㈠ 求自考英語閱讀1 第4篇文章american social relations的翻譯
American Social Relations
Gladys G.Doty Janet Ross
American society is much more informal than that of many other countries and, in some ways, is characterized by less social distinction. The American mixture of pride in achievement and sense of 「』m just as good as anybody else.」 along with lack of importance placed on personal dignity, is difficult for a foreigner to understand. Americans in general do not like to be considered inferior, and they grumble loudly about inconveniences or not getting a 「fair deal.」 Yet they do not make a point of their personal honor. As an illustration of the difference between Europen and American reflection in this respect, John Whyte in American Words and Ways gives the following account.
A…[European] professor [visiting in American] was once sent a bil for hospital services which he had never enjoyed. The bill was accompanied by a strong letter demanding payment. It was obvious that a mistake in names had been made, but the professor, thoroughly aroused by this reflection on his character and financial integrity, wrote a vigorous letter of reply ( which an American might also have done.) But in this letter of reply he demanded that the creditor write him a formal letter of apology… for this reflection on his honor. Since no publicity could possibly have been given to the mistake, for mistake it was, most Americans in that sitution, after getting the matter off their chest ( or without doing that ) would have let the matter rest.
An example of the same thing may be that although Americans like to talk about their accomplishments, it is their custom to show certain modesty in reply to compliments. When someone praises an American upon his achievement or upon his personal appearance, which, incidentally, is a very polite thing to do in America, the American turns it aside. If someone should say, 「Congratulations upon being elected president of the club,」 an American is expected to reply, 「Well, I hope I can do a good job,」 or something of the sort. Or if someone says, 「That』s a pretty blue necktie you are wearing,」 an American is likely to say, 「I』m glad you like it,」 or 「Thank you. My wife gave it to me for my birthday.」 The response to a compliment seldom conveys the idea, 「I, too, think I』m pretty good.」
Likewise, there are fewer social conventions that show social differences in America. Students do not rise when a teacher enters the room. One does not always address a person by his title, such as 「Professor」 or 「Doctor」 (「Doctor」 is always used, however, for a doctor fo medicine). The respectful 「sir」 is not always used in the northern and western parts of the country.
Clothing in America, as in every place in the world, to a certain degree reflects a person』s social position and income, or, at least among the young, his attitudes toward society or toward himself. Yet no person is restricted to a certain uniform or manner of dress because of his occupations or class in society. A bank president may wear overalls to paint his house and is not ashamed of either the job or the clothing, and a common laborer may wear a rented tuxedo at his daughter』s wedding.
Yet in spite of all the informality, America is not completely without customs that show consciousness of social distinction. For example, one is likely to use somewhat more formal language when talking to superiors. While the informal 「Hello」 is an acceptable greeting from employee to employer, the employee is more apt to say, 「Hello, Mr. Ferguson,」 whereas the emplyer may reply, 「Hello, Jim.」 Southerners make a point of saying 「Yes,sir,」 or 「Yes,ma』am,」 or 「No,sir,」 or 「No, ma』am,」 when talking to an older person or a person in position of authority. Although this is a good form all over the United States, 「Yes, Mr. Weston.」 or 「No, Mrs. Baker」 is somewhat more common in a similar situation in the North or West.
Certain other forms of politeness are observed on social occasions. Though people wear hats less now than in the past, women still occasionally wear hats in church and at public social functions ( except those that are in the evening ).
In American there are still customs by which a man may show respect for a woman. He opens the door for her and lets her precede him through it. He walks on the side of the walk nearest the street. He takes her arm when crossing a street or descending a stairway. A younger person also shows respect for an older one in much the same fashion, by helping the older person in things requiring physical exertion or involving possible accident.
American surface informality often confuses the foreigner because he interprets it to mean no formality at all. He does not understand the point at which informality stops. A teacher, though friendly, pleasant, and informal in class, expects students to study hard, and he grades each student』s work critically and carefully. He also expects to be treated with respect. Although students are free to ask questions about statements made by the teacher, and may say that they disagree with what he says, they are not expected to contradict him. Similarly, in boy-girl relationships a foreign student should not mistake the easy relationship and flattery that are part of the dating pattern in the United States, nor presume that it means more than it does.
