Ⅰ 八年级上册英语重点语法.短语
1. 人称代词<br> 主格: I we you she he it they<br> 宾格: me us you her him it them<br> 形容词性物主代词:my our your her his its their<br> 名词性物主代词: mine ours yours hers his its theirs<br> <br> 2.形容词和副词的比较级<br> (1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er<br> older taller longer stronger, etc<br> (2) 多音节词前+more<br> more interesting, etc.<br> (3) 双写最后一个字母,再+er<br> bigger fatter, etc.<br> (4) 把y变i,再+er<br> heavier, earlier<br> (5) 不规则变化:<br> well-better, much/many-more, etc.<br> <br> 3.可数词的复数形式<br> Most nouns + s a book –books<br> Nouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories<br> Nouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches<br> Nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes<br> Nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves<br> <br> 4.不可数名词(单复数形式不变)<br> bread, rice, water ,juice etc.<br> <br> 5. 缩略形式<br> I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he is<br> it’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not etc<br> <br> 6. a/an<br> a book, a peach<br> an egg an hour<br> <br> 7. Preposition:<br> on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.<br> 表示时间: at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfast<br> on Monday on 15th July On National Day<br> in the evening in December in winter<br> <br> 8. 基数词和序数词<br> one – first two-second twenty-twentieth<br> <br> 9. Some /any<br> I have some toys in my bedroom.<br> Do you have any brothers or sisters?<br> <br> 10. be 动词<br> (1) Basic form: am/are/is<br> (2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.<br> My eyes are(not) small.<br> My hair is(not) long.<br> (3)一般疑问句: Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.<br> Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.<br> Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.<br> <br> 11. there be 结构<br> 肯定句: There is a …<br> There are …<br> 一般疑问句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.<br> Are there…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.<br> 否定句: There isn’t …. There aren’t….<br> <br> 12. 祈使句<br> Sit down please<br> Don’t sit down, please.<br> <br> 13. 现在进行时.通常用“now”.<br> 形式: be + verb +ing<br> eg: I am(not) doing my homework.<br> You/We/They are(not) reading.<br> He/She/It is(not) eating.<br> <br> 动词 —ing 的形式<br> Most verbs +ing walk—walking<br> Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming<br> Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming<br> <br> 14 一般现在时。通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。<br> 形式:<br> 肯定句:<br> I go to school on foot every day.<br> She goes to school on foot every day
Ⅱ 人教版八年级英语语法和词组 全面的
Unit 1
1. how often 多久一次
2. hardly ever 几乎不
3. as for 至于
4. junk food 垃圾食品
5. a lot of 许多
6. of course 当然
7. look after 照顾
8. do exercise 锻炼
9. make a difference 有区别\有重要性
10. surf the Internet 浏览因特网
11. Animal World 动物世界
12. do homework 做家庭作业
13. a healthy lifestyle 健康生活方式
14. get good grades 获得好成绩
15. get up 起床easye.2000y.net
16. keep in good health 保持健康
17. once or twice a week 每周一两次
18. eating habits 饮食习惯
19. ten to eleven times 十到十一次
20. pretty healthy 相当健康
21. go to the movie 去看电影
22. watch TV 看电视
23. read books 看书
24. the result for“watch TV”看电视调查结果
25. be good for 对……有益
26. want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事
27. try to do sth. 试着做某事
28. how many hours 多少小时
Unit 2
1. have a cold 患感冒
2. a few 有些
3. at the moment 此时/现在
4. have a stomachache 肚子疼
5. have a sore throat 嗓子疼
6. have a fever 发烧
7. lie down 躺下
8. see a dentist 看牙医
9. have a headache 头疼
10. have a toothache 牙疼
11. hot tea with honey 热茶加蜂蜜
12. stressed out 紧张
