㈠ 求英文說明文模板
英文說明文模板,從比較對照、分類、特徵、因果、人物描寫、地點描寫、物體描寫分別講解，最後附上常用的句型。
說明文是對事情的發生、發展、結果、特徵、性質、狀態、功能等進行解釋、介紹、闡述的一種文體。這類文章的目的和性質是客觀地介紹、解釋事物，使讀者獲得知識和信息，並不需要發表主張、做出證明。一般說來，知識簡介，商品介紹，旅遊指南，科技讀物，工作總結，實驗報告，教材輔導等均屬說明文之列。
寫說明文，可以按時間、空間、結構、邏輯順序來寫，也可以採取舉例、比較、對比、分類、分析、說明、敘述等方法。
1.比較對照
比較對照有兩種，一是逐點比較，二是整塊比較，即AB交錯或先A後B：
1）逐點比較：多數人認為這種AB交錯的方式可以避免行文的單調沉悶，對比的效果更鮮明突出。如：
There are basic differences between largeand small enterprises. In a small enterprise, you operated mainly throughpersonal contacts. In a large enterprise, you have established 「policies」 ,「channels」 of organization, and fairly strict procere. In the smallenterprise you have immediate effectiveness in a very small area. You can seethe effect of your work and of your decisions ground. In the large organizationyou are normally taught one thing thoroughly. In the small one the danger is ofbecoming a Jack-of-all-trades-but-master-of-none. In the large it is ofbecoming the man who knows more and more about less and less.
2) 整塊比較
It is easy to be a winner. A winner canshow his joy publicly. He can laugh and sing and dance and celebrate hisvictory. People love to be with winners. Winners are never lonely. Unlikewinners, losers are the lonely ones of the world. It is difficult to facedefeat with dignity. Losers can not show their disappointment publicly. Theycan not cry or grieve about their defeat. They may suffer privately, but theymust be composed in public. They have nothing to celebrate and no one to sharetheir sadness.
2.分類
分類是人類認識客觀世界的重要手段之一，也是描寫事物、解釋觀點最有效的方式之一。通過將一事物分類，可使復雜事物變得清晰明了，便於作者闡述自己的觀點。
分類段落的各類排列要條理，可採用從主要到次要，從次要到主要，從多到少或從少到多等方式排列，亦可平行排列。如：
1） As far as political views are concerned, people fall into threecategories. First are the conservative people. Conservatives are opposed tosudden or great changes. Second are the liberal people.These people are infavor of progress and reform. But their opinions often seem to idealistic. Thethird type is the moderate people. The moderates keep everything withinreasonable limits. They are more practical in this hard world. In my opinion,most people seem to belong to this group.
本段採用平行排列的方式，按人的政治觀點分為三類：保守、自由和溫和。
2) These are several reasons why I decidedtom attend Bingston University . First of all, the tuition is reasonable.Secondly, the university has a deferred payment plan., which lessons the loadof peasant families like mine. Another reason is that Bingston has the finestteachers in its graate program. My chief reason, however, is Bingston』sprogram in agriculture, my chosen field, which is recognized as the leader inthis area.
該段採用主次排列的方式，分析了作者決定上Bingston大學的原因。
3) According to Mr. Li, the fifteenstudents of his cLASS fall into three groups. Seven of them work hard and studywell. They always get good marks in examinations and are often praised by theteachers. Li calls them 「good students」. The monitor, the secretary of theYouth League, and the captain of the cLASS volleyball team, are quick infinding out what their fellow students are interested in or what they should doas a collective. They always organize proper activities at the proper time. SoLi calls them 「good organizers」. Four other students are very kind to theircLASSmates, always ready to lend them a helping hand. They help to clean thecLASSroom and the corridor even when they are not on ty. Li says that theyare 「 good comrades」. 「What about yourself?」 someone asks him. 「I』m a group bymy self ——a good observer」.
該段不同於以上兩段，不是先分類再解釋，而是先說明其特點，然後定義分類。雖分類並不科學，卻達到了其幽默之目的。
3.特徵
例證指具體說明人或事物特點、本質及其規律的方法。所用例子需有代表性、典型性。例證型段落的寫作方式多為先提出主題再列舉事例。在事例之前一般有For example或For instance。例證後面，根據情況還可以加上結論句。如：
In order to prevent non-smokers from beingaffected, measures must be taken to rece the chances of smoking. A lot ofwork can be done concerning this. For example, in some public places, such asin the theatres and cinemas, smoking should be forbidden. Even on the train orplane people should not be allowed to smoke. Doctors, teachers and governmentleaders should take the lead not to smoke. Above all, the harmfulness anddangers caused by smoking should be made known to all through newspapers,broadcast, or TV programs. Also the growing of tobacco and the proction ofcigarettes should not be encouraged. If these measures can be taken, we caneffectively rece the chances of smoking.
