Ⅰ 如何提高農村中學生英語閱讀能力小課題新浪博客
【摘要】閱讀理解題是中考的必考題型之一，所佔比例較大，分值較高（包括任務型閱讀佔50分）。它主要考查學生的語言運用、閱讀理解、邏輯推理和分析判斷能力(1)。農村初中學生的英語閱讀能力普遍較差，勢必影響中考成績，乃至影響到高中的英語學習，所以培養和提高農村初中學生的閱讀理解能力,是初中英語教學的主要目的和任務。在新課程理念下，研究農村初中生英語閱讀能力的現狀，激發學生的閱讀興趣、提高農村初中學生的英語閱讀能力有著積極的現實意義。本文主要探討了目前初中生英語閱讀能力的現狀及教學對策。
【關鍵詞】 農村初中生 閱讀能力 現狀 教學對策
《全日制義務教育英語課程標准》對初中生讀的要求明確指出1．能根據上下文和構詞法推斷，理解生詞的含義。2．能理解段落中各句子之間的邏輯關系。3．能找出文章中的主題，理解故事的情節，預測故事情節的發展和可能的結局。4．能讀懂常見體裁的閱讀材料（2）。對初中學生英語「讀」的方面提高了要求，閱讀理解最能反映學生綜合運用英語的能力。閱讀理解能力的高低直接影響和制約著學生英語聽、說、寫等各方面能力的形成和發展，同時也決定著學生的英語考試成績。另一方面，農村初中教師對學生的英語閱讀能力提高的重視遠不如高中教師，沒有運用好正確的教學策略，所以針對農村初中生的英語閱讀能力現狀採取有效的教學對策顯得尤為重要。
一、目前農村初中生英語閱讀能力的現狀
1、 農村初中學生英語基礎差，對閱讀理解題有畏懼心理。
由於農村學生英語基礎差，詞彙積累不夠，很多學過的單詞沒有記牢，在閱讀時一些原來學過的單詞都變成了新單詞，加上原來閱讀課文的部分新單詞，整篇閱讀課文在學生看來相當一部分單詞是新單詞，導致學生對閱讀理解題產生畏懼心理，對整篇文章的理解是似懂非懂，對文章上下文的邏輯關系、段落的過渡、銜接、文章結構、寫作風格很難理解，就採取猜答案，蒙答案，以至於閱讀理解題得分率低，這樣惡性循環，學生遇到閱讀題時，個別學生連文章內容都不看，就隨便選擇答案。
2、課外閱讀量少，知識面窄，閱讀理解能力低。
因為農村初中學生缺乏閱讀實踐，教師忽視了對學生閱讀能力的培養，所以大部分農村初中學生閱讀量少，對英語國家的地理、歷史、文化、風俗習慣、生活方式及有關的背景知識知之甚少，學生知識面窄，學生不能在特定的背景知識和環境下理解課文，在閱讀中學生沒能在具體的背景和情景中掌握知識，無法根據相關知識理解材料，影響了學生對文章的理解。
3、農村初中學生沒有掌握閱讀技巧，得分率低。
農村初中英語教師比較注重對學生進行語言點的講解，如講解詞義、短語和句法，閱讀課變成了語法分析課或單詞講解課，遇到生詞的時候，教師主要以講解為主，忽視訓練學生根據上下文推斷詞義的技巧，略讀和跳讀、預測等其他必要的閱讀技巧。導致學生沒有掌握閱讀技巧，得分率低。
二、鑒於農村初中生英語閱讀能力的現狀，根據對新課程標準的理解，結合自己多年的教學經驗和平時的教學實踐、研究，解決農村初中學生英語閱讀能力的現狀，我想應該採取以下一些教學對策：
1、教師應更新教學觀念，改變教學方法，重視農村初中學生的閱讀理解教學。
針對農村初中學生英語閱讀能力的現狀，重視農村初中學生的閱讀理解教學，採取不同的教學策略，指導學生閱讀，為今後學生自我閱讀打下堅實的語言基礎和培養良好的閱讀習慣。
2、結合教材中的閱讀課文教學，激發學生學習英語的興趣，克服閱讀畏懼心理。
讓學生把「閱讀」變成「悅讀」，教師應注重閱讀課教學形式的趣味性，以培養學生的閱讀興趣。學習興趣可根據不同的教學內容和學習階段來培養。要想方設法培養學生學習英語的興趣，只要學生對英語的學習有了興趣，就會對英語的閱讀產生興趣。《英語課程標准》強調任務型教學，我在教每一section時，也經常運用了任務型閱讀教學，先讓學生用5-8分鍾左右進行快速閱讀，同時做對話或課文的理解題，或自己設計幾個與文章有關而又能激發學生興趣的問題讓學生完成，讓他們能夠積極主動地參與到閱讀課堂當中來。然後，再按精讀要求，讓他們自己找出語言點，鼓勵他們提問和討論，並採取課堂評價機制，激發學生的學習興趣。當然，教無定法，應該靈活運用多種形式的教學手段，也是提高閱讀教學的有效方式。另外，利用各種各樣的多媒體手段、英語報刊雜志、原聲影像作品等也能豐富英語課堂，很好地吸引學生的注意力。這樣可以提高英語基礎，克服閱讀畏懼心理。
3、加強課外閱讀訓練，擴寬操練面，發展學生綜合閱讀技能。
閱讀能力是指學生理解各種題材和體裁的書面材料的能力以及從各種材料中獲取信息的能力（3）。《全日制義務教育英語課程標准》對初中畢業生語言技能中讀的要求是 「除教材外，課外閱讀量應累計達到15萬詞以上。」語言學規律表明，英語教學中語言輸入要充足，信息量要大。要從不同的渠道，不同的切入口來展開。因此，必須加強課外閱讀訓練，指導學生在課外有效開展閱讀活動。興趣是最好的老師，學生學習的動力，所以選擇一些題材和體裁廣泛性、實用性，內容趣味性讀物讓學生閱讀，來激發學生的閱讀興趣，使閱讀成為一種快樂的學習過程。我經常利用多媒體上課，讓學生多接觸一些通俗易懂，圖文並茂的短文、廣告、海報等英語讀物。增強了學生的閱讀興趣。每學期訂《英語周報》、《英語輔導報》、《中學英語園地》等內容廣泛、豐富、實用性、趣味性強的英語報刊、雜志，讓學生盡可能多地接觸英語語言材料，積極引導學生理解、掌握其他學科的知識，多了解其他國家的文化傳統，發展學生積極主動思維的能力，擴展他們的文化科學知識，豐富他們的文化生活經歷。同時鼓勵學生多留心一些公共場所的中英文結合的溫馨提示或公告的內容，擴寬學生的知識面。
4、培養學生掌握必要的閱讀技能，提高閱讀題的得分率。
要提高英語閱讀能力，首先要遵循英語閱讀策略，掌握解題技巧：（1）A.解題時先了解篇章的體裁並把文後的題目要求快速瀏覽一遍，弄清考查要點和題目類型，帶著問題去閱讀，做到有的放矢。B.快速閱讀，把握文意，理清層次關系。C.在了解大意後，還要注意具體細節，輔助性圖片、表格、背景知識、標題里隱含的觀點。D.認真審題、仔細推敲，著手進行答題。（2）掌握《全日制義務教育英語課程標准》中要求的詞彙，教給學生一些猜詞技巧。《英語課程標准》要求學生能根據上下文和構詞法推斷，理解生詞的含義。初中學生掌握的詞彙量比較有限，詞彙量的多少直接影響著閱讀速度，影響對文章理解的准確度。所以要求學生必須掌握《英語課程標准》要求的詞彙。在閱讀時，我們往往會碰到生詞，尤其在考試時，既不能查字典又不能互相討論，所以學會猜詞就顯得十分重要。猜詞一般利用上下文線索、構詞法等。一個單詞雖然通常有不同的詞性和意思，但是它在所處的具體語境中或上下文中就只有一種意思。我們可以通過語境或上下的意義聯系來猜測詞義（4）。例：He let a little air out of the tires.從所給例子中我們根據上下文內容就容易地猜到tires是「輪胎」的意思。答題完之後還要認真檢查，提高閱讀題的得分率。