13. go to bed early 早睡觉
14. listen to music 听音乐
15. go to party 参加音乐会
16. on the other hand 在另一方面
17. stay healthy 保持健康
18. have a sore back 背疼
19. traditional Chinese doctors 传统中医
20. a balance of yin and yang 阴阳平衡
21. too much 太多
22. a balanced diet 饮食平衡
23. go out at night 在晚上出去
24. feel well 感觉舒服
25. conversation practice 对话练习
26. host family 房东
27. give sb a fever 导致某人发烧
Unit 3
1. at home 在家
2. how long 多久
3. get back 回来
4. think about 思考
5. decide on 决定\选定
6. theGreat Wall 长城
7. go fishing 去钓鱼
8. take a vacation 去度假
9. something different 不同的东西
10. go camping 去野营
11. go hiking 徒步行
12. show sb. sth. 给某人看某物
13. have a good time 玩得愉快
14. go bike riding 骑自行车行
15. go sightseeing 去观光
16. go fishing 去钓鱼
17. rent videos 租录像带
18. take walks 去散步
19. vacation plans 假期计划
20. plan to do sth. 计划去做某事
21. make a movie 拍一部电影
22. go swimming 去钓鱼
23. go shopping 去购物
Unit 4
1. get to school 到校
2. ride a bike 骑自行车
3. take the subway 乘地铁
4. take the train 乘火车
5. take a bus 乘公共气车 / by bus
6. take a taxi 乘出租车
7. walk to school 走到学校
8. how far 多远easye.2000y.net
9. bus station 公共气车站\bus stop
10. have a quick breakfast 匆匆吃过早饭
11. leave for 前往
12. the early bus 早班
13. the bus ride 公共气车之行
14. at about six-thirty 在大约六点半
15. around the world 全世界
16. North America 在北美
17. means of transportation 交通方式
18. a number of / the number of
19. on weekends 在周末
20. be ill in the hospital 生病住院
21. a map in Chinese 中文地图
22. speak Chinese 讲汉语
23. thank you so much 这样感谢你
24. don't worry 不要担心
Unit 5
1. 来参加我的晚会 come to my party
2. 在周六下午 on Saturday afternoon
3. 上钢琴课 have a piano lesson
4. 去看医生 go to the doctor
5. 太多家庭作业 too much homework
6. 谢谢邀请 Thanks for asking.
7. 玩得高兴 have fun
8. 去商业街 go to the mall
9. 棒球比赛 baseball game
10. 后天 the day after tomorrow
11. 为考试而学习 study for a test
12. 多谢邀请 Thanks a lot for the invitation.
13. 在度假期 be on vacation
14. 保持安静 keep quiet
15. 打网球 play tennis
16. 足球比赛 football match
17. 文化俱乐部 culture club
18. 整天 the whole day
19. 过来 come over to
20. 去看牙医 go to the dentist
21. 来加入我们。 Come and join us.
22. 我愿意。 I'd love to.
23. 下一次 another time
24. 临时照看他的妹妹 babysit his sister
Unit 6
1. 在某些方面 in some ways
2. 看起来一样 look the same
3. 看起来不同 look different
4. 喜欢参加晚会 enjoy going to the parties
5. 多于;超过 more than
6. 共用;共有 in common
7. 同……一样…… as … as …
8. 擅长; 在…方面做得好 be good at
9. 与……一样 the same as
10. 使我大笑 make me laugh
11. 大多数 most of
12. 与……不同 be different from
13. 相反的观点 opposite views
14. 善待孩子们 be good with children
15. 喜欢讲笑话 enjoy telling jokes
16. 招聘老师 teacher wanted
17. 停止讲话 stop talking
18. 呆在家 stay at home
Review of units 1--6
1. 以……开始 begin with
2. 游泳池 swimming pool
3. 一起;总共 all together
Unit 7easye.2000y.net
1. 打开 turn on
2. 切碎 cut up
3. 把……倒进…… pour … into
4. 剥去香蕉皮 peel the bananas
5. 多少 how many / much
6. 一匙…… one teaspoon of
7. 做水果沙拉 make fruit salad
8. 放进 put in
9. 一杯 a cup of
10. 混合在一起 mix up
11. 一片面包 a slice of bread
12. 把……放在……上 put … on …
13. 把……加到……上 add … to …
14. 在顶部 on the top
15. 一个……的食谱 a recipe for
Unit 8
1. 郊游 school trip
2. 去水族馆 go to the aquarium
3. 闲逛 hang out
4. 照相 take photos
5. 其余什么 what else
6. 得到他的亲笔签名 get his autograph
7. 旅游者中心 the Visitors' Center
8. 在那之后 after that
9. 户外水池 the Outdoor Pool
10. 礼品店 the Gift Shop
11. 在一天结束时 at the end of the day
12. 乘地铁 take the subway
13. 睡懒觉 sleep late
14. 开车兜风 go for a drive
15. 上课 take a class
16. 在我的下一个休息日on my next day off
17. 一个繁忙的休息日 a busy day off
18. 整天 all dayeasye.2000y.net
19. 看录像 watch videos
20. 玩电脑游戏 play computer games
21. 把……拿出来 put … out
22. 在院子里 in the yard
23. 举行一次庭院出售 have a yard sale
24. 有点无聊 kind of boring
25. 没有一个人 no one
26. 据我看来 in my opinion
27. 很快见到你 See you soon.
