㈠ 09年的考研英語真題閱讀第四篇中的一句，求翻譯求詳細講解
據許多書籍和文章，新英格蘭的領袖們建立了一個展開的基本主題和關注，美國知識分子生活中佔主導地位的清教傳統。
望採納！
㈡ 哪裡能找到考研英語05-09年真題閱讀理解的翻譯啊
我是買參考書，裡面很詳細。
㈢ 考研英語一有多少篇閱讀理解
您好，總共180分鍾4篇閱讀理解 每篇5個選擇 每個選擇2分
------------------天津VIP考研為您解答
㈣ 考研英語真題：閱讀理解
考研英語真題：閱讀理解
Text 1
A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in E220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities. Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.
Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for, the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow- village of culture ? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?
It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture" washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community . The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.
It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organizations. But it can be done : Glasgow' s year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.
A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's
peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.
21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could________
[A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.
[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.
[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.
[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.
22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as________
[A] a sensible compromise.
[B] a self-deceiving attempt.
[C] an eye-catching bonus.
[D] an inaccessible target.
23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it________
[A] endeavours to maintain its image.
[B] meets the aspirations of its people.
[C] brings its local arts to prominence.
D] commits to its long-term growth.
24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present________
[A] a contrasting case.
[B] a supporting example.
[C] a background story,
[D] a related topic.
25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal ?
[A] Skeptical
[B] Objective
[C] Favourable
[D] Critical
Text 2
Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money. Scientists need joumals in which to publish
their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.
With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only fnd a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.
The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world,made profits of more than £900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than £210m in 2016 toenable researchers to access their own publicly funded research; both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.
The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.
In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies. In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms: either freely available from the moment of publication, or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.
Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around ￡500 to $5,000. A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these’’article preparation costs’’ had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation. In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet: labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.
26. Scientific publishing is seen as“a licence to print money" partly because________
[A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase .
[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.
[C] its payment for peer review is reced.
[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.
27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have________
[A] thrived mainly on university libraries.
[B] gone through an existential crisis.
[C] revived the publishing instry.
[D] financed researchers generously.
28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub?
[A] Relieved.
[B] Puzzled.
[C] Concerned
[D] Encouraged.
29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms________
[A]allow publishers some room to make money.
[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.
[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.
[D] free universities from financial burdens.
30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?
[A] Trial subscription is offered.
[B] Labour triumphs over status.
[C] Costs are well controlled.
D] The few feed on the many.
Text 3
Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.
A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.
Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government boards are less than 40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.
The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.
The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".
But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the pereentage of women in the general population, but so what?
The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.
Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.
Wrting in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a"golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same clite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.
Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity, remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do litle to help average women.
31. The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad wills________
[A] help little to rece gender bias.
[B] pose a threat to the state government.
[C] raise women's position in politics.
[D] greatly broaden career options.
32. Which of the following is true of the California measure?
[A] It has irritated private business owners.
[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court,
[C] It may go against the Constitution.
[D] It will settle the prior controversies.
33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to ilustrate____
[A] the harm from arbitrary board decision.
[B] the importance of constitutional guaranees.
[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.
[D] the needlessness of government interventions.
34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to____
[A] the underestimation of elite women's role.
[B] the objection to female participation on boards.
[C] the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.
[D] the growing tension between labor and management.
35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?
[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.
[B] Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.
[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.
[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.
Text 4
Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax
on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such servces. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a“GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google, Apple, Facebook and Amazon- in other words, multiational tech companies based in the United States.
The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks. But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies, which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.
The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead, the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax), Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union, Spain, Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.
These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax, even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep ;up with the current economy.
In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach a consensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization' s work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.
France‘s planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.
36. The French Senate has passed a bill to_____
[A] regulate digital services platforms.
[B] protect French companies' interests .
[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.
[D] curb the influence of advertising.
37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax _____
[A] may trigger countermeasures against France.
[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.
[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.
[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.
38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that _____
[A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.
[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.
[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.
[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.
39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work_____
[A] is being resisted by US companies.
[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.
[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.
[D] needs to in involve more countries.