4 因果
因果是兩個事物之間的關系。一些說明文，議論文通過分析因果關系說明一個中心思想。如不能把因果關系解釋清楚，文章將無法說明任何主題。
因果型段落的擴展模式有兩種，一是分類編法，另一個是連環編排法。如果只討論成因或只討論結果，細節比較簡單，只需按其重要性或其邏輯順序進行編排。分類編排法指先討論原因，然後討論結果；或先討論結果，後討論原因。
1）分類編排法：
Music is my chief hobby. When I listen tomusic, good things happen to me. If I am lonely or homesick, I listen to popmusic. The quick rhythm, the strong beats of drums lift my sprits. If I amfamiliar with a song, I will sing alone with it and my depression disappears.When I am bored or very tired, I listen to Mozart. His music makes me feelalive. Music also reminds me of home. Before I came to college, my sisters andI would listen to music and sing songs together and cheer us. Now I enjoylistening to music and singing with my roommates because their smiles make meremember the happy times with my family. For me, music is an excellent escape,and without it, I wouldn』t be so happy。
2) 連環編排法是先討論一組因果，再一組因果，再一組因果，形成一個鎖鏈。當因果緊密相連，前一果為後一果之因時，經常使用這種方式。
Students shouldn』t stay up so late. Becauseof the pressure of examinations, many students burn night candles. The nextday, they have to get enough sleep. As a result, many of them get sleepy inClASs. They couldn』t catch what the teacher says. Not having studied theirlessons well, they find it difficult to make good performance in examinations.So, it is not worthwhile to stay up late if you want to study well.
5.人物描寫
人物描寫包括外部特徵、性格特徵、思想狀態、行為語言等，用於表現人物精神面貌、披露人物內心活動、揭示人物性格變化，藉以突出作品主題思想。如：
My sister is a boyish girl. She has shortand straight hair like a boy』s. She likes white, black and grey colors, as mostboys do. She never cares for shirts, stockings but loves jackets and jeans.Sometimes she wears a men』s suit and leather shores as if she were a gentleman.Basketball and football are her favorite sports. She also enjoys watchingboxing. She always shouts and cheers excitedly when she is watching a footballmatch. When she is with her friends, she always says Ladies first」 to othergirls. The most interesting thing is that she has been mistaken for a boy manytimes. And she is pleased with that. She always says that she should be a boy.
第一句作者明確表示他眼中的妹妹是個男孩子氣十足的小姑娘。這樣讀者大都會在心中勾畫出一種從長相、穿著到言談舉止都特男孩化的女孩。下文作者正是通過穿著、外貌和性格等方面向讀者展現一個活生生的人物形象。
6.地點描寫
地點描寫指用生動形象的語言對某一地點、某一環境進行具體逼真的描繪，使讀者如臨其境、如睹其物。地點描寫的對象可大可小，在可以為城市、國家，小可是一間教室，一個房間。
地點描寫自然按空間順序排列，作者應立足於一個出發點，由遠及近，由近到遠，從里到外，從外到里，由左到右，或由右到左進行描寫，順序不可混亂，否則讀者會迷失方向。如下面一段作者從大門開始，由外向里逐步介紹學校的布置，讀者如同跟著作者參觀了一所校園。
Now I will show you around our school. Itis one of the largest middle schools in the city. When you step into the gate,you will see a beautiful flower bed before you. In the middle of the flower bedthere is a fountain with many colored flowers around it. If you walk along theschool road, you will come to the playground, on each side of which are rows oftrees. We often read books under the trees. On the right of the playground aretwo ClASsroom buildings. On the left is the newly-built four-storyed building.I』m lucky to study here. I love my school very much.
7.物體描寫
描寫物體時應側重物的形狀、規格大小、顏色和功能。任何一段文字都應有敘述的中心，對物的描寫也不例外。同樣，主題句也應反映出作者對所要描寫物體的看法、態度。如：
The first thing I notice in the bride』sroom is the beautiful curtain. This curtain is patchwork in design, and is sewnout of squares of materials of different colors like white, light green, brownand orange. It is made of silk, trimmed with delicate braids. It is about sixfeet long and hangs from a wooden rail. The curtain matches perfectly with thedark wooden rail and furniture in the room.