5、養成良好的閱讀習慣。
使學生養成良好的英語閱讀習慣，是提高英語閱讀能力的保證（5）。因此，平時課內教學中就必須訓練學生養成良好的閱讀習慣。A、養成限時閱讀習慣。試卷中英語閱讀題量的增加要求學生提高閱讀速度，閱讀速度的提高體現了對閱讀能力要求的提高，所以必須強化閱讀訓練，提高單位內的閱讀效率。每課時抽出10分鍾進行快速閱讀訓練。根據不同的年級情況，選擇難度適中的短文，再加上4-5個理解題，讓學生在限定時間內迅速閱讀全文，完成閱讀理解題，然後檢查閱讀速度和理解准確率，進行輔導、講評。B、養成默讀的習慣。我們在教學中常常會發現，初中學生仍然會有聲閱讀。在基礎階段，選擇一些精彩的對話、短文或廣告進行朗讀背誦，這當然是很有必要的，但在考試時，有時間限制，則需要默讀。因為讀出聲會影響速度。C、養成「悟意 」的閱讀習慣。即根據文章的上下文或語言結構來猜測並確定生詞的詞意。有的學生一遇到生詞就查字典，一方面浪費大量的時間，另一方面影響學生的思維活動。邊學習邊查字典，有時難免忘記了文章的某些意思，甚至不得不回讀文章。D、養成按意群閱讀的習慣。有的學生喜歡逐詞閱讀，從一個單詞「爬到」另一個單詞，這樣的閱讀方法既浪費時間又無法掌握中心信息，無法對材料進行判斷和推理。因此在教學中要改變學生逐詞閱讀的方法，養成成組視讀習慣。例：Computers/ need/ regular/ maintenance/ in/ order /to /perform/ at/ their/ best.按照逐詞閱讀方法，不僅速度慢，而且很難一下子抓住全句的中心意思。如果分成Computers need regular maintenance/ in order to/ perform at their best.幾個部分閱讀，就很快理解句子的意思。
總之，通過改變閱讀課的教學觀念，採取正確可行的教學策略，激發學生閱讀興趣，克服閱讀的畏懼心理，培養農村初中學生閱讀能力和掌握閱讀技巧，養成良好的閱讀習慣，就一定能夠逐步提高農村初中生的英語閱讀能力。為高中英語學習打下堅實的基礎。
參考文獻：
(1)、包天仁：《英語奧林匹克》八年級（2008年版）
(2)、《全日制義務教育英語課程標准》（2011年版）
(3)、黃遠振：《新課程英語教與學》 福建教育出版社。
(4)、楊金昌：如何越過閱讀障礙――猜詞義，《中學外語教與學》,2005年第5期
(5)、、楊大亮. 基礎階段英語閱讀課程教學之我見. 中華現代教育，2007.10
Ⅱ 如何在初中英語閱讀教學中立德樹人的博客
如何在初中英語閱讀教學中立德樹人的博客
在英語教學中要實現立德樹專人這個德育目屬標,就要採取自然滲透的方式,深挖英語學科所蘊含的情感、態度、價值觀,將立德樹人的理念融入教學全過程之中,充分挖掘英語教學中的德育因素,以達到英語教學與思想品德教育的水乳交融,給學生雙重營養,真正實現立德為先、樹人為本,更好地適應現代社會發展的需要.
Ⅲ 誰的博客里有大量的初中英語閱讀
An expensive car speeding down the main street of a small town was soon over-taken by a young motorcycle policeman. As he started to take out the ticket, the woman in the car said proudly.「 Before you go any further , young man, I think you should know that the mayor of this city is a good friend of mine.」
The officer did not say a word, but kept writing.
「I am also a friend of Chief of Police Barnes,」 continued the woman, getting angrier each moment.
Still he kept on writing.
「Young man, 」she said ,「I know Judge Lawson and State Senator Patton.」
Handing the ticket to the woman, the officer asked pleasantly. 「Tell me, do you know Bill Bronson?」
「No. Why?」 she replied.
「Well, this is the man you should have known, 」he said, going back to his motorcycle, 「I am Bill Bronson.」
( )1.The policeman stopped the car because ____.
A.it was an expensive car
B.the driver was a proud lady
C.the driver was driving too fast
D.the driver was going to attack him
( )2.The woman was getting angrier each moment because ____.
A.the policeman didn』t know her friends
B.the policeman kept writing the ticket for her
C.the policeman refused to accept her offer of money
D.she didn』t know the policeman』s name
( )3.The woman driving the expensive car____.
A.failed to stop the policeman writing the ticket
B.warned the policeman not to move a step further
