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高考英語寫作中的時態和語態

發布時間:2021-01-17 04:57:48

A. 高考英語寫作最易犯的100個錯誤,看看你有多少

一. 名詞
寫作中,學生們常把握不好名詞的數、所有格以及一些集合名詞的用法。
1. He gave me a very good advice yesterday.
句中的a要去掉,因為advice是不可數名詞。一些漢語概念為可數的詞在英語中卻是不可數的,表示數量時在其前加a piece of,類似的詞有:news, bread, work, paper, chalk, furniture, information等等。
2. That girl loves reading book.
可數名詞單數不能孤零零地放在句子里,或前面加冠詞,或將其變為復數。此處最好變為books.
3. He went into a book』s shop and bought a dictionary.
一般表示有生命的東西的名詞的所有格用』s,如my mother』s car, 而此處適宜用名詞修飾名詞,改為a book shop.
4. My family is watching TV.
一些集合名詞如看成一個整體,則用單數的謂語動詞,如My family is a happy one; 如強調集合中每個個體的個人行為,則用復數的謂語動詞。此處看電視是個體行為,應把is改為are。類似的詞有:team, class, audience等。
5. I bought some potatos and tomatos at the supermarket.
中學階段以「o」結尾的名詞中有四個詞變復數時要加es,它們是tomato, potato, Negro, hero; 其餘的都加s變為復數。
6.This has nothing to do with their believes.(這和他們的信仰沒關系。)
以f, fe 結尾的詞變為復數時一般去f, fe 加ves,如knife—knives, thief—thieves; 而roof 和belief直接加s變為復數。所以應把believes改為beliefs.
二. 冠詞
7. The boss wants to hire an useful person.
用a還是an,取決於後面單詞的第一個音標,如為母音用an,為輔音用a。useful的第一個音是輔音所以應把an改為a。類似的,我們說a European country.
8.Plane is a machine that can fly.
Plane為可數名詞單數,不能單獨放在句中,應在其前加冠詞或把它變為復數,而本句後有a machine, 因此只能在其前面加a,變為A plane。
9.He played a piano at the party yesterday.
把a 改為the ,因為樂器前用定冠詞。
10.The machine was invented in 1920s.
在in後加the,因為表示年代用in加the再加幾十的復數,如在八十年代in the 80s。
11.Xiao Hong went to school by the bus every day.
去掉the,因為表示交通方式用by直接加交通工具。
三. 代詞
使用代詞時請注意其單、復數,主、賓格以及形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的用法。
12.He is one of those speakers who make his ideas perfectly clear.
定語從句的先行詞是those speakers,為復數,因此從句中的指示代詞應為復數,應把his改為their。
13. Whom do you think has left the lights on?
放在疑問句特殊疑問詞後的do you think / believe / guess / imagine / suppose等都不參與句子成分,把它們去掉後,疑問詞在句中做主語用主格,做賓語用賓格。本句中去掉do you think後缺的是主語,應把Whom改為Who。
14.The boss pretended not to see John and I.
John和I在句中都做的賓語,應把I 改為me。
15.These books are mine; those in the bag are her.
Her是形容詞性物主代詞,後面應該加名詞books,或把her 改為hers。
四. 數詞
16.There are fourteen hundreds students in our school.
Hundred / thousand / million / score/ dozen等詞前有具體數字時後不加s,前面沒有具體數字時在其後加s 和of,表示大約幾百幾千的概念。如 two hundred students(兩百個學生),hundreds of students(成百上千個學生)。例句中應把hundreds 改為hundred。
17.Their school is twice as larger as our school.
表倍數關系的as---as中間只能用形容詞或副詞的原級。因此把larger改為large.
18.Today』s homework is a five-hundred-words composition.
幾個單詞由連字元連接而組成的復合形容詞中的名詞只能用單數,所以把five-hundred-words改為five-hundred-word.
19.Two third of the students in our school are from America.
英語表達中分數的分子用基數詞,分母用序數詞,分子大於一時分母後要加s,所以就把third 改為thirds.
五. 形容詞和副詞
形容詞和副詞容易被誤用,形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級也是應注意的重點。
20.The patient appeared nervously when he talked to the doctor.
appear在此是個系動詞,其後應接形容詞作表語。所以把nervously改為nervous.
21.The artist worked hardly to finish his drawings on time.
此句需要一個副詞來修飾,hardly是副詞,但意為「幾乎不」,hard 也可以是副詞,表努力,因此把 hardly 改為hard.
22.This shirt is more cheaper than that one.
More只構成比較級,而不能修飾比較級。因此把more去掉。
