① 高考英語作文技巧
一、名人名言必背部分。
在英語作文中，我們經常會引用一些名人名言。這里就向大家介紹一些，務必要全部脫口而出，
Culture 文化篇
1.A great poem is a fountain forever overflowing with the waters of wisdom and delight.(P. B. Shelley ， British poet )偉大的詩篇即是永遠噴出智慧和歡欣之水的噴泉。(英國詩人 雪萊. P. B)
2.Art is a lie that tells the truth .( Picasso ， Spanish painter )美術是揭示真理的謊言。 (西班牙畫家 畢加索)3.Humor has been well defined as thinking in fun while feeling in earnest. (Mark Twain ， American novelist )幽默被人正確地解釋為"以誠摯表達感受，寓深思於嬉笑"。(美國小說家 馬克吐溫)4.The decline of literature indicates the decline of a nation； the two keep in their downward tendency.( Johan Wolfgang von Goethe ， German poet )文學的衰落表明一個民族的衰落。這兩者走下坡路的時間是齊頭並進的。(德國詩人 歌德 . J . W .)5.When one loves one's art no service seems too hard .(O. Henry， American novelist)一旦熱愛藝術，什麼奉獻也不難。 (美國小說家 歐亨利)Ecation 教育篇6.And gladly would learn ， and gladly teach .( Chaucer ， British poet)勤於學習的人才能樂意施教。(英國詩人， 喬叟)7.Better be unborn than untaught ， for ignorance is the root of misfortune.(Plato ， Ancient Greek philosopher)與其不受教育，不如不生，因為無知是不幸的根源.(古希臘哲學家 柏拉圖)Friendship 友誼篇8. Some friends come and go like a season. Others are arranged in our lives for good reason.(Sharita Gadison)一些朋友隨季節離去，而另外一些則伴我們度過美好的季節。9.A true friend is someone you can disagree with and still remain friends. For if not， they weren't true friends in the first place.(Sandy Ratliff)真朋友是可以與你有不同見解的，如果不是，首先就不是真朋友。10.True friendship is felt， not said.(Mariecris Madayag)朋友是說不出的感覺。11.Friends are like stars,you don't always see them， but you know they're always there.(Hulali Luta)朋友是感覺不到的存在。12.Memories last forever， never do they die. Friends stay together， never say goodbye.(Melina Campos)記憶永不死，朋友永不說再見。
Health 健康篇
13.light heart lives long.( William Shakespeare ， British dramatist )豁達者長壽(英國劇作家 莎士比亞. W.)
14.Early to bed and early to rise ， makes a man healthy ， wealthy and wise.(Benjamin Franklin ， American president )早睡早起會使人健康、富有和聰明。 (美國總統 富蘭克林. B.)
15.The first wealth is health .( Ralph Waldo Emerson ， American thinker )健康是人生第一財富。 (美國思想家 愛默生. R. W.)Happiness 幸福篇
16.A lifetime of happiness， No man alive could bear it； it would be hell on earth. (G. Bernard Shaw， British dramatist)終身幸福，這是任何活著的人都無法忍受的，那將是人間地獄。(英國劇作家肖伯納. G.)
17.Happiness is form courage .(H. Jackson， British writer)幸福是勇氣的一種形式。 (英國作家 傑克遜. H.)
18.Happiness lies not in the mere possession of money ； it lies in the joy of achievement ， in the thrill of creative effort .(Franklin Roosevelt ，American president )幸福不在於擁有金錢，而在於獲得成就時的喜悅以及產生創造力的激情。(美國總統 羅斯福. F.)
19.Most folks are about as happy as they make up their minds to be .(Abraham Lincoln ，American president )對於大多數人來說，他們認定自己有多幸福，就有多幸福。(美國總統 林肯. A.)
20.The supreme happiness of life is the conviction that we are loved .(Victor Hugo ， French novelist )生活中最大的幸福是堅信有人愛我們。( 法國小說家 雨果. V .)
21.We have no more right to consume happiness without procing it than to consume wealth without procing it . (George Bernard Shaw ， British dramatist)正像我們無權只享受財富而不創造財富一樣，我們也無權只享受幸福而不創造幸福.(英國劇作家 肖伯納. G. )
Ideal 理想篇
22.Do not， for one repulse， give up the purpose that you resolved to effect. (William Shakespeare ， British dramatist)不要只因一次失敗，就放棄你原來決心想達到的目的。(英國劇作家莎士比亞.W.)
