① 請用英語寫篇關於美國風俗習慣的文章
文章不幫你寫了,給你點資料算了,加油~~~
Life in the USA:
Customs and habits
Meeting someone
When meeting someone for the first time, it is customary to shake hands, both for men and for women. Hugs are only exchanged between close friends. Kissing is not common, and men never kiss other men.
Americans will usually introce themselves by their first name and last name (such as 「Hello, I』m John Smith」), or, if the setting is very casual, by their first name only (「Hi, I』m John」). The common response when someone is introced to you is 「Pleased to meet you.」 Unless someone is introced to you with their title and last name (such as Mister Smith or Miss Johnson), you should address them by their first name. Americans normally address everyone they meet in a social or business setting by their first name. However, you should always address your college professors by their title and last name (such as Professor Jones), unless they ask you to do otherwise.
Speaking on the telephone
Americans normally answer the telephone by simply saying "Hello". If you are calling a business, the person answering the phone will give the name of the business and usually their own name as well. If the person you would like to speak to has answered the phone, you should say hello and state your name. If not, you should ask for that person politely: 「May I please speak with Andrew Brown?」
The majority of Americans have answering machines in their homes. Also, the majority of businesses have voice mail accounts for their employees. When leaving a message, state your name clearly and leave a telephone number where you can be reached. Telephone messages should be brief and to the point.
Eating out
All restaurants in America accept cash for payment, and most (even some fast food restaurants) also accept credit cards. A few restaurants also accept ATM cards for payment. You will rarely find a restaurant that accepts checks.
It is common to have to wait for a table at a popular restaurant. There are many popular restaurants that do not accept reservations, or will only accept reservations for large parties (for example, six or more people). At these restaurants, the wait can be very long on a weekend night, sometimes up to 1 hour. However, almost all upscale, or more formal, restaurants will accept reservations.
Many restaurants in America (except for fast food restaurants) have a license to serve alcohol. Beer and wine are always available, and at some restaurants hard liquor (such as vodka or whisky) is also available. Restaurants that serve hard liquor are said to have 「a full bar.」 The drinking age in America is 21. If you look young, be prepared to show proof of your age when ordering alcohol.
Tipping
There are only a few situations where tipping is expected. The one you will encounter most often is at restaurants. American restaurants do not add a service charge to the bill. Therefore it is expected that the customer will leave a tip for the server. Common practice is to leave a tip that is equal to 15% of the total bill for acceptable service, and about 20% for superior service. If the service was unusually poor, then you could leave a smaller tip, about 10%.
Other professions where tipping is expected include hairdressers, taxi drivers, hotel porters, parking valets, and bartenders. The general rule is to tip approximately 15% of the bill. In situations where there is no bill (as with hotel porters and parking valets), the tip may range from $1 to $5, depending on the type of establishment and on how good the service was.
Smoking
Smoking is not as common in America as in many other countries. Generally, Americans smoke less than Europeans and much less than Asians. It is a practice that is becoming less and less socially acceptable.
Smoking is prohibited in many places. It is not allowed in any public buildings, on any public transportation (including airplane flights within the United States), in shops, movie theaters, schools, and office buildings. The general rule is if you are indoors, then you probably are not allowed to smoke. The exceptions are bars, nightclubs, and some restaurants. If a restaurant does allow smoking, it will only be in an area that is designated for smokers. If you are with someone, even outdoors, it is polite to ask if they mind before you start smoking.
The legal smoking age in America is 18. If you are buying cigarettes (or another tobacco proct) and you look young, the store clerk is required by law to ask you for proof of legal age. You should be prepared to provide identification.
中國人見面打招呼時，喜歡問「你吃了嗎？」「你去哪呀？」而西方人對此都感到很怪異。
Greeting
An American studying in China had an appointment at noon. As he was getting on his bicycle a Chinese friend passed by. "吃了嗎？" the young Chinese asked. This, of course, is a common Chinese greeting around meal time and the American merely nodded with a smile, waved goodbye and went off. He realized that his friend' s remark was nothing more than a Chinese way of saying Hello or Hi. If the greeting had been put literally into English "Have you eaten yet?" Or " Have you had your lunch? " It would have sounded rather unusual. To Americans, this greeting might mean this: "I haven't either. Come on, let' s go together and get something to eat." or "If you haven' t, I was just going to invite you to my place." In other words, it could indicate an invitation to a meal.
Actually , another foreign student who had not been long in China once complained in broken Chinese:" 你們為什麼老問我吃了飯沒有？我有錢。"To his way of thinking, people were concerned that he was not getting his meals properly because of lack of money. Clearly, he was offended. There is a similar Chinese greeting, such as 」上哪兒去啊？」」到哪兒去啦？」 which if translated literally, would be "Where are yon going?" Or "Where have you been?" The natural reaction of most English-speaking people to this greeting would most likely be "It' s none of your business!"