23.He is the most successful of the two businessmen.
兩者相比較時,比較級前用定冠詞,三者或三者以上才用most,因此把most改為more.
24.He works less harder than he used to.
表不如… 時用less加上形容詞和副詞的原級,因此把harder改為hard.
25.The book is fairly more interesting than that one.
fairly只能修飾形容詞和副詞的原級,可以修飾比較級的副詞或短語有:much, even, still, far, a lot, a little, a bit, any, no, by far, rather等,因此把fairly改為rather.
26.This is as an interesting a story as the one in the magazine.
as … as中間的詞序是as加上形容詞加上a(n)加上名詞再加上as,因此應改為as interesting a story as the one.
27.The weather here is nicer than Xizang.
同樣的事物才能相比較,weather和Xizang不具有可比性,因此應改為The weather here is nicer than that of Xizang.
29.I would rather take a train than went by bus.
這個片語為would rather do … than do …,因此把went改為go.
30.Is there interesting anything at the meeting?
修飾anything, something, every-thing, nothing的形容詞都要放在它們的後面。
31.I never have seen such a person before.
像never之類的副詞在句中應放在be動詞、助動詞之後,實意動詞之前。因為應改為I have never seen such a person before.
32.The book is worth to be read.
be worth doing 意為值得被做。因此改為The book is worth reading.
33.It is sure that he will succeed.
sure 的主語只能為人,而certain的主語可為人和物。因此把sure改為certain.
34.He is regarded as one of the best alive writers at present.
alive 為表語形容詞,偶爾也做後置定語。因此把alive改為living,或把alive 放在writers後面。
35.I don』t know that he has finished the work yet.
yet 用於否定和疑問句,already用於肯定句。把yet 改為already.
36.He said nearly nothing at the meeting.
nearly 不與否定詞用在同一個句子中,而almost可以。因此把nearly 改為almost.
六. 介詞
37.He usually goes to school by his father』s car.
by加上名詞表示一種交通方式,中間什麼都不加,如by car, by bus, by plane等;如果名詞前有其他的詞修飾,則應除by以外的其他介詞,此處把by改為in.
38.Please wait me at the school gate.
wait為不及物動詞,需加介詞for後才能再跟名詞或代詞做賓語。
39.He has been married with Betty for more than twenty years.
marry不跟 with連用,應把with改為to。
40.I finished the work on time under the help of him.
「在…的幫助下」用with而不用under。
七. 情態動詞
41.He can be at home now because the light in his room is still on.
表特別有把握的肯定判斷時用must,表特別有把握的否定判斷時用can, can表判斷時只用在否定句中。因此把can 改為must。
42.He need come here before the meeting begins.
作情態動詞時need用在否定,疑問和條件句中,不能用於肯定句中,而作實意動詞時則可以。所以應改為:He needs to come here before the meeting begins.
43.He used to get up very early in the morning, and now he is still doing so.
used to 用來表示過去常常做某事而現在不了,所以應把後半句改為:but now he is not doing so.
44.I needn』t come yesterday because all the work had been finished.
由於情態動詞本身不體現時態,所以在談論過去的事情時在情態動詞後加 have done,因此在 needn』t 後加have。
45.You hadn』t better stay up too late because you have to get up early tomorrow.
had better 的否定在 better 後面加not.
八. 動詞的時態
英語的常用時態有十六種,一般根據上下文和時間狀語來確定時態。
46.I will tell her about that when she will come tomorrow.
主句為將來時,其時間、條件、方式和讓步狀語從句中用一般現在時。因此將will come改為comes。
47.The meeting is about to begin in ten minutes.
be about to 一般不與具體的時間狀語連用。因此把 in ten minutes 去掉。
48.The boy opened his eyes for a moment, looking at the captain and then died.
此處look並非伴隨狀語,而是三個並列的謂語動詞,因此把looking 改為looked。
49.I have bought this bike for ten years and I am still using it now.
當句中有for加一段時間作狀語時,謂語動詞必須為延續性動詞,此處把bought改為kept。
