① 英语:真实条件句和虚拟条件句的相关语法
1. If it rains tomorrow, we'll stay home.
2. If I were you, I would surely work harder and be better.
句1为真实条件句,所述条件是有可能发生,“如果明天下雨,我专们就待在家里。”
句2为非真属实条件句,所述条件一般是不可能发生“如果我是你,我就会更加努力、做得更好。”真实条件句可以参考语法知识“条件状语从句”部分;而非真实条件句可以参考“虚拟语气在条件句中的用法”。
谢谢象牙大姐的指正!
② 英语语法
条件状语从句
连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。
unless = if not. 例如:
Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired. 如果不太累,我们去散散步。
If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.
典型例题
You will be late ___ you leave immediately.
A. unless B. until C. if D. or
答案A。句意:除非你立即走,否则你就回迟到的。可转化为 If you dong leave immediately, you will be late。B、D句意不对,or表转折,句子如为 You leave immediately or you will be late.
if, whether引导的名词从句
1)yes-no型疑问从句
从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的,因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句,其功能和wh-从句的功能相同。例如:
主语:Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有等证实。
宾语:Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。
表语:The point is whether we should lend him the money. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。
同位语:They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他们调查他是否值得信赖。
形容词宾语: She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她怀疑我们是否能够前来。
介词宾语: I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。
2)选择性疑问从句
选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whethe…or not构成。例如:
Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。
I don't care whether you like the plan or not. 我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。
虚拟语气:
真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况有可能发生。各种结构参见下表:
句型
条件从句
主句
一般现在时
shall/will + 动词原形
祈使句
情态动词一般现在时
例如:If he comes, he will bring his violin. 如果他来,会带小提琴来的。
典型例题
The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained
答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。
注意:
1)在真实条件句中,主句不能用be going to表示将来,该用shall, will.
(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.
(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.
2)表示真理时,主句谓语动词不用shall (will) +动词原形,而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。
真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况有可能发生。各种结构参见下表:
句型
条件从句
主句
一般现在时
shall/will + 动词原形
祈使句
情态动词一般现在时
例如:If he comes, he will bring his violin. 如果他来,会带小提琴来的。
典型例题
The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained
答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。
注意:
1)在真实条件句中,主句不能用be going to表示将来,该用shall, will.
(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.
(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.
2)表示真理时,主句谓语动词不用shall (will) +动词原形,而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。
真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况有可能发生。各种结构参见下表:
句型
条件从句
主句
一般现在时
shall/will + 动词原形
祈使句
情态动词一般现在时
例如:If he comes, he will bring his violin. 如果他来,会带小提琴来的。
典型例题
The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained
答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。
注意:
1)在真实条件句中,主句不能用be going to表示将来,该用shall, will.
(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.
(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.
2)表示真理时,主句谓语动词不用shall (will) +动词原形,而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。
非真实条件句
1)虚拟语气可以表示过去,现在和将来的情况,时态的基本特点是时态往后推移。
a. 与现在事实相反的假设
条件从句
主句
一般过去时(be用were)
should(would)等 +动词原形
例如:If they were here, they would help you. 如果他们在这儿,会帮助你的。
含义:They are not here, they can’t help you.
b. 与过去事实相反的假设
条件从句
主句
过去完成时
should(would)等+ have+ 过去分词
例如:If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.如果他昨天来的话,我会把这件事告诉他的。
含义:He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.
c. 表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想
条件从句
主句
一般过去时
should/would等 + 动词原形
were+ 不定式
should+ 动词原形
例如:If you succeeded, everything would be all right. 如果你将来成功了,一切都会好的。
If you should succeed, everything would be all right.
If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.
含义:You are not likely to succeed, everything will be what it is now.
