㈠ 英语主谓一致的详细讲解。
主谓一致即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致,主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致,语法一致即谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致,意义一致就是谓语动词要和主语意义上的单复数保持一致,就近一致就是谓语动词要和靠近它的主语部分保持一致。
主谓一致( Subject-Verb Concord )
就其在现代语法中的基本原则而言,通常有三个不同角度的着眼点:1,语法一致 2,意义一致 3,就近原则。
(1)语法一致
主谓一致的原则是指,主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致:
主语是单数形式,谓语也采取单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语必须采取复数形式。
例如:
A grammar book helps you learn something about the rules of a language.语法书帮助你学习语言的某些规则。(主语是单数形式,谓语也采取单数形式)
(2)不定式,动名词,以及从句作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。
例如:
Reading often means learning .读书常意味是学习。
(3)不定代词及each作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。
例如:
Neither of my sisters likes sports .我的妹妹中没人喜欢运动。
(4)表示国家,机构,事件,作品等名称的专有名词作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。
例如:
One Thousand And One Nights tells people lots of mysterious bits of folklore .《一千零一夜》给人们讲了许多神秘的民间传说。
(5)a series of,a kind of,the number of等与名词构成名词短语作主语时看作单数,谓语动词用单数。
例如:
A series of high technology procts has been laid out in the exhibition. 一系列高科技产品已在展览上展出。
(6)由some,several,both,few,many,a number of 等词修饰主语,或是由它们自身作主语时应看作复数,谓语动词用复数。
例如:
Both of us are fond of watching football games .我们俩都喜欢看足球赛.
(7)由and连接两个主语时,如指同一人或物,谓语用单数;指不同的人或物,谓语用复数.
On the seashore,some people are playing volleyball and some are lying in the sun. 海边,有些人在打排球,有些人躺着晒太阳.
(8)有些短语,如:a lot of,most of,any of,half of,three fifths of,eighty percent of,some of,none of,the rest of,all of等后接不可数名词,或是单数形式的名词作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数;但如果后接可数名词的复数形式作主语时应看作复数,谓语动词用复数。
例如:
A lot of money in the shop was stolen yesterday when the electricity was suddenly cut off. 昨天突然断电时,那家商店丢失了许多钱.
(9)主语为单数个不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句时,谓语动词一般用单数。
(10)主语为三单,或习惯用作单数名词或不可数名词的词,如:money,information,clothing等,谓语动词用单数。
意义一致(Notional Concord )
这一原则是指,从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题.有时主语形式上为单数,但意义上却是复数,那么谓语依意义也用复数形式;而有时主语形式上为复数,但意义上却是单数,那么谓语依意义亦用单数形式。
(1)当主语后面接由as well as,as much as,accompanied by,including,in addition to,more than,no less than,rather than,together with等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的形式要依主语的单复数而定。
在这样的句子里,这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单,复数形式,它们在句子里其实是状语.也就是说,我们完全可以将这些词组搬到句首或是放到句末去.从表面上我们也可以看出,它们与主语之间有","隔开。
例如:
Petroleum,along with fuel gas,has recently risen in price.目前石油和燃料煤气的价格上涨了。
(2)表示时间,金钱,距离,体积,重量,面积,数字等词语作主语时,其意义若是指总量应看作单数,谓语动词用单数;但如果其意义是指"有多少数量"则应该看作是复数,那么谓语动词也应该用复数。
例如:
Four weeks are often approximately regarded as one month.人们常大约地将四个星期看成一个月。
(3)形容词前加定冠词即"the + 形容词"作主语时,其意义若是指个人或是抽象概念应看作单数,谓语动词用单数;但如果其意义是指一类人则应该看作是复数,那么谓语动词也应该用复数。
例如:
The young,on the one hand,often think of the old conservative. On the other hand,the old always consider the young inexperience.一方面,青年人常认为老年人保守;另一方面,老年人总是认为青年人没有经验。
(4)当and连接两个并列主语在意义上指同一人,同一物,同一事或者同一概念时,应看作单数,谓语动词用单数.另外,当and 连接两个形容词去修饰一个单数形式的主语时,其实是指两种不同的事物,主语则应该看作是复数,那么谓语动词也应该用复数。
例如:
War and peace is a constant theme in history. 战争与和平是一个历史上的永恒的主题.