Also, because an American is perhaps more likely to admit and laugh at his own mistakes than one who stands more on his dignity, a foreigner sometimes does not know how to handle the American』s apparent modesty. The American is quite ready to admit certain weaknesses, such as 「I never was good at mathematics.」 「I』m a rotten tennis player.」 or 「I』m the world』s worst bridge player.」 However, the stranger must not be too quick to agree with him. American think it is all right, even sporting, to admit a defect in themselves, but they feel that it is almost an insult to have someone else agree. A part of American idea of good aportmanship is the point of being generous to a loser. This attitude is carried over into matters that have nothing to do with competition. If a man talks about his weak points, the listener says something in the way of encouragement,or point to other qualities in which the speaker excels. An American student reports that when he was in a foreign country he was completely stunned when he said to a native, 「I don』t speak your language very well.」 and the native replied, 「I should say you don』t.」 In a similar situation an American would have commented, 「Well, you have only been here two months.」 or 「But you』re making progress.」
Although Americans are quite informal, it is best for a foreigner, in case of doubt, to be too formal rather than not formal enough. Consideration for others is the basis of all courtesy.
美國的社會比其他國家的社會更加非正式，在某些方面，美國社會的特徵就是較少的社會差別。美國式的混合物－個人的成就感、不比別人差的優越感以及對個人尊嚴缺乏重要性，這些對一個外國人來說是很難理解的。通常來講美國人不喜歡被別人看成低人一等的，他們也會為自己遭受的不便而抱怨，還會為自己沒有得到公平的待遇而抱怨。然而，他們也不是很重視自己的榮譽。在這一方面，為了更好展示歐洲人和美國人的不同反映，John Whyte 在《美國語言和方式》這本書里給了我們如下的描述。
有位歐洲的教授曾在美國訪問，他有次收到一份在醫院接受治療的賬單，實際上他並沒有接受過任何治療。隨附賬單還有一封措施很強烈的信件。很明顯這是因為把姓名弄錯了，但是這位教授由於對信中對自己人格以及金錢方面的廉潔而提出的質疑感到不舒服，他也寫了一份措辭很激烈的回信。（美國人也會這樣去做）。但是在這份回信中，這位歐洲教授要求他的債權人寫一份正式的道歉信，就因為對他人格的指責。由於這樣的錯誤並沒有被公眾知悉，即使這樣的錯誤已經發生了，但大多數美國人在這種形勢下，只是將其宣洩一番，甚至有的人根本就不用宣洩，就讓這件事情過去了。
同樣的事情我再給你舉一個例子，盡管美國人比較喜歡討論自己的成就，但是他們有個習俗，那就是如果你得到某種贊美時，你的回答要展示某種謙虛。當有人在贊美一個美國人諸如他的成就或外貌的時候，這些話題在美國被認為是很有禮貌的事情，他也不會太在意。如果有人對一個美國人說：「祝賀你當選俱樂部主席」，他會回答「我希望把工作做好」或者諸如詞類的話語。當有人說：「你打的領結很漂亮」，而美國人會說「我很高興你喜歡它」或者「謝謝你，這是我妻子送給我的生日禮物」。所有對這種贊美的回答從來都不會傳達這樣的含義即「我也認為我挺不錯的」 同樣的，在美國也很少有那種社會習俗來表現這種社會差異。當老師進教室的時候，學生是不起立的。也不經常在一個人的名字前面加一些頭銜，比如教授或博士。（DOCTOR 如果從醫葯學方面來稱呼也是可以的）。表示尊敬含義的SIR在美國北部和西部也是很少使用的。
在美國正如在世界上其他地方一樣，從某種意義上，人的穿著會反映其社會地位和收入，或者至少在年輕人當中可以反映這個社會或者自己的態度。但是由於自已的職業或社會地位，沒有任何一個只局限穿一種特定的制服或選擇某種特定的穿衣方式。一個銀行的行長在粉刷自己房子的時候會穿工裝服，而且不會因這種工作和穿衣的方式而感到羞愧。而一個普通勞動者在自己女兒的婚禮上也會租穿一件無尾燕尾服。