23.Don't part with your illusions . When they are gone you may still exist,but you have ceased to live. (Mark Twain ， American writer)不要放棄你的幻想。當幻想沒有了以後，你還可以生存，但是你雖生猶死.(美國作家 馬克吐溫)
24.Ideal is the beacon. Without ideal， there is no secure direction;without direction， there is no life. ( Leo Tolstoy ， Russian writer)理想是指路明燈。沒有理想，就沒有堅定的方向；沒有方向，就沒有生活。(俄國作家 托爾斯泰. L .)
25.If winter comes ， can spring be far behind ？(P. B. Shelley， British poet)冬天來了，春天還會遠嗎？ ( 英國詩人， 雪萊. P. B.)
26.Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.Alexander Dumas (Davy de La Pailleterie， French Writer)生活沒有目標就像航海沒有指南針。 (法國作家 大仲馬. A.)
27.The only limit to our realization of tomorrow will be our doubts of today.(Franklin Roosevelt ， American president)實現明天理想的唯一障礙是今天的疑慮。 (美國總統 羅斯福. F .)
Knowledge 知識篇
28.Activity is the only road to knowledge.(George Bernard Shaw ， British dramatist)行動是通往知識的唯一道路 。 (英國劇作家 肖伯納. G.)
29.Imagination is more important than knowledge .(Albert Einstein ， American scientist )想像力比知識更為重要。 (美國科學家 愛因斯坦. A. )
30.Knowledge is power . (Francis Bacon ， British philosopher )知識就是力量。 (英國哲學家 培根. F.)
Knowledge 知識篇
28.Activity is the only road to knowledge.(George Bernard Shaw ， British dramatist)行動是通往知識的唯一道路 。 (英國劇作家 肖伯納. G.)
29.Imagination is more important than knowledge .(Albert Einstein ， American scientist )想像力比知識更為重要。 (美國科學家 愛因斯坦. A. )
30.Knowledge is power . (Francis Bacon ， British philosopher )知識就是力量。 (英國哲學家 培根. F.)
Knowledge 知識篇
28.Activity is the only road to knowledge.(George Bernard Shaw ， British dramatist)行動是通往知識的唯一道路 。 (英國劇作家 肖伯納. G.)
29.Imagination is more important than knowledge .(Albert Einstein ， American scientist )想像力比知識更為重要。 (美國科學家 愛因斯坦. A. )
30.Knowledge is power . (Francis Bacon ， British philosopher )知識就是力量。 (英國哲學家 培根. F.)
Struggle 奮斗篇
31.Genius only means hard-working all one's life. ( Mendeleyev ， Russian Chemist)天才只意味著終身不懈的努力。 (俄國化學家門捷列耶夫)32.I have nothing to offer but blood ， toil tears and sweat . (Winston Churchill， British Politician)我所能奉獻的沒有其它，只有熱血、辛勞、眼淚與汗水。(英國政治家 丘吉爾 . W.)
33.Patience is bitter， but its fruit is sweet . (Jean Jacques Rousseau ， French thinker)忍耐是痛苦的，但它的果實是甜蜜的。 (法國思想家 盧梭. J. J.)
34.There is no royal road to science ，and only those who do not dread the fatiguing climb of gaining its numinous summits . (Karl Marx， German revolutionary )在科學上沒有平坦的大道，只有不畏勞苦沿著其崎嶇之路攀登的人，才有希望達到它光輝的頂點。( 德國革命家馬克思. K .)
35.Where there is a will ， there is a way .( Thomas Edison ， American inventor )有志者，事竟成。 (美國發明家 愛迪生. T.)
二、精彩必背部分。
在作文中經常有一些好句子可以借鑒，為此，特總結如下，務必全部脫口而出。
1.According to a recent survey， four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking. 依照最近的一項調查，每年有4，000，000人死於與吸煙有關的疾病。
2. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.最近的調查顯示相當多的孩子對家庭作業沒什麼好感。
3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet. 沒有一項發明像互聯網一樣同時受到如此多的贊揚和批評。
4. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a persons physical fitness. 許多專家指出體育鍛煉直接有助於身體健康。
5.寫信的開頭:Very glad to receive your letter of July 13.
6.One day after school,XiaoMing passed a Caf on his way home.
7.The boss had no choice but to let him in.
8.How he enjoyed himself on the computer，
9.Walking home full of fear,he was sure that he would be scolded.
10.However,other students are against the idea.