40. Which of the following might be the. best title for this text?
[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions
[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax
[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals
[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy
考研英語真題：閱讀理解的內容小編就說到這里了，更多關於考研備考技巧，報名入口，報名時間，考研成績查詢，報名費用，准考證列印入口及時間等問題，小編會及時更新。希望各位考生都能進入自己的理想考研院校。希望大家能好好復習。取得佳績。
㈤ 1998年考研英語一第三篇閱讀理解。
樓主現在應該已經很清楚了 但是還是說一下嘿嘿 樓主只截取這一句話是很難判專斷的 但是這句話句首有一個屬BUT 也就是說內容跟前面相反 後面接著說這並不意味著環保主義者是反科學的 說明前面應該是在說什麼什麼是反科學的，最後又說但是去年5月發表的us news 卻似乎是這樣暗示的 連起來就是這句話之前說的是應該是有關反科學的 作者又表明態度說環保主義者不在此列 後面又說這個雜志卻似乎是這樣暗示的 顯而易見就是在暗諷這個雜志胡說八道 所以雜志應該認為環保主義者是反科學的 不知道這樣說是不是清楚 如果有什麼錯誤就是我水平低哈哈
㈥ 哪裡有09年考研英語答案解析 最好有閱讀翻譯
2009年考研英語試題答案解析
答案解析：
1. B.本題考查動詞，後面的賓語是「the fruit-fly experiments described…」， suppose表示「假設」， observe表示「觀察」，image表示「想像」， Consider「考慮」，代入文中表示「考慮已經被描述出來的實驗」，符合語境。
2. A.本題考查動詞短語，happen to(碰巧)，fear to(唯恐…)，be threatened to被恐嚇…。tend to do表示「有…傾向，往往…」，代入文中表示比較聰明的果蠅往往壽命較短。
3. D.本題考查形容詞， lighter更輕的，thinner更瘦的，stabler更穩定的，dimmer比較暗淡的，本句是前一句推出的結論，即由「果蠅越聰明壽命越短」推出 「燈泡越暗使用時間越長」。
4. B.本題考查名詞。由前半句「燈泡越暗使用時間越長」推出「這是不特別亮的燈泡的一個優點」。tendency傾向，advantage優勢，inclination傾向，priority優先權。
5. C.本題考查動詞短語，turns out證明是，insist on堅持，sum up總結，put forward提出。
6. A.本題考查介詞， off表示離開。代入文中表示離開起點時。
7. D.incredible難以置信的，spontaneous自發的，inevitable不可避免的，graal漸進的。學習是一個漸進的過程，所以選graal.
8. C.本文的主旨是智力需要昂貴的代價。大量的物種會學習，但它們首先學會的是知道什麼時候停止學習，與上文的例子燈泡呼應。四個選項中， fight表示斗爭，doubt表示懷疑，stop表示停止，think表示思考，正確答案為C
9. B.本題考查形容詞，修飾intelligence。 invisible看不見的， indefinite不確定的，這兩個選項意思不符合，排除。different不同的，limited有限的。因為所有物種的智力都是有限的，所以limited符合文意。
10.D.cast a glance backward「回顧」，固定搭配。
11.D.feature特徵，influence影響，result結果，cost代價。Cost「代價」與文中「事實證明，智力是要付出代價」相呼應。
12.B.本題考查介詞，on the mind of「為…著想」，by the mind「通過思考」，outside和across不與mind的搭配。
13.C.本題考查動詞，與之搭配的賓語是experiments ，選項中perform能與experiments 搭配，表示「做實驗」。deliver遞送，carry運送， apply應用。
14.D.前一句提到experiments，本句提到一個具體的實驗，所以選for instance例如。by chance偶然，in contrast相反，as usual照常。
15.A.由後半句中they would test us to可推測本句使用了虛擬語氣，選項中if可以引導虛擬條件句。 unless除非，as正如，lest唯恐。
16.C.本題考查動詞。所填動詞表明實驗的目的，並且所填動詞的賓語是limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain ，選項中「determine確定」符合題意，並與下文的decide相呼應。moderate適中的，overcome克服， reach達到。
17.B.本題考查介詞，四個選項中for 表示表示目的，這個句子的正常句序是intelligence in humans is really for what.
