㈠ 大學英語第二版綜合教程3中句子使用的修辭手法,跪求😭😭
教育部說了 從來沒有規定 四六級成績是取得學位證條件
㈡ 修辭手法中的"設問"用英語怎麼說
rhetoric question(設問)
附:
英語修辭
英語的修辭可以分為消極修辭和積極修辭兩大類。
一、 消極修辭(Passive Rhetoric Techniques)
它主要指那些沒有相對固定格式的修辭性寫作技巧,它與語法、語言結構和詞彙的關系密切,只是為了修辭和立意新穎的緣故,對之做了一些調整。舉一種情況進行說明:為了增加文采,強化文章的表現力,常常避免重復使用同一個詞彙,而另選他詞。這種無固定格式可循的消極修辭手段被稱為Elegant Variation(求雅換詞)。如在Elizabeth Razzi寫的題為10 Ways to Lose Pounds 的文章中,「減肥」的表達竟有8種,文筆活潑,文采燦然:1. Try to shed a few extra pounds? 2. Studies show these efforts may shave off the pounds quickly. 3. Here are ten simple strategies that can help melt away your fat forever. 4. …like a logical way to peel off a few pounds. 5. …roughly the amount needed to burn off one pound. 6. You must eat less to lose weight. 7. A key obstacle to dropping extra pounds is after-dinner snacking. 8. 10 Ways to Lose Pounds. 以上8句中的斜體字讓我們欣賞了英語詞彙的活力與風采。遺憾的是,大部分精彩的用詞不能直譯。
求雅換詞的手法之一是大字小用,或小詞大用。如:Don』t take the low-fat label as a license to eat. 句子寫得精彩,最難忘的是其中license一詞。它是用途很廣的大詞。用在這里給人一種「頭小帽大」的感覺,新穎別致。譯文很難挽留此韻。(不能因為食品標明低脂肪,而敞開食用。)再如:If the term sounds unscientific to 20th-century ears, let us remember there is a definite connection between marshy lands and malaria… (如果這個術語對生活在20世紀的人聽來不科學的話,那就讓我們記住在沼澤地和瘧疾之間有一定的聯系……)。求雅換詞的手法之二是科技詞彙和日常用詞的「錯位」。如:Na?ve rats and frogs are said to have reacted wildly to such proposed experimented situation. Na?ve用於現代生物學時的含義為:not previously subjected to experimentation or a particular experimented situation.(據說,首次用來作實驗的鼠和蛙對這種設定的環境改變都有劇烈反應。)再如:However, there are plenty of people who like tennis. It is the megagame. Mega的含義是兆,百萬,是一個科技英語的詞綴。使用在這里新義溢出。(但是許許多多的人喜歡網球,這是一項十分普及的運動。)
二、 積極修辭(Active Rhetoric Techniques)
它主要指那些有相對固定格式的修辭性寫作技巧。常見分類如下:
1. 詞義修辭格(Lexical Stylistic Devices)
metaphor(比喻), metonymy(借代), personification(擬人), irony(反語), hyper***(誇張), understatement(低調), euphemism(委婉語), contrast(對照), oxymoron(矛盾修辭法), transferred epithet(移就), pun(雙關), syllepsis(異敘), zeugma(粘連), parody(仿擬), paradox(雋語)
2. 結構修辭格(Syntactical Stylistic Devices)
repetition(反復), catchword repetition(聯珠), chiasmus(迴文), parallelism(平行結構), antithesis(反對), rhetoric question(設問), anticlimax(突降)
3. 音韻修辭格(Phonetic Stylistic Devices)
alliteration(頭韻), onomatopoeia(擬聲)
三、 英語修辭的理解與翻譯
馬克?吐溫在其著名游記A Tramp Abroad中,有這樣一句:We had plenty of company in the way of wagon-loads and mule-loads of tourists------and st. 句末的-----and st看似尋常一筆,其實是一種不可多得的妙句,使用了英語中anticlimax的修辭格。如果不能識破,則讓對照閱讀原文者「飲恨」。如:同路的有許多旅客,有乘馬車的,也有騎騾子的——一路塵土飛揚。/ 我們的旅伴真不少,有乘馬車的,有騎騾子的,還有滾滾塵土呢。
下面就幾種常見的修辭格進行講解:
1. Parody(仿擬)如果譯者功底不凡,能知作者之所「仿」,那麼,理解與翻譯也就「水到渠成」。如:Clearly, when it comes to marriage, practicing beforehand doesn』t make perfect. 可以譯成:顯然,在婚姻問題上,婚前同居並不能令婚姻生活趨於完美。再如:When flu hits below the belt, it can be a challenge to keep down anything more nourishing than tea and water. 詞典對成語hits below the belt的通常解釋是:用不正當手段打人(原指拳擊中打對方的下身)。若是照搬,譯文就會鬧笑話。對待「仿擬」修辭格的方法之一是還原。所謂還原,即故意撇開成語的引申義,而「硬」用其字面義。如:若流感影響到了腸胃,那就只能飲用點茶水,要吃下其他東西就非常困難了。再如:Little John was born with a silver spoon in a mouth, which was rather curly and large. 英語成語to be born with a silver spoon in one』s mouth的含義是「出生在富貴之家」。這里,作者不用此引申義,而用字面意思。試譯:小約翰嘴形彎曲,且大得出奇,好像生下來的時候嘴中含了一把銀勺子似的。
2. Syllepsis(異敘)此修辭格的特點是用一個詞(動詞、形容詞或介詞)同時與兩個詞或者更多相搭配,巧用一詞多義的特點。如:He first put a club in my hand when I was about ten. I threw a lot of tantrums in the upland hills of North Carolina, and clubs too. I was in such a rush to be good that he would urge me to 「relax and enjoy the round. The game ends far too soon.」 I didn』t have a clue what he meant. 試譯:他第一次把高爾夫球棒放在我手裡的時候,我大概十歲。在北卡羅來納州的山中,我一次次發脾氣,一次次把球棒扔掉。我急於求成,老爸總是勸我「放鬆點,慢慢打,比賽結束得太快了。」我一點兒也不明白他的意思。再如:By day』s end, I had drilled 4216 holes to a depth of 18 inches, and I had lost mine pounds, my hearing, feeling in both hands and the ability to lift anything heavier than the evening paper. 試譯:一天快結束的時候,我已經鑽了4216個深達18英寸的洞,為此,我失去了9磅體重,失去了聽力,失去了雙手的感覺,還失去了舉起比一張晚報更重的東西的臂力。
3. metonymy(借代)借代一般可以保留原文的修辭方式,不會引起誤會,同時讓譯文多了一份詞趣。如:So, ring any five-week shape-up, focus more on the tape measure than on the bathroom scale. 譯文A:因此,在此五周的減肥期內,要更多地注重自己的腰圍,而不是自己的體重。譯文B:因此,在此五周的減肥期內,把注意力放在量腰圍的捲尺上,而不是放在浴室的磅秤上。
4. pun(雙關)有許多看似無法在譯文中挽留的原文形式的神韻和風採在譯文中卻得以挽留。如:First gentleman: Thou art always figuring disease in me, but thou art full of error, I am sound. Lucio: Nay, not as one would say, healthy; but so sound as things that are hollow; impiety has made a feast of thee. (整個對話之諧趣盡系雙關詞彙sound。)試譯:紳士甲:你總以為我有那種病,其實你大錯特錯,我的身體響當當的。路奇奧:響當當的,可並不結實,就像空心的東西那樣響當當的,你的骨頭都空了,好色的毛病把你掏空了。
5. alliteration(頭韻)英語辭格押頭韻的手法歷來被認為是不可譯的,但是,面對alliteration,並不意味譯者就無所作為。如下的兩段譯文就做了成功的嘗試。如:Change is part of life and the making of character, hon. When the things happen that you do not like, you have two choices: You get bitter or better. 試譯:變化是生活的一部分,而且也塑造了人的意志品德,親愛的。當你不喜歡的事情發生了,你有兩種選擇:要麼痛苦不堪;要麼痛快達觀。再如:Predictably, the winter will be snowy, sleety, and slushy. 試譯:可以預言,今年冬天將多雪,多凍雨,多泥濘。(原句當中的snowy, sleety, slushy也是非常漂亮的押頭韻,譯者殫精竭慮,用心可嘉。)