11.Sometimes we have too many examinations which are too difficult for us.
12.todays activity has taught us the new meaning of the spirit of LeiFeng:sharing with others what you have—you time,energy,or knowledge—makes you fell warm in you heart.It has truly a difference in how I feel about myself.
13.The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of.
14.No matter what he says，I wont believe.
15. Thanks to the good weather，our journey was comfortable.
16. At the news of his death，she went pale with sorrow.
三、寫作指導
多使用過渡性詞語。這樣使文章更加連貫、更具有邏輯性。
（1）表示增加的過渡詞:also，and，and then，too，in addition，furthermore，moreover，again，on top ofthat，another，first second third等。
（2）表示時間順序的過渡詞:now，then，before，after，afterwards，earlier，lat er，immediately，soon，next，in afew days，graally，suddenly，finally等。（3）表示空間順序的過渡詞:near（to），far（from），in frontof，behind，beside，beyond，above，below，tothe right left，around，outside等。
（4）表示比較的過渡詞:in thesameway，justlike，justas等。
（5）表示對照的過渡詞:but，still，yet，however，on theotherhand，onthecon trary，in spite of，even though等。
（6）表示結 果 和 原 因 的 過 渡 詞:because，since，so，as a result，therefore，then，thus，otherwise等。
（7）表示目的的過渡詞:forthisreason，forthispurpose，so that等。
（8）表示強調的過渡詞:in fact，indeed，surely，necessarily，certainly，withoutanydoubt，truly，torepeat，aboveall，mostimportant等。
（9）表示解釋說明的過渡詞:forexample，in fact，in thiscase，foractually等。
（10）表示總結的過渡詞:finally，atlast，inconclusion，asIhaveshown，inoth erword，in brief，in short，in general，on the whole，ashasbeen stated等。
四、寫作步驟
每次寫作前問自己四個問題:這篇文章的體裁格式是怎樣的？主體時態用什麼時態？人稱用第幾人稱？可以分幾段，之間用什麼過渡詞、連接詞？帶著這四個問題去審題，搞清楚文章的主要內容，然後列出提綱。最後豐富自己的提綱就可以了。
這是高考英語作文得高分的秘訣。
② 高考英語寫作技巧是什麼
1
改變句子開頭方式
在通常情況下，英語句子的排列方式為「主語+謂語+賓語」，即主語位於句子開頭。但若根據情況適當改變句子的開頭方式，比如使用倒狀語或以狀語開頭等，會使文章增強表現力。
· We can protect the environment only in this way.
→ Only in this way can we protect the environment.
只有這樣我們才能保護好環境。
· A young woman sat by the window.
→ By the window sat a young woman.
窗戶邊坐著一個年輕婦女。
2
用詞要豐富
為了使表達更生動，更富表現力，同學們在寫作時應盡量避免重復使用同一詞語來表示同一意思，尤其是一些老生常談的詞語。如有的同學一看到「喜歡」二字，就會立刻想起like，事實上，英語中表示類似意思的詞和短語很多，如 love, enjoy, prefer, appreciate, be fond of, care for等。
· I like reading while my brother likes watching television.
→ I like reading while my brother enjoys watching television.
我喜歡看書，而我的兄弟卻喜歡看電視。
·Thank you very much for your help.
→ I really appreciate your help.
很感激你幫助我。
3
合理使用省略句
恰當地使用省略句，不僅可以使文章精練、簡潔，而且會使文章更具文采和可讀性。
· He may be busy. If he』s busy, I』ll call later. If he is not busy, can I see him now?
→ He may be busy. If so, I』ll call later. If not, can I see him now?
他可能很忙，要是這樣，我以後再來拜訪。要是不忙，我現在可以見他嗎?
· She could have applied for that job, but she didn』t do so.
→ She could have applied for that job, but she didn』t.
她本可申請這份工作的，但她沒有。
4
運用非謂語結構
非謂語結構通常被認為是一種高級結構，適當運用非謂語結構，會給人一種熟練駕馭語言的印象。
· When he heard the news, they all jumped for joy.
→ Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy.
聽了這消息他們都高興得跳了起來。
· As I didn』t know her address, I wasn』t able to get in touch with her.
→ Not knowing her address, I wasn』t able to get in touch with her.
由於不知道她的地址，我沒法和她聯系。
·The baby was accompanied by her mother and it got quiet immediately.
→ Accompanied by her mother, the baby got quiet immediately.