18.A.本題考查邏輯關系。這個句子位於段末，顯然起到總結性的作用。四個選項中，Above all最重要，After all畢竟，However然而，Otherwise否則，故選Above all。
19.A.本題考查形容詞，修飾question 。fundamental基本的，comprehensive全面的，equivalent相等的，hostile敵對的。由句後問題的內容可推出這是一個最基本和重要的問題，所以選fundamental。
20.C.本題考查副詞。空前說「想研究這個問題」，空後說「結果還不確定」。四個選項中，By accident「偶然」，In time「及時」，So far「到目前為止」，Better still「更好的是」，只有So far符合語意。
全文翻譯：
對動物智力的研究總是讓我們思考人類到底有多聰明。參考下卡爾齊默周二發表在科學時代刊物上的文章所描述的果蠅試驗。有些果蠅比普通果蠅聰明，但是壽命較短。這表明暗淡的燈泡使用時間更長，也表明暗淡是燈泡的一個優勢。
事實證明，智力是要付出昂貴的代價。它需要更高的給養、消耗更多的燃料，因為智力依靠的是學習(一個循序漸進的過程)而不是一種本能，所以離開起點時緩慢。許多其他的物種也有學習能力，很顯然他們學到的東西之一就是知道何時停止。
有限的智力是否有適應值呢?這也是此項研究的課題。我對此很感興趣。這個試驗不是去回顧那些被我們劃為低智商的物種，而是含蓄在問我們自己智力的真正代價是什麼。我們所遇到的每種動物的想法。
對動物智力的研究也讓我想，如果動物有機會的話，他們會對人類作什麼樣的實驗。比如說，每隻有主人的貓都在進行一個小型的操作性條件反射研究。我們認為如果動物也能進行試驗的話，他們會測定我們的忍耐度，忠誠度，以及對地形的記憶力。他們會試圖判定人類智力的實際用處，而不僅僅是判定人類智力的高低。最重要的是他們希望研究一個最基本的問題：人類是否真正意識到了自己所生存的世界?對此，目前仍無定論。
Section II Reading Comprehension
Text 1
21【C】事實細節題。意為：Wordsworth認為以何種方式便能獲得
文章第二句中提到We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and
relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine.我們在無意識的狀態下就能行成，使
們的頭腦處於自動導航，放鬆地進入一種無意識的慣性當中。從這個表述中可以看出習慣的
形成過程完全是一種無意狀態下的機械活動。
22.【D】事實細節題。意為：研究者發現習慣的形成可以被
第二段第二句當中指出當人們有意識的培養新的習慣時，我們就創造出一種相關的軌跡，甚至是全新的腦細胞，這可以使我們的思想進入一個創新的軌道上。由此可見研究人員認為習慣的形成是可以被引導的。
23.【A】詞義句義題。意為：「ruts」的意思最貼近於
A 痕跡 B 系列 C 特點 D 聯系
原文提到：不要試圖擺脫你的舊習慣;一旦這個過程的 進入大腦，它們就會留在腦中。根據上下文邏輯最合上下文語境的為A選項。
由於24、25題題干不清晰暫不做出解析。
24.【A】事實細節題。
25.【A】事實細節題。
Text 2
26.【A】推理判斷題。 意為：從第一二段文章表明PTK很容易買到。
文中第一二段有多處體現，首段最後一句話「只需花30美元在地方葯房作親子鑒定……」.第二段第一句我們可以看到 「自從去年不需要處方即購可買之後，己經超過6萬人購買了PTK 」。甚至從第二段整段我們可以看出：B項關於鑒定價格浮動只在第二段最後一句有所體現。C項文中未提到。D項屬過度推斷。
27.【C】事實細節題。 意為：PTK是用來鑒定親子關系的。
從文中第三段可以看到「被收養的孩子可以通過親子鑒定找到他具有血緣關系的親屬」。A選項比較具有迷惑性，從第三段後半句我們可以看出「PTK最近惹怒了很多譜系學家，他們支持用PTK來探尋一個家族的祖藉」。可以看出PTK沒有主要被用來尋找一個人的出生地。選項B，D文中未提及。
28. 【D】事實細節題。意為：持懷疑態度的觀察者認為祖先鑒定沒有達到聲稱的准確性。
從題干信息我們可以將它定位到文中第五段第一句我們可以看出: 那些正在做祖先鑒定的人們所宣揚的(祖先鑒定)精確度其實是錯的。這句話是對這一段的概括，ABC三個選項都只是它的細節之一。因此，D選項正確。
29.【A】事實細節題。意為：最後一段中商業基因鑒定面臨的一個問題是數椐收集的紊亂。
