A. 人教版新目标初二英语上第四单元的语法要点
far+from depend+onmust+V原ill为表语形容词近义词sickso mucha number of相当于many 许多的意思a small number of一少部分a large number of 一大部分the number of ....的数量around the word=all over the word全世界重点语句1.can I help you？2.how far is it from here?3.how long does it take?4.thank you very much 5.you are welcome6.how do you get to school重点语法1.by+交通工具名词2.by+交通路线位置3.in+交通工具名词4.on+限定词+交通工具名词5.take a、the+交通工具名词6.ride+限定词+交通工具名词7.fly+to表示乘飞机；飞往8.表示步行去某地可用go to+某地+on foot，也可用walk to+某地9.not all译为不都相当于all..not...10.leave for意为动身去...11.leave..for...意为离开去...12.It takes +一段时间+to do sth以为做某事花费某人多长时间
B. 新目标八年级上册英语第四单元语法
Unit 4 How do you get to school?
重点语法：询问别人做某事的方式
用 How 引导特殊疑问句
其回答有内多种方式，其中一种结构是容 by doing sth. 或 by sth. 的结构。
询问两地的距离用 how far 引导特殊疑问句
回答用 be + (distance) + [away] + from 的结构。
例句：A: How do you get to school?(你如何去上学？)
B: I take the subway.(我乘地铁去上学。)
OK?希望能帮到你啊！
C. 8年级上册英语1——4单元有什么重点的语法知识，或短语
八年级英语上册第一单元复习
I. 应掌握的词组：
1. go to the movies 去看电影
2. look after=take care of 照顾
3. surf the internet 上网
4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式
5. go skate boarding 去划板
6. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康
7. exercise=take (much) exercise
=do sports锻炼
8. eating habits 饮食习惯
9. take more exercise 做更多的运动
10. the same as 与什么相同
11. once a month一月一次
12. be different from 不同
13. twice a week一周两次
14. make a difference to 对什么有影响
15. how often 多久一次
16. although=though虽然
17. most of the students=most students
大多数学生
18. shop=go shopping
=do some shopping 购物
19. as for至于
20. activity survey活动调查
21. do homework做家庭作业
22. do house work做家务事
23. eat less meat吃更少的肉
24. junk food垃圾食物
25. be good for 对什么有益
26. be bad for对什么有害
27. want to do sth 想做某事
28. want sb to do sth想某人做某事
29. try to do sth 尽量做某事
30. come home from school放学回家
31. of course=certainly=sure当然
32. get good grades取得好成绩
33. some advice
34. help sb to do sth帮助某人做某事
=help sb with sth
35. a lot of vegetables
=many vegetables许多蔬菜
36. hardly=not nearly / almost not几乎不
37. keep/be in good health保持健康
II. 应掌握的句子：
How often do you exercise? 你（你们）多久锻炼一次身体？
How often + 助动词do(does或did) + 主语 + do sth.? 疑问词how often是问频率(多久一次),（在这里助动词do(does或did) 是起帮助构成疑问的作用）与一般现在时或一般过去时连用，回答一般是用表示频率的副词，如：once, twice, three times…, sometimes, often, quite, often, never, every day, once a week , twice a month , three times a month , three or four times a month 等。
翻译：“你们多久到工厂去一次？”“每星期两次。”
(“How often do you go to the factory?” “Twice a week. ”)
“他们多长时间举办一次舞会？”“通常每两周举办一次。”
(“How often do they have a dancing party?” “Usually, once every other week.”)
“他多久去购一次物？”“一个月一次。”
(“How often does he go shopping?” “He goes shopping once a month.”)
2. “What do you usually do on weekends?” “ I usually play soccer.”
“周末你通常做什么？”“我通常踢足球。”
第一个do为助动词, 在这起帮助构成疑问的作用；而第二个do则是实义动词。
翻译：What do you usually do on weekends? I often go to the movies.
What does she usually do on weekends? She sometimes go hiking.
3. “What’s your favorite program?” “It’s Animal World.”
