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大学英语四级翻译常考句

发布时间:2021-02-24 02:49:29

A. 英语四级翻译段落的那个题,现在连基本翻译下来都不能,怎么样快速提高,有没有四级总结的常见翻译句型呀

一说到英语四级段落翻译题,许多同学就如“谈虎色变”,面露难色,深锁眉头。诚然,英语四级段落翻译题与听力阅读写作相比确实有着特殊的地方。英语段落翻译题,不仅考查考生的英语水平,还考查考生的中文功底。但是只要做好充分的准备,想要提高英语四级段落翻译题的成绩还是比较容易的。下面是新东方在线为大家总结的英语四级段落翻译的答题技巧和一些常见翻译句型,希望对大家有帮助。
一、增词法
在翻译段落时,为了能充分的表达原文含义,以求达意,翻译时有必要增加词语来使英文的表达更加顺畅。
例如:虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后。
译文: Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.
批注:中间加上了增连词whereas,以使英语的句子表达更加有逻辑性。
二、减词
英语的表达倾向简洁,汉语比较喜欢重复。重复,作为一种汉语修辞方法,在某种场合下,重复的表达一个意思,是为了强调,加强语气。
为了有更强的节奏感和押韵,汉语中也经常会出现排比句。考生在翻译这些句子时,为了符合英文表达的逻辑,就要有所删减或省略。
例如:这是革命的春天,这是人民的春天,这是科学的春天!让我们张开双臂,热烈拥抱这个春天吧!
译文:Let us stretch out our arms to embrace the spring, which is one of the revolution, of the people, and of science.
批注:如遇到重复的汉语排比句,汉译英时记得遵守英语的逻辑表达,用定语从句来翻译,使英文句子读起来也朗朗上口。
三、词类转换
英语语言的一个很重要的特点,就是词类变形和词性转换,尤其是名词、动词、形容词之间的转换。
例如:她的书给我们的印象很深。
译文:Her book impressed us deeply.
批注:在这里汉语中的名词需转化成英语中的动词"impress"。
四、语态转换
语态分为被动语态和主动语态,汉语中主动语态出现频率较高,而与之相反,英语中被动语态的使用率较高。因此考生在翻译时,要注意语态之间的转换。
例如:这个小女孩在上学的路上受了伤。
译文:The little girl was hurt on her way to school.
批注:这里,“受了伤”的主动语态转换为"was hurt"的被动语态。
五、语序变换
为了适应英文的修辞避免歧义,有时需要对原文的语序进行调整。
六、分译与合译
在遇到较长的句子或较复杂的句子时,可以考虑分译,以使译文简洁,通俗易懂。同时也可以把汉语的两个较简短的句子译成一句,中间用连接词来链接。
七、正反表达翻译
正反表达翻译可以分为两种情况:
1.汉语从正面表达时,英语从反面表达。小编简称为“汉正英反”。
2.汉语从反面表达时,译文从正面表达。小编简称为“汉反英正”。
例如:他的演讲不充实。
译文:His speech is pretty thin.
批注:以上用法属于“汉反英正”的用法。

B. 英语四级翻译中常用的短语

一、常用单词

ecation 教育

input in ecation 教育投入

communal participation 社会参与

enhance the moral awareness of 提高……的思想品德

professional ethics 职业道德

credit system 学分制

guarantee job assignments 包分配

multidisciplinary 多学科的

key university 重点大学

national expenditure on ecation 国家教育经费

account for…% 占百分比

intercultural communication 国际文化交流

equal stress on integrity and ability 德才兼备

to become ecated through independent study 自学成材

compulsory ecation 普及教育

preschool/elementary/secondary/higher/ ecation 学前/初等/中等/高等教育

alt ecation 成人教育

vocational and technical ecation 职业技术教育

institutions of higher learning 高等学校

inservice training course 在职进修班

compulsory/optional course 必修/选修课

record of formal schooling 学历

diploma 文凭, 学历证明

二、常用句型

1、It作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型
She had said what it was necessary to say.

2、强调句型
It is not who rules us that is important , but how he rules us.

3、"All+抽象名词"或"抽象名词+itself"(very+形容词)
He was all gentleness to her.

4、利用词汇重复表示强调
A crime is a crime a crime.

5、"something(much)of"和"nothing(little)of" "something of"相当于"to some extent",表示程度。在疑问句或条件从句中,则为"anything of ",可译为"有点","略微等。""译为毫无","全无"。"much of"译为"大有","not much of"可译为"算不上","称不上","little of"可译为"几乎无"。something like译为"有点像,略似。"
They say that he had no universty ecation , but he seems to be something of a scholar.

