one of the most beautiful flowers in the garden.这是花园里最漂亮的花之。注意：(一) 形容词的最高级前面有定冠词the , 而副词的最高级前面定冠词the可以省略。但在形容词最高级前有物主代词时，不能要定冠词the.（二）常见的用来表示范围的介词有in, of, among五、运用形容词、副词比较级应当注意的问题： (一)、按语法规则，than后面的人称代词应当用主格，但口语当中有时会用宾格代替主格。 Eg He is more careful than I (me).(二)、只有同类的事物才能比较 e.g Her bag is bigger than mine. 不能说 Her bag is bigger than I.The weather of Kunming is much better than that of Shenyang.谢谢采纳！