“你最喜欢什么节目？”“动物世界。”
4. As for homework , most students do homework every day .
as for...意思是“至于；关于”，常用于句首作状语，其后跟名词、代词或动词的
-ing形式（即动名词）。如：
As for him，I never want to see him here. 至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到。
As for the story，you'd better not believe it. 关于那故事，你最好不要相信。
翻译：至于我自己，我现在不想去。
(As for myself, I don’t want to go now. )
至于那个人，我什么都不知道。
(As for the man, I know nothing about him.)
5. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pong with her .
want to do sth. 意思是“想要做某事”；
want sb. to do sth.意思是“想要某人做某事”。如：
Do you want to go to the movies with me？你想和我一起去看电影吗？
The teacher doesn't want us to eat hamburgers.老师不想让我们吃汉堡包。
6. She says it’s good for my health.
be good for...表示“对……有益（有好处）”;其反义为：be bad for...。（这里for 是
介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词）如：
It's good for us to do more reading. 多读书对我们有好处。
Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.在床上读书对你的眼睛有害。
7. How many hours do you sleep every night?
8. I exercise every day , usually when I come home from school .
9. My eating habits are pretty good .这里pretty相当于very 。
10. I try to eat a lot of vegetables , usually ten to eleven times a week .
try to do sth.表示“ 尽力做某事 ” ，不包含是否成功的意思而try doing sth.表示
“（用某一办法）试着去做某事”。如:
You’d better try doing the experiment in another way.
你最好试试用另一种方法做这个试验。
11. My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades.
help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事
12. Good food and exercise help me to study better.
这里better是well的比较级，而不是good的比较级
13. Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different?
＝Is her lifestyle the same as your lifestyle or is her lifestyle different from yours? be the same as … / be different from …
14. What sports do you play ?
15. A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health .
keep in good health = keep healthy = stay healthy
16. You must try to eat less meat .
try to do sth.表示“ 尽力做某事 ” ,不包含是否成功的意思,less是little的比较级
17. That sounds interesting.
这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound（听起来），look（看起来），smell
（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（觉得），seem（好象），grow（变得）,get
（变得）等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。如：
It tastes good. 这味道好。
The music sounds very sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳。
The smoke grew heavier and heavier. 烟雾变得越来越浓了。
新目标八年级英语上册第二单元复习
I. 应掌握的词组：
1. Have a cold 感冒 2. sore back 背痛
3. neck and neck 并驾齐驱，齐头并进
4. I have a stomachache 我胃痛
= I have got a stomachache
=There is something wrong with my stomach
= My stomach hurts = I have (got) a pain in my stomach
5. What’s the matter? 怎么了？
= What’s the trouble (with you)? = What’s your trouble?
= What’s wrong (with you)? =What’ the matter (with you)?
=What has happened to you? =Is there anything wrong (with you)?
= what’s up?
6. sore throat 咽喉痛
7. lie down and rest 躺下休息
8. see a dentist 看牙医
9. drink lots of water 多喝水
10. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶
11.That’s a good idea 好主意
12.That’s too bad 太糟糕了
13.I think so 我认为如此
14. I’m not feeling well. 我觉得不太舒服
= I’m not feeling fine/all right. = I’m feeling ill/sick. =I feel terrible/bad.
= I don’t feel well.
15. get some rest 多休息
16. I have no idea = I don’t know
我不知道
17. stressed out 筋疲力尽
18. I am tired 我累了
He is tired. 他累了
19. a healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式
20. traditional Chinese doctors传统中医
21. a balance of yin and yang阴阳调和
22. you have too much yin.你阴气太盛
23. to eat a balance diet饮食平衡
24.healthy food 健康食品
25. stay healthy 保持健康=keep healthy=keep in good health = keep fit
26. enjoy oneself (myself, yourself, herself, himself, themselves, ourselves, itself
反身代词) 玩得高兴，过得愉快=have a good time = have a wonderful time
=have fun
27. enjoy sth. =like sth. (名词)喜欢某物,
enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事=like dong sth
Practice doing sth.练习做某事，
mind doing sth. 介意做某事，
finish doing sth.完成某事，
give up doing sth.放弃做某事，
can’t help doing sth.忍不住做某事，
keep ding sth. 坚持做某事.