6、同格名词修饰是指of前后的两个名词都指同一个人或物,"of"以及它前面的名词构一个形容词短语,以修饰"of"后面的那个名词。如"her old sharper of a father",可译为:"她那骗子般的父亲"。
Those pigs of girls eat so much.

7、as…as…can(may)be
It is as plain as plain can be.

8、"It is in(with)…as in(with)"
It is in life as in a journey.

9、"as good as…"相等于,就像,几乎如;实际上,其实,实在。
The merchant as good as promised the orphan boy, that he would adopt him.

10、"many as well…as"和"might as well …as" "many as well…as"可译为"与其……,不如……,更好","以这样做……为宜","如同……,也可以……"等等。"might as well…as"表示不可能的事,可译为"犹如……","可与……一样荒唐","与其那样不如这样的好"等等。
One may as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly.

11、"to make…of"的译法(使……成为……,把……当作)
I will make a scientist of my son.

12、oo…+不定式",not(never)too…+不定式","too…not+不定式
She is too angry to speak.

13、only(not, all, but, never) too …to do so "和"too ready (apt) + to do"结构中,不定式,凡是"not","all""but等字后+"too…to,"不定式都失去了否定意义,在"too ready(apt) +to do"结构中,不定式。
You know but too yell to hold your tongue.

14、"no more …than…"句型
A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man.

15、"not so much…as"和"not so much as …"结构,"not so much…as"="not so much as …",其中as有进可换用but rather,可译为:"与其说是……毋须说是……"。而"not so much as"="without(not)even,"可译为"甚至……还没有"。
The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it .

16、"Nothing is more…than"和"Nothing is so …as"结构,"Nothing is more…than"和"Nothing is so …as"都具有最高级比较的意思,"Nothing I"可换用"no","nobody","nowhere","little","few","hardly","scarcely"等等,可译为"没有……比……更为","像……再没有了","最……"等。
Nothing is more precious than time.

17、"cannot…too…"结构,"cannot…too…"意为"It is impossible to overdo…"或者,即"无论怎样……也不算过分"。"not"可换用"hardly","scarcely"等,"too"可换用"enough","sufficient"等
You cannot be too careful.

18、"否定+but "结构,在否定词后面的"but",具有"which not","who not","that not",等等否定意义,构成前后的双重否定。可译成"没有……不是"或"……都……"等
Nothing is so bad but it might have been worse.

19、"否定+until(till)"结构,在否定词"no","not","never","little","few","seldom"等的后边所接用的"until/till",多数情况下译为"直到……才……","要……才……",把否定译为肯定。
Nobody knows what he can do till he has tried.

20、"not so…but"和"not such a…but"结构,这两个结构和"否定+but"的结构差不多,不同之点是这两个结构中的"but"是含有"that…not"意味的连续词,表示程度。可译为"还没有……到不能做……的程度","并不是……不……","无论怎样……也不是不能……"等。
He is not so sick but he can come to school.

21、"疑问词+should…but"结构,这个结构表示过去的意外的事,意为"none…but",可译为"除了……还有谁会……","岂料","想不到……竟是……"等。
Who should write it but himself?

22、"who knows but (that)…"和"who could should…but"结构,这个结构是反问形式,一般意译为"多半","亦未可知"等等,有时也可直译。
Who knows but (that) he may go?

23、"祈使句+and"和"祈使句+or"结构,"祈使句+and"表示"If…you…","祈使名+or"表示"if…not…,you。
Add love to a house and you have a home. Aad righteousness to a city and you have a community. Aad truth to a pile of red brick and you have a school.

24、"名词+and"结构,在这个结构中,名词等于状语从句,或表示条件,或表示时间。
A word, and he would lose his temper.

25、"名词+and"结构,在这个结构中,名词等于状语从句,或表示条件,或表示时间。
A word, and he would lose his temper.

26.It is not that…but that… 这不是说…,而是说…
27.nothing else than 完全是,实在是
「例文」What the man said was nothing else than nonsense.
「译文」那个人讲的话完全是一派胡言。 28.more…than…结构有三种译法:than连接肯定形式的从句时,该从句译为否定句;在比较的基础上表示选择关系时,可译为与其说…不如说;进行同类比较时,译成比…更.
「例文」The complexity of the human situation and injustice of the social order demand far more fundamental changes in the basic structure of society itself than some politicians are willing to admit in their speeches.
「译文」人类社会形势的复杂性和社会制度的不公正性要求对社会基本结构进行彻底变革,而一些政客口头上是很不愿意承认这一点的