28. 将来 in the future
29. 从……回来 come back from
30. 与……在一起 be with sb.
Unit 9
1. 国际体育明星 international stars
2. 打破纪录 break the record
3. 太……以致于不能…… too … to …
4. 打高尔夫球 play golf
5. 一位了不起的中国乒乓球运动员 a great Chinese ping-pong player
6. 世界纪录名册 Book of world records
7. 世界打嗝/打喷嚏纪录 hiccupping / sneezing world record
8. 在这样的一小时内 in such an hour
9. 由于 because of
10. 出生 be born
11. 成为一个明星 become a movie star
12. 学会骑自行车 learn to ride a bicycle
13. 一个著名的小提琴家/钢琴家 a famous violinist / pianist
14. 开始滑冰start ice skating
15. 一位善良而慈爱的奶奶 a kind and loving grandmother
16. 成为一位滑冰冠军 become a skating champion
17. 在美国巡回演出 tour the U.S.
18. 学手风琴 learn the accordion
19. 参加 take part ineasye.2000y.net
20. 在国际肖邦钢琴大赛上 in the Chopin International Piano Competition
21. 获一等奖 win the first prize
22. 健在 be alive
23. 上清华大学 go to Tsinghua University
24. 主修;主研 major in
25. 女子单打选手 a women's singles player
Unit 10
1. 程序师 a computer programmer
2. 学习计算机科学 study computer science
3. 专业演员 a professional actor
4. 上表演课 take acting lessons
5. 练篮球 practice basketball
6. 长大 grow upeasye.2000y.net
7. 搬到有意思的地方 move somewhere interesting
8. 听看来像 sound like
9. 时装表演 fashion shows
10. 时尚杂志的记者 a reporter for a fashion magazine
11. 找份兼职工作 get a part-time job
12. 同时 at the same time
13. 举行艺术展 hold art exhibitions
14. 取得好成绩 get good grades
15. 上吉它课 take guitar lessons
16. 学习外语 learn a foreign language
17. 加大锻炼量 get a lot of exercise
18. 保持健康 keep fiteasye.2000y.net
19. 周游世界 travel all over the world
20. 寄到…… send … to
21. 新年决定 New Year's Resolutions
22. 与……交流 communicate with
Unit 11
1. 洗碗 do the dishes
2. 扫地 sweep the floor
3. 倒垃圾 take out the trash
4. 铺床 make the / one's bed
5. 折叠衣服 fold one's clothes
6. 打扫起居室 clean the living room
7. 让某人搭便车 give sb a ride
8. 开会 have a meeting
9. 忙于做某事 work on sth.
10. 做家务 do chores
11. 洗车 wash the car
12. 呆在外边 be outside
13. 向某人借某物 borrow sth from sb.
14. 洗衣服 do the laundry
15. 邀请某人去某地 invite sb to somewhere
16. 去商店 go to the store
17. 买饮料和零食 buy drinks and snacks
18. 带某人做某事 take sb. for sth.