盡管有諸如此類非正式的東西，但是美國也並不是完全沒有習俗來展現這種社會差別意識。例如，但一個人跟他的上司說話的時候，他會用更加正式的語言。盡管非正式語言HELLO可以用於雇員和僱主之間，但對於一個雇員來說，他更傾向於使用HELLO,MR FERGUSON，而上司回答時可以直接回答HELLO JIM。當跟一個年長者或者權位更高的人說話時，美國南方人主張說YES SIR 或YES MA』AM 或NO, SIR或NO, MA』MA。盡管這樣的稱謂在全美國被認為是一種很好的稱謂形式，但是在美國北部或西部，人們還更傾向於稱YES,MR WESTON或NO,MRS BAKER。某種表示禮貌的形式可以在社交場合會看到的。盡管現在的人不像過去那麼經常帶帽子，但是女性在教堂或一些公眾慶祝宴會時會帶上帽子的（當然這些場合如果發生在晚上就不用了）
在美國仍然還有些習俗，男士們通過這些習慣來表現對女士的尊敬。他會給女士開門，而且讓女士先進入。男士也會走在更靠近街道的人行道。當穿過一條階段或下樓梯時，男士會扶著女士。一個年輕人同樣也會表示對年長者的尊敬，他們通過幫助他們做一些費體力的活或一些引發事故的活。
美國人這種表面上的非正式性會讓一個外國人迷惑，因為他認為美國人的這種非正式性意味著沒有正式性而言。但是他並不知道美國人的這種非正式性會在哪裡變成了正式性，比如一個老師在課堂上看起來友好、和善，在課堂上也表現的非正式，但老師要求學生努力學習，並且在批改作業時是很嚴格和仔細的。而且這位老師也同樣希望學生能尊敬他。盡管學生對老師的陳述自由提出問題，而且也可以表達對老師觀點的不同意，但是這些學生也不能駁斥老師的觀點。同樣，在男孩和女孩交往的過程中，一個外國學生也不要對美國人在約會里表現的親近關系或奉承的話語而誤會，不要認為他們還有更深層次的含義。同樣，因為比那些經常想保持自己尊嚴的人來說，美國人非常有可能承認和嘲笑他自己的錯誤、缺點。但是有時外國人不知道怎麼處理美國人這種表面的謙虛。美國人很容易承認自己的某些弱點，諸如「我的數學不好」，「我的網球打的很爛」或者說「我的橋牌打的也是出奇的差」，但是，這個時候對於一個陌生人不能隨聲附和。美國人認為，承認自己的一些弱點沒有什麼，即使是運動項目不行，但是如果別人對他們謙虛的話語表示同意，他們認為這是對他們若大的侮辱。美國競技精神的一部分就是對失敗者要賦予同情和慷慨。這種態度從體育競技中被帶入到跟體育競技一點關系都沒有的事情當中了。如果一個人談及自己的弱點時，聽者一般都會以鼓勵來回應或指出失敗者在其他領域是很擅長的。一個美國的學生講到，有次他去國外時，當他對當地人說：「我說你們的語言說的不好」，而對方回應到「我也這么認為」，他被當地人的回答驚呆了。當然，在同樣的情勢下，一個美國人將會回應到「你來這里才剛兩個月而已」 或者說「但是你取得進步了」。
盡管美國人好像十分不正式，但對於一個外國人，尤其在不知道情況下，你最好盡可能正式的對待。總是考慮別人是所以禮儀的基礎。
㈡ 幫寫一個英語作文 尊重別人才能得到別人的尊重，和諧的社會關系才能組成（200個單詞就可以了）
Being a Good Listener
Good listening can always show respect, promote understanding, and improve people's relationship.
Many people think that parents should listen more to their children, so they can understand them better, and find it easier to narrow the generation gap.
Teachers should listen more to their students so that they can meet their needs better.Then teachers can place themselves in a better relationship with their students.
Students should listen more to their classmates, as they will help and learn from each other.Then they build their friendship
My opinion is that each of us should listen more to others. First show your respect and never stop others talking untill they finish their talk. Second ,show that you are interested by a supportive silence or a knowing smile. Third, be open-minded to different opinions even though you don』 like them. Generrally speaking, good listening can really enable us to get closer to each other.
㈢ 一道英語閱讀選擇題，謝謝幫忙
60.
【原題】來According to Yoshiko Matsumoto, the linguistic behavior observed in today's young women _________.