(5)集体名词作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于主语的意义:主语表示整体时视为单数,谓语动词用单数;主语表示集体中的个体成员时视为复数,谓语动词用复数.这类集体名词常见的有:
army,audience,cattle,class,club,committee,crowd,family,government,group,majority,minority,part,people,police,public,staff,team等等,其中cattle,people,police一般看成复数形式.
例如:
The family are all fond of football. 那一家人都喜欢足球.
就近原则(Principle of Proximity )
这一原则是指,谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致.常出现在这类句子中的连词有:or,either… or …,neither… nor …,not only… but also …等.例如:
Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.不是我,就是他们要对那件事的结局负责任。
Neither the unkind words nor the unfriendly attitude has caused me any distress.既不是那些不友好的话,也不是那不友好的态度让我沮丧。
1、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致
由and 连接的两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词一般根据语法一致的原则用复数。
如:
A young man and a girl want to go there.一个青年男子和一个姑娘想去那里。
2、但如果在意义上指同一个人,同一件事或同一个概念时,谓语动词要用单数形式.如:
A needle and thread was found on the floor.在地板上找到了针线(穿了线的针)。
当each ...and each...,every...and every...,no...and no...,many a...and many a...结构作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.
如:
No man and no animal is to be found on the moon.在月球上没发现人和动物。
3、一个单数名词同时被两个不同的形容词修饰,表示两个不同的概念时,谓语动词一
般用复数.
如:
Ancient and modern history are the subjects we are studying.古代史和现代史是我们目前学习的课程。
但如果表示的是同一概念时应用单数。
如:
The last and most difficult lesson is lesson14.14课是最后一课也是最难的一课。
4、由not only... but also ...,either...or ...,neither... nor...,... or...连接的并列主语,谓语动词通常依就近一致原则决定.
如:
Either the players or the coach is responsible for the defeat.不是运动员就是教练应该对这次比赛的失利负责。
5、当主语由as well as,along with,together with,ratherthan,no less than,but,except,besides,in additionto,like,including等词连接时,其谓语动词的单复数形式通常由前面的词来决定。
如:
An iron and steal works,with some satellite factories. is to be built here.在这里将建立一个钢铁厂和一些卫星厂。
㈡ 英语语法主谓一致
both beijing and tianjin is in the north of China.
这句哪里看来的?这是病句,没这单数的用法
㈢ 谁能给我讲一下关于英语主谓一致的知识,谢谢啦
谓一致是中学英语的一项重要语法内容,也是高考必考的语法点之一。虽然主谓一致涉及的语法规则有多条,但面临高考的同学应特别关注以下几点:
一、动词不定式短语、-ing形式短语或名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。但what引导从句作主语时,在下列情况下,主句谓语动词多用复数形式:①表语为复数名词时;②what引导的从句是一个具有复数意义的并列结构时。如:
Learning new words and useful expressions is very important for me.
What he’d like is a digital watch.
What we have to learn are the pieces of language that proce inversion.
What I say and think are no business of yours.
二、在定语从句中,关系代词作主语时,谓语动词的数常与其先行词保持一致。但在“one of +复数名词+定语从句”的结构中,从句的谓语常用复数形式;而在“the (only) one of +复数名词+定语从句” 的结构中,从句的谓语常用单数形式。试比较:
I was one of the persons in my office who were invited.
I was the(only) one of the persons in my office who was invited.
三、“分数/百分数+ of + 名词”作主语时,谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词保持一致。如:
Two-fifths of the land in that district is covered with trees and grass.