混合条件句
有时,主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这种条件句叫做混合条件句。例如:
If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 如果你昨天问过他,今天就知道做什么了。
(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。)
If it had rained last night(过去), it would be very cold today (现在).如果昨晚下过雨,今天就会很冷了。
虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were, should, 或had时, 可省略if,再把were, should或had 移到从句的句首,实行倒装。例如:
Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us.他们现在在的话,就会帮助我们了。
Had you come earlier, you would have met him. =If you had come earlier, you would have met him.你来得早一点,就碰到他了。
Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.假如下雨,庄稼就有救了。
注意:在虚拟语气的从句中,动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were",不用was,即在从句中be用were代替。例如:
If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你,就会去找他。
If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿,一切都会好的。
典型例题
_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I
答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词,通常将if省略,主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do, 而不能说 Weren't I to do。
特殊的虚拟语气词should
1)在主语从句中的应用
It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…等结构的主语从句,谓语动词用should 加动词原形,should 可省略。
It is
可用的词有三类
that
(should)do
suggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded, requested, insisted等
important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange等
a pity, a shame, no wonder等
2)在宾语从句中的应用
在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中,像order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do等。例如:
I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. 我建议下周召开个会议。
He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.他要求被派到那儿去。
注意:如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时",即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时,宾语从句用陈述语气。
判断改错: (错) You pale face suggests that you(should)be ill.
(对) Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
(错) I insisted that you(should)be wrong.
(对) I insisted that you were wrong.
3)在表语从句,同位语从句中的应用
suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即(should)+动词原形。例如:
My idea is that we(should)get more people to attend the conference.我的想法是让更多的人来参加会议。
I make a proposal that we(should)hold a meeting next week.我提了个建议,下周我们开个会。
wish的用法
1)wish后面的从句,表示与事实相反的情况,或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为:
主句
从句
从句动作先于主句动词动作(be的过去式为 were)
现在时
过去时
从句动作与主句动作同时发生(had + 过去分词)
过去时
过去完成时
将来不大可能实现的愿望
将来时
would/could +动词原形
例如:I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一样高。
He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲过那样的话。
I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。
2)wish to do;wish sb / sth to do。例如:
I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. 我希望见一见经理。
I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.)我希望经理能马上得到消息。
比较if only与only if
only if表示"只有";if only则表示"如果……就好了"。If only也可用于陈述语气。例如:
I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了,我才会醒。
If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响就好了。
If only he comes early. 但愿他早点回来。
It is (high) time that
It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形,但should不可省略。例如:
It is time that the children went to bed. 孩子们该睡觉了。
It is high time that the children should go to bed.
need "不必做"和"本不必做"
didn't need to do表示过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。
needn't have done表示过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。例如:
John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didn't need to walk back home.
约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她不必步行回家了。
John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she needn't have walked back home.
约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她本不必步行回家了。 (Mary步行回家了,没有遇上John的车。)
典型例题
There was plenty of time. She ___.
A. mustn't have hurried B. couldn't have hurried C. must not hurry D. needn't have hurried
答案D。needn't have done. 意为"本不必",即已经做了某事,而时实际上不必要。
Mustn't have done 用法不正确,对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn't have done, "不可能已经"。 must not do 不可以(用于一般现在时)。
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以上内容来自下面的英语语法软件,更多知识下载解压即可参考
限时英语(初中英语学习软件)V6.3
http://www.mydown.com/soft/other/english/56/439056.shtml
③ 【英语语法:新概念】if引导的条件句(三种情况都要讲出来)
你好!
if
如果是条件,主将从现,主祈从现,主情从现
这是我的老师总结的
也就是不管主句是什么时态,从句都是一般现在时
主句有三种情况,将来时,祈使句,情态动词
仅代表个人观点,不喜勿喷,谢谢。
④ 求问英语真实条件句和非真实条件句的详细语法!顺便讲解下!
真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况可能发生,其中 if 是如果的意思。
真实条件句
时态关系:
(1)当主句为一般将来时,条件从句用一般现在时表示一般将来的动作。
如:We shall go out when you finish your holiday homework.
(2)当主句为过去将来时,从句用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。
如:I would not go with you if it rained the next day.
(3)现在进行时可在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。
如:Wake me up if I am still sleeping at 7.
(4)当主句为一般将来时,由as soon as,after,before,till/untill,when,if等引出的状语从句常用现在完
成体表示将来完成的动作。
如:I will help you as soon as I have finished my homework.