即：practice, mind, finish, give up, can’t help, keep 与enjoy用法基本相似
28.at the moment = now 此刻
29. Host family 东道家庭
30. Conversation practice会话练习
31.I’m sorry to hear that.听到此事我很难过
新目标八年级英语第三单元复习
I.应掌握的词组：
1. babysit one’s sister 照顾妹妹
2. visit one’s grandmother 看望奶奶
3. spend time with friends
和朋友们一起度过时光
4. visit cousins 看望表弟等
5. Go to sports camp 去运动野营
6.go to the beach 去海滩
7. go camping 去野营
8. Go shopping 去买东西
9. go swimming 去游泳
10. go boating去划船
11. go skating 去溜冰
12. go walking去散步
13. go climbing 去登山
14. go dancing去跳舞
15. go hiking 去徒步远足
16. go sightseeing 去观光
17. go house-hunting 去找房子
18.go on a hike 徒步旅行，go bike riding 骑自行车旅行，go fishing 去钓鱼
19. do some shopping 买东西
20. do some washing 洗衣服
21. do some cooking 作饭
22. do some reading 读书
23. do some speaking训练口语
24. do some sewing 做缝纫活
25.that sounds nice 那好极了
26. at home 在家
27. how about=what about ……
怎么样？
28. how long 多长时间
29. how far 多远
30. how often 多长时间一次
31. how much, how many 多少
32. have a good time =have fun= have a wonderful time= enjoy oneself
玩得高兴，过得愉快
33. show sb. Sth.=show sth. to sb.出示某物给某人看
give me the book=give the book to me 给我书，
pass me the cup=pass the cup to me 把杯子递给我，
sell me the house=sell the house to me 把房子卖给我
buy me a book =buy a book for me 给我买书，
make me a cake=make a cake for me给我做蛋糕
34. get back=come back回来
35. rent videos租借影碟
36. take walks=go for a walk散步
37. think about 考虑
38. decide on= decide upon
决定一个计划
39. something different 不同的事情
40．a great vacation 一个愉快的假期
41. I can’t wait 我等不及了
42. the famous movie star 著名的影星
43. an exciting vacation
激动人心的假期
44. Ask her about her plans 向她询问她的计划ask sb. about sth.向某人询问某事
45. forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事，forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事
八年级英语第四单元复习
I.应掌握的词组：
1.get to school 到校
2. get home 到家
3. how about=what about
…….怎么样？
4.take the subway 乘地铁
5.ride a bike 骑自行车
6.take the bus乘公共汽车
7.take the train乘火车
8.take a taxi乘坐出租车
9. go in a parent’s car 坐父母的车
10. by bike, bike bus,
by subway, by taxi,
by car, by train
(乘坐……车，放在句尾)
11. have a quick breakfast
迅速吃早饭
12. the early bus 早班车
13. how far多远
14. take sb. to sp.带某人到某处
15. doing sth. takes sb. Some time/ money
=It takes sb. some time/money to do sth.
=sb. spends dome time/money (on sth.)
=sb. spends some time/money (in) doing sth.
=sth. costs sb. some time/money
=sb. pay some money for sth.
花费某人多少时间/金钱做某事/某人花费多少金钱/时间做某事
16. bus stop公共汽车站，
train station火车站，
subway station地铁站，
bus station客运站
17. want to do sth.想做某事
18.walk to school 步行上学
19. in North America 在北美
20. in other parts of the world
在世界的其他地区
21. depend on=depend upon
依靠，靠……决定
22. not all 不是所有的
23. need to do sth.需要做某事
24. number of students学生数
25. a number of=many 许多number前可用large, great, small修饰其谓语是复数26.the number of….的数量，谓语是单数
27. don’t worry(about sth./sb.)别着急(为某人/事担心
28. around the world= all over the world世界各地，全世界
D. 初二英语上册第四单元语法、重点
1.If 引导的条件状语从句，because 引导的原因状语从句和because of 引导的原因状语。
2. 条件状语从句里，回要注意if后的句子多用答一般现在时，而主句多用将来时。
3because引导的原因状语从句有时候侯可以和because of + 词组进行转换。
如： He was late because It rained heavily.