C.was surprised that the policeman did not know the mayor
D.told the policeman to stay where he was
( )4.The policeman was ____.
A.an honest and fair fellow
B.a foolish and proud fellow
C.a silly and rude fellow
D.a kind-hearted fellow
( )5.The policeman ____.
A.had no sense of humor
B.had a sense of humor
C.had no sense of ty
D.was playing a joke on the woman
（2）
Jenny began to go to school when she was at the age of six．She liked her first day very much．Her teacher，Miss Black，was very nice，too．
At the end of the second day，the other children left the classroom after school，but Jenny stayed behind and waited．At first，Miss Black had some work to do and did not see Jenny，but then she looked up and saw her．
「Why not go with the others，Jenny？」she asked her kindly，「Did you want to ask me some questions？」
「Yes，Miss Black，」Jenny said．
「What is it？」Miss Black asked．
「What did I do in school today？」Jenny said．
Miss Black laughed，「What did you do in school today？」she said，「Why did you ask me that，Jenny？」
「Because I'm going home now，」Jenny answered，「and my mother's going to ask me．」
1．Jenny went to school_________________．
A．when she was too old
B．when she was at the age of seven
C．when she was six years old
D．when she was old
2．The second day，Jenny didn't go with__________________．
A．her teacher B．her classmates
C．her mother D．her father
3．Why did Jenny stay behind and wait after school？Because she________________．
A．had some homework to do
B．waited for her mother
C．Waited for her teacher to come
D．wanted to ask her teacher a question
4．What question did Jenny ask her teacher？
A．What did you do in school today？
B．Did you want to ask me some questions？
C．Why didn't you go with the others？
D．What did I do in school today？
5．Why did Jenny ask such a question？Because_________________．
A．her mother always wanted to know it
B．she was going to go home
C．her teacher always wanted to know it
D．she didn't like her teacher
Our eating habits are very important for good health and a strong body. There are times when most of us like eating sweets and ice cream better than meat and rice. Sweets and ice cream are not bad for us if we eat them at the end of a meal. If we eat them before a meal, they may take away our appetite(食慾). It』s important for us to eat our meal at regular(規律)time each day. When we feel worry or excited, we may not want to eat. A long time ago, in England, some judges often decided whether a man was telling truth by giving him some dry bread. If the man could not swallow(吞)the bread, it meant that he wasn』t telling the truth. Though this seems strange and foolish they thought it was good way of finding out truth. A man who is worrying something has difficulty in swallowing anything dry, because he loses his appetite.