6. metaphor(比喻)這個metaphor並非狹隘意義上的把A比作B的不使用比喻詞(如as, like, as if等)的暗喻,而是廣義上的英語詞彙的比喻義。換言之,也就是英語詞彙denotation(本義)之外的connotation(轉義)。Peter Newmark在A Textbook of Translation中把英語中的比喻分成四類,令人耳目一新:I have suggested elsewhere that there are four types of metaphor: fossilized, stock, recently created and original. 第一類:有學生在作文中寫出如下句子:In the middle of the picnic, it started to rain cats and dogs, and everybody got soaked. 該句子被改為:While we were busy eating a picnic, a storm cloud suddenly appeared and everybody got soaked. 在A Dictionary of American Idioms中,寫道:rain cats and dogs: To rain very hard; come down in torrents------A cliché. 美國朋友說: If you use this metaphor, I will doubt if you are my grandfather』s uncle! 第二類:stock(常用的)這是指已被收入詞典,但並不屬於cliché范疇的比喻。如:flood一詞的用法。She was in a flood of tears. (她淚流如注。) The corridors were flooded with girls. (走廊里擠滿了女孩子。) Strawberries flooded the market and prices dropped down. (草莓充斥市場,價格下跌。) 第三類的標准應該是:至少目前商未被收入詞典,同時又讓人接受,並感到新意撲面。如在一篇名為Rescue of A Newborn 中有三個句子:A. I focused on a small blob in the mud amid the columns of legs and trunks. B. I suddenly came upon a wall of feeding elephants. C. …grabbed their lost baby and tugged her gently into a stockade of legs. 第四類:original這種比喻並非隨處可見,唾手可得。它是靈感思維的產物。這種比喻在詞典上無蹤影可覓,而且連參照物可能也沒有。如:Jeff Rennicke在A Promise of Spring 中開卷段是:Nothing. No tracks but my own are stitched into the sting of fresh snow, white as birch bark, that fell ring the night. No flittering shadows in the trees, not a sliver of bird song in the air. 試譯:白茫茫的一片。沒有別的什麼蹤跡,只有我的腳印如細密的針腳印在積雪上。積雪白如樺樹皮,是昨夜落下的。在樹上沒有鳥兒輕捷的身影,在空中也聽不到鳥兒一絲的啁啾。
對比喻的翻譯可以分為兩類:
一是保留原文的形象,即: to find an equivalent image. 如:Ani began pounding and yelling to be let out as the car screeched from the parking lot. But rock music blaring from the radio speakers drowned him out. 試譯:當汽車從停車場急速駛過時,Ani開始猛烈敲打和大聲呼喊,但是從車內喇叭發出的搖滾音樂淹沒了他發出的聲音。再如:The policemen who patrolled the big city slum area that summer were sitting on a volcano. 那年夏天,在城市大貧民區巡邏的警察如同坐在火山口上。
二是實行翻譯的「補償原則」(compensation)。所謂以補償方法譯比喻,就是在尋找對等形象無門的情況下,使用變通的方法,盡可能地對譯文中比喻形象的流失作某些補償,以求得譯文與原文大致相等的可讀性。如:Cavorting and diving at breathtaking speeds, the beautiful birds (指鷹) mirrored each other in flight. A. 在空中翻飛嬉戲,時作閃電式俯沖,矯健的鷹雙雙攜游於碧空。B. 在空中翻飛嬉戲,時作閃電式俯沖,矯健的鷹比翼齊飛,形影相隨。再如:But after six years of a stormy marriage, Cewe decided to end it. She didn』t want her son to grow up thinking that kind of relationship was normal. 試譯:六載婚姻生活,風雨交加,Cewe決定結束這種婚姻。她不願讓她兒子在這樣的環境里長大成人,並誤以為這樣的關系是正常的。又如:Rudy knew they had severed the wrong rope and that it was the thick tow line that trapped him. 「Try cutting the other rope!」 said Rudy, his hopes, and his grip, eroding. 