從最後一段第二句我們可以看出「一些公司使用的資料庫並不依賴於系統的數據收集而是把不同研究機構收集的信息合在一起。這就意味著處理數據的公司不同，所用DNA資料庫也會不同。」文中並未提及數據是否重合，B無根椐。CD文中沒有體現。
30.【B】主旨大意題。 意為：本文最合適的題目應是DNA測試及它存在的問題。
A選項中 「DNA測試的贊成與反對」從文中我們看不到作者有明顯贊成DNA測試的傾向，C選項，文中沒有特別強調實驗室內外的問題。D選項「DNA測試背後的謊言」， 作者只是客觀地提出了DNA測試存在的不準確性問題，但並沒有指明是哪些人的謊言。
Text 3
31.【D】推理判斷題目。意為：在第一段作者認為在貧困國家教育的重要性被高估了。
作者在首段指出「傳統的觀點認為在貧困國家對促進經濟的快速發展而言，教育是極應優先考慮的要素之一，這是種錯誤的看法。」教育的優先性和教育的重要性實際上是一個意思，而既然文中說優先教育是種錯誤的看法，由此可推出教育的重要性被過度的重視了即被高估了，因此D正確。
32.【B】事實細節題。意為：第一段表明建立新的教育體系需要幾代人的努力。
在第一段作者主要談論了靠優先發展教育來促進經濟發展是錯誤的看法，而世界各國的工人經過了勞動培訓可以獲取高產量進而帶來更高的生活水平。解答細節題時同樣明顯背離中心的選項可首先排除，即先可排除A,C;在依據第一段的倒數第二句可知：通過教育體系來使足夠多的人能提高經濟能力將需要兩三代人。由此可知建立教育體系在當前是不可能，而這種建立需要幾代人的努力才能實現。
33.【B】事實細節題。意為：日本和美國勞動力的主要區別是日本的勞動力更多產。
解答本題可用運排除法。依據文章的第二段，美國勞動力受教育程度差遭到嘲笑並被認為是其經濟表現差的原因之一。美國工人接受了職業培訓後，本田、豐田的美國公司才達到了日本95%的產量，由此可知日本工人的生產力比美國工人的生產力高。從文中可知，美國勞動力受教育程度差是個事實也是美國經濟表現差的重要原因，由此可排除不符合文意的C選項;而A,D的信息在文中未提及，由此可得出只有B正確，而依據文意，既然日本保持了汽車產量的全球領先地位，自然日本的勞動力比美國的勞力更多產也驗證了B為正確答案。
34.【A】推理判斷題。意為：作者引用了我們祖先的例子來表明當人們有了充裕的時間時，教育才出現。
依據文章倒數第二段的最後兩句可知，作者舉出了我們祖先的例子是來論證最後一句話得出的觀點：只有當人們有了更高產的獲得食物的方式時，人們才有時間做其它事情。由此可推知，教育是獲得食物以外的其它事情，而受教育的前提是人們有剩餘時間，由此可知A為正確答案。
35.【C】主旨大意題。意為：教育的發展受約於產量的提高。
文章在最後一段針對上文討論的教育和生產的關系做出了總結。在本段作者明確指出缺乏正規的教育並不能限制發展極大提高產量的世界勞動力，而反之，對提高產量的限製得以解釋了為什麼教育發展得沒有那麼快。由此可見，提高產量優先於發展教育，故C為正確答案。而A,D的表達不符合文章的中心;B項的意思和文意相反。
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36.【B】事實細節題目。意為：作者認為在17世紀的新英格蘭 。
B為正確選項。A選項為原文的篡改。C選項從原文的表述中無法推出。D選項文章中沒有提到「對於知識的追求享有自由的環境」
37.【B】推理判斷題。意為：第二段中暗示出新到達英格蘭的人
B為正確選項，新到達清教徒帶著舊世界的文化。些段中的第二句提到，we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture……，選項中的New Englanders對應文中的Puritans, brought with them the culture of the Old World對應該文章中的carriers of European culture，故此選項為此句中的同義替換。
38.【D】事實細節題。意為：早期到達馬薩諸賽海灣的牧師和政治領導人
D為正確選項為新英格蘭創造了新的知識環境。對應第三段中的最後一句話There men wrote and publish ed extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness. A選項中in the new world縮小了原文所表述的范圍，B選項在文章中沒有提到，C選項不夠全面。幫D為正確答案。