A) may lead to changes in social relations
B) has been true of all past generations
C) is viewed as a sign of their maturity
D) is a result of rapid social progress
【答案解析】D)本題是推理源題，考生需要通過邏輯分析來達到合理的結論。文章的第三段談到這個問題，Yoshiko Matsumoto依此說，年輕女性不使用老一輩非常禮貌的語言，接著說高度禮貌的語言不僅僅是女性象徵，也是成熟和優雅的象徵，還暗示了社會關系的變化。即，當這些語言代表的復雜的社會關系不存在的話，表現這種關系的語言也要隨之改變，不能一成不變。現代女性不使用高級敬語是社會快速發展的結果。
㈣ 誰能為我提供一些有關社會關系的作文啊還有、、是要英文的、、、拜託、、急需啊、、、！！！！
互聯網的快速發展給人類生活的各個領域產生越來越重要的影響。在已經步入信息化社會的今天，「上網」已經成為了一種時尚，而在龐大的網民群體中，青少年佔了很大的比例，並且還在逐步增多。據調查，目前網民中18～35歲的青年佔85.8%，18歲以下的佔2.4%。面對不可阻擋的青少年上網熱潮，如何對其進行正確引導，已經成為當前學校、教師、家長共同關注的重要問題。互聯網路帶給我們巨大的影響，其對青少年的影響有積極的方面，也有其消極的、負面的。但是，互聯網路畢竟代表了當今世界科技發展的最高水平，我們沒有理由因噎廢食，我們應當充分發揮它的積極作用，採取相應的措施，引導青少年健康地成長，以使青少年適應信息時代的發展、與時俱進。 互聯網;青少年;影響 網路為人類帶來無限生機和動力，展示出一方美好的樂園。人們對其的喜愛程度，從每年倍增的上網人數可見一斑。究其原因，主要是因為網路與青少年的個性相適應。上網有癮，這早已成定論，正所謂「衣帶漸寬終不悔，為網消得人憔悴」。那麼，網路的神奇力量究竟是什麼？它對青少年的影響到底怎樣？我們如何採取措施克服其不利的影響呢？ 一、網路對青少年的正面影響 1．有利於青少年非線性思維方式的形成 線性思維方式強調事物的先後順序，對事物的認識從頭到尾都遵循單一的順序。而在網路中大量使用的超文本閱讀方式是以網狀形式來構築和處理信息的。它是一種跳躍式的、綜合的非線性思維方式。從非線性的角度出發，思考問題的同時必須考慮它與周圍事物的種種聯系，並透過這種網狀的聯系來尋求解決問題的方法。這種思維方式改變了傳統線性思維所固有的較狹隘、死板的弊端，有利於培養青少年的發散性思維、拓展青少年的思路，有利於幫助他們正確地看待周圍的人和事，樹立科學的人生觀和世界觀。對網路的使用同時又可以培養青少年以一種系統的眼光看待問題和積極利用現代化工具去分析問題、解決問題的思維意識，而這恰恰是信息時代所必需的。 2．青少年的創造能力得到了發展 隨著國內幾大互聯網的崛起，年輕的網路創建者們成為了青少年的榜樣。網路創業的神話、網路平等的故事激勵著大量朝氣蓬勃的年輕人。知識與創造力的重要性已越來越深地植根於廣大青少年的心中。網路上的信息極其豐富，而且更新速度非常快。青少年在這種浩如煙海的信息面前，不再看重「博聞強記」，計算機和網路就是他們的記憶。他們面臨最重要的任務不是獲取已知，而是以高度的想像力去創造和運用新知識。網路使青少年的觀念發生了革命性的變革，無論是在創新觀念、鍛煉創新思維、培養創新能力、實現創新內容等方面都得到了極大的提高，他們的智力得到了升華。 3．滿足了青少年交流、溝通和理解的需要 網路高效、快速、方便、獨特的交流方式與當代青少年偏於好奇、樂於幻想、追求獨立的要求相吻合。因此，網路一出現，便註定與青少年緊緊聯系在一起。網路使得青少年和世界息息相通，使得他們在有限的學習、工作的重壓之外獲得了更廣泛的空間。當全世界繽紛多彩的信息資源集結在青少年的面前，他們的視野、心胸會與以往完全不同。 網路環境下青少年的健康成長問題，是事關培養社會主義事業接班人和國家長遠發展的重大理論和實踐問題。對此，我們進行了探索性的調查、分析、研究，以期能夠引導青少年在網路社會中趨利避害，在德智體美勞等各方面協調發展，並為黨委和政府決策服務，為兩個文明建設服務。 一、網路對青少年健康成長的雙重影響 網路對青少年健康成長的影響是多層次、多方面的，概括地說是雙重的。世界衛生組織給健康下的定義為：健康是指生理、心理和社會適應都達到一個完好的狀態。我國在教育方針中也明確提出要將青少年培養成為德、智、體、美、勞全面協調發展，「面向現代化，面向世界，面向未來」的「四有」新人。因此，我們試從網路對青少年的思想品德素質、智力素質、身體素質、心理素質、社會適應能力等方面，探討網路對青少年健康成長的雙重影響。 1.網路對青少年健康成長的積極影響 網路對青少年思想品德素質的積極影響主要體現為：網路已經成為思想政治教育的重要陣地，青少年訪問這些網站，參加網站開展的各項活動，有助於增強愛國、愛黨意識，有助於強化道德主體意識與地位。 網路對青少年智力素質的積極影響主要體現為：網路的開放性和方便性、內容的多樣性和廣泛性，為青少年提供了一個廣闊的學習空間，大大拓寬了青少年的求知途徑，有助於青少年開闊視野、促進學業；網
滿意請採納
㈤ 英語作文,教育與社會之間的關系
The prosperity of a nation depends on the development of ecation.Any development in science and technology throughout the world is e to the development of ecation which brings up scientists and inventors.It is difficult to emphasize just how important the role of ecation is.There is no doubt that countries with undeveloped ecation will remain poor.
