① 高中英語閱讀策略 方面的 論文 研究方向有哪些
『Love me, love my
② 論文<高中英語寫作策略>請高手幫忙(要中\英文對照)謝謝了
一、滴水穿石
俗話說「千里之行始於足下」。英語書面的表達能力的形成不是一日之功，也不是一周兩月之功，必須從平時的課堂教學一點一滴抓起，持之以恆，滴水穿石，才有可能最後解決英語書面表達的難題。
高中英語課堂以課文教學為主，結合課文教學抓住學生英語書面表達的難點和關鍵——謂語動詞語義比較語法形式變化，採取多種形式進行寫作的基本訓練，是培養學生英語書面表達能力的主要手段之一。具體做法是：①課文的詞彙教學，不局限於照本宣章，而是結合英語的構詞，同義反義比較，名詞的可數與不可數詞義的區別，加強學生對英語詞形變化的理解，擴充他們的詞彙量，鼓勵他們口筆頭造句，藉此培養學生用完整句子表意的能力。②課文教學的過程讀、寫、聽、說交替。一般聽說在先，讀寫在後。針對寫作訓練的聽、說、讀、寫要注意材料內容的語言形式和課文內容的語言形式要有適當的變化和整體的系統性，以課文內容的提問為例，教師提問用的詞語結構和課文內容相關，但和課文語言所用詞語要有適當的差異，使學生稍加思考能夠理解，為學生同樣意思多種英語近似表達形式添磚加瓦，積累材料，在不知不覺中了解掌握更多的英語語句表達。③指導學生就課文內容進行長句短寫，短句詳寫的口筆頭練習，幫助學生熟練掌握英語中常用動詞句子的結構變化，單句和復句的異同關鍵所在。使用頻率高，結構變化較多的英語常用動詞如Wishhopeexpect之類的動詞要經常反復採用不同形式練習，幫助學生熟練掌握常用動詞句子結構和詞義區別，逐步在心理上樹立用英語造句達意的信心和習慣。④有時結合課文，有時另外補充材料，採用各種形式指導學生改寫、縮寫或連詞完成短文或填詞完成短文。
然而英語課文教學中所進行的以上寫作訓練指導並不解決英語書面表達的全部，這一過程主要抓住英語動詞和單復句的變化，少而精地進行英語書面表達的基礎訓練，為培養學生扎實的語言書面表達能力還需要廣泛的多而雜的英文閱讀。
二、蓄勢待發
「讀書破萬卷，下筆如有神」。這句話生動說明了書面表達和廣泛閱讀的關系。世界著名的外語教學家美國人StephenKrashen在其1993年出版的教學理論力作《Power of Reading——Insight from the research》中指出外語過程中①外語書讀的多的人，其讀寫能力比讀書量少的人強。②第二語言的閱讀量和語言的習得之間有肯定的關系。表明，正確指導學生閱讀是解決詞彙和迅速提高第二語言的有效必由之路。讀書和寫作就好比輸入和輸出，沒有足夠的輸入吸收是不可能有大量的輸出的。
高中學生詞彙量有限，各科作業負擔沉重，英語閱讀必須考慮、難易適當，時間上盡可能不給他們加重額外負擔。經過比較選擇，採用省高校出版社發行的「高中英語泛讀教程」為主，國家級刊物「高中英語畫刊」和全國發行的「中學生報」和「英語輔導報」為輔。這幾種閱讀材料內容廣泛，語言生動，體裁多樣，文章長短適宜，很受學生們的歡迎。時間安排平時利用早自習限時完成，以每分鍾50到100個單詞閱讀量，高三年級每周用兩節課的時間專門用於學生自己自由閱讀英文雜志和報刊，老師個別指導解答問題，一般經過兩學期到三學期的堅持閱讀，學生們就會感到英語常用詞的基本詞義和情景有很大提高。動詞的結構和變換也比較熟悉和習慣了，實際上學生已在不知不覺充滿樂趣地完成了英語詞彙的鞏固強化這個艱巨任務，為用英語進行書面表達積累了必需的詞語、句式和背景方面的材料。學生進行英語閱讀時是否積極主動，滿懷熱情，對於語言材料的理解和吸收極大，若是抱著完成老師作業的態度讀書，就可能出現和尚念經有口無心，前面看過，後面忘光的現象。因此，僅僅為學生選擇適宜有趣的讀物和安排一定的時間還不夠，教師要想法在指導學生閱讀的過程中激發培養學生主動學習外語的興趣，增強學生學外語的自信心，形成良好正確閱讀外文材料的習慣，基本的做法是經常讓學生個別地在自己的同學面前理解，成功地完成有適當難度的英語閱讀問題，老師及時給以鼓勵。
三、提綱挈領
英語書面表達的綜合訓練要提綱挈領是相對省時有效的。尤其高三畢業班時間緊，復習量大，更是如此。這里的「綱」指的是教學大綱和綱要說明要求學生掌握的重要語法概念和書面表達各種不同文體及要求。這里的「領」是說書面表達訓練過程要先口頭訓練，後筆頭訓練，貫穿始終。
以考綱加大綱要求的各種書面表達形式為順序，在高三英語總復習的過程中分別進行專門的寫作訓練指導，目的明確，便於安排；針對性強，容易歸納。每個專項，結合文體，進行先口頭，後筆頭的寫作訓練，可以使學生相互交流，取長補短，集思廣益，
更好地掌握同一話題，文體的多種表達形式和不同的連貫組合。也有利於增強學生書面表達的自信心和准確性，減少不必要的簡單錯誤，實際上等於一種話題和文體進行兩次以上語篇表達訓練，無形中起到鞏固強化作用。以考綱和大綱要求掌握的文體寫通知為例，來說明一下如何進行總復習的寫作訓練：①用投影儀打出同一內容的口頭通知和書面通知比較其格式和句式特點。②讓學生口頭復述同一內容的兩種通知。③教師提供另一內容通知的要求和必要的詞語。④由學生准備個別發言，口頭表達通知要求盡可能用不同的英語句子結構和語序表達類似的內容。⑤教師組織比較學生口頭表達中不同結構和語序的異同和效果。⑥歸納口頭和筆頭通知常用的各種開頭語；中間內容的動詞結構；結尾要求的套話和基本格式。⑦布置口頭筆頭通知的書面練習。⑧收回練習，即時批改，在課堂上交流學生寫的有特色或基本正確的通知。⑨集體或個別翻譯復習通知的開頭、中間和結尾的常用句式。以上具體步驟是學生進行書面表達訓練時採用的基本程序，由此可大概看出書面表達是如何提綱挈領進行訓練的。
First, power of perseverance
As the saying goes "line of beginning the great distance toyou". English written expression ability formation is not merit of thefirst, also is not week two months merit, must grasp bit by bit fromthe usual classroom instruction, perseveres, the power ofperseverance, only then has the possibility finally to solve Englishwritten expression difficult problem.