39.【A】例證題。意為：關於John Dane的故事表明受教育較少的新英格蘭人 。
A為正確選項舉例是為了說明文中的觀點，由文章第四段可知，觀點為their thinking often had a traditional superstitions quality，所以在四個選項中只有A選項和文章的觀點最為符合。
40.【C】推斷題。意為：從文章中可以看出到新英格蘭的早期的定居者 。
C為正確選項，能過全文可看出來到英語蘭早期的定居者，有政客、牧師、裁縫還有漁由此可見早期的定居者背景多種多樣。
Part B
一.文章結構分析
本文是一篇文化類的文章，主要講的是文化發展過程中的各種關於文化的理論。
第一段講的是Herbert Spencer的「生物和文化進化理論」。
第二段講的是Lewis Henry Morgan的「文化進化理論」。
第三段可以看到，Franz Boas提出了一種「歷史特殊論(historical particularism)」，它強調所有文化的唯一性。
第四段還是講了Franz Boas的理論。
第五段我們除了看到「歷史特殊論(historical particularism)」外，還看到一種「diffusionism」理論和「diffusionists」這一種人。
第六段，Émile Durkheim提出了一種文化理論，他認為宗教信仰有助於加強社會團結。
二.試題具體解析
通過分析文章我們可以看到，文章就是圍繞著這幾種理論展開討論的，文章層次很清晰，
而空格出現的位置一律都是段落的末尾，這樣我們可以分析，所有的選項內容應該與段落前面的內容有密切的聯系。
我們先大體瀏覽一下各個選項的內容。
選項A主要介紹了什麼叫「diffusionism」， 即它認為文化的革新有一個唯一的起源，並且在社會之間傳遞。因為第5段出現了diffusionism，所以我們可以判斷，選項A肯定出現在44題之前。而且other anthropologists的出現提示，前文可能出現了anthropologist這一詞，那我們回到原文中找各個人的職業，就可以看到整篇文章提出的4個主要理論家中，只有Lewis Henry Morgan和Franz Boas的職業是anthropologist，所以，我們暫時把答案A鎖定在42和43之間。
選項B的大體意思是：為了盡可能全面的了解特殊的文化，(particular cultures是關鍵詞)，他對語言學和身體人類學都很熟悉。回到文章，我們在第3段找到了the uniqueness of all cultures, 我們可以斷定，這個選項中的he指的就是Franz Boas。那Boas在第3段和第4段都出現過，所以我們把選項B鎖定在43和44。
選項C的意思是，人類的進化有這樣一個特徵，就是「survival of the fittest」適者生存，並且解釋了種族和社會的適者生存觀念。因為第一段講的是Herbert Spencer的「生物和文化進化理論」。並且出現了Charles Darwin，我們都知道Charles Darwin提出了生物界的適者生存，而這里說人類社會的進化也有適者生存這一特徵，所以，我們可以首先確定41的答案是選項C。
選項D的關鍵詞是important rituals重要的禮儀和initiation ceremonies和一些典禮，我們在文章中並沒有發現有這方面的內容，所以暫且擱置。
選項E說，在他看來，不同方面的文化diverse aspects of culture，例如……，隨著社會的進化都改變了。我們在讀文章的時候，一定要把每一段的關鍵詞劃出來，以利於和選項中的關鍵詞對應。讀第二段的時候，文章說，在他的作品裡，他盡量說明了how aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies. 這跟選項E的內容不謀而合。所以，我們可以斷定，42題的答案為選項E。因為前面把答案A鎖定在42和43之間，而42題的答案為選項E，所以確定選項A為43題的答案。確定了43題答案為A，因為之前我們把選項B鎖定在43和44，所以排出了43，我們把選項B鎖定在44題。
選項F我們可以看到一個關鍵詞functioning，這個詞在第6段出現過，所以，我們暫且擱置不管。