50.I haven』t learnt any English before I came here.
我來這兒已經是過去的動作,在此之前發生的事應該用過去完成時。因此應把haven』t改為hadn』t
九. 動詞的語態
及物動詞用在主動語態時要有賓語,因此可以變為被動語態;不及物動詞用於主動語態時不能接賓語,因此無被動語態。
51.The two thieves have been disappeared.
disappear 為不及物動詞,因此不能用於被動語態。所以把 been去掉。
52.The building built now will be our teaching building.
表「現在正在建的」應用被動語態的正在進行時,因此在built 前加being。
53.He is being operated by the famous doctor.
主動語態變為被動語態時,應注意短語動詞的完整性,別忘了介詞或副詞。「給…做手術」應為operate on sb,所以在operated 後加上on。
54.I wonder if the doctor has been sent.
原因同上,應在sent 後加上for。
55.The book written by him is sold well.
說一本書暢銷是指書本身的屬性,因此不用被動語態。本句應改為:The book written by him sells well.
56.This history book is worthy reading.
「值得被做」可以有如下幾種說法:be worth doing; be worthy of being done; be worthy to be done. 因此本句應該為:This history book is worthy to be read.
十. 非謂語動詞
57.We are going to talk about the problem discussing at the last meeting.
此處為分詞作定語,問題應該被討論,所以把discussing改為discussed。
58.The girl dressed herself in red is my sister.
dress為及物動詞,意為「給…穿衣服」,此處為分詞作定語修飾girl, girl應是它的邏輯賓語,因此把herself去掉。
59.Being seriously ill, his class-mates sent him to hospital.
分詞作狀語時,其邏輯主語為這句話的主語,此句應為「因為他病了,他的同學才把他送到醫院去」,因此把前半句改為:He being seriously ill.
60.Having not seen her for many years, we could hardly recognize her.
現在分詞的否定應把not放在現在分詞前面,所以前半句應改為:Not having seen her for many years.
61.Seeing from the space, the earth looks like a ball.
分詞作狀語,其邏輯主語應是這句話的主語,此句中地球應該被看,所以把Seeing 改為Seen。
62.English is easy to learn it.
此句中是不定式作狀語修飾easy, English應該是learn的邏輯賓語,所以把it去掉。
63.I will get somebody repair the recorder for you.
「讓某人做某事」可以有以下幾種表達法:make sb do sth; have sb do sth; get sb to sth. 因此在repair 前加to。
64.She decided to work harder in order to not fall behind the others.
不定式的否定把not放在to前面。因此應改為:She decided to work harder in order not to fall behind the others.
65.It』s better to laugh than crying.
表比較時比較的雙方應為同種結構,或都是名詞或都是不定式。因此有兩種改法:It』s better to laugh than to cry 或 It』s better laughing than crying.
66.It』s no use to send for the doctor.
做某事是沒用的要說成It』s no use doing,所以把to send 改為sending。
67.She practices to play the piano after school every day.
practise 後只跟動名詞作賓語,因此把to play 改為playing。
68.When the teacher came in, he stopped listening to the teacher.
stop doing 為停止做這件事,而stop to do 為停下來正在做的事去做這件事。所以後半句應該為:he stopped to listen to the teacher.
十一. 名詞性從句
69.We are talking about if this plan should be carried out.
If 和whether都可以引導動詞的賓語從句,如果從句做的是介詞賓語,只能用whether引導。所以把if 改為whether。
70.I can not decide if to stay or not.
只有whether才能和不定式搭配使用。因此把if 改為whether。
71.My suggestion is we try for a second time.
表語從句的引導詞如為that,一般不省略。因此在we前加上that。
72.What will the professor say is not known yet.
名詞性從句的語序都是陳述句語序。因此應改為:What the professor will say is not known yet.
十二. 狀語從句
73.I will go unless he invites me.
此句意為「除非他邀請我,否則我不去。」而unless相當於if not, 所以本句應改成:I won』t go unless he invites me。
74.Although he tried, but he still couldn』t keep up with the others.
although 和but 不能同時用在一句話中,去掉任何一個都可以。
75.I won』t stay until he comes back.