19. 忘记做某事 forget to do sth.
20. 搬新家 move to a new house
21. 从事 work oneasye.2000y.net
22. 向某人寻求帮助 ask sb. for help
23. 厌恶做某事 hate to do/doing sth.
24. 照顾 take care of
25. 生气 get angryeasye.2000y.net
26. 英语课外作业 English project
27. 去渡假 go on vacation
28. 需要一些帮助 need some help
29. 饲养狗 feed dogs
30. 做早餐 make breakfast
31. 做鬼脸 make a face
32. 在……的帮助下 with the help of
Unit 12
1. 舒适的座位 comfortable seats
2. 大屏幕 big screens
3. 友好的服务 friendly service
4. 离家近 close to home
5. 在城里有趣的地方 in a fun part of town
6. 最好的电影院 the best movie theatre
7. 服装店 a clothing store
8. 电台 a radio station
9. 质量好的衣服 good quality clothes
10. 相当差 pretty bad
11. 最有趣的人 the funniest person
12. 质量最差 the worst quality
13. 最佳表演者 the best performer
14. 才艺展示 talent show
15. 做……调查 do a survey of
16. ……的价格 the price of
17. 削价 cut one's price
18. 在中国的北部 in the north of China
19. 冰雪节 Ice and Snow Festival
20. 海南省 Hainan Province
21. 特价屋 Bargain House
Ⅲ 初二上学期英语语法固定搭配短语
1) leave的用法
1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如:
When did you leave Shanghai?
你什么时候离开上海的?
2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如:
Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.
下周五,爱丽斯要去伦敦了。
3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如:
Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?
你为什么要离开上海去北京?
2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用
should作为情态动词用,常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等,有“竟会”的意思,例如:
How should I know? 我怎么知道?
Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚?
should有时表示应当做或发生的事,例如:
We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。
我们在使用时要注意以下几点:
1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如:
You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。
2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如:
You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服,你最好去看医生。
3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如:
We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。
She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。
3) What...? 与 Which...?
1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词,都可以指人或事物,但是what仅用来询问职业。如:
What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的?
该句相当于:
What does your father do?
What is your father's job?
Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如:
---Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特?
---The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。
2. What...?是泛指,所指的事物没有范围的限制;而 Which...?是特指,所指的事物有范围的限制。如:
What color do you like best? (所有颜色)
你最喜爱什么颜色?
Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? (有特定的范围)
你最喜爱哪一种颜色?
3. what 与 which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如:
Which pictures are from China?
哪些图片来自中国?
4) 频度副词的位置
1.常见的频度副词有以下这些:
always(总是,一直)
usually(通常)
often(常常,经常)
sometimes(有时候)
never(从不)
2.频度副词的位置:
a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如:
David is often arrives late for school.
大卫上学经常迟到。
b.放在行为动词前。如:
We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.
我们每天经常在7:10去上学。
c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾,用来表示强调。如:
Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike.
有时我步行回家,有时我骑自行车。
3.never放在句首时,主语、谓语动词要倒装。如:
Never have I been there.
5) every day 与 everyday
1. every day 作状语,译为“每一天”。如:
We go to school at 7:10 every day.
我们每天7:10去上学。
I decide to read English every day.
我决定每天读英语。
2. everyday 作定语,译为“日常的”。
She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.
她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。
What's your everyday activity?
你的日常活动是什么?
6) 什么是助动词
1.协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb)。被协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb)。
助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,例如:
He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。
(doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)
2.助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来:
a. 表示时态,例如:
He is singing. 他在唱歌。
He has got married. 他已结婚。
b. 表示语态,例如:
He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。
c. 构成疑问句,例如:
Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗?
Did you study English before you came here?你来这儿之前学过英语吗?
d. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,例如:
I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。
e. 加强语气,例如:
Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。
He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。
3.最常用的助动词有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
7) forget doing/to do与remember doing/to do
1.forget to do 忘记要去做某事。 (未做)
forget doing 忘记做过某事。 (已做)
The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.
办公室的灯还在亮着,它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)
He forgot turning the light off.