More than ten percent of the workers are from Paris.
四、由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also...,not...but...等连接并列主语时,谓语动词的数通常遵循“就近一致”的原则,即谓语动词的单、复数形式依最接近它的主语而定。特别要注意疑问句中谓语动词的形式。如:
Either her father or her mother calls for her every afternoon.
- Are either you or he to go there ?
- Neither is.
Neither the president of the company nor the sales manager is a college graate.
五、and / both...and...连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词一般用复数形式。若and连接的两部分指同一人、同一物、同一事或同一概念时,谓语动词则常用单数形式。如:
His lawyer and parents were with him on his trip to Europe.
Both rice and wheat are grown in our country.
Whisky and Soda is always my favorite drink.
(Whisky and Soda意为“威士忌汽水酒”,指同一物)
Your colleague and former college friend is coming to our home tomorrow.
(主语部分意为“你的同事,就是你那位大学时的朋友”,指同一人)
六、在each...and each...,every...and every...,no ... and no...,many a.../more than a(an, one)...等结构之后,谓语动词常用单数形式。如:
Every man and (every) woman is to take part in the election.
Many a child likes it.(=Many children like it.)
七、一些以-ics结尾的学科名词,如mathematics /politics / physics以及news/works(工厂)/means等在形式上似乎是名词的复数形式,但多用作单数名词,此类名词作主语时,谓语动词一般使用单数形式。如:
The paper works was built in 1990.
Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
八、一些“成双成套”的名词,如
trousers /pants /glasses /clothes /shoes /scissors/compasses(圆规)等用作主语时,谓语动词常用复数;若此类名词前有a (the/this) pair of /a suit of等量词修饰时,谓语动词则常用单数形式。如:
My glasses are broken. I have to buy a new pair.
The pair of shoes under the bed belongs to Tom.
九、若主语是由“a kind of/a series of等+名词”构成时,谓语动词通常用单数形式;但在“these/those kind/type of+复数名词”之后,谓语动词则常用复数形式。如:
This kind of men is dangerous.
These kind of tests are good.
㈣ 求英语语法之主谓一致。
概述
主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。对大多数人来说,往往会在掌握主语和随后的谓语动词之间的一致问题上遇到困难。一般情况下,主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则的支配: 语法一致原则 (grammatical concord) 意义一致原则 (notional concord) 就近原则 (principle of proximity)编辑本段典型例题
1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数 Reading and writing are very important. 注意: 当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词,共用一个冠词用单数,表示一人兼两职。 The iron and steel instry is very important to our life. The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were 答案B. 注: 先从时态上考虑.这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C..本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别, monitor 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词.后面的职务用and 相连.这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B. 2 主谓一致中的就近原则 当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致. There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.. There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 总的来说,在由not only…but also…, not just…but…, or, either…or…, neither…nor…连接主语的句子中及在there be句型中,谓语动词的单复数按就近原则处理,即按与谓语动词最靠近的那个主语来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。如: Not only John but also I am going to Shanghai next week. Either you or she is to go. Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致 当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一致. The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. He as well as I wants to go boating. 4 谓语需用单数 1) 代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语,或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数. Each of us has a tape-recorder. There is something wrong with my watch. 2) 当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数. The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. <一千零一夜>是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书. 3) 表示金钱,时间.距离.价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数.(用复数也可,意思不变.) Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. Ten yuan is enough. 5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数 1) 在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定. All is right. (一切顺利.) All are present. (所有人都到齐了.) 2) 集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定.如family,team,group,club,public, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时,意为这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时表示该个集体. His family isn't very large. 他家不是一个大家庭. His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者. 但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽).militia(民兵).vermin(害虫)等在任何情况下都用复数形式. Are there any police around 3)有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数,有时看作复数. A number of +名词复数+复数动词. The number of +名词单数+单数动词. A number of books have lent out. The majority of the students like English. 6 与后接名词或代词保持一致 1) 用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时,动词通常与of后面的名词,代词保持一致. Most of his money is spent on books. Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 2) 在一些短语,如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式.但由more than… of 作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致. Many a person has read the novel. 许多人都读过这本书. More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市. 7 the+形容词/国籍形容词。表示一类人/一国人,作主语,谓语动词用复数。 8 the+姓氏的复数,表示一家人或两夫妇,作主语时,谓语动词用复数, 9 四则运算时,谓语动词用单数。 10 表示,(时间,距离,重量,金额,书名)的复数名词作主语时,通常当做整体看待,谓语动词用单数。
㈤ 初中英语需要掌握的主谓一致——语法主谓一致(写下需要注意的关联词等等)
主谓一致是指:
1) 语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2) 意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
3) 就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语,
一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。2 主谓一致中的就近原则
1) 当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..