换成He was late because of the heavy rain.
E. 八年级下册英语4单元reading部分的知识点及语法
我建议你来买本参考书，里面讲自得很详细哦！我觉得 解剖 还不错
1sound like fun=sound funny 听起来有趣
2forunately=luckily
3most of ...其中大多数......可加名词复数，也可加不可数名词，注意作主语时谓语动词要用单数
4have sb somewhere 让某人在某地 have是使役动词。意为“让，使得”
5
F. 初二下英语1到4单元语法重点总结！！！
http://wenku..com/view/90e18d2c0066f5335a812139.html
G. 八年级下人教英语unit4~12知识点和语法
） 表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。
2） 根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是：实义动词（Notional Verb）、系动词（Link Verb）、助动词（Auxiliary Verb）、情态动词（Modal Verb）。
说明：有些情况下，有些动词是兼类词，例如：
We are having a meeting. 我们正在开会。 （having是实义动词。）
He has gone to New York. 他已去纽约。
（has是助动词。）
3） 动词根据其后是否带有宾语，可分为两类，分别是：及物动词（Transitive Verb）、不及物动词（Intransitive Verb），缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。
**
英语动词是句子的核心。它既决定着句子意思的表达同时又决定着句子的语法结构。难怪有人说，英语是动词和介词的语言。可见研究动词的用法在英语学习中是十分重要的。
(一、) 分清及物不及物:
分清动词的及物不及物是在英语学习中必须解决的首要问题。动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况：
a．主要用作及物动词。及物动词后面必须跟宾语。可以用于："主＋谓＋宾"；"主＋谓＋双宾"；"主＋谓＋宾＋宾补"结构。如：
He reached paris the day before yesterday.
Please hand me the book over there.
They asked me to go fishing with them.
类似的还有：buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell....
b．主要用作不及物的动词。不及物动词后面不跟宾语。只能用与："主＋谓"结构。
This is the room where I once lived.
类似的还有：agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed....
c．既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义不变。如begin 都是作"开始"讲。everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game. 类似的还有：start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve....
d．既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义完全不同。
这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义；而作及物动词时却是另一个意义。如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的"消散"。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物动词时是"升高；举起"。
He lifted his glass and drank.
类似的还有：beat vi.跳动 vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生长 vt. 种植
play vi.玩耍 vt. 打（牌、球）,演奏 smell vi.发出（气味） vt. 嗅
ring vi.（电话、铃）响vt.打电话 speak vi.讲话 vt. 说（语言）
hang vi. 悬挂 vt. 绞死 operate vi.动手术 vt. 操作
(二、) 辨别表动作与表结果的动词
表动作的动词强调动作的发生，不涉及该动词的结果。如：
He looked at the picture. He saw a picture .
前一句中的动词强调"看"这一动作；而后一句中的动词表示"看到"这一结果。类似的还有：tear at; tear, look for; find, try to do sth.; manage to do sth., prepare for; be prepared for, advise; persuade 等。
(三、) 记住瞬间动词
英语中不少动词所表示的动作在瞬间就可以完成．如：
He arrived in paris yesterday.
而另一些动词所表示的动作则可以延续．如：
They worked until 12 o'clock last night.
特别是在现在完成时态的句子中，瞬间动词的完成时态不能跟表示一段时间的时间状语连用。瞬间动词有：arrive, borrow, buy, close, fall, finish, go, join, kill, hit, leave, lend, die, marry, open, reach, return, start, stop, recognize....等。
(四、) 掌握好表状态的连系动词与表变化的连系动词
英语中的连系动词主要分为两大类：
a．表状态的连系动词。如：he is a good worker. 除了be 而外，还有：stand(位于),lie(位于),stay, have, consist of, belong to, exist, weigh, own....等。
b．另一类连系动词表示动作或变化，是由行为动词转化而来的。一般在这些连系动词后跟形容词作表语如：his hair grows grey. 这类连系动词还有: turn, become, taste, smell, sound, look, feel, get...等。
(五、) 注意词义相近，用法不同的动词
a．表主观与客观的动词
I received his invitation last night, but i didn't want to accept it.