The high school English classroom by the text teaching primarily, theunion text teaching holds the student English written expression thedifficulty and the key - predicate verb semantics comparisongrammatical form change, adopts the many kinds of forms to carry onwriting the basic training, raises one of student English writtenexpression ability main methods. The concrete procere is: (1) Thetext glossary teaching, does not limit to according to the textproclaims the chapter, but is unifies English the construction word,the synonymy counter- righteousness comparison, the noun may countwith cannot count the word meaning the difference, strengthens thestudent to English morphological changes understanding, expands theirvocabulary, encourages their mouth writing skill to create sentences,to borrow this to train the student to use complete sentence 子表Italy the ability. (2) The text teaching process reads, writes,listens, to say takes turn. Generally hears in first, read-write inafter. Listens in view of the writing training, to say, to read,writes must pay attention to the material content the language formand the text content language form must have the suitable change andthe whole systematic characteristic, take the text content inquiry asthe example, the teacher inquires the words and expressions structureand the text content which uses is related, but uses the words andexpressions with the text language to have to have the suitabledifference, causes the student slightly to ponder can understand,contributes labor and materials for the student similar meaning manykinds of English approximate expression form, the accumulationmaterial, in unconsciously center understood grasps the more Englishsentence expression. (3) Instructs the student to carry on the longverse on the text content short to write, the short phrase detailedwrites the mouth writing skill practice, helps the student skilled tograsp in English the commonly used verb sentence structural change,the sentence and the plicate sentence similarities and differenceskey is at. The frequency of use is high, structural change moreEnglish commonly used verb like W i s h h o p e e x p e c the t and soon verb must frequently repeatedly use the different form practice,helps the student skilled to grasp the commonly used verb sentencestructure and the word meaning difference, graally has theconfidence and the custom in the psychology which creates sentenceswith English to express one's ideas. (4) Sometimes unifies the text,sometimes other supplement material, uses each kind of form toinstruct the student to rewrite, the abbreviation either theconjunction completes the short written work or completes theshort written work.