Fortunately, not all greetings sound strange or arouse displeasure. Many are similar , some are merely different. While greetings in many languages often indicate the time of day, there may be inconsistencies within a language. English has Good morning, Good afternoon and Good evening but not Good noon. And Good night is not a greeting at all, but an expression of farewell.
打招呼 一天中午，一個在中國學習的美國留學生有個約會。他剛要騎上自行車，一位中國朋友從旁邊走過，問他：「吃了嗎？」這是中國人在吃飯前後打招呼的常用語。美國留學生笑著點點頭，揮揮手錶示告別，就走了。他知道，中國朋友的話等於英語中的Hello或Hi，但如果照字面譯成Have you eaten yet？或Have you had yourlunch？外國人聽起來就很怪。 美國人會以為，這種打招呼似乎是說：「我也沒有吃。走吧，我們一起去吃點東西吧。」或者說：「如果沒有吃的話，我正要請你到我家去呢。」；總之，這樣打招呼有時意味著邀請對方去吃飯 。
發生過這樣的事。有一次，一個剛到中國不久的外國留學生結結巴巴地用漢語說：「你們為什麼老問我吃了飯沒有？我有錢。」他以為人們總問他「吃飯了嗎」是因為怕他沒錢吃飯。他顯然對這種問法感到生氣。 再如，漢語中的「上哪兒去啊？」和「到哪兒去啦？」這樣打招呼的話直譯成英語就是Where are you going？和Where have you been？用這兩句英語來打招呼，大部分講英語的人聽了會不高興，他們的反應很可能是：It' s none of your business! 你管得著嗎！
幸而，打招呼的話並不都令人感到奇怪或者引起對方反感。有許多打招呼的話是相似的，有些只是說法不同。在許多語言里，打招呼的話往往是相似的，有些只是說法不同。在許多語言里，打招呼的話往往與時間有關，但即使在一種語言中也有不一致的地方。英語中有Good morning, Good afternoon, Good evening 都相當於漢語中的「您好」，只是說的時間不同而已，但不說Good noon。而 Good night （晚安；明天見；再會）根本不是打招呼的話，這只是告別時說的話。
兩個中國人初次見面時，沒有什麼特別的漢語說法，而多數講英語的人初次見面總要說 I'm pleased to meet you (認識你很高興）之類的客套話。分手時，他們還要說句 It's nice meeting you或It's nice to have met you（能認識你很高興）之類的話。
人們分手時通常說Good-bye，Bye－bye，相當於中國人說「再見」。幾乎所有語言中都有類似的說法。但在說 Good－bye或「再見」之前，還有些客套語很有意思，各種語言也不盡相同。如有貴客或不大熟的人來訪或串門兒，客人離開時，按中國的習慣，主人要把客人送到房門口或大門口。客人對主人說「請留步」，主人最後要說「走好」、「慢走」、「慢點兒騎（自行車）之類的客套話。這些說法部不能直接譯成英語。如果說Stay here,聽起來十分別扭。如果說Go slowly, Walk slowly或Ride slowly，也很不自然。其實，微微一笑並作個表示再見的手勢就可以了。
② 誰有關於外國風俗習慣的英語文章
Good basic table manners are important because they ensure that both guests and hosts are comfortable at the table. Table manners are mostly common sense. Following these will carry you through most common situations from Formal Dinners to a night of poker with the guys.
1. Sit up straight. Try not to slouch or lean back in your chair (even if you are playing cards and don't want you opponents to see your hand).
2. Don't speak with your mouth full of food. Sure, you've heard your mother say it a hundred times, but no one likes to see a ball of masticated meat in your mouth. If you feel you must speak immediately, if you have only a relatively small bite, tuck it into your cheek with your tongue and speak briefly.
3. Chew quietly, and try not to slurp. This is a corollary of rule number 2. Making noises is not only unappetizing, and distracting, but it can also interrupt the flow of conversation.
4. Keep bites small. In order to facilitate the above rules it is smart to keep bite sizes to a moderate forkful. Cut meat and salad so that it doesn't hang from your mouth after you shovel it in. Don't cut all of your meat at one time, this tends to remind people of feeding small children - and the messiness associated with this activity.
5. Eat at a leisurely pace. This rule, besides being good for the digestion, also shows your host that you want to enjoy the food and the company. Eating quickly and running is sign of disrespect for the host, as it shows that your focus is on the food and that you would rather be at home watching the grass grow than passing time with your host.