含有not…until的句子的謂語動詞應是點動詞,含有until的肯定句的動詞應是延續性動詞,此句有兩種改法:I will stay until he comes back.或I won』t leave until he comes back.
十三. 定語從句
76.An orphan is a child who』s parents are dead.
定語從句中表「…的」引導詞只有whose,所以把who』s 改為whose。
77.This is the very thing which I lost yesterday.
如果先行詞為物且前有the only, the last, the very修飾時,定語從句的引導詞只能用that。
78.This is the car for that I paid a high price.
定語從句的先行詞為物,而且引導詞放在介詞後時,只能用which.
79.She is one of the students who has passed the exam.
定語從句修飾one of 加上復數名詞時,復數名詞是定語從句的先行詞,因此把 has 改為have。
80.This is the place where we visited last year.
定語從句的先行詞用關系代詞還是關系副詞要看定語從句中缺不缺主語或賓語,如缺用關系代詞,如不缺用關系副詞。此句中visit為及物動詞,後無賓語,因此把where 改為which或that。
81.I, who is your friend, can understand you.
定語從句的謂語動詞應與其先行詞保持一致,因此把is 改為am。
82.China is a developing country, that is known to all.
非限定性定語從句的引導詞永遠不會是that,因此把that 改為which 或as。
十四. 主謂一致
83.The poet and writer are invited to give a speech at the meeting.
poet和writer共用一個冠詞,指的是一個人身兼二職,所以謂語動詞應為單數。把are改為is.
84.No one except my parents know it.
主語後加except再加上若干數量的名詞,謂語動詞和主語保持一致。所以把know改為knows。類似的用法的詞或短語有:but, besides, with, together with, along with, as well as等等。
85.Your clothes is on the table over there.
clothes為復數句詞,謂語動詞應為復數。把is改為are。
86.The number of the students in that school are about one thousand.
此名的主語為number而不是students。因此把are 改為is。
87.The class was watching TV when I entered the room.
class作主語時,把它看成一個整體時謂語動詞用單數,看成每一個成員的個體行為時謂語動詞用復數。一般來說,一些具體行為如看電視、吃飯、洗澡等都屬於每一個成員的個體行為。此處把was改為were。
88.The population of our country are increasing slowly now.
population 單獨作主語謂語動詞經常用單數;如果其前有分數或百分數,而且後面又有復數名詞時謂語動詞用復數。如:One fifth of the Chinese population are workers. 此處把are改為is。
十五. 倒裝
89.No sooner he had reached the station than the train left.
no sooner 為否定副詞,放於句首時句子要部分倒裝,因此此句應改為:No sooner had he reached the station than the train left.
90.Here comes he.
here 放於句首時,句子主謂要完全倒裝,但句子主語為代詞時,則主謂不倒裝。此句應改為:Here he comes.
91.A child as he is, he can speak five languages.
用as引導讓步狀語從句,可把形容詞、副詞和不帶冠詞的名詞放於as前。所以前半句改為:Child as he is...
十六. 虛擬語氣
92.She would have come if we invited her.
這是與過去事實相反的虛擬假設,從句應該用過去完成時。所以在 we 後加 had.
93.My suggestion is that we would send a few people to help them.
suggestion 的表語從句也應用虛擬語氣,必須用should加動詞原形,should可以省略。此處去掉would 或把would 改為should。
94.The secretary wishes that she has time to type the letter now.
wish 後的時態應該把真實時態往後推一個時態,所以把has改為had。
95.It』s time that we go to bed.
句式為It』s time sb did sth 所以把 go 改為 went。
96.I would rather you have another try tomorrow.
片語為would rather sb did sth. 所以把have改為had。
十七. there be句式
97.There are a bag and several books on the table.
There be 句式遵循謂語動詞就近原則,a bag為單數,所以把are改為is。
98.There were several people stood at the back of the room.
There be句式的謂語動詞為be動詞,句中其他的動詞應為非謂語動詞。所以把stood改為standing.
十八. 修飾語在句中的位置不當
99.We almost have written twenty compositions this term.
像almost這樣的副詞在句中放在助動詞、be動詞之後,實意動詞之前。因此把almost放在have後面。
100.The girl has beautiful, silky hair who lives high in the mountains.
定語從句應緊跟先行詞,所以改為:The girl, who lives high in the mountains, has beautiful, silky hair.