However in English text teaching carries on above writes the traininginstruction certainly not to solve the English written expressioncomplete, this process mainly holds English verb and Shan Fuju change,carries on the English written expression the fundamentaltraining, for raises the student solid language written expressionability also to need widespread many and mixed English reading.
Second,
"Studies the broken ten thousand volumes, starts writing liketo be bright". This speech vividly showed the written expression andthe widespread reading relations. The world famous foreign languageteaches the scientist American S t e p h e n K r a s h e n theteaching theory strength which published in its in 1993 to make "P o we r o f R e a d i n g - I n s i g h t f r o m t h e r e s e a r c h"center to point out in the foreign language process (1) foreignlanguage book read many people, its read-write ability studied thequantity few people to be stronger than. (2) The second languagereading quantity and the language custom between has the firmlyrelations. Indicated that, correctly instructs student reading issolves the glossary and rapidly enhances the second language theeffective way that must be taken. Studies and writing is just like theinput and the output, not the enough input absorption is impossible tohave the massive outputs.
High school student vocabulary limited, various branches work burdenheavy, English reading must consider, the difficulty is suitable, inthe time does not aggravate the extra burden as far as possible tothem. After the comparison choice, uses the province universitiespublishing house to distribute "the high school Englishgeneral-comprehension reading course" primarily, the national levelpublication "the high school English periodical" and the nationalrelease "the middle-school student reports" and "English auxiliary導報" for auxiliary. These kind of reading material contentwidespread, language vivid, the literature style is diverse, thearticle length is suitable, gains the students popularity very much.The time arrangement usually uses early studies by oneself the timelimit to complete, by each minute 50 to 100 words reading quantity,high three grades each week specially uses in with two classes timestudent freely to read English magazine and the publication, teacherthe particular guidance explanation question, persist reading thegeneral process two semesters to three semesters, the students willfeel the English commonly used word the basic word meaning and thescene have the very big enhancement. The verb structure and thetransformation quite was also familiar and be used to it, in fact thestudent unconsciously feature fun has been completing English glossaryconsolidated strengthened this arous task, for used English to carryon the written expression to accumulate the essential words andexpressions, the sentence type and the background aspect material. Thestudent carries on when English reading whether positive initiative,fills with the enthusiasm, is enormous regarding the language materialunderstanding and the absorption, if hugs is completing teacher thework the manner to study, possibly appears the buddhist priest tochant scripture the lip-service, front has looked, behind forgets thelight the phenomenon. Therefore, merely chooses for the student issuitable the interesting reading material and the arrangement certaintime is also insufficient, the teacher wants the idea in to instructin the process which the student reads to stimulate to train thestudent to study the foreign language on own initiative the interest,strengthens the student study foreign language the self-confidence,forms the good correct reading foreign language material the custom,the essential procere is frequently lets the student indiviallyunderstand in front of own schoolmate, successfully completes has thesuitable difficulty English reading question, teacher promptly givesthe encouragement.
Third, concentrates on the main points
English written expression integrated training needs toconcentrate on the main points is relatively time-saving effective.Especially high three graating classes time tight, the reviewquantity is big, is so. Here "the outline" refers is the program ofinstruction and the summary explained requests important grammarconcept and written expression each kind of different literary styleand request which the student grasps. Here "the collar" is said thewritten expression training process needs first oral to train, thelatter writing skill training, passes through throughout.