試譯:Rudy發現他們割錯了繩子,是那根粗的牽引繩纏住了他。「把另一根繩子割斷!」Rudy說。此刻,他的希望,他的握力,似油將盡、燈將滅。再如:The following week was family conference, something I dreaded. This was the day the dirty laundry got hung out to air in a private session between parent, child and counselor. 試譯:下周將開家長會,這正是我害怕的。在這一天,家長、孩子和輔導員將開私下的碰頭會,列數孩子做的壞事。再如:The operation may not succeed; it』s a gamble whether he lives or dies. 手術不一定成功,能否保住他的生命沒有把握。
本文根據《大學英語》中出現的最常見的幾種修辭格加以分析,希望有助於大家在學習英語的過程中能夠恰當地選擇修辭手段來豐富自己的表達。
明喻(Simile)明喻是一種最簡單、最常見的修辭方法,是以兩種具有共同特徵的事物或現象進行對比,表明本體和喻體的關系,兩者都在對比中出現,其基本格式是「A像B」,常用的比喻詞有as, like, as if, as though等。例如:
●He jumped back as if he had been stung, and the blood rushedsintoshis wrinkled face.(他往後一跳,好像被什麼東西叮了一下似的,他那張布滿皺紋的臉頓時漲得通紅。)在《品嘗家》一文中老人對「我」的慷慨施捨的反應如同被蜜蜂叮過一樣,生動地刻畫出一個處境凄涼內心卻極度敏感的可憐老人的形象。
●The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. (支票跌落到地上,像一隻斷了翅膀的小鳥。)《禮物》一文中,老太太喜迎八十大壽,大女兒不來慶祝,只寄來一張支票。作者把這張支票比作斷了翅膀的小鳥,形象地表達出此刻老太太希望破滅,極度傷心的心情。
暗喻(Metaphor)
暗喻也是一種比喻,但不用比喻詞,因此被稱作縮減了的明喻(a compressed simile)。它直接把一種事物名稱用在另一事物上,從而更生動、更深刻地說明事理,增強語言的表現力。例如:
●What will parents do without the electronic baby-sitter? (如果沒有這位電子保姆,父母該怎麼辦呢?)形象地說明了電視機的保姆功用。
●... while most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism, we are somehow reluctant to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise.(……但是我們中的很多人太容易給別人批評的冷風,而不願意給自己的同伴贊揚的陽光。)作者把批評比作冷風,把贊揚比作溫暖的陽光,生動形象,寓意雋永。
轉喻(Metonymy)
轉喻(即借代)是通過相近的聯想,借喻體代替本體。例如:
●My 15 students read Emerson, Thoreau, and Huxley.(我的十五位學生讀了愛默生、梭羅和赫胥黎的作品。)這是典型的轉喻,以人名借代作品。
●Against the Oval Earth man, the first card I can play is the analogy of the sun and moon. (面對「地球卵形說」者,我能打的第一張牌是,太陽和月亮的相似性。)文中作者用具體第一張牌來借代抽象的「第一個論據」,更加生動形象,淺顯易懂,也使語言新鮮活潑,富有表現力。
擬人(Personification)
擬人是把人類的特點、特性加於外界事物上,使之人格化的修辭格。例如:
●... four evergreen shrubs stood at each corner,swheresthey struggled to survive the st and fumes from a busy main road.(……四叢常綠灌木分別位於每個角落,它們忍受著從繁忙的大街上吹來的塵煙,掙扎著活下去。)「掙扎」是有生命的物體的動作,作者給自然的花草賦予了生命,使它人格化。
●But the houses were cold, closed, unfriendly.(可是那些房子冷漠無情,門窗緊閉,一點也不友好。)house本來是沒有感情的,作者通過擬人的手法,表現房子里人的冷漠無情。
誇張(Hyper***)
誇張是一種故意言過其實,或誇大或縮小事物的形象,藉以突出事物的某種特徵或品格,鮮明地表達思想情感的修辭方式。用於描寫可以使形象更生動突出,渲染氣氛,烘托意境,給讀者留下深刻、鮮明的印象。例如:
●Vingo sat stunned, looking at the oak tree. It was covered with yellow handkerchiefs—20 of them, 30 of them, maybe hundreds.(文戈坐在那兒望著橡樹驚呆了。樹上掛滿了黃手絹——二十條,三十條,或許幾百條。)此句中20 of them, 30 of them, maybe hundreds就是運用了誇張的手法,主觀地渲染了氣氛。
●She gave me the impression ofshavingsmore teeth, white and large and even, than were necessary for any practical purpose.(她給我的印象是:她有一口潔白整齊的大牙,為數之多已超過任何實際需要。)在這里作者通過誇張的描述,使一個貪婪好吃的女性形象躍然紙上。