该句中，动词receive, accept 都表示"接受"但前者表示客观地接收到什么东西；后者表示 "I" 的主观意愿。类似用法的动词还有：listen to; hear, look at; see, must; have to等。
b．表直接与间接的动词
He heard that the scientist would come to our school.
He heard of the news that the scientist would come to our school.
前句中hear的表示直接听说的，而后一句中hear of 的表示间接听说的。类似用法的动词还有：know; know of, speak; speak of, talk; talk of等。
(六、) 重视多字动词的用法
所谓多字动词是指动词与某些副词、介词构成的动词词组。一般有四种形式：
a．"动词+介词"结构。 该结构中的动词是不及物动词，当和一些介词搭配后，则把它看成一个整体，即把它看成一个及物动词。如：
We never thought of such success when we first started.
类似用法的还有：agree to, ask for, attention to, break into, call upon, deal with, laugh at, dream of, listen to, look at, operate on, talk about, rely on, refer to...
b．"动词+副词"结构。该结构中的动词是及物动词的，该结构及物；是不及物的，则不及物。如：
We put off the sports meet.
After he grew up, he went to london to work for a company.
类似用法的还有: bring about, bring up, call up, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, help out, look up, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put down, put away, put down, put off, put on, ring up, set up, take up, think over, turn down, use up, work out..., wake up, shut up, come about, break out, carry on, come up, fall over, get away, get back, look out, go up, go out, stay up....
在这类结构中，必须注意有的多字动词即及物又可不及物。有的甚至汉语意义也完全不相同。如：
He looked up and saw his teacher in front of him. (vi. 抬起头看)
He looked up the word in the dictionary. (vt. 查找)
类似的有break down vi.（车等）坏了 vt. 分解，分为 ;
go over vi. 走过去 vt. 复习，仔细查看等。
c．"动词+副词+介词"结构。如：
We should do away with that sort of thing.
类似的有：give in to, catch up with, look down upon, make up for, put up with....
d．"动词+名词+介词"结构。该结构是最多，最常见的多字动词。如：
We will take care of them.
类似的有：catch sight of, keep an eye on, make use of, make a fool of, make fun of, make room for, make sure of, knock out of, have a word with, pay attention to, put an end to, set fire to, take advantage of, take hold of, take note of, take notice of, take part in, take pride in, take possession of, play a trick on, play a part in....
****
说明：同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。例如：
She can dance and sing.
她能唱歌又能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物动词。）
She can sing many English songs.
她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing用作及物动词。）
4） 根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制，可分两类，分别是：限定动词（Finite Verb）、非限定动词（Non-finite Verb）例如：
She sings very well.
她唱得很好。（sing受主语she的限制，故用第三人称单数形式sings。）
She wants to learn English well.
她想学好英语。（to learn不受主语she的限制，没有词形变化，是非限定动词。
说明：英语中共有三种非限定动词，分别是：动词不定式（Infinitive）、动名词（Gerund）、分词（Participle）。
H. 新目标八年级英语下册1至4单元语法重点
Unit 4 How do you get to school?