There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.
2)当either… or… 与neither… nor, 连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。 如果句子是由here, there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。 Either you or she is to go.
Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.
3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致
当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.
He as well as I wants to go boating.
1) 用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时,动词通常与of后面的名词,代词保持一致。
Most of his money is spent on books.
Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.
2) 在一些短语,如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than… of 作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。
Many a person has read the novel. 许多人都读过这本书。
More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市
㈥ 英语语法——主谓一致
C
首先,neither表否定含义,后面不能与not并用
则BD排除
由于neither此处为形容词(adj.)
意为“皆不”即指每一个都不
所以是单数第三人称
用is
㈦ 关于英语语法中主谓一致的语法资料
主谓一致的定义
主谓一致指的是主语和谓语在人称和数的方面取得一致的问题。
主语若是复数,谓语也采用复数形式。
主语若是单数或是不可数名词,谓语采用单数形式。
主谓一致的分类
主谓一致分为两大类:就近一致原则和意义一致原则。
就近一致原则指的是,以靠近谓语动词的,作主语的名词作为人称和数的参考标准。
意义一致原则指的是,必须分析主语属于单数或是复数,可数或是不可数,然后才能决定谓语动词的人称和数的形式。
就近一致原则(1)
连词not only...but also/ neither...nor/ or/ either...or/ not...but
<><><>
Not only the students but also the teacher is enjoying the film.
不仅学生而且老师都在津津乐道地看着电影。
Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it.
同学们和老师对此都一无所知。
Neither he nor they are wholly right.
他和他们,谁都不是完全对的。
Either he or I am right.
或者他对,或者我对。
就近一致原则(2)
副词here/ there
<><><>
Here comes the bus.
瞧,公共汽车来了。
Here is a pencil-box for you.
这儿有一个铅笔盒要给你。
Here are my replies to your questions.
这些是我针对你的问题的回答。
There is an apple, two bananas and some oranges on the plates.
盘子里有一个苹果,两条香蕉和一些桔子。
主谓一致:and
and的两边分别是不同的可数名词。
John and Mary are my friends.
约翰和玛丽都是我的朋友。
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and的两边分别是不同的不可数名词。
Both rice and wheat are grown in China.
中国有种水稻也有种小麦。
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and的两边的单词构成一个统一的概念。
Fish and chips is a popular supper here.
炸鱼土豆片在这里是一种很受欢迎的晚餐。(鱼和土豆片作为整体)
The poet and writer has come.
那位诗人兼作家来了。(同一个人既是诗人又是作家)
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each(every) + 单数名词 + and + each(every) + 单数名词
谓语动词用单数
Every hour and every minute is important.
每一小时,每一分钟,都很重要。
主谓一致:with...
“主语 + 后置定语”谓语动词只看主语,不看后置定语部分。
引起这种后置定语的单词有:
with, along with, together with, as well as, like, rather than, but,
except, besides, including, in addition to。
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The teacher with two students was at the meeting.
那位老师还有两个学生参加会议。
I as well as they am ready to help you.