他忘记他已经关了灯了。 ( 已做过关灯的动作)
Don't forget to come tomorrow.
别忘了明天来。 (to come动作未做)
典型例题
---- The light in the office is still on.
---- Oh,I forgot___.
A. turning it off B. turn it off
C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
答案:C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着,即关灯的动作没有发生,因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth 表示灯已经关上了,而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。
2.remember to do 记得去做某事 (未做)
remember doing 记得做过某事 (已做)
Remember to go to the post office after school.
记着放学后去趟邮局。
Don't you remember seeing the man before?
你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
8) It's for sb.和 It's of sb.
1.for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等:
It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2.of sb 的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我,你真是太好了。
3.for 与of 的辨别方法:
用介词后面的代词作主语,用介词前边的形容词作表语,造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of,不通则用for。如:
You are nice. (通顺,所以应用of)。
He is hard. (人是困难的,不通,因此应用for。)
9) 对两个句子的提问
新目标英语在命题中有将对句子划线提问这一题型取消的趋势,现在采取的作法是对一个句子进行自由提问。例如:
句子:The boy in blue has three pens.
提问:1.Who has three pens?
2.Which boy has three pens?
3.What does the boy in blue have?
4.How many pens does the boy in blue have?
很显然,学生多了更多的回答角度,也体现了考试的灵活性。再如:
句子:He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday.
提问:1.Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
2.Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
3.What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
4.With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday?
5.What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday?
6.When does he usually go to the park with his friends?
10) so、such与不定冠词的使用
1.so与不定冠词a、an连用,结构为“so+形容词+a/an+名词”。如:
He is so funny a boy.
Jim has so big a house.
2.such与不定冠词a、an连用,结构为“such+a/an+形容词+名词”。如:
It is such a nice day.
That was such an interesting story.
11) 使用-ing分词的几种情况
1.在进行时态中。如:
He is watching TV in the room.
They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.
2.在there be结构中。如:
There is a boy swimming in the river.
3.在have fun/problems结构中。如:
We have fun learning English this term.
They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.
4.在介词后面。如:
Thanks for helping me.
Are you good at playing basketball.
5.在以下结构中:
enjoy doing sth 乐于做某事
finish doing sth 完成做某事
feel like doing sth 想要做某事
stop doing sth 停止做某事
forget doing sth 忘记做过某事
go on doing sth 继续做某事
remember doing sth 记得做过某事
like doing sth 喜欢做某事
keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事
find sb doing sth 发现某人做某事
see/hear/watch sb doing sth 看到/听到/观看某人做某事
try doing sth 试图做某事
need doing sth 需要做某事
prefer doing sth 宁愿做某事
mind doing sth 介意做某事
practice doing sth 练习做某事
be busy doing sth 忙于做某事
can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事
miss doing sth 错过做某事
12) 英语中的“单数”
1.主语的第三人称单数形式,即可用“he, she, it”代替的。如:
he, she, it
my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary's uncle
2.名词有单数名词和复数名词。如:
man(单数)---men(复数) banana(单数)---bananas(复数)
3.动词有原形,第三人称单数形式,-ing分词,过去式,过去分词。如:
go---goes---going---went---gone
work---works---working---worked---worked
watch---watches---watching---watched---watched
当主语为第三人称单数的时候,谓语动词必须用相应的第三人称单数形式。如:
The boy wants to be a sales assistant.
Our English teacher is from the US.
Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.
12) 英语中的“单数”
1.主语的第三人称单数形式,即可用“he, she, it”代替的。如:
he, she, it
my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary's uncle
2.名词有单数名词和复数名词。如:
man(单数)---men(复数) banana(单数)---bananas(复数)
3.动词有原形,第三人称单数形式,-ing分词,过去式,过去分词。如:
go---goes---going---went---gone
work---works---working---worked---worked
watch---watches---watching---watched---watched
当主语为第三人称单数的时候,谓语动词必须用相应的第三人称单数形式。如:
The boy wants to be a sales assistant.
Our English teacher is from the US.
Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.