非真实条件句
1)时态:可以表示过去,现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。
a. 同现在事实相反的假设。
一般过去时should( would) +动词原形
If they were here, they would help you. 如果他们在,他们就会帮你了(事实是他们不在)
b. 表示与过去事实相反的假设。
过去完成时 should(would) have+ 过去分词
If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded. 和第一个理解起来差不多,只是一个是
和现在相反,一个是过去相反,必须要看清楚
c. 表示对将来的假想,与现在的现实相反
一般过去时 should+ 动词原形
were+ 不定式 would + 动词原形 should+ 动词原形
If you succeeded, everything would be all right.
If you should succeed, everything would be all right.
If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.
大部分取自网上,已经将重点列出来了
非真实条件句又称作虚拟语气,要想熟练操作还是需要多做题目的。
⑤ 怎样区分英语语法中的if条件句是真实条件句还是非真实条件句
你好,很高兴为你作答:
条件句可分为真实条件句和非真实条件句。真实条件句表示句专子所描述的事件是属事实或在说话人看来可能实现的事情。非真实条件句表示的条件与事实相反或不大可能实现的事情,即我们所说的虚拟语气。
第一个例子if he comes, he will call me. 这句话中就是在陈述事实表达他会来,只是他来的时候肯定会通我。这就是真实条件句 而且要遵循主将从副的原则。
第二个例子if i were you, i would hit him.我要是你,我就打他了。 很明显我不可能是你,这就是非真实性的条件句。就要遵循虚拟语气的一些原则。
希望对你有帮助,有问题的话可以在Hi我~
⑥ 【英语语法:新概念】if引导的条件句(三种情况都要讲出来)
楼主,你说的是不是虚拟语气呀?
含有if条件句的虚拟语气的构成如下:
1) 对现在虚拟: 条件句:一般过去时, 主句:could/would/should/ought to/might+动词原形
例:if he were here now, we could have a meeting. 如果现在他在这儿,我们就可以开会了。(注意用的是he were。he was也可以,不过虚拟语气里be动词规范的用法还是多以were的形式出现 )
2)对过去虚拟: 条件句: 过去完成时,主句:could/would/should/ought to/might have done
例: if he had taken my advice, he shouldn't have failed in the exam. 如果他听从我的建议,他考试就不会不及格。
3)对将来虚拟: 条件句:(1)were to do (2) should do (3)一般过去时 主句:could/would/should/ought to/might +动词原形
例: If i had time/were to have time/should have time, I would visit my parents tomorrow. 如果我明天有时间,我就去看望我的父母
⑦ 怎样区分英语语法中的if条件句是真实条件句还是非真实条件句
这个很简单,与现在事实相同的为真实条件句,与现在事实相反的为非真实条版件句.
如:If
he
doesn’t
hurry
up,
he
will
miss
the
bus.
如果他不权快点,他将错过巴士。(这是真实条件状语)
又如:If
there
were
no
air,
people
would
die.
如果没有空气,人就会死亡。(这是非真实条件状语从句)
⑧ 日语语法条件句 谢谢大家
1この薬を饮むとbいつも眠くなります。
前项和后项为同一主体的动作继起时,回用と答
2この薬を饮めばc治るでしょう。
用于表示事物的真理和自然规律的“恒常条件”时,一般用ば和と
3この薬饮むならa食前がいいですよ
前项是听话者将要进行的动作或可能作到的事情,后项是说话人的命令、劝诱、希望等意志句时,只能用なら。此时前后两个动作的时间关系是:后项先干,前项后干。
4この薬饮んだらdどうですか
疑问句中,多用たら、有时也用ば、但用得较少,不用と、なら
⑨ 英语语法大神请帮助:虚拟语气和if条件句怎么区别
虚拟语气所讲的情况通常是和实际情况相反的,如果是将来的情况那是指可能版性微乎其微的。陈述语气权指的是真实的可能性很大的情况。If he were here,he wouldn't have let this happen。如果他在这,他是不会让这种事情发生的。(实际情况是他根本不在这,而事情已经发生了。应从反面理解虚拟语气)
If you want to come,I‘ll always welcome。这是陈述语气,按我们平时的理解就行了。它时态必须采用主将从现。
⑩ 我对英语语法里的非真实条件句有疑问, 同现在事实相反的假设,这类句子的句型是什么样的
句型 是条件从句和主句
一般过去时should( would) +动词原形
比如 If they were here, they would help you.