B. 高考英語時態語態各形式所代表的意思

1 現在完成時/過去完成時2現在完成時/過去完成時被動語態3現在完成進行時/過去完成進行時4進行時/被動語態5進行時的被動語態6現在時被動語態7過去進行時8進行時9進行時的被動語態10現在/過去進行時11完成時

C. 高三高考跪求英語時態的總結

一、一般時態

1、一般現在時

(1)一般現在時表示沒有時限的持久存在的動作或狀態或現階段反復發生的動作或狀態,常和副詞usually,often,always sometimes, regularly,near,occasionally,every year, every week等連用。例如:

1)The moon moves round the earth..

2)Mr. Smith travels to work by bus every day.

(2)在由after,until,before,once,when,even if,in case,as long as,as soon as,the moment以及if,unless等引導的時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中,通常用一般現在時代替將來時。例如:

1)I will tell him the news as soon as I see him.

2)I will not go to countryside if it rains tomorrow.

(3)某些表示起始的動詞,可用一般現在時表示按規定、計劃或安排要發生的動作,這類動詞有:be,go,come,start,depart,arrive,begin,leave等。例如:

1)The plane leaves at three sharp.

2)The new teachers arrive tomorrow.

(4)在由why,what,where,whoever,who,that,as等引導的從句中,也常用一般現在時代替將來時。例如:

1)Free tickets will be given to whoever comes first.

2)You』ll probably be in the same train as I am tomorrow.

2.一般過去時

(1)表示過去某一特定時間所發生的、可完成的動作或狀態,常與表示確切過去時間的詞、短語或從句連用。例如:

We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film.

(2)表示過去習慣性動作。例如:

1)He always went to class last.

2)I used to do my homework in the library.

(注意與be used to doing短語的區別)

3.一般將來時

1)表示將來打算進行或期待發生的動作或狀態。例如:

I shall graate next year.

2)幾種替代形式:

1)be going to +v在口語中廣泛使用,表示准備做或將發生的事情。例如:

I』m going to buy a house when we』ve saved enough money.

2)be to +v表示計劃安排要做的事,具有「必要」的強制性意義。例如:

I am to play tennis this afternoon.

3)be about to +v表示即將發生的事情。例如:

He was about to start.

4)be e to +v表示預先確定了的事,必定發生的事。例如:

The train is e to depart in ten minutes.

5)be on the point/verge of +v – ing強調即將發生的某種事態。例如:

The baby was on the point of crying when her mother finally came home.

二、進行時態

1.現在進行時

(1)表示現在正在進行的動作,常與now,right now,at the mother,for the time being,for the present等連用。例如:

Don』t disturb her. She is reading a newspaper now.

(2)表示現階段經常發生的動作,常與always,continually,forever,constantly等連用。例如:

My father is forever criticizing me.

(3)表示根據計劃或安排在最近要進行的事情。具有這種語法功能的動詞僅限於過渡性動詞。即表示從一個狀態或位置轉移到另一個狀態或位置上去的動詞。常用的有:go,come,leave,start,arrive,return等。例如:

They are leaving for Hong Kong next month.

(4)有些動詞不能用進行時,這是一類表示「感覺,感情,存在,從屬」等的動詞。如:see,hear,smell,taste,feel,notice,look,appear,(表示感覺的詞);hate,love,fear,like,want,wish,prefer,refuse,forgive(表示感情的動詞);be,exist,remain,stay,obtain(表示存在狀態的動詞);have,possess,own,contain,belong,consist of,form(表示佔有與從屬的動詞);understand,know,believe,think,doubt,forget,remember(表示思考理解的動詞)。但是如果它們詞義改變,便也可用進行時態。例如:

1)Tom looks pale. What』s wrong with him?

(look在此為聯系動詞,意為「顯得,看上去」)

2)Tom is looking for his books.

(look在此為實義動詞,意為「尋找」)

2.過去進行時

過去進行時表示一個過去的動作發生時或發生後,另一個過去的動作正在進行,或表示過去反復的習慣,常與always,continually,constantly等動詞連用。例如:

1)We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered.

2)Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk.