Take tests the outline to enlarge the outline request each kind ofwritten expression form as the order, always reviews in the high threeEnglish in the process separately carries on the special writingtraining instruction, the goal is clear about, is advantageous for thearrangement; Pointed strong, is easy to ince. Each special, theunion literary style, carries on first orally, the latter writingskill writing training, may cause the student mutually to exchange,makes up for one's deficiency by learning from others' strong points,profits by opinions from various sources,
Grasps the identical topic well, the literary style many kindsof expressions form and different links up the combination. Also isadvantageous to strengthening the student written expression theself-confidence and the accuracy, reces the nonessential simplemistake, is actual superior carries on two times of above languagesexpressions training to one kind of topic and the literary style,imperceptibly plays the consolidated strengthened role. Take tests theliterary style which the outline and the program request grasps towrite the notice as the example, explained how carries on the writingtraining which always reviews: (1) Splits out the identical contentwith the projecting apparatus the oral notification and the writtennotification compares its form and the sentence type characteristic.(2) Orally let the student repeat the identical content two kind ofnotices. (3) The teacher provides another content notice the requestand the essential words and expressions. (4) Prepares by the studentindivially to speak, the oral expression notice request uses thedifferent English sentence structure and the word order as far aspossible expresses the similar content. (5) The teacher organizes tocompare in the student oral expression the different structure and theword order similarities and differences and the effect. (6) Incesoral and writing skill notice commonly used each kind of 開頭語;Middle content verb structure; Ending request polite talk and basicform. (7) Arranges the oral writing skill notice the written practice.(8) Takes back the practice, revises immediately, exchanges thestudent in the classroom to write has the characteristic or the basiccorrect notice. (9) Collective or indivial translation review noticeopening, middle and ending commonly used sentence type. The mainroutine which above the concrete step is the student carries on whenwritten expression training uses, how from this can probably see thewritten expression is concentrates on the main points carries on thetraining.
③ 怎樣通過英語閱讀提高英語寫作能力 畢業論文
我的經驗是多多閱讀英語文章和報刊，
熟記幾個你覺得可以套用的格式句或詞專組，很多片語都是常用的，通屬常老外寫東西也不會變化太大，有些語義表達是共通的，所以必須得下功夫背一背。這樣會逐步提高你的語感和寫作能力。
④ 如何推廣初中英語閱讀寫作一體化教學模式
一、小組合作學習在英語聽寫教學中的應用
詞彙學習一直是學生學習英語最大的「攔路虎」,多年來，我們一直沿用「領讀——默
寫——講解」的方式，效果不理想。學生在學習英語單詞、短語和句子時需要做大量的聽寫練習，聽寫是訓練聽力和寫作技能的一種很好的方式。可由教師讀、學生