通過主題句可以看出作者想向讀者描寫的是一幅漂亮的窗簾。
1．表示原因
1）There are three reasons for this．
2）The reasons for this are as follows．
3）The reason for this is obvious．
4）The reason for this is not far to seek．
5）The reason for this is that．．．
6）We have good reason to believe that．．．
2．表示好處
1）It has the following advantages．
2）It does us a lot of good．
3）It benefits us quite a lot．
4）It is beneficial to us．
5）It is of great benefit to us．
3．表示壞處
1）It has more disadvantages than advantages．
2）It does us much harm．
3）It is harmful to us．
4．表示重要、必要、困難、方便、可能
1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient， possible）for sb．todo sth．
2）We think it necessary to do sth．
3）It plays an important role in our life．
5．表示措施
1）We should take some effective measures．
2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties．
3）We should do our utmost in doing sth．
4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with．
6．表示變化
1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years．
2）A great change will certainly be proced in theworld』s communications．
3）The computer has brought about many changes inecation．
7．表示事實、現狀
1）We cannot ignore the fact that．．．
2）No one can deny the fact that．．．
3）There is no denying the fact that．．．
4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interestedin．
5）However，that』s not the case．
8．表示比較
1）Compared with A，B．．．
2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV．
3）There is a striking contrast between them．
9．表示數量
1）It has increased（decreased）from．．．to．．．
2）The population in this city has now increased （decreased）to 800，000．
3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15％ compared with that of January．
10．表示看法
1）People have（take，adopt，assume）differentattitudes towards sth．
2）People have different opinions on this problem．
3）People take different views of（on）the question．
4）Some people believe that．．．Othersargue that．．．
11．表示結論
1）In short，it can be said that ．．．
2）It may be briefly summed up as follows．
3）From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that ．．．
12．套語
1）It』s well known to us that ．．．
2）As is known to us，．．．
3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about．
4）From the graph（table，chart）listed above，itcan be seen that ．．．
5）As a proverb says，「Wherethere is a will，there is a way．
㈡ 高考英語作文都有哪些模板呢
高考英語寫作……不同文體的寫作
書面表達旨在測試學生的英語書面表達能力。高考的書面表達是一種指導性寫作。試題對寫作的目的，對象，體裁及字數等都有明確的規定。提供給學生的材料形式為文字，圖畫或圖表。試題要求學生根據所給的情景和要表達的意義，寫出一篇 100 字左右的文章。高考中常見的文體為記敘文、說明文、議論文和應用文等。
（一）記敘文：
記敘文是以敘述人物的經歷或事物的發展變化過程為主的一種文體。它分為記人和記事兩種。記敘文的幾個要點為：
1. 時間、地點、人物、事件，這幾個要素在寫作時要交代清楚。
2. 人稱：記敘文一般可以有第一人稱和第三人稱兩種敘事方式：第一人稱是作者以當事人的口吻，把文章中的事情以「我」的所見所聞的方式來敘述，第三人稱是寫作者從旁觀者的角度來敘述，反映事件中的不同人的感受和見解。
3. 記敘文的線索一般為時間，即按照事件的發展順序來寫。以可以按照地點的線索來寫，即以地點的轉移為順序。
4. 重點突出，層次分明，詳略得當。
5. 注意文章的完整性。
6. 所用的時態通常為一般過去時。
例： NMET 2004 遼寧卷
下面四幅圖片描述的是星期天上午在中山公園里發生的一件事。請根據圖片所提供的信息用英語為你校的「英語園地」寫一篇文章。
注意：1. 短文必須包括所有圖片的主要內容，短文的內容要連貫，完整。
2. 短文單詞數 100左右。
3. 參考詞彙：貨攤 stand 搶奪 snatch 逮捕 arrest
寫作步驟：
1. 審題：理解圖意，將幾幅圖連成一個完整的故事。
2. 列出要點：
地點：公園的冰激凌貨攤旁。
人物：一名年輕婦女，一個小偷和一個老人。
事件：年輕婦女的包被搶，人們追趕，老人用傘將其絆倒，警察逮捕搶劫者，婦女和人們感謝老人。
3. 將要點擴展成文，注意上下文的連接，用適當的連詞，副詞。
4. 通讀一遍，改錯。
Possible Version：
One Sunday morning, there were some people in Zhongshan Park. At a stand, a woman was buying an ice cream when a young man behind her snatched her handbag away. She shouted, 「Stop the thief! He』s snatched my bag!」 Hearing this, a few people began to run after him. There was an old man sitting quietly on a bench nearby. As the snatcher was running past him, the old man quickly picked up his umbrella and put it between the snatcher』s legs. The young man fell down on the ground hard. Soon two policemen came in a police car and arrested him. The woman thanked the old man, and the people around praised the old man for his cleverness.