6. Don't wave utensils in the air, especially knives or if there is food on them. Besides the danger of knocking over glasses, piercing waiters or launching a pea into the eye of your date, this is a sign of over-excitedness that may be unappealing to those present. Earnestness is to be commended, but irrational exuberance goes beyond the limits of good table manners.
7. Keep your elbows off the table. You have also heard this one from your mother, ad infinitum, but in close dining situations it is a vital rule. Elbows take up table space and can be a danger in knocking plates or glasses. Elbows on the table give you something to lean on and tend to lull you into slouching. If you must lean on the table a good tactic is to take a roll or piece of bread into your free hand and rest part of your forearm on the table.
8. Don't Reach. You don't want to get in the way of people either eating or talking. Not only is it as impolite as standing in front of a TV with other people behind you, but there is always the possibility of upsetting glasses or running your sleeve through someone's mashed potatoes.
9. Don't forget please and thank you. These are handy words in most situations but especially vital at the table where common courtesies are noticed by everyone present.
10. Excuse yourself when leaving the table. You don't want people to think that you are tired of their company. If you must leave the table make your excuses somewhat obvious and appear to be pressing. You want to leave people with the impression that you would rather remain at the table talking with them than doing anything else, but the matter at hand is so pressing that it must be attended to at once.
11. Compliment the Cook. Even if the food is perfectly awful say something nice. You don't have to lie, simply find the positive side of the burnt leg of lamb..."Gee, the sauce was sure tasty." It is always pleasant to end a meal on a positive note.
12. Wipe your mouth before drinking. Ever notice that disgusting smudge on the edge of your wine glass? This can be avoided by first wiping your lips with your napkin. (Thanks to Lindy Hill for this contribution.)
希望幫到你，感覺這個比較符合你的要求。
③ 介紹外國風俗的英語文章
英美文化-Driving 美國人的開車習慣
Meet Mitsuaki. He recently arrived in the United States to enter university. He wants to do well in his studies and adjust to the new culture. But Mitsuaki has a problem. It''s not his roommates. It''s not his school fees. It''s not even his English ability. Mitsuaki''s problem is that he doesn''t have a car. And in America, that really makes him a foreigner. Mitsuaki has already discovered a basic fact of American culture: Driving is a way of life.
介紹你認識三和木，他最近剛到美國上大學。他的目標是想把書讀好並且讓自己能夠適應這個新的文化。但三和木卻遇到了一個問題。問題不是室友，不是學費，甚至不是他的英文能力，三和木的問題是沒有車。在美國，沒有車真的會讓他成了一個十足的外國人。三和木已經發現了美國文化中一個很基本的事實：開車是一種生活方式。
It''s not that there''s no public transportation in America. Many cities have taxis, buses and subways to help commuters get to and from work. Some large universities even have buses to take students to classes across campus. But most people find it much more convenient to drive, even if they do have to deal with traffic. Nowadays busy families often have more than one vehicle. Many people view their car as a status symbol. But no matter their social status, people without wheels feel tied down.
美國不是沒有大眾運輸工具，很多都市都有計程車、公車和地下鐵幫助通車族上下班。有些規模大的大學甚至有公車在校園里載送學生到各個教室上課。不過大部份的人還是覺得開車更方便，即使他們得面對交通擁擠的問題。現今忙碌的家庭通常擁有一輛以上的車。很多人把車子視為地位的象徵，但是不管他們的社會地位如何，沒有車的人往往覺得很受束縛。.
When Mitsuaki first arrived, he was amazed at how young many American drivers there were. Young people in America often get their driver''s license around age 16 by passing a written test and a driving test. In many cases, before they can get their license, they have to take a driver ecation course. This course gives students hands-on practice with driving. It also helps to rece the high cost of insurance. For teenagers, being able to drive--and in some cases, have their own car--is a big deal. It gives them a sense of power and freedom. Many young Americans consider a driver''s license a right, not a privilege. It''s rare to find an American teenager without one.
當三和木剛抵達美國時，他很驚訝美國許多開車的人年紀實在很輕。美國的年輕人通常在16歲左右就會通過筆試和路考，取得駕照。很多時候在他們取得駕照之前，他們必須上一個駕駛人教育課程，這個課程提供給學生們實際的駕駛練習，它也有助於降低高額的保險費。對青少年來說，能夠開車，甚至擁有一輛自己的車是一件了不起的事，因為它帶給他們一種權力與自由的感覺。很多美國的年輕人把駕照視為一種權利，而不是一項特權。在美國要找到一個沒有駕照的青少年是很不容易的。
Mitsuaki finally decides that he needs a car. His host family helps him find a good used car to buy. But before he gets his license and starts driving, he has to understand that the American style of driving is defensive, not offensive. He also needs to learn some of the basic rules of the road that good drivers follow.