反語(Irony)
英語修辭格irony就是說反話,用反面的話來表達正面的意思。這種修辭格可用來進行諷刺,但多數是用來表達一種善意的幽默或俏皮,故意說出與本意相反的話,例如:
●Slowly the old lady stooped to pick it (the cheque ) up. Her present, her lovely present. With trembling fingers she tore itsintoslittle bits. (老太太慢慢地彎下腰,把支票從地上撿起來,她的禮物,她的可愛的禮物!用顫抖的手指把它撕得粉碎。)老太太八十歲壽辰那天,急切地盼望女兒回家看望她,稍稍安慰她那顆孤寂的心,然而盼來的卻是女兒的一張冷冰冰的支票,這當然不是老人心愛的禮物。故此處her lovely present是典型的irony,是句反話。
●She was not so young as I expected and in appearance imposing rather than attractive.(她並不如我想像的那麼年輕。她的外表與其說吸引人,不如說是令人難忘。)imposing意指因為外貌、形體而使人印象深刻,作者在此以諷刺挖苦的口吻來描述一個貪吃而肥胖的女人。
仿擬(Parody)
根據家喻戶曉的成語或諺語,臨時更換其中的某個部分,造成新的成語或諺語;或者根據古今名言警句,在保持其原句不變的情況下,更換其中部分詞語,這種修辭方式叫仿擬。例如:
●To lie or not to lie-the doctor's dilemma(撒謊還是不撒謊——醫生的難題)看到這個標題,我們不禁想起莎翁戲劇Hamlet中那個永遠也解不透的句子「To be or not to be, that is the question」。顯然,文章的題目由此模仿而來,給人印象深刻。
●Lady hermits who are down but not out(窮困而不潦倒的女隱士們)文中的down but not out源於down and out,原是拳擊比賽的術語,後來喻指窮困潦倒的人。
矛盾修辭法(Oxymoron)
用兩種不相調和,甚至截然相反的特徵來形容一項事物,在矛盾中尋求哲理,以便收到奇警的修辭效果,這就是矛盾修辭法,用這種方法,語言精煉簡潔,富有哲理,並產生強大的邏輯力量,產生一種出人意料,引人入勝的效果。例如:
●A miserable, merry Christmas(悲喜交加的聖誕節)。聖誕節那天,故事主人公小男孩經歷了從痛苦的邊緣到幸福的頂峰的過程。因此,父母精心安排的聖誕節既是最糟的,又是最好的。
頭韻(Alliteration)
與前面幾種修辭方式不同,頭韻是一種語音修辭方式,它指一組詞、一句話或一行詩中重復出現開頭字母相同的單詞,常用於文章的標題、詩歌及廣告語中,簡明生動,起到突出重點,加深印象,平衡節奏,宣洩感情的作用。例如:
●A miserable, merry Christmas
●Profits of praise
㈢ 英語中的修辭
排比的修辭手法!
㈣ 求一篇用了12種修辭手法以上的英語作文,最好跟平時生活貼切的,我是大學學生
Dear Miss Zhang
I』 not the best student of yours, but you』re the most respected teacher of mine. On this special occasion for you, what I can dedicate is my highest consideration
and earnest blessings. May you be happy; may all of your life be fullofhappiness, joy as well as sweetness.I still remred clearly thattheday I was crying with a heavy heart because I failed to passtheexamination. I didn』t know what to do and where to go, just likeabird lost its way. Teacher, it was you who lighted the beaconofhope in my heart in the dark night. Your warm words,affectionateeyes, which dispelled the cold winter from my heart andkindled theflame of hope as well. And I still remred that theplatform, thedesks, the springs and autumns, all witness the flowerpetals ofyour heart. The buds, the seedlings, the spring flowersand fallfruits, all owe to your sincere devotion.In my view, all Iwant todo is to make the best of every day, and come a littlecloser towhat I dream of. Furthermore, I must not relax my effortsto be thebest I can be and do the best I can do.