不仅他们乐以帮助你,我也乐以帮助你。
A woman with two children is over there at the bus stop.
一个妇女还有两个孩子在公共汽车站那儿。
主谓一致:to do, doing
主语是由不定式、动名词、从句构成的,谓语动词采用单数。
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
It’s not easy to learn a foreign language.
学外语不容易。
Working with you is pleasant.
It’s pleasant working with you.
同你一块工作是令人愉快的。
The building whose roof we can see from here is a hotel.
我们从这儿就能看到屋顶的那座楼房就是旅馆。
主谓一致:police
police 警察/ militia民兵/ people人们/ vermin 害虫/ cattle 牲畜/ poultry 家禽
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这类集体名词的后面常接复数的谓语动词。
The police are questioning everyone in the house.
警察正在盘问房间里的每一个人。
Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef, and hides.
家牛为我们提供牛奶、牛肉和皮革。
主谓一致:family
army军队/ data 数据/ jury 陪审团/ audience 观众/ enemy 敌人/ media 媒体
bacteria 细菌/ family 家庭/ navy 海军/ committee 委员会/ flock 羊群
nobility 贵族/ community 共同体/ firm 商号/ party 政党/ company 公司
gang 一群/ press 新闻界/ council 理事会/ government 政府/ public 公众
couple 对、双/ group 组/ staff 全体职员/ crew 全体人员/ herd 牧群/ team 队
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这类集体名词可以用作单数也可以用作复数。如果把"family"看成家庭成员,谓语用复数。如果把"family"看成一个整体,谓语用单数。
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His family are waiting for him.
他的家人正在等他。(把"family"看成家庭成员)
I've got to make it clear that my family was very poor.
我得说清楚,我的家是很穷的。(把"family"看成一个整体)
主谓一致:furniture
mankind 人类/ furniture 家具/ foliage 植物
clothing 衣服/ machinery 机械/ merchandise 货物
这类集体名词只能用作单数形式,因为它们属不可数名词。
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Our clothing protects us from cold.
衣服保护我们免受寒冻。
Then the furniture was moved in.
然后家具被搬进来。
主谓一致:trousers
glasses眼睛/ spectacles眼睛/ scissors剪刀/ shorts短裤/
trousers裤子/ pajamas睡衣
Where are my pajamas? 我的睡衣在哪里?
My trousers are too long. 我的裤子太长了。
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shoe鞋子/ glove手套/ sock袜子/
目前的教辅把shoes归入和trousers同一类,这样作对于高考没有大碍。不过两者的不同之处在以后的大学课堂中还需明辨。
主谓一致:the old
名词化的形容词作主语时要看主语的具体情况。
一. 看作复数
The wounded were sent home.
伤员被送回家。(指一批人,动词用复数。)
The old are taken good care of here.
这儿的老人受到很好的照顾。(一批人)
二. 看作单数
The true is to be distinguished from the false.
真假必须辨明。(抽象的概念,看成单数。)
The accused was punished to prison.
那个被告被判入狱。(一个人)
主谓一致:two years
时间、金钱、路程的名词
虽是用复数形式作主语,谓语动词仍然要用单数形式。
Two years is enough.
两年就够了。
A hundred miles is a long distance.
一百英里是一段很长的距离。
主谓一致:percent
分数和百分数的词作主语时,以“of 短语”中的名词为判断标准。
Thirty percent of the grain is used to feed animals.
百分之三十的粮食用来饲养牲口。
Ninety percent of the smokers are male.
百分之九十的吸烟者是男性。
主谓一致:each
以下列不定代词作主语的句子谓语动词用单数:
either, neither, each, one, the other, another, anybody, anyone, anything,
somebody, someone, something, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody,
no one, nothing(含有单数意义的不定代词)
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Neither of those men is wrong.
那两个人都没有错。
Each of the books costs ten dollars.
每一本书花费10美元。
Somebody is using the phone.