10 Commandments of Good Driving in America:
1. Yield to vehicles who have the right of way.
2. Don''t cut in front of other vehicles.
3. Drive within the speed limit.
4. Obey all road signs and police officers.
5. Pull over to the side of the road when you hear a siren.
6. Stop completely at red lights and stop signs.
7. Yield to pedestrians in crosswalks.
8. Park only in a designated parking space.
9. Use your turn signals when turning or changing lanes.
10. Don''t drink and drive.
三和木最後終於決定他需要一輛車，他的寄宿家庭幫助他找到了一輛好的二手車。但是在他拿到駕照並且開始開車之前，他必須先了解，美國人的開車方式是屬於防守型，而不是進攻型。他也需要學習一些好的駕駛人應該遵守的基本道路規則。
在美國優良駕駛的十大誡命：
1. 禮讓有先行權的車子。
2. 不超車。
3. 行車不超速。
4. 遵守所有的路標和交通警察的指揮。
5. 聽到警笛聲時，立即靠邊停車。
6. 遇到紅燈和停止標志時要完全停下來。
7. 在行人穿越道上要禮讓行人。
8. 只能在指定的停車地區內停車。
9. 轉彎或換車道時要打方向燈。
10. 不要酒後駕車。
As a car owner, Mitsuaki has the responsibility of maintaining his car. He knows that regular maintenance checkups can help to prevent many serious problems. But no matter how careful the maintenance, all vehicles need to be repaired sometimes. Many Americans take their cars to a garage for maintenance and repairs. Others like to work on their own vehicles. Not Mitsuaki. He decides that being a student is enough work for him.
身為一個車主，三和木必須負責維修他的車子，他知道定期作保養檢查可以預防許多嚴重的問題發生。不過，不管多麼小心地保養，所有的車子有時候都必須修理。很多美國人把他們的車子送到車廠保養和修理；有些人則喜歡自己動手修車。但三和木可不這么做。他覺得當一個學生已經夠他忙的了。
Driving is to Americans what flying is to birds. It''s almost part of their nature. For many Americans, being behind the wheel is like their natural habitat. But if they don''t drive carefully, they can become an endangered species.
開車對美國人的必要性，就像鳥兒需要飛翔一樣，幾乎就是他們天性的一部份。對許多美國人而言，「坐在方向盤後面」就像是他們自然棲息之處。不過，如果他們不小心開車的話，他們可就會變成瀕臨危險的動物了。
去書店買一本配套的閱讀練習書，每天保證最少做兩篇。。慢慢的就會好起來的建議你直接買真題或著華研出的專塊訓練 星火英語出的 《大學英語四級
⑤ 高分求介紹關於美國文化的英文作文~1000字左右~不勝感激~
英語作文：美國文化_網路版文權庫http://wenku..com/view/e674c88ba0116c175f0e48b1.html
⑥ 關於美國風俗習慣的英語作文
聖誕節吃火雞!情人節送自己心愛的人巧克力!萬聖節開PRETY,大家可以穿上各種恐怖怪異的服裝!在美國一般不能問女人的年齡!
⑦ 求一篇美國風俗習慣的英語短文（100字左右）
America is said to be a country on the wheel, which means almost one in four is driving on the road. As we all know that America is a big melting port. It proves that the life there is different from other country in many aspects , such as language , religons, culture and customs, and there are many holidays in America , local or not. Independent day is a local traditional festival in America, which is a aniversary of the independent of American in the history, it is on 4th July, the day when the war was end and then came the foundation of the united states of Amercan.
⑧ 求一篇關於美國文化的英語作文
As we know,America is a young country,however,its culture is quite splendid,which is admitted by people all over the world,especially its fastfood culture.
In 1948,the Richards opened up the first fastfood restaurant,named Mcdonald's,beside a highway.In order to attract people passing by,they lifted up the golden neon signs,mainly selling out the hamburgers,milkshake,soda water and so on which are packed with paper bags.Due to it's convenient to carry with,those people that on the car can find the solution to eating,therefore,it's very popular with the Americans.Based on the instrial pipeline,a new kind of the fastfood came into being.With its appearance,a new lifestyle started to spread to the whole America,even affected the whole world later on.
In my opinion,the reason why the American fastfood is so popular owes to people's fast rhythm of life,and Americans are always seeking for the high efficiency no matter in their work or life.