Bestwishes
㈤ 急求一篇含有多種修辭手法的英語短文,適合大學上課分析的。謝謝~~
,目標和程序上這么久呢共同奮斗撒均衡羊肉湯少
㈥ 請問英語的修辭手法有哪些要中英文,並舉例,謝謝
一、比喻(the figures of speech)
比喻是語言藝術的升華。
英語中常見的比喻方法有三種:明喻、隱喻和借喻。
1.明喻(the simile)
格式:本體 + 顯著比喻詞(like/as/as if) + 喻體
常用介詞like 、連詞as,as if,asso、動詞seem等以及句型Ato B asCtoD等等表示「好像」意思的比喻說法就叫明喻。
例如:
(1)Teacher, you are like the sun, but more magnificent, andmorebrillant. 老師,您像太陽,又比太陽更燦爛更輝煌。
(2)Your soul is as pure as snow, your personality is as nobleaspine trees! All praise to you, our belovedteacher.您的心靈像雪一樣純凈,您的人格像青松一般高潔!贊美您,敬愛的老師。
英語中除上述的用介詞、連詞或句型等的明喻表達方式外,還有許多常用的明喻習語。例如:
(1)as clear as crystal清如水晶
(2)as weak as water軟弱無力
這類利用類似漢語的押韻和疊聲增加語言的美感。與此同時,又可以使語言短小精悍,表達生動、形象。
2.隱喻(the metaphor)
格式:本體 + is/are + 喻體
例如:
(1)Time is a river, of which memory is the water. Oh myfriend,what I scoop up from the river is all yearning ofyou.時間是河、記憶如水,朋友,我從河裡捧起來的都是對你的思念。
(2)Time is money. 時間就是金錢。
注意:英語中存在著許多數詞習語和俚語,用作隱喻(也有個別用作明喻)。例如 :
(1)You are one in a million.你真是人見人愛。
(2)He has one over the eight.他酩酊大醉。
(3)This film star is a nine days wonder; I doubt whetheranyonewill remr her in ayearstime.這位電影明星現在紅極一時(也指曇花一現),但我認為一年以後人們不見得還記得她。
注意:英語中還有許多隱喻成語。例如:
(1)to teach fish to swim 班門弄斧
(2)to plough the sand 白費力氣
(3)up the tree騎虎難下;lame ck強弩之末;above board光明正大
3.借喻(the metonymy)
格式:直接用比喻事物代替本體事物
例如:
(1)The buses in America are on strikenow.美國的公共汽車司機正在罷工(這里buses喻指司機drivers)。
(2)The pen is mightier thanthesword.文人勝於武士(以pen,sword喻指使用這物的人)。英語中一些鳥獸魚蟲的名字,除本義外,常可轉借喻人,形象生動,意味雋永。例如:
(1)She is a social butterfly.她是一個交際花(以蟲喻人)。 (接下頁)
二、借代(the synecdoche)
借用一個名稱來代替另一事物。替代的方式可以是人、物互代,部分和全體互代,單數代復數,描象代替具體或具體代替抽象等等。例如:
(1)Uncle Sam will not help us.美國人不會幫助我們。(用Uncle Sam代替船美國人本身)
(2)You can depend on him for help whenever youre in tourble.Hesa true blue.你遇到麻煩時盡管去找他幫忙,他是一個靠得住的忠實朋友。(用trueblue代替真金烈火,忠誠可靠的)
使用借代修辭方式要選用最突出最明顯的事物特徵來代替事物名稱。借代運用得好,能使語言表達簡潔明快、具體、形象,以避免重復、累贅,並給人以新鮮感。
三、誇張(the exaggeration)
把事物的特徵,有意地加以誇大或縮小,就叫誇張。
例如:
(1)Thank you a thousand.千恩萬謝。
英語中誇張修辭格,應用極為頻繁。誇張的功能是突出事物的本質特徵,因而給人強烈印象或警悟、啟發 。
四、擬人(the personifjcation)
就是把無生命的事物人格化。
例如:
(1)Books are a guide in youth and an entertainment for age.Theysupport us under solitude, and keep us from being a burdentoourselves.書籍是青年人的指南、老年人的娛樂。孤寂時,書籍給我們力量,使我們擺脫精神負擔。
(2)Love is the master key that opens the gatesofhappiness.愛是開啟幸福之門的萬能鑰匙。
擬人用法在英語寫作中運用得好,不僅使語言表達得生動、有力,而且給人以親切、實在、耳目一新的感受。
五、排比
把結構相同或相似、語氣一致、意思密切相關聯的句子或句子成分排列起來,使句式得到增強,感情得到加深,這種修辭叫排比。
例如:
(1)You are overwhelming jade, as white as snow, as smoothandmoist as grease, as brilliant as candles, and as firmasrock.你潔白如雪,潤澤如脂,你光輝如燭,堅貞如磐,你是令人傾心的美玉。
(2)You are in my mind and in my heart. You are in the very airIbreathe. You are part ofme.Forever.你占據了我整個思緒和心靈;你在我呼吸的空氣里;你永遠是我的一部分。
只知道這一小部分,其他的我也在找。
㈦ 英語中的修辭手法
1.Simile 明喻
明喻是將具有共性的不同事物作對比.這種共性存在於人們的心裡,而不是事物的自然屬性.