有人在用电话。
㈧ 在英语主谓一致这个语法点我不太清楚,请大家讲一下
John rescued the drowning child (at the risk of his own life)(John冒着自己生命危险救了那个溺水的孩子。)此题中动词rescue变成了过去式,而要填写回部分的正确答答案risk是名词 与主谓一致 无关
在一句话中只要是谓语动词 不管有几个并列谓语 都需要满足主谓一致这个原则
1.The university authorities did not approve the regulation,Nor did they explain why。
本题与主谓一致 无关 属于时态一致
2. Although he was interested in philosophy,(his father persuaded him into)
本题与主谓一致 无关 属于时态一致
你提的问题 不属于主谓一致 的问题 而是时态问题
在一个句子中 出现 并列谓语 一般时态要一致 当然有时也有不一致的情况
在复合句和并列句中 从句或并列句的谓语 视情况 可以和主句或前句 一致或不一致
关键 要符合逻辑
如 i am as i was 我没有变
㈨ 英语语法里主谓一致的问题
【意义一致原则(Notional Concord)】
I. 集合名词做主语时:(参见“名词”部分)
1. 有些通常作复数用(不变词形)。如:“people , police , cattle (牛,牲口),folk , youth , militia (民兵)”,等。e.g.
The police have caught the murderer .警方已捕获凶手。
2. 有些指“整体”时作单数,指其中的“成员”时作复数(不变词形)。如 "army , audience(听众),class ,club (俱乐部) ,company(公司), committee(委员会) ,crew ,crowd ,staff(员工) ,family ,public ,government ,group ,party ,union ,couple ,population ,team ."等。e.g.
①Our family is a happy one . 我们有个幸福的家庭。
②The family are early risers. 这家人都起得早。
③The public are (is) requested not to litter. 请公众不要乱扔废弃物。
但上述集合名词也可有复数形式。如:families , two classes .等。有些变复数形式后意义不同。如:peoples多个民族。 youths男青年。 folks亲友。
II. 代词做主语时:(参见“代词”部分)
1. 不定代词"each ,one , much, (a)little ,either ,neither ,another ,the other(+单名)"等常作单数用。它们所修饰的主语也作单数。e.g.
①Each of the girls (Each girl) has a new hat . 每个女孩都有顶新帽子。
②Neither plan suits me .③Neither of the plans suits / suit me . 两个计划都不适合我。
2. 下列复合不定代词一般作单数用:“someone ,somebody ,something ,anybody ,anyone ,anything ,everybody ,everyone ,everything ,nobody ,no one ,nothing ”等。e.g.
①Is everybody here ? 都到齐了吗?
②There was nothing special then. 那时没什么特别情况。
3. 下列不定代词作复数用:“(a)few ,many ,several, both”等。e.g.
①Few (of the guests ) were familiar to us . 没几个(客人)是我们熟识的。
②Both / Both (of ) these are interesting . 两部影片都有趣。
4下列代词须视其“具体所指”来决定单、复数:
1)“what ,which ,who ,whose ”等。e.g.
①Who is your brother ?你兄弟是谁?
②Who are League Members .哪些是团员?
2)"all , some ,more ,most ,any ,none ,a lot(of ), lots (of ),"等。e.g.
①All (of the students ) are working hard .(所有的学生)都在用功。
②All (of the paint ) is fine .(这些油漆)都很好。
3)"half(of), plenty (of), the rest(of), (a)part(of), the remainder(of )余下的)",等。e.g.
①Half of the apples are bad .苹果中有一半是坏的。
②Half of the apple is bad .这只苹果坏了一半。
Ⅲ.“数词”、“数量、单位”等词语做主语时:(参见“数词”部分。)
1. 表示“运算”的数词通常作单数 。e.g.
Ten times four makes(make) forty .+ 乘以四得四十。
2.表“时间、距离、金额、度量衡”等的词语,作“整体”看时作单数用,侧重指“若干单位”时作复数用。e.g.