3.將來進行時

將來進行時主要表示將來某一時刻正在進行的動作,或表示要在將來某一時刻開始,並繼續下去的動作。常用來表示禮貌的詢問、請求等。例如:

1)This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.

2)What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening?

4.完成進行時

(現在、過去、將來)完成進行時是(現在、過去、將來)完成時的強調形式,將放在完成時態部分講述。

三、完成時態

完成時態通常表示已完成或從事的動作。它可分為:

1.現在完成時

(1)現在完成時用來表示對目前狀況仍有影響的,剛剛完成的動作(常與yet,already,just連用),或者過去某一時刻發生的,持續到現在的情況(常與for,since連用)。例如:

1)I have just finished my homework.

2)Mary has been ill for three days.

(2)常與現在完成時連用的時間狀語有:since, for, ring, over等引導出的短語;副詞already, yet, just, ever, now, before, often, lately, recently等;狀語片語this week (morning, month, year), so far, up to now, many times, up to the present等。例如:

1)I haven』t been there for five years.

2)So far, she hasn』t enjoyed the summer vacation.

3)There have been a lot of changes since 1978.

(3)完成時態可用在下列結構中:

This (That, It) is (was) the first (second…) time +定語從句;This (That, It) is (was) the only (last) + n +定語從句;This (That, It) is (was) +形容詞最高級+ n +定語從句。如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現在時,從句的謂語動詞通常用現在完成時;如果主句謂語動詞是一般過去時,從句謂語動詞通常用過去完成時。例如:

(1)This is one of the rarest questions that have ever been raised at such a meeting.

(2)There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.

2.過去完成時

(1)表示過去某時間前已經發生的動作或情況,這個過去的時間可以用by,before等介詞短語或一個時間狀語從句來表示;或者表示一個動作在另一個過去動作之前已經完成。例如:

1)We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in.

2)By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles.

(2)動詞expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用過去完成時,表示過去的希望、預期、意圖或願望等沒有實現。例如:

I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn』t able to get away.

另外兩種表示「過去想做而未做的事」的表達方式是:

1)was / were + to have done sth,例如:

We were to have come yesterday, but we couldn』t.

2)intended (expected, hope, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired) + to have done sth,例如:

I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so.

(3)過去完成時常用於以下固定句型:

1)hardly, scarcely, barely + 過去完成時+ when + 過去時。例如:

Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move.

2)no sooner +過去完成時+ than +過去時。例如:

No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me.

3)by (the end of ) +過去時間,主句中謂語動詞用過去完成時。例如:

The experiment had been finished by 4 o』clock yesterday afternoon.

3.將來完成時

將來完成時表示在將來某一時刻將完成或在另一個未來的動作發生之前已經完成的動作;也可以用來表示一種猜測。常與將來完成時連用的時間狀語有:by (the time / the end of ) +表示將來時間的短語和句子;before (the end of ) +表示將來時間的詞語或句子;when, after等加上表示將來動作的句子等。例如:

1)By this time tomorrow you will have arrived in Shanghai.

2)I shall have finished this composition before 9 o』clock.

3)When we get on the railway station, the train will probably have left.

4.完成進行時

完成進行時是完成時的強調形式,有現在完成進行時,過去完成進行時,將來完成進行時。

(1)現在完成進行時表示過去某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態一直延續到過去某一時刻。例如:

I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still haven』t found it.

(2)過去完成進行時表示過去某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態一直延續到過去某一時刻。例如:

It had been raining cats and dogs for over a week and the downpour had caused landslides in many places.

(3)將來完成進行時表示在將來某一時刻之前開始的一個動作或狀態一直延續到將來某一時刻。例如:

By the time you arrive tonight, she will have been typing for hours.

四:時態一致

時態一致是英語四、六級考試的一個重要內容。通常應由主句謂語的時態決定從句的謂語時態。一般原則是:

1、當主句謂語使用現在時或將來時,從句的謂語根據具體情況使用任何時態

He says that he lives in Wuhan.

We hope that there will be many people at your party today.

「Did you hear that Bill finally sold the house?」 「Yes, but I don』t know who bought it.」

「There』s a lot of excitement on the street.」

「There certainly is. Do you suppose the astronauts have returned?」

2、當主句謂語使用過去時的時候,從句的謂語必須使用過去范圍的時態

He said he was writing a novel.