( )1. Good eating habits make us ________.
A. stronger B. happier C. more beautiful D. more polite
( )2. It』s good to eat sweets and ice cream ________.
A. after a meal B. before a meal
C. when we are happy D. when we want to eat
( )3.It』s good for us to have our meal ________ every day.
A. earlier B. at the same time
C. at any time D. at the different time
( )4. The judge in old England thought if a man didn』t tell me the truth, he can ________.
A. drink milk or tea B. eat a lot of dry bread
C. hardly eat dry bread D. swallow dry bread easily
( )5. A person who feels ________ may not want to eat.
A. happy B. shy C. unhappy D. well
Mr. Smith works in an office. He』s very busy and has no time to have a good rest. Every evening, when he comes back from his office, he』s always tired and wants to go to bed early. But his wife often has a lot of interesting things to tell him after supper. She doesn』t stop talking until she falls asleep.
One day the man felt terrible and couldn』t go to work. He decided to go to see a doctor. And Mrs Smith went to the hospital with him.Before her husband said what was the matter with him, the woman had told the doctor all and the man understand why. He wrote out a prescription ( 處方 ) . And when Mr Smith brought the medicine to the resulting room, the doctor said to her, 「 The bottle of medicine is for your husband and the pills ( 葯片 ) are for you.」
「For me?」 the woman said in surprise 「I』m fine. I don』t need any medicine!」
「 I don』t think so, madam」, said the doctor. 「They are sleeping pills. Your husband will soon be all right if you take them.」
6. Mr Smith is _____
A. too busy to have a good rest B. too busy not to have a rest
C.busy enoughto have a good rest D.not busy enough to have a good rest
7.The sentence「His wife doesn』t stop walking until she falls asleep」 means __
A.she doesn』t stop talking when she falls asleeep
B.she doesn』t stop talking after she falls asleep
C.she keeps talking until she falls asleep
D.she likes talking as she falls asleep
8. Why does Mr Smith have to get up when his wife is asleep in the morning?
A. Because he can』t fall asleep B. Because he has to go to work
C. Because he doesn』t want to sleep D.Because his wife asks him to get up
9. Why couldn』t Mr Smith go to work one day?
A.Because he didn』t want to work B.Because his wife didn』t let hin go
C.Because he fell ill D.Because he was too tired to go to work
10. The sentence 「 Your husband will be all right if you take them.」 Means Mr Smith will soon be all right if ______.
A. Mrs Smith takes the bottle of medicine
B.Mr Smith takes the pills
C.Mr Smith takes the bottle of medicine
D.Mrs Smith stops talking too much at night
（3）
Everyone knows that exercise is important. We all need to exercise. Doctors say it is good for us. It makes your heart and body strong. Children who often exercise are more alert(靈活)
There are many ways to exercise. You can walk, run, swim, skate, or play ball games. Make sure you exercise in the following ways: you have to like what you』re doing. Exercise enough but not too much. It』s best to exercise twice each week. Thirty minutes each time is enough. Try all kinds of things until you find one, two or even three sports that feel right for you.
You can exercise at fitness centers. They have a lot of equipment(設備) there. The equipment will help exercise your arms, legs and other parts of your body to make you fit. Some people buy equipment for their homes. But it is very expensive.
Exercising can be fun. Friends can exercise together at a fitness center, or they can play sports together. How do you exercise?
1. In the text, the writer tells us that we all need to ________.
A. drink B. sleep C. exercise D. work
2. Which of the following sports is NOT mentioned(提到) in the text?
A. Fishing B. Running C. Swimming D. Walking
3. Doctors say exercising makes your body ________.
A. healthy B. fat C. sick(生病) D. weak
4. ______ is enough for exercising.
A. Once a week B. Twice a week C. Three times a week D. Once a day
5. The fitness centers in the text means ________.
A. 商務中心 B. 健身中心 C. 購物中心 D 醫療中心