有媽媽的陪伴，寶寶很快
5
結合使用長、短句
在英語寫作中，過多地使用長句或過多地使用短句都不好。正確的做法是，根據實際情況在文章中交替使用長句與短語，使文章顯得錯落有致，這樣不僅使文章在形式上增加美感，而且使文章讀起來鏗鏘有力。
At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. Then we had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced. Some told stories. Some played chess.
→ At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing, telling jokes and playing chess.
中午我們曬著太陽吃野餐。休息一會兒後，我們唱的唱歌，跳的跳舞，還有的講笑話、下棋，大家玩得很開心。
6
使用短語代替單詞
一味使用單詞也會讓閱卷老師產生審美疲勞，適當地用一些常見的的片語和短語，也能讓文章閃亮起來。
· He has decided to be a teacher when he grows up.
→ He has made up his mind to be a teacher when he grows up.
他已決定長大了當老師。
· He doesn't like music.
→ He doesn't care much for music.
→ He shows no interest in music.
他不大喜歡音樂。
· Jim is very smart. He always gets new ideas.
→ Jim is very smart. He always comes up with new ideas.
吉姆很聰明，他總是能想出新的點子。
· The students think that they should save some of their pocket money for books.
→ The students think that they should set aside some of their pocket money for books.
學生們認為應該省出一些零花錢來買書。
7
套用某些固定表達
好的固定表達能讓你的文章顯得不那麼生硬。
· He was very tired. He couldn』t walk any farther.
→ He was too tired to walk any farther.
他太累了，不能再往前走了。
· The film was very interesting. Both the teachers and the students liked it.
→ The film was so interesting that both the teachers and the students liked it.
這電影很有趣，學生和老師都很喜歡。
· Your son is old. He can look after himself now.
→ Your son is old enough to look after himself now.
你的兒子已經長大，可以自己照顧自己了。
8
使用地道英語。我們只能寫地道的英語。
· Don't worry. Be bold and try it, and you'll learn it soon.
→Don't worry. Just go for it, and you'll get it soon.
別擔心，大膽試一試，你很快就會學會的。
· Thank you for playing with us.
→Thank you for sharing the time with us.
謝謝你陪我玩。
9
合理使用「高級」結構
使用一兩句定語從句，名詞性從句或狀語從句等高級的句型，能給文章增色不少。
· This is the factory. We visited it last week.
→ This is the factory which/that we visited last week.
這就是我們上周參觀的工廠。
· We work hard. And we will make progress.
→As long as we work hard, we will make progress.
只要我們努力工作，我們就會進步的。
10
引用名言警句點綴
在寫作時根據實際情況恰當地用上一兩句名言警句來點綴文章，不僅使文章顯得有深度、有智慧，而且會讓文章在評分中上一個「得分檔次」。
· As the proverb says, 「Where there is a will, there is a way.」 Though you fail this time, you needn』t lose heart. As long as you work hard and stick to your dream, you will succeed one day.
正如俗語所說：「有志者，事竟成。」 雖然這次你失敗了，但你沒必要灰心。只要你努力工作。堅持夢想，總有一天你會成功的。
· There is a proverb going like this, 「Life isn』t a bed of roses.」 It is true that it is likely for everyone to meet problems and difficulties in life.
有句俗語是這樣說的：「生活不是玫瑰花床。」每個人在生活中很可能在生活中遇到問題和困難，這是真的。
· In the modern world, more and more people live alone, which is not so good for our life. It is better for us to make more friends and enjoy friendship. Just as a proverb says, 「A near friend is better than a far-dwelling kinsman.」
在當代世界，越來越多的人獨自生活，這對我們的生命是不太好的。我們最好多交朋友，享受友誼。正如俗話所說：「遠親不如近鄰。」
怎麼樣，你學會了嗎？祝你英語寫作得高分！
英語學習的供重豪：Emily0英語（不要0）
③ 高考英語作文怎麼合理擴展寫作要點
1. 把字給我寫好!!!