The teacher wanted to know when we would finish the experiment.

He said his father had been an engineer.

3、當從句是表示沒有時間概念的真理時,從句的謂語應使用一般現在時。例如:

The teacher told them since light travels faster than sound, lightning appears to go before thunder.

註:在此種情況下,即使主句謂語用了過去式的各種時態,從句謂語也應用一般現在時。

4、從句謂語只能用虛擬語氣的情況

利用時態一致原則確定從句動詞時態時,還應注意,若主語動詞是表示命令、請求、要求、建議、勸告等的動詞,從句謂語只能用虛擬語氣,不能遵循時態一致原則。例如:

We insisted that we do it ourselves.

動詞的語態

語態也是動詞的一種形式,英語有兩種語態:主動語態和被動語態。主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者,而被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者。

1)We use electricity to run machines. (主動語態)

2)Electricity is used to run machines. (被動語態)

1.不能用於被動語態的動詞和短語

(1)在英語中,不及物動詞不能用於被動語態,但有些不及物動詞(包括短語)容易引起誤用。如:appear, belong, belong, die, escape, fall, happen, last, remain, succeed, occur, come true, take place, consist of。

(2)某些表示狀態或特徵的及物動詞,如:become, contain, cost, fit, have, resemble, suit也沒有被動語態。

2.被動語態的時態形式

常用的被動語態有表1所列的幾種時態形式。

表1

時?SPAN lang=EN-US> 一般時 進行時 完成時

現在 am asked am being asked

is asked is being asked

are asked are being asked

過去

was be asked was being asked

were be asked were being asked

將來 shall be asked shall have been asked

will be asked will have been asked

過去 should be asked should have been asked

將來 would be asked would have been asked

3.短語動詞的被動語態

短語動詞轉換為被動語態時,通常被看作是一個動詞,後面的介詞或副詞不能拆開或省略。例如:

1)So far no correct conclusion has arrived at.

2)All the rubbish should be got rid of.

4.「get + -ed分詞」的被動語態

「get + -ed分詞」結構強調動作的結果,而非動作本身,常用來表示突發性的,出乎意料的偶然事件。例如:

The boy got hurt on his way home from work.

另外,「get + -ed分詞」還可用於談論為自己做的事,是主動的行為而不是被動的行為。例如:

get dressed(穿衣服) get divorced(離婚)

get engaged(訂婚) get confused(迷惑不解)

get lost(迷路) get washed(洗臉)

get married(結婚)

5.能帶兩個賓語和復合賓語的動詞改為被動語態

(1)能帶兩個賓語的動詞改為被動語態時,一次只能由一個賓語作主語,另一個賓語被保留下來。例如:

1)We showed the visitors our new procts.(主動語態)

2)The visitors were shown our new procts.(被動語態)

3)Our new procts were shown to the visitors.(被動語態)

(2)能帶復合賓語的動詞改為被動語態時,原來的賓語補足語變為主語補足語。例如:

1)The teacher appointed him League secretary.(主動語態)

2)He was appointed League secretary.(被動語態)

6.被動語態與系表結構的區別

(1)The novel was well written.(系表結構)

(2)The novel was written by Diskens.(被動語態)

7.少數動詞的主動語態有時有被動的意思

例1:The book is selling remarkably well.

例2:The song sounds very beautiful.

能這樣用的動詞還有read(讀起來),clean(擦起來),wash(洗起來),write(寫起來)。

例3:My watch needs cleaning. (= My watch needs to be cleaned).

能像need這樣用的動詞還有:want, require, deserve, do, owe, bind等。

例4:The meat is cooking.

例5:The book written by the professor is printing.