標志詞常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.
例如:
1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.
2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.
3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.
2.Metaphor 隱喻,暗喻
隱喻是簡縮了的明喻,是將某一事物的名稱用於另一事物,通過比較形成.
例如:
1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.
2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.
3.Metonymy 借喻,轉喻
借喻不直接說出所要說的事物,而使用另一個與之相關的事物名稱.
I.以容器代替內容,例如:
1>.The kettle boils. 水開了.
2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安靜地坐著.
II.以資料.工具代替事物的名稱,例如:
Lend me your ears, please. 請聽我說.
III.以作者代替作品,例如:
a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亞全集
VI.以具體事物代替抽象概念,例如:
I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力氣,他們就用我的力氣賺錢.
4.Synecdoche 提喻
提喻用部分代替全體,或用全體代替部分,或特殊代替一般.
例如:
1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整體)
他的廠里約有100名工人.
2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般)
他是本世紀的牛頓.
3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.(整體代部分)
這狐皮圍脖與你的帽子很相配.
5.Synaesthesia 通感,聯覺,移覺
這種修辭法是以視.聽.觸.嗅.味等感覺直接描寫事物.通感就是把不同感官的感覺溝通起來,借聯想引起感覺轉移,「以感覺寫感覺」。
通感技巧的運用,能突破語言的局限,豐富表情達意的審美情趣,起到增強文採的藝術效果。比如:欣賞建築的重復與變化的樣式會聯想到音樂的重復與變化的節奏;聞到酸的東西會聯想到尖銳的物體;聽到飄渺輕柔的音樂會聯想到薄薄的半透明的紗子;又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的「 微風過處送來縷縷清香,彷彿遠處高樓上渺茫的歌聲似的」。
例如:
1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice.(用視覺形容聽覺,鳥落在樹上,由它發出的聲音聯想到百合花)
鳥兒落在樹上,傾瀉出百合花似的聲音.
2>.Taste the music of Mozart.(用嗅覺形容聽覺)
品嘗Mozart的音樂.
6.Personification 擬人
擬人是把生命賦予無生命的事物.
例如:
1>.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.(把夜擬人化)
2>.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.(把鳥擬人化)
7.Hyperbole 誇張
誇張是以言過其實的說法表達強調的目的.它可以加強語勢,增加表達效果..
例如:
1>.I beg a thousand pardons.
2>.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars.
3>.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.
8.Parallelism 排比, 平行
這種修辭法是把兩個或兩個以上的結構大體相同或相似,意思相關,語氣一致的短語.句子排列成串,形成一個整體.
例如:
1>.No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one can be perfectly happy till all are happy.
2>.In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon you and yours, to the last of your bad race, to answer for them. In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon your brother, the worst of your bad race, to answer for them separately.
9.Euphemism 委婉,婉辭法
婉辭法指用委婉,文雅的方法表達粗惡,避諱的話.
例如:
1>.He is out visiting the necessary. 他出去方便一下.
2>.His relation with his wife has not been fortunate. 他與妻子關系不融洽.