就是所謂的「第一印象」，至關重要，這決定了你的作文檔。閱卷老師閱卷時首先給你的作文定檔，如滿分25分，一檔20-25，二檔15-20，以此類推。想拿高分必須保證自己的作文在一檔。
試想你的字老師都看不懂，給你三檔就不錯了。這個樓上有圖有真相，我就不贅述了，字寫得不好看也沒關系，一筆一畫寫清楚。切記別寫花體，反正我是看不懂的，老師願不願意看我就不知道了。
2. 結構清晰
簡而言之就是段落清楚，我的建議是三段式，第一段寫現象，第二段寫方法，第三段寫總結。大概就是這樣一個模式，隨便翻一個高考例文就差不多這樣。
全文必須有清晰的連詞和介詞，比如however，moreover，more importantly;to begin
with，further-more 。總結用to conclude，generally speaking等等。
3. 拿高分最重要的就是要有亮點詞句
這個問題我之前回答過，高考英語作文該怎樣做好積累呢? 也是我的經驗之談，全靠這個拿高分。
有人私信我要我再補充幾個亮點句式和片語，在這里滿足一下。
it is vital for us to do ……
……is nothing but wasting time
prevail among
broaden sb『s horizon
……is groundless
It』s obvious that ……is playing an increasingly essential role in ……
there are two/three reasons behind this phenomenon
就說這么多，只要自己用心積累，考試的時候必然不愁詞用。不過請務必弄清這些句式或片語的准確用法。
4. 幾個重要的注意事項
請不要使用同一個詞超過3遍!學會變詞，比如要重復表示"下降"，請不要寫三四個「drop」，學會用decrease，descend，go
down，fall，decline。
絕對不能出現拼寫錯誤，時態錯誤，單復數錯誤。想從一檔變成二檔，請出錯。請不要忘記三單動詞加s。請保持文章所用時態合理的一致。
不斷的變換句式。被動句，強調句等變換著使用，嘗試用虛擬語氣等多種時態。前提是合理，不要把自己搞糊塗了。
④ 高考英語寫作怎樣清晰准確地表達自己的觀點
The earth scale change of climate has brought a new kind of natural disaster and the developed and complicated city system is holding a latent risk of expanding the damage artificially.Also people has been spoiling the health since the immense quantity of chemicals have been proced and already used in pursuit of convenience and various toxic substances have been proced unintentionally and accumulated in environment.Therefore,We need some countermeasures from the viewpoint to prevent the city environment form disaster and to manage environmental risks.So we will develop and improve a new risk management system and a disaster prevention system to preserve and create the city environment where people feel easy and sound in their life.
⑤ 高考英語寫作技巧 好的作文開頭和結尾
高考英語作文開頭與結尾寫作技巧
一 、開頭萬能公式：
1.開頭萬能公式一：名人名言
原理：我們看到的東西很多都是創造出來的，包括我們欣賞的文章也是，所以盡管編，但是一定要聽起來很有道理。
經典句型：A proverb says， 「 You are only young once.」 （適用於已記住的名言）It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. （適用於自編名言）
更多經典句型：As everyone knows， No one can deny that…
2.開頭萬能公式二：數字統計
原理：要想更有說服力，就應該用實際的數字來說明。原則上在議論文當中不應該出現虛假數字的，可是在考試的時候哪管那三七二十一，但編無妨，只要我有東西寫就萬事大吉了。所以不妨試用下面的句型：
According to a recent survey， about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graation.
看起來這個數字文鄒鄒的，其實都是編造出來的，下面隨便幾個題目我們都可以這樣編造：Honesty
根據最近的一項統計調查顯示，大學生向老師請假的理由當中78%都是假的。
Travel by Bike
根據最近的一項統計調查顯示，85%的人在近距離旅行的時候首選的交通工具是自行車。Youth
根據最近的一項統計調查顯示，在某個大學，學生的課余時間的70%都是在休閑娛樂。
Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work？
根據最近的一項統計調查顯示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。
更多句型：A recent statistics shows that …
二 、結尾萬能公式：
1. 結尾萬能公式一：如此結論
說完了，畢竟要歸納一番，相信各位都有這樣的經歷，領導長篇大論，到最後終於冒出個 「總而言之」之類的話，我們馬上停止開小差，等待領導說結束語。也就是說，開頭很好，也必然要有一個精彩的結尾，讓讀者眼前一亮，這樣，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子：
Obviously（此為過渡短語）， we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.
如果讀者很難「顯而見之」，但說無妨，就當讀者的眼光太淺罷了！
更多更多句型： Thus， it can be concluded that…， Therefore， we can find that…
2. 結尾萬能公式二：如此建議
如果說「如此結論」是結尾最沒用的廢話，那麼「如此建議」應該是最有價值的廢話了，因為這里雖然也是廢話，但是卻用了一個很經典的虛擬語氣的句型。
Obviously， it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.