三、常用短语

a series of 一系列,一连串
above all 首先,尤其是
after all 毕竟,究竟
ahead of 在...之前
ahead of time 提前
all at once 突然,同时
all but 几乎;除了...都
all of a sudden 突然
all over 遍及
all over again 再一次,重新
all the time 一直,始终
all the same 仍然,照样的
as regards 关于,至于
anything but 根本不
as a matter of fact 实际上
apart from 除...外(有/无)
as a rule 通常,照例
as a result(of) 因此,由于
as far as ...be concerned 就...而言
as far as 远至,到...程度
as for 至于,关于
as follows 如下
as if 好像,仿怫
as good as 和...几乎一样
as usual 像平常一样,照例
as to 至于,关于
all right 令人满意的;可以
as well 同样,也,还
as well as 除...外(也),即...又
aside from 除...外(还有)
at a loss 茫然,不知所措
at a time 一次,每次
at all 丝毫(不),一点也不
at all costs 不惜一切代价
at all events 不管怎样,无论如何
at all times 随时,总是
at any rate 无论如何,至少
at best 充其量,至多
at first 最初,起先
at first sight 乍一看,初看起来
at hand 在手边,在附近
at heart 内心里,本质上
at home 在家,在国内
at intervals 不时,每隔...
at large 大多数,未被捕获的
at least 至少
at last 终于
at length 最终,终于
at most 至多,不超过
at no time 从不,决不
by accident 偶然
at one time 曾经,一度;同时
at present 目前,现在
at sb's disposal 任...处理
at the cost of 以...为代价
at the mercy of 任凭...摆布
at the moment 此刻,目前
at this rate 照此速度
at times 有时,间或
back and forth 来回地,反复地
back of 在...后面
before long 不久以后
beside point 离题的,不相干的
beyond question 毫无疑问
by air 通过航空途径
by all means 尽一切办法,务必
by and by 不久,迟早
by chance 偶然,碰巧
by far 最,...得多
by hand 用手,用体力
by itself 自动地,独自地
by means of 用,依靠
by mistake 错误地,无意地
by no means 决不,并没有
by oneself 单独地,独自地
by reason of 由于
by the way 顺便说说
by virtue of 借助,由于
by way of 经由,通过...方法
e to 由于,因为
each other 互相
even if/though 即使,虽然
ever so 非常,极其
every now and then 时而,偶尔
every other 每隔一个的
except for 除了...外
face to face 面对面地
far from 远非,远离
for ever 永远
for good 永久地
for the better 好转
for the moment 暂时,目前

C. 2020下半年大学英语四级翻译词汇与句型复习巩固

【导读】众所周知,词汇及句型是大学英语四级考试备考复习中的重点内容,词汇是叶,句型是枝,长在英语四级的树上,能力突出与否就看是否枝繁叶茂了。为了帮助大家顺利通过2020下半年大学英语四级考试,下面是小编为大家整理的大学英语四级翻译词汇与句型复习巩固,希望对大家有所帮助。

词汇:

重阳节 the Double-ninth Day

登高 climbing mountains

赏菊 admiring beautiful chrysanthemums

喝菊花酒 drinking chrysanthemum wine

插茱萸 wearing/inserting dogwood

吃重阳糕 eating Double Ninth cake

老人节 Senior’s Day

祭祖 visiting the graves of ancestors

烧香 burning incense sticks

放纸鸢 flying a paper crane

清明节 the Tomb-sweeping Day

寒食节 Cold Food Festival

祭祀节日 day of sacrifice

扫墓 tomb-sweeping

扫墓人 tomb sweeper

焚香 burn incense

祭祖/上供 offer sacrifices to ancestors

踏青 spring outing

放风筝 kite flying

句型:

ask/tell sb. (how) to do sth.

例句:Tom‘s father often tells Tom how to deal with the problems in the correct
way.

be afraid of doing sth. / that+从句

例句:It‘s no surprise that students are afraid of having exams.

be busy doing sth./be busy with sth.

例句:He is busy studying English by listening to tapes.

以上就是小编今天给大家整理发送的关于“2020下半年大学英语四级翻译词汇与句型复习巩固”的相关内容,希望对大家有所帮助。想知道更多关于英语四级分值如何分布,关注小编,持续更新。

D. 历年大学英语四级翻译真题

你好,我是兔兔秃来90,用网络网盘分源享给你,点开就可以保存,链接永久有效^_^链接:https://pan..com/s/10l5r9FXDkpfRCtHdxlAe2Q 提取码:0000

E. 四级翻译句子有哪些语法是常考的

基本上只考这几个,你在做真题时可以留心一下它的参考答案,参考答案一般会提到所考知识点

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