3>.Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997. (去世)
10.Allegory 諷喻,比方(原意「寓言」)
建立在假借過去或別處的事例與對象之上,傳達暗示,影射或者譏諷現世各種現象的含義。
英文解釋:an expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subject by suggestive resemblances; an extended metaphor 摘自英語專業《大學英語教程》一書
這是一種源於希臘文的修辭法,意為"換個方式的說法".它是一種形象的描述,具有雙重性,表層含義與真正意味的是兩回事.
例如:
1>.Make the hay while the sun shines.
表層含義:趁著出太陽的時候曬草
真正意味:趁熱打鐵
2>.It's time to turn plough into sword.
表層含義:是時候把犁變成劍
11.Irony 反語
反語指用相反意義的詞來表達意思的作文方式.如在指責過失.錯誤時,用贊同過失的說法,而在表揚時,則近乎責難的說法.
例如:
1>.It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning.
早上沒有時間觀念還真是一件好事啊(真實含義是應該明確早上的時間觀念)
2>"Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. "the waiter said to the beggar.
12.Pun 雙關
雙關就是用一個詞在句子中的雙重含義,借題發揮.作出多種解釋,旁敲側擊,從而達到意想不到的幽默.滑稽效果.它主要以相似的詞形.詞意和諧音的方式出現.
例如:
1>.She is too low for a high praise, too brown for a fair praise and too little for a greatpraise.
2>.An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country.
3>.If we don't hang together, we shall hang separately.
13.Parody 仿擬
這是一種模仿名言.警句.諺語,改動其中部分詞語,從而使其產生新意的修辭.
例如:
1>.Rome was not built in a day, nor in a year.
2>.A friend in need is a friend to be avoided.
3>.If you give a girl an inch nowadays she will make address of it.
14.Rhetorical question 修辭疑問(反問)
它與疑問句的不同在於它並不以得到答復為目的,而是以疑問為手段,取得修辭上的效果,其特點是:肯定問句表示強烈否定,而否定問句表示強烈的肯定.它的答案往往是不言而喻的.
例如:
1>.How was it possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worth of note?
2>.Shall we allow those untruths to go unanswered?
15.Antithesis 對照,對比,對偶
這種修辭指將意義完全相反的語句排在一起對比的一種修辭方法.
例如:
1>.Not that I loved Caeser less but that I loved Romemore.
2>.You are staying; I am going.
3>.Give me liberty, or give me death.
16.Paradox 雋語
這是一種貌似矛盾,但包含一定哲理的意味深長的說法,是一種矛盾修辭法..
例如:
1>.More haste, less speed.欲速則不達
2>.The child is the father to the man.(童年時代可決定人之未來)三歲看大,四歲看老。
17.Oxymoron 反意法,逆喻
這也是一種矛盾修辭法,用兩種不相調和的特徵形容一個事物,以不協調的搭配使讀者領悟句中微妙的含義.
例如:
1>.No light, but rather darkness visible.沒有光亮,黑暗卻清晰可見
2>.The state of this house is cheerless welcome.
18.Climax 漸進法,層進法
這種修辭是將一系列詞語按照意念的大小.輕重.深淺.高低等逐層漸進,最後達到頂點.可以增強語勢,逐漸加深讀者印象.
例如:
1>.I am sorry, I am so sorry, I am so extremely sorry.
2>.Eye had not seen nor ear heard, and nothing had touched his heart of stone.
19.Anticlimax 漸降法
與climax相反的一種修辭法,將一系列詞語由大到小,由強到弱地排列.
例如:
1>.On his breast he wears his decorations, at his side a sword, on his feet a pair of boots.
2>.The ties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes.
㈧ 英語修辭手法
1. 明喻2. 暗喻
3. 借喻
4. 提喻
5. 通感6.擬人7. 誇張8.排比9. 委婉10.比方
㈨ 求一篇運用修辭手法的400字英語作文~~大學的,謝謝謝謝了
高中 還是初中總的來說 作文高分取決於 1.語法(無錯誤) 2.銜接詞不落俗套 3.修辭修辭主要:定語從句 (that which 等等)強調句(it is 。。。that
㈩ 大學英語用不用學習修辭手法,表現手法
英語學習關鍵靠閱讀,閱讀提升了成績和綜合能力自然提升,建議你備一款最新出的首款掃描式電子詞典——漢王e典筆,生詞一劃就翻譯,英語閱讀無障礙,還有資料摘抄,手寫輸入,專業錄音等功能。