（二）議論文：
在近幾年的高考中，議論文的比重佔得越來越多，議論文的出題形式可以多種多樣，有看圖寫作、圖表、表格、書信等各種類型，但文體實際上是議論文，而有時是夾敘的議論文。議論文的寫作要點是：
1. 觀點鮮明，文章一定有一個明確的中心論點。
2. 層次分明，一個中心論點通常有幾個分論點支持，不同層次之間要分明，過渡清晰自然。
3. 最後一段一般要總結全文，得出一個符合邏輯的結論，突出中心思想。
4. 一般採用一般現在時。
5. 語言簡潔有力，一般不採用口語。
例：
2005年全國高考英語(福建卷)
目前，學校存在少數學生考試作弊現象。某英文雜志社擬對此現象向中學生徵文，標題是「My opinion on Cheating in Examinations」，請根據下列提示用英語寫一篇徵文稿。
內容要點如下：
主要原因：考試偏多，偏難；不用功，懶惰；取悅老師，父母
個人看法：作弊不對，影響校規；要誠實，努力學習；……其他看法
注意：
1. 短文必須包括所有內容要點，可適當發揮；
2. 短文標題與開頭已為你寫好，不計入總詞數；
3. 詞數：100左右；
4. 參考詞彙：作弊 cheat (v.)
寫作思路：
1. 首先審題，確定要點——本文的中心論題是：My pinions on Cheating in Examinations ，所以首先要提出中心論題，點題。
2. 接下來從兩方面來討論這個問題，可以分做兩段，現分析這種現象的產生原因， 然後很自然地過渡到自己的看法。在講述自己看法時要有鮮明的觀點及支持觀點的論據。
3. 最後對自己的觀點做簡短的總結，點題。
Possible Version：
My opinions on Cheating in Examinations
It is known to us all that some students cheat in examinations at school.
As students, we often take examinations at school, but sometimes we have too many examinations which are too difficult for us. On the other hand, some of us are lazy and don』t work hard at their lessons. So when taking examinations, they sometimes cheat in order to get better results to please their parents and teachers.
In my opinions , it is wrong to cheat in examinations because it breaks the rules of schools. We students should be honest and try to get good results by studying hard instead of cheating in examinations. What』s more, we should improve our study methods and get well prepared for examinations.
In a word, it is wrong to cheat in examinations.
（三）說明文：
說明文是以簡明的文字介紹事物的形狀、性質、構造、變化、功用、特徵等的文章。寫好說明文的關鍵是抓住事物的特徵，說明事物的順序要有一定的邏輯性。
說明文常見的順序有時間順序、空間順序、邏輯順序等。
例： NMET 2004 江蘇
假設你是李曉華，住在江城。你的加拿大筆友Bob來信談到了你所居住的城市，並希望了解你家鄉江城的情況。請你用英語寫一封回信。回信必須包括下表中的內容：
自然情況：位於長江邊，風景優美，適合居住；
成就：經濟發展迅速；新建了不少工廠、住房、道路等；
存在問題：水，空氣污染；交通擁擠；
對江城發展的看法：自己擬定；
注意：
1. 回信中不能使用「江城 」以外的地名。
2. 詞數：100左右。信的開頭與結尾已為你寫好，不計入詞數。
3. 參考詞彙：經濟 economy n.
Dear Bob,
It』s very kind of you to write me and let me know about our beautiful city. Now I』d like to tell you something about my hometown Jiangcheng.
Yours,
Xiaohua
寫作思路：
1. 首先確定這是一篇描述地方的說明文。
2. 確定寫作要點：根據所給信息，大體可以分為三個部分——城市簡介，可以按照地理位置、自然環境、城市面貌和變化發展這樣的邏輯順序寫，接下來寫你看到的問題，最後寫你的一些看法和建議。
3. 各層次之間注意使用恰當的連詞，讓過渡自然，結構合理。比如： however, in my opinion 等。
Possible Version：
Dear Bob,
It』s very kind of you to write me and let me know about our beautiful city. Now I』d like to tell you something about my hometown Jiangcheng.