自己寫滴，供樓主參考。不知道字數夠不夠。
⑨ 美國的風俗文化、英漢互譯的
父親節(Father's Day)，讓我們由衷的說一聲：爸爸，我愛你！父親節快樂！
世界上的第一個父親節，1910 年誕生在美國。
人們在慶祝母親節的同時，並沒有忘記父親的功績。1909年就開始有入建議確定父親節。據說第一個提出這種建議的是華盛頓的約翰?布魯斯?多德夫人。多德夫人的母親早亡，其父獨自一人承擔起撫養教育孩子的重任，把他們全部培養成人。1909年，多德夫人感念父親養育之恩，准備為他舉行慶祝活動，同時，想到所有的父親對家庭和社會的貢獻，於是給當地一家教士協會寫信，建議把6月的第三個星期日定為父親節。該協會將建議提交會員討論，獲得了通過。1910年6月，人們便在此慶祝了第一個父親節。
當時，凡是父親已故的人都佩戴一朵白玫瑰，父親在世的人則佩戴紅玫瑰。這種習俗一直流傳至今。但是開始時父親節的日期各不相同，而且有的地方用蒲公英作為父親節的象徵，有的地方則用襯有一片綠葉的白丁香作為父親節的象徵。直到1934年6月，美國國會才統一規定6月的第三個星期日為父親節。
後來，全世界有二十多個國家通過教堂儀式、送卡和禮物來紀念父親節。每年全美國要在五千六百萬令人尊敬的父親們身上花去十多億美元禮品費，但在禮品的種類上除了領帶和雪茄煙外其它東西很少。很多人認為給父親買禮物最難。其實有很多有趣的、合適的禮物是會令父親們開心的。
Father's Day
(Third Sunday in June)
The United States is one of the few countries in the world that has an official day on which fathers are honored by their children. On the third Sunday in June, fathers all across the United States are given presents, treated to dinner or otherwise made to feel special. .
The origin of Father』s Day is not clear. Some say that it began with a church service in West Virginia in 1908. Others say the first Father』s Day ceremony was held in Vancouver, Washington.
The president of the Chicago branch of the Lions』 Club, Harry Meek, is said to have celebrated the first Father』s Day with his organization in 1915; and the day that they chose was the third Sunday in June, the closest date to Meek』s own birthday!
Regardless of when the first true Father』s Day occurred, the strongest promoter of the holiday was Mrs. Bruce John Dodd of Spokane, Washington. Mrs. Dodd felt that she had an outstanding father. He was a veteran of the Civil War. His wife had died young, and he had raised six children without their mother.
In 1909, Mrs. Dodd approached her own minister and others in Spokane about having a church service dedicated to fathers on June 5, her father』s birthday. That date was too soon for her minister to prepare the service, so he spoke a few weeks later on June 19th. From then on, the state of Washington celebrated the third Sunday in June as Father』s Day. Children made special desserts, or visited their fathers if they lived apart.
States and organizations began lobbying Congress to declare an annual Father』s Day. In 1916, President Woodrow Wilson approved of this idea, but it was not until 1924 when President Calvin Coolidge made it a national event to "establish more intimate relations between fathers and their children and to impress upon fathers the full measure of their obligations." Since then, fathers had been honored and recognized by their families throughout the country on the third Sunday in June.
When children can』t visit their fathers or take them out to dinner, they send a greeting card. Traditionally, fathers prefer greeting cards that are not too sentimental. Most greeting cards are whimsical so fathers laugh when they open them. Some give heartfelt thanks for being there whenever the child needed Dad.