①Twenty years is not a long time . 二十年光阴,弹指一挥间。
②Twenty years have passed since he left. 他离开已二十个年头了。
3.“分数、百分数”通常依其“具体所指”来决定单、复数。e.g.
①About 40 percent / two-fifths of the books here are (is) worth reading . 这些书中百分之四十/五分之二值得读。
②Only sixty percent / three-fifths of the work was done yesterday .昨天只干完了百分之六十/五分之三的工作。
4. "a number of (许多)/ a variety of (各式各样) "+复数名词,常作复数用。e.g.
①A number of students in this class are (is) from Sichuan . 这个班有不少同学来自四川。
②There are a variety of toys in this shop.这家商店有各种各样的玩具。
但是,“the number(数目)/ the variety(种类)”+ of + 复数名词,作单数。e.g.
①The number of students in this college has doubled . 这所大学的学生人数翻了一番。
②The variety of goods in this shop is rich . 这家商店货物品种丰富。
Ⅳ.单、复数同形或易混的词做主语时:(参见“名词”部分)
1.以“-ics”结尾的学科名词:指教育、科研的某一学科,作单数。e.g.
Mathematics seems easy to me .我似乎觉得数学不难。
但是,表“具体的学业、活动”等时,多用作复数。e.g.
①Her mathematics are weak . 她数学差。(指“学业成绩、能力”)
②What are your politics? 你的政治观点如何?
2. “works工厂,means方法,series系列,species物种,aircraft飞机”等名词单、复数同形,要从上下文判断其具体意义来决定单、复数。e.g.
①This works was(These works were)built two years ago . 这(几)家工厂是两年前修建的。
②Every means has (All means have) been tried. 各种办法都试过了。
这类名词通常还有“fish ,deer ,sheep ,headquarters (总部驻地),bellows(风箱), plastics, gallows (绞架), manners(礼貌) ,whereabouts (行踪), ”等。(但news(消息)是不可数名词,通常只作单数用。)
Ⅴ. "the + 形容词/分词"做主语时:
1. 指“一类”人或事物时,常用作复数用。e.g.
①The English speak English. 英国人讲英语。
②The rejected were heaped in the corner. 废品堆在角落里。
2.指“某一个”人,或“抽象的”事物时,作单数用。e.g.
①The deceased was his father . 去世的是他父亲。
②The agreeable is not always the useful. 好看的不一定中用。
③The new and progressive always wins over the old. 新生、进步的事物总是要战胜旧的东西。
Ⅵ.专用名词做主语时:
1.“书名、剧名、报刊名、国家名”等通常作单数用。e.g.
①The United States was founded in 1776. 美国成立于1776年。
②The Arabian Nights is very interesting. 《天方夜谭》很有趣。
2.“书刊名”有时作单数或复数两可,尤其是编成集子的书。e.g.
Dickens' American Notes were (was ) published in 1842 .
狄更斯所著的《美国笔记》出版于1842年。
Ⅶ“what等引导的从句”做主语时:
1. 大多作单数用。e.g.
①What we need is more practice . 我们需要的是更多的实践。
②What he says doesn't agree with what he does. 他言行不一致。
2.若从句是含复数意义的并列结构、或“表语”是复数时,谓语动词用单数或复数两可。e.g.
①What you say and think is /are no business of mine . 你怎么说以及怎么想,不关我的事。
②What he bought was /were some books. 他所买的是几本书。
【语法一致原则】
I .主语的“人称”决定谓语动词的形式。e.g.
①I love / She loves music . 我/ 她爱好音乐。
②Are your mother a worker? (误)你母亲是工人吗?
Is your mother a worker? (正)(主语your mother 是单数第三人称)
II .主语的“数”决定谓语动词的形式。
1.“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)”或“从句”等做主语,用单数谓语形式。e.g.