寫，也可先讓學生在小組內自學單詞，由發音好的學生進行示範,不會讀的通過向其他小組或者是教師請教來解決，自學後可以讓小組集體朗讀單詞，同時糾正個別
錯誤的發音。會讀之後進入拼寫記憶階段，拼讀記憶之後可以以小組為單位進行聽寫。聽寫往往由組內英語成績最棒、責任心最強的學生來進行。聽寫之後組員之間
交換批閱，最後每個小組把錯誤的單詞寫在黑板上，強化記憶，引以為戒。在記憶單詞時，可以進行很多有創意的方式，如進行一人提問三人搶答的單詞比賽，量化
得分。小組合作學習詞彙，調動了學生的主動性、積極性，同時又可增加學生的訓練量，減輕學生的心理負擔。
二、小組合作學習在英語閱讀教學中的應用
隨著教材難度的加深,《英語課程標准》對中學各階段的英語閱讀技能目標提出了具體
要求，閱讀量也大幅度地增加，如果採用傳統的教學方式，師生難以完成教學任務。因此在處理閱讀材料時，教師可以讓學生獨立預習課文，找出課文的重點、難點
和疑點，然後在小組內採用小組討論的方式進行合作交流，一起解決預習中出現的問題，取長補短，彌補自己的知識缺陷。閱讀教學中的合作小組討論可以有以下一
些主要內容：1.對課文標題、插圖等展開討論，以激發學生的學習興趣，發揮他們的想像力。2.對課文段落、細節、佳句、體裁、寫作特點等進行討論，以培養
學生的鑒賞和概括能力。3.對課文難句、長句、某些詞語展開討論，以提高學生理解和運用語
言的能力。4.對課文的時代背景、作者的態度和觀點展開討論，以培養學生評價人和事物的能力。
最後讓學生在全班范圍內進行講述，與同學們分享自己的收獲並共同解決存在的問題。教師不僅要適時進行點撥，讓學生在動態的合作交流中獲得知識，還要及時對
學生進行激勵性評價。閱讀教學中合作小組討論這一環節有利於培養學生在閱讀理解過程中做出正確的推論和合理的推斷的能力以及在真實環境中表達自己思想的能
力。
三、小組合作學習在英語口語教學中的應用
口語在英語教學中起著十分重要的作用。口語學習不同於書面學習，它更依賴於集體行
為，要求人與人之間用語言直接進行交流。僅僅靠課堂45分鍾，教師與學生之間的交談是遠遠不夠的，學生的對話能力無法實現質的提高。而分組合作中，可以不
斷變換練習方式，如朗讀對話、課文問答、討論問題、句型操練或交際性練習等。學生用書和練習冊中很多話題或題型為活動的變化提供了便利。以朗讀對話為例，
具體實施方法如下：在英語口語教學中提倡「小組合作編對話」，在學生學完一段對話後，教師組織學生以小組為單位進行訓練，開展競賽。首先可以讓學生根據對話內容在組內進行自由組合，就現成的對話進行操練；然後在此基礎上進行小組合作，自編、自演、拓展對話。爭取每堂課用5-10分鍾的時間讓學生表演（內容要體現上節課的重點句型），這樣既可鍛煉口語，又可鞏固所學知識。
四、小組合作學習在英語寫作教學中的應用
寫作是學生綜合運用英
語能力的一種體現，在寫作教學中引入合作學習有助於提高學生的思維和寫作能力。在英語課堂上，教師要充分調動學生的創造性思維，激發其內在的寫作動力。因
此，英語課堂寫作教學可以遵循「熟悉要求——小組討論——獨立寫作——夥伴編輯——教師點評」的程序進行。在寫作開始前，教師可以先就每單元的核心內容給
出寫作話題，讓學生通過小組內的共同討論，加深對題目的認識和理解，集中不同的見解，捕捉合適的觀點，然後根據討論結果，確定可寫的內容、寫作時態、文章
結構等，小組成員每人根據選定的題目獨立進行實際創作。在這個過程中，學生有困難的話可求助於組員或老師。寫好後，每個組員依次評改同組其他成員的作文，
並用紅筆劃出精彩的句、段，就錯句討論改錯，最後定稿。其中一位組員負責抄寫，署上小組成員的姓名。教師可以就文章的思路、結構以及時態方面發表評論，提
出修改意見。同時表揚作文成績好的小組，並把最好的作文作為範文在班裡張貼，要求學生與此對照，對自己的作文進行反思評價。這樣，既提高了每個成員的寫作
能力和改錯能力，又增加了小組的凝聚力。
⑤ 大學生英語閱讀學習的策略英語作文
When I'm free or in trouble, I always take out a book and read quietly. In no time, I've put my heart into it so that I'll forget all the troubles. It's in this way that I've formed the habit of reading in any time.
Little boys as I was, I was interest in picture books and storybooks. I was struck by them. No sooner had I entered the middle school than I began to read novel, plays, and essays and so on. I found I could get much from them. Little by little I took great interest in literature and last term I won the first prize in the composition contest among middle-school students in Zhe Jiang.
Reading 「 Emperor's New Clothes」, I had to let out a burst of laughter over his fool. 「The Little Match Girl」 couldn't keep me from crying for her misery. 「Robinson Crusoe」 took me into a strange world full of danger. And I was also deeply impressed by Helen Keller's patience and perseverance… Besides these, books also tell me other thing -how to be a man and how to tell the difference between right and wrong. In a word, good books can make me know what I didn't before. So I think of a good book as my best friend.