選項G是一個例子，如果是答案的話應該是用來補充說明前面的觀點的，它說，由於信息缺乏，這兩位人類學家提出農耕等這些都是起源於古埃及，並且傳播到世界各地。事實上，所有這些文化發展在世界不同地方的不同時期都曾分別出現過。通過分析這個例子，我們可以知道，這是兩種不同的觀點的比較。 在第五段我們除了看到「歷史特殊論(historical particularism)」外，還看到一種「diffusionism」理論和「diffusionists」這一種人。正好是兩種理論的對比，所以我們可以把45題的答案輕松的定位到選項G。
這樣我們初步確定了答案，41的答案是選項C，42題的答案為選項E，43題的答案為選項A，44題的答案為選項B，45題的答案定位到選項G。
最後代入選項，通讀全文，檢查文章邏輯順序和流暢程度。
Part C
46. 本句考點：賓語從句，of 短語作定語，代詞指代， but引導並列句
結構分析：句子主幹是：it may be said that…, but this effect… its effect及its original motive.中it在句中指代social institution。
參考譯文：可以說，任何社會制度的價值在於它對擴大和改進經驗方面的影響，但是這種影響並不是它原來的動機的一部分。
47. 本句考點：強調句，分詞結構作後置定語, 省略
結構分析：強調句的正常語序是：the by-proct of the institution was noted Only graally, and this effect …was only still more graally (noted). considered as a directive factor in the conct of the institution作this effect的後置定語。
參考譯文：一種制度的副產品，只是逐步被注意到的，而這種效果被視為實施這種制度的一個指導性因素更加緩慢得多。
48. 本句考點：比較狀語從句，動賓分隔
結構分析:本句主幹是while引導的一個比較狀語從句。in our contact with 作為一個插入成分，分隔了ignore和它的賓語the effect of…。
參考譯文：在和他們(年輕人)接觸的時候，雖然容易忽略我們的行動對他們的傾向的影響，但是也不像與成年人打交道那麼簡單。
49. 本句考點：since引導的原因狀語從句，代詞指代，賓語從句，賓語從句嵌套定語從句。
結構分析：本句主幹是Since… we cannot help considering…其中whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability作cannot help considering的賓語，which will secure this ability作為嵌套定語從句修飾the powers。
參考譯文：既然我們的主要任務在於使年輕人參與共同生活，我們禁不住考慮我們是否在形成獲得這種能力的力量。
50. 本句考點：插入語，定語從句，同位語從句
結構分析：within the broad ecational process which we have been so far considering 作為插入語，which we have been so far considering為定語從句修飾process，本句主幹是：We are thus led to distinguish a more formal kind of ecation. that of direct tuition or schooling與a more formal kind of ecation 是同位語關系。
參考譯文：因此，我們可以在上面所考慮的廣闊的教育過程之內區別出一種比較正規的教育，即直接的教導或學校教育。
Section III Writing
51.
09年小作文要求寫一封建議信，相比07年建議信要求更加具體，且話題更為熟悉。考生對這個話題可寫的東西比較多。且在平時大作文的訓練中考生都接觸過不少表達觀點看法和提出建議的方法，尤其在環境保護方面的建議措施接觸的更多，因此這篇小作文題材是大家非常熟悉的，難度適中。
52.
09年大作文仍然是圖畫式作文，題目要求與往年基本相同。寫好這篇作文主要在於兩點：第一，描述圖畫。圖片描寫可能會給一部分考生造成困難，這一點要看學生平時的積累。第二，寓意理解。題目圖片看似簡單，實則抽象。揭示主題需結合中文提示「網路的近與遠」，即網路為人們的生活帶來的便利以及不便。這一主題比較貼近現代生活，也是當今大學生熟悉的話題：網路雖然非常便利，讓人與人足不出戶就可以相互聯系，但是人與人之間的直接聯系卻變得稀少了。