①The work is important . 这项工作重要。
②To serve the country is our ty. 为祖国服务是我们的义务。
③How and why he left was a sad story. 他离开的经过和原因是一段伤心的经历。
2. 复数的名词、代词一般接复数谓语形式。e.g.
①The children are taken good care of . 孩子们得到很好的照料。
②They have gone to Cheng . 他们去成都了。
III. 以“and”或“both… and”连接的并列主语:
1.通常作复数用 。e.g.
①Plastics and rubber never rot . 塑料和橡胶从不腐烂。
②What he says and what he does do not agree. 他言行不一致。
③Both Tom and I are fond of medicine. 我和汤姆都喜欢医学。
2. 如果并列主语指的是“同一个”人(事、物、抽象概念),作单数用。e.g.
①The worker and writer has come . 这位工人作家来了。
②A cart and horse was seen in the distance. 远处能看见有一套马车。
③Truth and honesty is the best policy. 真诚是最好的策略。
3. “and”前、后的单数词语都有“each, every ,many ,a ,no”等修饰时,仍作单数用。e.g.
①Every boy and every girl enjoys equal rights here.这里每个男孩和每个女孩都享有平等权益。
②No teacher and no student is excused from taking part in the activity .没有哪个教师或学生可以免于参加这项活动。
Ⅳ. 主语前、后加表“数、量”等的修饰语时:
1. a)“many a + 单名 ”接单数谓语:“a good (great ) many + 复名”接复数谓语。e.g.
①Many a fine man has died for it . 许多优秀战士为此献出了生命。
②A great many parents were present at the meeting. 许多家长出席了会议。
b)"a / an + 单名+ or two " 大多接单数谓语: "one or two + 复名"接复数谓语。e.g.
①Only a word or two is (are )needed. 只需说一两句。
②One or two reasons were suggested. 提出一两条理由。
c)"a / an + 单名+ and a half"常接单数谓语;“one and a half +复名”多接复数谓语。e.g.
①A year and a half has passed . 一年半已过去了。
②One and a half tons of rice are sold. 已卖了一吨半大米。
d) "more than one + 单名"大多接单数谓语。e.g.
①More than one person was (were )absent . 不止一个人缺席。
"more + 复名+ than one "接复数谓语。e.g.
②More students than one have been there . 不止一个学生去过那儿。
"More than two (three…) +复名 " 接复数谓语。e.g.
③More than one hundred students have attended the concert . 不止一百名学生听了这场音乐会。
2 ,主语前加表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind (sort / type / form /pair /cup /glass /piece / load / block / box / handful / quantity / ton / metre /… )of”等时,表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语形式。e.g.
a)①There is only a small quantity of paper (books ) left . 只剩下少量的纸(书)了。
②Large quantities of water are needed. 需要大量的水。
b)①This kind of apple is sweet . 这种苹果甜。
②This kind of apples is (are) sweet. (大多依 kind ,作单数用 )
③These kind(s) of apple(s) are sweet . (总作复数用)
但:Apples of this kind are sweet. (总作复数用)
3. 主语后接“with…”等构成的短语修饰成分时:谓语仍须与这类短语前的“主语”一致。可构成这类短语的常用“with ,along with ,together with ,as well as , but , besides , except ,added to , including , like ,no less than , rather than , more than ”等。e.g.
①A woman with two children has come . 一位妇女带着两个孩子来了。
②I as well as they am ready to help you. 不仅他们,我也愿帮助你。
4. "one of + 复数名词+ 定语从句":
1)定语从句的先行词通常是这个“复数名词”,因此从句的谓语用复数形式。e.g.
①This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year . 这是今年出版的最佳小说之一。(关系词“that”代“novels”)
②He was one of the boys who were praised . 他是受表扬的男孩之一。
2)若“one”前加“this, the ,the only ”等时,定语从句的关系词指代one,作从句主语时,接单数谓语。e.g.
He was the only one of the boys who was praised .他是男孩中唯一受到表扬的。(关系词who 代 the only one )