13) 名词的复数构成的几种形式
名词复数的构成可分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。
I 名词复数的规则变化
1.一般在名词词尾加-s。如:
pear---pears hamburger---hamburgers
desk---desks tree---trees
2.以字母-s, -sh, -ch, -x结尾的名词,词尾加-es。如:
class---classes dish---dishes
watch---watches box---boxes
3.以字母-o结尾的某些名词,词尾加-es。如:
potato---potatoes tomato---tomatoes
Negro---Negroes hero---heroes
4.以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词,将-y变为-i,再加-es。如:
family---families dictionary---dictionaries
city---cities country---countries
5.以字母-f或-fe结尾的名词,将-f或-fe变为-v,再加-es。如:
half---halves leaf---leaves
thief---thieves knife---knives
self---selves wife---wives
life---lives wolf---wolves
shelf---shelves loaf---loaves
但是:
scarf---scarves(fes) roof---roofs
serf---serfs gulf---gulfs
chief---chiefs proof---proofs
belief---beliefs
II 名词复数的不规则变化
1.将-oo改为--ee。如:
foot---feet tooth---teeth
2.将-man改为-men。如:
man---men woman---women
policeman---policemen postman---postmen
3.添加词尾。如:
child---children
4.单复数同形。如:
sheep---sheep deer---deer
fish---fish people---people
5.表示“某国人”的单、复数变化。即“中日瑞不变英法变,其它国把-s加后面”。如:
Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese
Swiss---Swiss
Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen
American---Americans Australian---Australians
Canadian---Canadians Korean---Koreans
Russian---Russians Indian---Indians
6.其它。如:
mouse---mice
apple tree---apple trees
man teacher---men teachers
14) 双写最后一个字母的-ing分词
初中阶段常见的有以下这些:
1.let→letting 让
hit→hitting 打、撞
cut→cutting 切、割
get→getting 取、得到
sit→sitting 坐
forget→forgetting 忘记
put→putting 放
set→setting 设置
babysit→babysitting 临时受雇照顾婴儿
2.shop→shopping 购物
trip→tripping 绊
stop→stopping 停止
drop→dropping 放弃
3.travel→travel(l)ing 旅游
swim→swimming 游泳
run→running 跑步
dig→digging 挖、掘
begin→beginning 开始
prefer→preferring 宁愿
plan→planning 计划
15) 肯定句变否定句及疑问句要变化的一些词
1.some变为any。如:
There are some birds in the tree.
→There aren't any birds in the tree.
但是,若在表示请邀请、请求的句子中,some可以不变。如:
Would you like some orange juice?
与此相关的一些不定代词如something, somebody等也要进行相应变化。
2.and变为or。如:
I have a knife and a ruler.
→I don't have a knife or a ruler.
3.a lot of (=lots of)变为many或much。如:
They have a lot of friends.(可数名词)
→They don't have many friends.
There is lots of orange in the bottle.(不可数名词)
→There isn't much orange in the bottle.
4.already变为yet。如:
I have been there already.
→I haven't been there yet.
16) in与after
in 与 after 都可以表示时间,但二者有所区别。
1.in 经常用于将来时的句子中,以现在为起点,表示将来一段时间。如:
He will leave for Beijing in a week.
一周后他会动身去北京。
2.after 经常用于过去时的句子中,以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间。如:
He left for Beijing after a week.
一周后他动身去了北京。
不过,如果after后跟的是具体的时刻,它也可用于将来时。如:
We will finish the work after ten o'clock.
十点后我们会完成工作的。
3.注意区分以下的in的用法。
I'll visit him in a week.
一周后我会去拜访他。
I'll visit him twice in a week.
一周内我会去拜访他两次。
17) 不定冠词a与an的使用
1.a 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前。如:
There is a "b" in the word "book".
单词book中有个字母b。
类似的字母还有:c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z。
She has a small knife.
她有一把小刀。
2.an 用于以元音音素开头的单词前。如:
There is an "i" in the word "onion".
单词onion中有个字母i。
类似的字母还有:a, e, f, h, l, m, n, o, r, s, x。
Do you have an umbrella?