隨便與約束
歐洲人比較死板，喜歡拘泥於細節，德國人和英國人在這方面表現得特別突出。美國人則不然，待人處事上表現得靈活隨便。幾乎每個英國紳士都知道他們應該怎樣做才不失紳士風度；而美國人，盡管有關禮儀的書充斥於市，卻很少在禮節和習俗上統一起來。除了在上層社交場合，美國的普通民眾在社會交往中大多擺脫了種種不利於人們接近的等級性清規戒律。
美國人的這種待人接物態度反映了他們的思想觀念。在美國人看來，禮貌規范是由人制訂出來的，它們不應該成為限制人的僵硬模式。因此，在美國，沒有法庭制訂社會禮節，也沒有上層階級強行規定執行這類禮節。各種社會禮節主要按照人們的生性習慣去落實在行動上。
由於美國人在行為舉止上較少約束自己，他們在許多方面都表現得很隨便。他們說話隨便，衣著隨便，吃東西隨便，對人的態度也隨便。不了解他們的人以為美國人放縱粗魯，不成體統，上，這是美國人的隨便習性。反映在英語語言使用上，美國人對它的「為我所用」態度，常地些墨守成規的老派文人痛心疾首；而那些廣泛地滸於民間的不規則表達法，更使不少語法學家徒嘆無奈。至於語言中含蓄地表現社會等級觀念的詞語，美國人常常不屑一顧，置之不理。
也可能由於美國人對清規戒律缺乏重視，他們的紀律觀念比較淡薄，這常使行政官員和執行紀律的人感到頭痛。有一種說法，說是英國人認為遵守規章是種樂趣，而美國人則把強硬要求他遵守某種規定看作是對他的不敬、甚至侮辱。美國黨校里，學生紀律鬆散；美國家庭里，父母管教孩子不嚴；美國軍隊里，士兵自由散漫更是遠近聞名。
令人驚訝的是，美國的教育還算成功，美國的孩子長大後大多成為好父母、好公民，美國的軍隊也偶爾能打些勝仗。這種看似矛盾的現象也許可以這樣解釋：美國人熱愛自由，不願被人強行控制，然而在真正行使自由權利時，他們仍受法律觀念約束，有分寸地在自己的許可權范圍內「自由瀟灑」。
事實上，盡管美國人表面上辦事滿不在乎，不尊重法律，但實際上，美國人是極其崇尚法治的。世界上沒有哪一個國家象美國那樣下功夫研究法律，也沒有哪一個國家的律師象美國那樣在政治和日常生活中起如此重要的作用。美國人可以無所顧忌地用粗話批評總統和國會，但對最高法院卻以敬畏的精神相待。這也許是美國人在隨便與約束上保持平衡、弛張相宜的最好例證。
個人主義與合作精神
說起個人主義，人們很容易想到利慾薰心、唯利是圖的資產階級倫理價值觀，尤其是像美國這種典型的資本主義國愛。其實，英文里的個人主義（indivialism）在美國有兩層意思。第一層是它的積極意義，指的是個人自我獨立、自我奮斗、自己掌握自己命運的執著精神。這層意義上的個人主義常與這樣的美國人形象相聯系：他是一個勇敢堅強的拓荒者，向荒野遷移，與蠻夷作伴，用自己的智慧和力量獨辟蹊徑，鋪設成功之路，他所做的一切充滿著創業精神和獨特活力。第二層是它的消極意義，指的是個人為了追求自己的利益，置他人利益和公共利益於不顧，瘋狂索取，貪得無厭。這層意義上的個人主義常與這樣的美國人形象相聯系：他是一個自私自利的投機分子，為了滿足個人的種種慾望，不擇手段、不顧一切地從社會和大自然中攫取有用之物，對社會福利和自然環境冷談麻木，漠不關心。可以這么講，個人主義的這兩層意思是該詞內涵所不可分割的一個整體，如同一枚硬幣有其正反兩面一樣。
從好的角度說，個人主義有利於創業精神的弘揚，它給人以機會，賦予自由，鼓勵多樣性，從而推動和促進了美國的工業、農業、科技、教育、娛樂和體育的發展。從壞的角度來講，個人主義的無節制膨脹給大自然造成了很大的破壞，也給社會中的人際關系抹上了一層厚厚的冷霜。許多人在冷酷的個人主義的競爭、擠壓下，或生活潦倒、心灰意懶，或人性扭曲、憤世嫉俗。因此，從個人主義的積極、消極兩方面因素來看，問題的關鍵是如何抑惡揚善，而這也是美國文化中始終沒有妥善解決的「難結」。
不過，令人值得我味的是，美國人雖然個人主義強盛，但他們也很願意合作。可以這么講，除英國之外，西文國家中沒有哪個國家象美國人那樣願意為某種共同的目的而自願聯合起來；沒有哪個國家私人的聯合會有美國那樣多和那樣卓有成效。
在歐洲大陸，建立一個教會、一所學院、一座醫院、一個慈善機關，往往費時費勁，困難重重。但在美國，只要個人或團體有興趣就可以輕易地建立這類機構。於是，各種各樣的紛紛成立――樂施行善的、繁榮商業的組織、影響政治的組織、收集歷史資料的組織、規劃未來的組織、研究文化的組織、擁有槍支的組織等等，不一而足。幾乎社會上的每個人都有自己的組織：學校里的男女孩子，商人和學者，朋友和領居，老移民和新移民，素食者和戒酒者，集郵愛好者，心臟病患者等，統統都有自己的組織。這種現象說明，人們在追求個性發展的同時，仍注重團體組織的建設，以保證社會能有秩序和穩定，使個人利益和集體利益之間達到一定程度的平衡。
Casual and Constraints
Europeans relatively rigid, like dwell on details, the Germans and the British in this regard was particularly prominent. Americans are not, treat people behave flexibly dealing with such matters lightly. Almost every English gentleman knows how to do it they should not lose gentleman; while the Americans, even though the etiquette books filled in the city, but rarely in the etiquette and custom unified. In addition to the upper social occasions, the United States, ordinary people are mostly in social interaction is not concive to people from various levels of rules and prohibitions in close proximity.