一．短语归纳
1. take the subway to … = go to … by subway 搭地铁
2. take the train to … = go to … by train 坐火车
3. take a bus to … = go to …by bus = go to … on a bus 乘坐公共汽车
4. take a taxi to … = go to … by taxi 坐的士
5. ride a bike/ bicycle to… = go to … by bike/ bicycle 骑自行车
6. walk to… = go to … on foot 步行
7. take a car to… = go to … in a car= go to … by car 坐汽车
8. get to school 到达学校get to=arrive in/at=reach 到达 (in加大地方at加小地方)
9. 10 kilometers from school 离学校10公里（远）
10. from…to… 从…到… from his home to school 从他家到学校
11. how （用于提问状态和交通工具） 怎样
how long 用来询问时间的长度（用于提问时间段 多长（时间）） 或物体的长度
how often （用于提问频率） 多久时间一次
how far （用于提问距离） 多远
how many 用于提问数量） 多少
how much（用于提问数量/价钱） 多少/多少钱
how soon“过多久”，用来询问某事要在多久以后才能发生
12. have a quick breakfast 快速地吃早餐
13. leave for school 出发去学校
14. the early bus 早班车
15. take sb. to school 带某人去学校
Then the early bus takes him to school.然后，他乘坐早班车到学校
16. bus ride 搭公车的路程
17. bus stop 公车亭
18. bus station 公车站
bus stop 是指小站，bus station指大的站，比如汽车站。现在的英语 尤其是美式英语里，二者的区分不是太细。
19. train station 火车站
20. subway station 地铁站
21. think of 认为
22. around the world=all over the world 遍及全世界
22.the school bus 校车
23. in North /South America 在北/南美洲
in the north/south/east/west of American 在美国的北/南/东/西部
24. on the school bus 乘/坐校车
25. in other parts of the world 在世界上的其他地方
26. the other （两者中的）另一个
27. others = other (students) 其他的（学生）
28. things are different 情况不同
29. be different from 与…不同
be the same as 与……一样
30. make a difference 产生差异
31. depend on 取决于/依赖/依靠
In China , it depends on where you are . → depend on 视……而定；决定于
I haven’t a car, I have to depend on the buses. 我没有汽车，只能依靠公共汽车。
32. go to school by boat = take a boat to school 坐船去上学
33. must be 肯定/一定是
34. a lot more fun 更多的乐趣
35. not all students并非所有的学生
36. the most popular ways /means最流行的方式
means of transportation 交通方式
In China，bikes and buses are the most popular means of transportation.在中国，自行车和公共汽车是最流行的交通方式。
37. a small number of 小部分的
A small number of students take the subway to school.小部分学生乘坐地铁上学
38. a large/ great number of 大多数的
☆ a number of + 复数名词 作主语，动词用复数 “许多”=many
可用large/great/small 修饰，表程度。
☆ the number of + 复数名词 作主语，动词用单数 “…..的数量”
A great number of students are young.
The number of them is 2,200.
39. be ill in the hospital 生病住院
ill和sick 都可作表语 He is ill/sick. 他生病了。 但是He is a sick man. 他是一个病人。（sick作定语，此时不能用ill）ill(形容词)：illness（名词） 40. worry about sb./sth. 担心某人/某事☆ worry about sb/sth=be worried about ….为某人/某事担心I worry about my study.= I am wirried about my study.
41. take a shower淋浴
42.at around six thirty在大约六点半around 作介词时，是“大约、将近”的意思时，常与数词连用 He leaves for school at around six thirty. 他大约在6点30分动身去学校leave for 动词短语，意思是“去（某地）” 见3单元重点短语归纳中的详解43. five minutes’walk步行五分钟的路程44. Don’t worry. 别担心45. in Chinese 用汉语 46.How/ What about…？How/ What about…？常用来询问和建议，其中about是介词，其后跟名词、代词及动名词，意思是“……怎么样？……如何？”How about trying again? 再试一下如何？
给我邮箱吧，发不了这么多
行吗
I. 新目标八年级上册英语第四单元语法总结
找每个单元的语法功能，不出意外的话就在那里
J. 八年级下册英语人民教育出版社义务教育教科书第四单元语法焦点翻译
你看上去很疲惫抄。怎么了？昨晚我学习到半夜因此我睡眠不足。
我应该做什么？你为什么不忘记它呢？尽管她不对，但这也不是什么大不了的事。
他应该做什么？他应当和他的朋友谈谈以便他能说声抱歉。
或许你可以去他家。我估计我可以，但我不想使他吃惊。