你有一把雨伞吗?
3.以元音字母开头的单词前面不一定都用an;以辅音字母开头的单词前面也不一定都用a。如:
a useful book
a universe
a one-letter word
an hour
an uncle
an umbrella
an honest person
18) 如何表达英语中的“穿、戴”?
英语中表示“穿、戴”的表达方法有好几种,常见的有以下这些:
1、put on 主要表达“穿”的动作。如:
He put on his coat.他穿上了他的外套。
You'd better put on your shoes.你最好穿上你的鞋子。
2、wear 主要表示“穿、戴”的状态。如:
The old man wears a pair of glasses.老人戴着一副眼镜。
The girl is wearing a red skirt.那女孩穿着一条红色的短裙。
3、dress 可作及物动词,有“给......穿衣”的意思,后接“人”,而不是“衣服”。如:
Please dress the children right now.请立即给孩子们穿上衣服。
dress 也可作不及物动词,表示衣着的习惯。如:
The woman always dresses in green.那位妇女总是穿绿色的衣服。
4、be in 表示穿着的状态。如:
John is in white today.约翰今天穿白色的衣服。
The man in black is a football coach.
19) a little, a few 与 a bit (of)
a little, a few 与 a bit (of) 都有“一些、少量”的意义。他们的区别在哪里呢?
1. a little 意为“一些、少量”,后接不可数名词。如:
There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一点水。
还可以接形容词。如:
He is a little shy. 他有些害羞。
2. a few 意为“一些、少数”,后接复数的可数名词。如:
There are a few people in the room. 房间里有一些人。
3. a bit 意为“一点儿”,后接形容词。如:
It's a bit cold. 有点冷。
a bit of 后接不可数名词。如:
He has a bit of money. 他有一点儿钱。
4. a little 表肯定意义,little 表否定意义;a few 表肯定意义,few 表否定意义。如:
There is a little soda in the glass. 杯子里有一点儿汽水。
There is little soda in the glass. 杯子里几乎没有汽水了。
I have a few Chinese friends. 我有一些中国朋友。
Few people like him. 几乎没有人喜欢他。
5. a little = a bit of, 后接不可数名词;
a little = a bit = a little bit = kind of, 后接形容词,意为“有点儿”。
20) 关于like的用法
like 可以作动词,也可以作介词。
1、like 作动词,表示一般性的“爱好、喜欢”,有泛指的含义。如:
Do you like the color?你喜爱这种颜色吗?
like 后可接不定式(like to do sth),也可接动词的-ing分词(like doing sth),有时意思不尽相同。如:
She likes eating apples.她喜爱吃苹果。(习惯)
She likes to eat an apple.她喜爱吃一粒苹果。(平常不喜欢吃)
like 与 would 连用,后接不定式,表示愿望或客气的请求。如:
Would you like a cup of tea?您愿意喝杯茶吗?
“喜欢某人做某事”可以用结构“like sb to do sth/doing sth”。如:
They all like me to sing/singing English songs.他们都喜欢我唱英文歌。
2、like 作介词,可译成“像......”。如:
She is friendly to us like a mother.她对我们友好,就像母亲一样。
It looks like an orange.它看起来像个桔子。
3、区分以下句子:
A. What does he look like?
B. What is he like?
A句译为“他长相如何?”指一个人的外貌特征;而B句译为“他人怎么样?”指人的性格特点。
C. The boy like Peter is over there.
D. A boy like Peter can't do it.
A句指外貌相似,而D句指性格相似。
21) stop to do sth 与 stop doing sth
1. stop to do sth 意为“停下来去做某事”。如:
The students stop to listen to their teacher.
学生们停下来去听他们老师讲话。
2. stop doing sth 意为“停止做某事”。如:
The students stopped talking. 学生们停止了谈话。
与它们相反的句式是:go on to do sth “继续做某事(与刚才一事不同)”和 go on doing sth “继续做某事(与刚才同一件事)”。如:
He finishes his homework and goes on to study English.
他完成了作业,接着继续去念英语。
They went on playing games. 他们继续玩游戏。