This interpersonal attitude of the Americans reflects their ideas. The Americans, the polite norms are worked out by people, they should not be restrictions on people's rigid model. Thus, in the United States without a court the formulation of social etiquette, nor to dictate the implementation of such upper-class etiquette. All kinds of social etiquette primarily used in accordance with people's natural disposition to implement the action.
As the Americans on the lower bound by their own behavior, they have performed in many ways, very casually. They talk casually, dress casually and to eat lightly on the people's casual attitude. People think that Americans do not understand that their inlgence rude, Buchengtitong,, this is casual habits of Americans. Is reflected in the English language use, the Americans it's "for our own use" attitude, often in some old-fashioned literary bitter legalistic; while those wide irregular Hu Yu folk expressions, but also quite a number of grammarians and regretful helpless. As for the language, implicitly, the performance of the social hierarchy of the words, Americans are often dismissive of
Ignored.
Americans may also be e to the lack of attention to the rules and prohibitions, and their discipline is rather weak, which often allow the executive officials and discipline were a headache. There is a saying that the British believe that compliance with regulations is a species of pleasure, while Americans put the firm asked him to comply with certain requirements as to his disrespectful, even insulting. The United States Party, the loose discipline of students; U.S. families, the parents raise the children loose; U.S. army soldiers, it is well known for lax.
Surprisingly, the U.S. ecation successfully, the United States, most children grow up to be good parents, good citizens, the U.S. military forces can play some occasional victories. This seemingly contradictory phenomenon may be interpreted in this way: Americans love freedom, unwilling to be forcibly took control, but a genuine exercise of the rights and freedoms, they are still bound by legal concepts, there are measured in their own within the purview of "freedom natural and unrestrained. "
In fact, while Americans, on the surface of things not care and does not respect the law, but in fact, Americans are extremely upholding the rule of law. No country in the world like the United States, as efforts to study law, there is no a single country like the United States attorney, as in politics and everyday life from such an important role. Americans can not bashful about criticizing the president and Congress to use foul language, but the Supreme Court was to treat the spirit of awe. This may be casual and constraints on the Americans to maintain a balance, the best example of affordable relaxation.
Indivialism and the spirit of cooperation
Speaking of indivialism, it is easy to think of acquisitiveness Xunxin, mercenary bourgeois ethical values, particularly as the United States love this classic capitalist country. In fact, the English language of indivialism (indivialism) in the United States has two meanings. The first layer is its positive meaning, refers to an indivial self-contained, self-struggle, their dedication to master their own destiny. This sense of indivialism often associated with images such as the Americans tied: he is a strong courageous pioneer migration to the wilderness, and barbarians companion, with their own wisdom and strength of its way to laying the road to success,
Everything he did was full of entrepreneurial spirit and a unique vitality. The second is its negative meaning, refers to an indivial in order to pursue their own interests, and placing the interests of others and public interest expense, crazy obtained from greed. This sense of indivialism often associated with images such as the Americans tied: he is a selfish opportunists, in order to meet the various desires of indivials, unscrupulous, desperate to grab from the society and the nature of the materials useful for social welfare and the natural environment frigid numbness, indifference. So to say that these two meanings of indivialism is the connotation of the word an integral whole, as a coin has its pros and cons of the same.
The good point of view, indivialism is concive to entrepreneurship promotion, which gives the opportunity to give freedom, encourage diversity, so as to promote and facilitate the U.S. instry, agriculture, science and technology, ecation, entertainment and sports development. From a negative perspective, the indivialistic nature of the unrestrained expansion to cause a great deal of damage, but also to interpersonal relationships in society has cast a thick layer of cold cream. Many people in the cold indivialistic competition, squeezed, or living down and out, discouraged, or human distortions, cynical. Therefore, from the indivialism of the active and passive, two factors point of view,
The key question is how to promote good or evil, which is also the American culture has not properly resolve the "difficult to knot."
However, it is worthy of my taste, the Americans although the indivialism strong, but they are also willing to cooperate. , So to speak, in addition to English, the Western countries, no country like the United States, as a common goal and are willing to voluntarily join together; no country is a federation of private sector as much as the United States, and so fruitful.