Ecation is also vital to the development of an indivial.Of all elements of success in our careers none is more important than ecation.It is not genius but the knowledge that makes the difference between success and failure.In fact most of the famous people of our times spent many years studying.Can you name any great men you admire who are not well ecated
Some people,however,are still ignorant of the importance of ecation.Some parents,especially those in the countryside,think it unnecessary to send their children to school.Some parents have their children work for money at a very young age.In view of this,compulsory ecation must be enforced to see to it that every young people will be have the chance to receive adequate ecation.
㈥ university student and society大學生與社會關系的英語作文，最好是簡單點的！
這個沒寫過寫。幾級的？？參考。。
人與人(社會)關系類
Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) possible reasons for the phenomenon, and then
3) state your point of view.
You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
【參考範文】
The picture symbolically depicts that six lovely children from different countries with different ethnicities get together and play games happily in a world of harmony. It is quite obvious that the drawer wishes to draw our attention to the most favorable social phenomenon that cultural exchanges are gaining worldwide popularity.
There are, to my mind, several reasons accounting for this phenomenon of the picture. For one thing, cultural exchanges can enhance international friendship, and people can acquire better understanding of each other. Through cultural exchanges, they can learn of different peoples around the world, what they believe in, how they lead their daily life，and their traditions and customs. For another，cultural exchanges can also greatly benefit the countries involved. That is because countries can share their achievements with each other to stimulating their own social progress and cultural prosperity.
Based on the above reasons, I hold that worldwide cultural exchange is beneficial to all countries involved. As for China, the opendoor policy has greatly promoted the Chinese civilization to the entire world and vice versa. Therefore, I can firmly conclude that in the long run, cultural exchanges will contribute to a flourishing Chinese and global economy, as well as diversified cultures.
㈦ 人與社會關系 就這個話題寫一篇英語作文
要多少字的？你還是自己寫吧，寫了後翻譯過去就得了。要不你就在網路搜個人與社會關系的用中午寫的作文在復制到翻譯網翻譯
㈧ 急求：適合初三學生閱讀的英語短文，尤其是課外的和現實社會聯系密切的
強力推薦<<英文誦讀>>這本書。。。。
㈨ 急求有關大學校園與社會關系的英語短文。。。
Man multiplied and civilised by changing the environment to suit
himself especially by the development of agriculture and
instrialization.Our earliest ancestors lived in a rich and competitive
world closely tied to environment.They knew the sources of water and
use of plants and animals for food and shelter purposes.But they
exploited the environment to fulfill their requirements,thus they could
not cause excessive damage to environment e to their low
population,nomadic way of life and primitive technology.
Throughout
time we have exploited nature and its creatures for our own benefit.
We
have developed a huge and thriving society; and in the process we
deforest huge sections of land for living and livestock grazing.This
decreases oxygen and increases carbon dioxide in the atmosphere;
possiblyadding to global warming though the greenhouse effect.Modern
transportation consume lots of non-renewable fossil fuels that put
carbon monoxide,sulfur and nitrogen oxides and other harmful
particulates into the atmosphere.This proces dangers like smog and
cancer and contributes to global warming.
We only have one earth
so,we must take precautions to preserve our environment,such as using
recycle,environmental friendly bags instead of plastic bags,which will
take years for it to disintegrade,save electricity and water to conserve
energy,use public transport to go to work or have a car pool to rece
the proction of harmful gases into the atmosphere.We all are the
citizen of Earth,so we are responsible to take care of our environment.
㈩ 求一篇人與社會的關系的英語作文，150字左右
The first stress-maker is competition. Nowadays, many people, the strongly career