D. 高三英語時態語態復習教學設計

一般現在時:be動詞+動詞原形
一般過去時:be動詞+動詞過去式
現在進行時:be動詞+動詞ing
現在完成時:have/has+done
過去完成時:had+done

E. 2016年高考英語 時態語態考了多少

(2016年成人學位英語考試)成人英語考試答題技巧:一、單選題考查覆蓋面通常較廣,涉及動詞及動詞短語、時態語態、從句、非謂語動詞、倒裝、主謂一致、交際用語等,這部分試題也很少是單個的句子,大多為並列句或復合句,因此我們應學會根據語篇知識來掌握答題技巧,尤其是要注意句子之間的解釋、對比、轉折、因果等關系。1.利用動詞片語中的介詞或副詞確定正確選項2.利用動詞片語中的動詞確定選項3.釋義參照型+近義詞4.因果參照型+近義詞5.轉折或反義與對比參照型6.反義對比參照型+近義詞7.語意環境參照型8.根據詞的同現確定正確選擇項二、完型填空答完形填空題有一定的技巧。每一段會有一個詞,是作者意圖與你分享情感、態度、價值觀的核心所在,一般來說,第一段說的是全文的故事,有中心概括全文,然後一層一層往下講。所以第一段的題可以慢一點做。每一段第一句都有一個特點:是一個主題句,中間有一個名詞。完型填空解題四步法原則:第一步:跳讀。第二步:跳讀。第三步:推敲。第四步:復查。應試技巧一:語境信息解題法:考生應具有通過上下文提示、暗示或鋪墊,對篇章進行整體上的把握的能力。應試技巧二:語法結構法:這類題需要考生能夠從句式的結構上辨別出須填相關的關聯詞、連詞、副詞、形容詞或相應的動詞,當然還要考慮到主謂一致的關系等語法知識要點。應試技巧三:復現解題法:這類題多為同義詞、近義詞和反義詞的復現或同義詞、近義詞和反義詞異形復現的形式。應試技巧四:固定搭配解題法:這類題與語法結構題有點類似,但主要慣用搭配,講究詞與詞的搭配,涉及到關聯詞、動詞、副詞、形容詞、名詞和短語等。應試技巧五:邏輯語氣解題法:應試技巧六:利用文化背景和生活常識解題法:三、閱讀理解1.閱讀的啟示:①短文中的一些難以理解的句子有時並不會對理解全篇產生很大的障礙。②把握文章結構,抓住文章的核心概念。③踏踏實實地提高自己的閱讀水平(70%),並且要掌握一定的閱讀方法和技巧(30%)。要能夠分辨哪些信息要讀哪些信息不讀。④考試閱讀的最高目的:做題。閱讀理解的重要原則:模糊中求准確。2.做題的啟示:①排除了兩項之後,要選擇與文章中心相關的一項。②四個選項中有兩項意思相反時,其中必有一個是答案。③雖然是一道細節題,但也可以當成一道主旨題來做。④類比、比喻、列舉、舉例的目的都是為了說明中心。出題大致思路:為文章取個合適的標題或概況中心意思,作者的觀點或立場是什麼,以下選項與文章切合或不切合的是什麼,關鍵詞的替換,少量簡單計算(增減等)題,要仔細看清題干問題,仔細找答案等等命題。閱讀理解題要多閱讀文章形成良好的語感,同時多做閱讀理解練習,反復做,結合答案分析多思考形成自己的好的答題思路。四、會話技巧、短文寫作要做好會話技巧題,要多閱讀、多背誦各種場合的情景對話,特別是有些固定語句的會話要特別記憶,只有這樣,才可熟能生巧迅速、准確答題;至於短文寫作,除了要有大量的單詞儲備外,還需背誦幾篇交好的範文,這樣作文起來才不致沒有章法,特別是要開好頭,結好尾,巧用長句,減少中文式生硬的直譯英語。

F. 英語語法的時態問題.....速求 ----一個高三學子的提問

1、have been done表示被動,也是一種完成時,主語要求是物,而不是人。例如:This work has been done.
2、have done是現回在完成時,表答示已經做了。例如:I have finished my homework.
3、had been done是過去完成時的被動形式,就是1的過去式而已
4、進行時分過去、現在,將來進行時,過去進行時就是was/were+動詞的ing形式:現在進行時就是am/is/are+動詞ing;將來進行時就是will be+動詞ing.具體是過去現在還是將來就要看句意了,不難的。
5、完成時也分過去,現在和將來完成時。過去就是had +done;現在就是has/have+done;將來will have+done.如果是被動的話就是had/have/has/will have been done.(看1、2、3就明白了)
6、一般過去時,現在時,將來時就比較簡單了,分別用動詞的過去式形式,現在式形式和be going to/will+動詞現在時形式就行了。

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