The city stands on the bank of the Changjiang river. It is a beautiful place for people to live in. Its economy has been developing rapidly in the past ten years. New factories, houses, and roads have been built. More schools and hospitals are available for its people. However, there are still some problems, such as water and air pollution and heavy traffic in rush hours. In my opinion, Jiangcheng should develop its economy scientifically. I would also think that the growth of its population should be brought under control so that we』ll have a better hometown in future.
Yours,
Xiaohua
（四）應用文：包括書信、通知、便條等。
（1）書信寫作：在我們的日常生活中，我們經常給朋友、父母、親戚等寫信，這些信件都屬於私人信件。私人書信是寫給親朋好友的，不僅是互通信息的工具，也是交流感情的渠道。書信寫作是高考中經常出現的一種題型。寫作時應注意以下要點：
1. 寫好開頭，提一提來信里談到的各項事情，順筆寫來。
2. 一般先答復對方的問題，然後再談自己想要說的話。
3. 結束信時要向對方表示友善或親切的問候。
4. 語言要自然、平實、簡潔。
Useful Expressions：
1. I』m very pleased to hear from you yesterday.
2. I』m sorry I』ve taken so long to answer your last letter.
3. We were all so pleased to hear you will be coming to visit us.
4. Look forward to hearing from you soon.
5. Please write back soon.
6. Do write to us when you have time.
7. We hope to hear from you soon.
8. Give my best wishes to the family.
例：
NMET 2005北京卷
美國中學生Jeff將要來你所在的紅星中學學習中文，經協商安排住在你家。假設你是李華，請給Jeff寫一封信，按照下圖順序介紹他來中國後的生活安排。
注意：1. 信的開頭已為你寫好。
2. 字數不少於60。
Dear Jeff,
I』m Li Hua from Beijing Hongxing School. I』m very happy to learn that you』re going to stay with my family while you』 re in Beijing.
寫作要點：
1. 審清圖意 信的內容包括以下幾點：住宿、上學、就餐和課後活動。
2. 信可以分為三段來寫，力求結構清晰，思路完整。
3. 注意語言親切自然，避免使用過於書面的語言，比如過多的從句或過於華麗的詞彙。
Possible Version：
Dear Jeff,
I』m Li Hua from Beijing Hongxing School . I』m very happy to learn that you』re going to stay with my family while you』re in Beijing.
While you are here, we』ll provide you with a room of your own with a bed, a desk, a couple of chairs and a TV. You』ll also have your own bathroom. Our school is quite close to our home, so we could go to school together by bike. At noon we』ll eat at the school dining hall. I』m sure you』ll like the delicious Chinese food there, and enjoy talking with friends over lunch. Classes in our school usually finish at 4:00 in the afternoon. You can then join other students in playing games or swimming. It will be a lot of fun.
If you have any questions or requests, please let me know. We』ll try our best to make your stay here in Beijing a pleasant experience.
Best wishes,
Li Hua
（2）通知的寫作
通知是一種安排活動或布置工作時使用的文體，包括了口頭通知和書面通知。口頭通知是當面向有關人員口授有關活動的信息，而書面通知是以布告的形式把事情通知給有關人員。通知的要素是時間，地點，對象，事件具體內容，注意事項等。通知的語言應該是簡潔明了，直截了當。還應該注意要有一定的邏輯順序。
注意：
1）口頭通知一般都會將下列詞句放在開頭
Ladies and gentlemen
Boys and girls
May I have your attention , please?
I have something important to tell you.
結尾時會以以下句子結束：That』s all. Thank you.
2）書面通知在正文之前的正中位置寫Notice字樣，結尾要寫明時間及發出通知的單位。
例：
廣播通知：
你校學生會將為來訪的美國朋友舉辦一個晚會，要在學校廣播中宣布此事，並歡迎大家參加。為使美國朋友能聽懂，請你用英語寫一篇廣播通知。
要點如下：
宗旨：歡迎來訪的美國朋友
組織者：學生會
時間：7月13日（星期六）晚7：30
活動內容：音樂，跳舞，唱歌，游戲，交換小禮品（請包裝好，簽名並在包裝外面寫上幾個祝願詞）
May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make. The Students』 Union is going to hold a party on Saturday evening, July 13, to welcome our friends from the United States. The party will be held in the roof garden of the Main Building. It will begin at 7：30 PM. There will be music, dancing, singing, games and exchange of gifts. You may bring along a small gift for this purpose. Remember to wrap it up, sign your name and write a few words of good wishes.
Don』t forget： 7：30, Saturday evening, roof garden, Main Building. It』s sure to be a lot of fun. Everybody is welcome.