In continental Europe, the establishment of a church, a college, a hospital, a charitable body, often time-consuming and laborious and difficult. However, in the United States, as long as indivials or groups who are interested can easily create such institutions. As a result, have set up a variety of - the implementation of good fun, the prosperity of business organization, to influence political organization, to collect historical data organization, planning for the future of the organization, research culture of the organization, with gun organizations, etc., not an adequate one. Almost everyone in society has its own organization: the school's boys and girls, businessmen and academics, friends, and collar ranks, the old immigrants and new immigrants,
Vegetarians and alcohol who philatelists, heart disease, etc. As such, all have their own organization. This phenomenon indicates that people in the pursuit of personal development and still pay attention to the building society organizations to ensure that the community can have order and stability, so that between the indivial interests and collective interests to achieve a certain degree of balance.
夠了吧
⑩ 給我一篇關於美國風情的英語短文
Weddings in the United States vary as much as the people do. There are church weddings with a great deal of fanfare; there are weddings on mountain-tops with guests barefooted; and there have been weddings on the ocean floor with oxygen tanks for the guests. But many weddings, no matter where or how they are performed, include certain traditional customs.
Before a couple is married, they become engaged. And then invitations are sent to those who live nearby, their close friends and their relatives who live far away. When everything is ready, then comes the most exciting moment.
The wedding itself usually lasts between 20 and 40 minutes. The wedding party enters the church while the wedding march[1] is played. The bride carrying a bouquet enters last with her father who will "give her away".The groom enters the church from a side door. When the wedding party is gathered by the altar, the bride and groom exchange vows. It is traditional to use the words "To have and to hold from this day forward, for better, for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness and in health, to love and to cherish, till death do us part[3]". Following the vows, the couple exchange rings. Wearing the wedding ring on the fourth finger of the left hand is an old custom.
After the ceremony there is often a party, called a "reception" which gives the wedding guests an opportunity to congratulate the newlyweds.
The car in which the couple leaves the church is decorated with balloons, streamers and shaving cream. The words "Just Married" are painted on the trunk or back window. The bride and groom run to the car under a shower of rice[4] thrown by the wedding guests. When the couple drives away from the church, friends often chase them in cars, honking and drawing attention to them. And then the couple go on their honeymoon.
第二篇（關於American Dinning Customs ）
Every country has its peculiar customs(習慣）. Americans feel that the first rule of being a polite guest is to be prompt(准時的）. If a person is invited to dinner at 6:30, he should not be there too early. He should be there on time or at most a few minutes after. When the guests cannot come on time, he should call the host or hostess(女主人）on the telephone, give the reason and tell what time he can come.
As guests continue(繼續）to arrive, the men in the group should stand when a woman goes into the room and continue to stand until she sits. When the guests sit down at a table, the men should help the ladies by pushing their chairs under them.
Americans drink soup from the side of the soup spoon instead of the tip(尖）. It's not a good manner to leave a spoon in a soup bowl or coffee cup or any food plate. It is put on the saucer where it belongs. If for any reason a guest has to leave the table ring a meal, he should ask the hostess, 「Will you excuse me for a minute?」 Following the meal, guests usually stay for two hours or so, but the thoughtful person is careful not to overstay his welcome. As the guests, they should thank the hostess for a very pleasant evening. After two or three days, the guests should ring up or write to the hostess to express(表達）their thanks again.
第三篇
America is well-known for its equality, liberty, fraternity. Everyone is very friendly and informal. Children often call their parents by their first names and at work. Subordinates do not normally use "Mister" when addressing their supervisors. To those visitors who come from a more rigid and stratified society, such casualness can be confusing, leading to egregious（嚴重的）blunders. Conversely, many worldly, sophisticated Americans appear mortified because they feel America is not "civilized," with a capital "C." However, we know of terribly embarrassing incidents from mistakes which only an innocent foreigner would have made.
Public displays of affection between the sexes are very common, unlike perhaps where you have come from. In many cities, especially San Francisco, homosexuality is an accepted way of life. You may therefore see men being affectionate with men and women with women. If you disapprove of homosexuals because of your religious or cultural beliefs, please keep it to yourself. You might even find yourself a guest in a gay person's home-and might become shocked to realize that your host is a normal human being like any other and that you are actually enjoying his hospitality. Many couples also live together without being married-and may never marry. But you must realize their bond is probably as strong as the bond of marriage. So don't think one of them is available for a "date."
America is a notoriously "open" society, and to most foreigners Americans often appear exceptionally and "instantly" friendly. But sometimes such openness can lead to serious misunderstanding, especially between men and women. A casual invitation to have drinks and/or dinner does not mean that your American host also wants to become "intimate" with you afterwards. So be careful not to read too much into a friendly invitation
不知道你需要你方面的美國風情
所以從美國婚禮、美國飲食、美國總體的風俗習慣貼了三篇。
希望對你有幫助