這里的虛擬語氣用得很經典，因為考官本來經常考這個句型，而如果我們自己寫出來，你說考官會怎麼想呢？
更多句型：
Accordingly， I recommend that some measures be taken.
Consequently， to solve the problem， some measures should be taken.
過渡短語： to sum up， in conclusion， in brief， on account of this， thus
⑥ 高考英語作文寫作的幾點建議
寫好英語高考作文幾點建議.doc
文檔名稱：寫好英語高考作文幾點建議.doc
格式：內doc 大小：0.02MB 總頁數：容10
上傳時間： 2018-08-22 上傳者：bokegood
下載源文檔需要：18元一、要有自信這是寫好高考英語作文的首要條件。如果學生還沒開始寫,就認為自己肯定寫不好,那麼這種心態就肯定寫不好文章。所以學生應該沉著冷靜,對自己充滿自信,靜心構思,這樣才能為自己寫好一篇高考作文打下良好的心理基礎。二、要仔細審題這一環節也必不可少。看到作文題目後,首先要確定作文的類型與體裁。一般來說,高考作文分為圖畫作文、表格作文、圖表作文、提綱作文和開放式作文等。高考作文常出現的體裁有記敘文、說明文、議論文、書信、日記、通知、發言稿等,其中書信、日記和記敘文都是學生平時經常用到的體裁
⑦ 誰給我提供幾篇高考英語作文範文
英語作文的基本要求：
首先，一個段落必須有一個中心即主題思想，該中心由主題句特別是其中的題旨來表達。整個段落必須緊扣這個主題（stick or hold to the topic），這就是段落的統一性（unity）。其次，一個段落必須有若干推展句，使主題思想得到充分展開，從而給讀者一個完整的感覺，這就是完整性（completeness or adequateness）。再者，一個段落不是雜亂無章的，而是有機的組合，句子的排列順序必須合乎邏輯，從一個句子到另一個句子的過渡必須流暢（smooth），這就是連貫性（coherence）。下面我們就對這三個標准分別加以說明。
1、統一性
一個段落內的各個句子必須從屬於一個中心，任何游離於中心思想之外的句子都是不可取的。請看下例：
Joe and I decided to take the long trip we'd always wanted across the country. We were like young kids buying our camper and stocking it with all the necessities of life. Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie. We started out in early spring from Minneapolis and headed west across the northern part of the country. We both enjoyed those people we met at the trailer park. Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner. To our surprise, we found that we liked the warm southern regions very much, and so we decided to stay here in New Mexico.
本段的主題句是段首句，controlling idea（中心思想）是take the long trip across the country。文中出現兩個irrelevant sentences，一個是Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie，這一段是講的是Joe and I ，中間出現一個Bella是不合適的。還有，Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner這一句更是與主題句不相關。再看一個例子：
My name is Roseanna, and I like to keep physically fit. I used to weigh two hundred pounds, but I joined the YMCA for an exercise class and diet program. In one year I lost eighty pounds. I feel much better and never want to have that much weight on my five-feet frame again. I bought two new suitcases last week. Everyday I practice jogging three miles, swimming fifteen laps, lifting twenty-pound weights and playing tennis for one hour. My mother was a premature baby.
本段的controlling idea 是like to deep physically fit，但段中有兩個irrelevant sentences，一個是I bought two new suitcases last week，另一個是My mother was a premature baby。
從上面兩個例子可以看出，native speakers同樣會造出來irrelevant sentences。卷面上如果這種句子多了，造成偏題或離題，那問題就更嚴重了。
2、完整性
正象我們前面說得那樣，一個段落的主題思想靠推展句來實現，如果只有主題句而沒有推展句來進一步交待和充實，就不能構成一個完整的段落。同樣，雖然有推展句，但主題思想沒有得到相對圓滿的交待，給讀者一種意猶未盡的感覺。這樣的段落也不能完成其交際功能。例如：
Physical work can be a useful form of therapy for a mind in turmoil. Work concentrates your thoughts on a concrete task. Besides, it is more useful to work —— you proce something rather than more anxiety or depression.
本段的主題句是段首句。本段的兩個推展句均不能回答主題句中提出的問題。什麼是「a mind in turmoil」（心境不平靜）Physical work又如何能改變這種情況？為什麼它能起therapy的作用？讀者得不到明確的答案。因此，要達到完整就必須盡可能地簡明。例如：
It is not always true that a good picture is worth a thousand words. Often writing is much clearer than a picture. It is sometimes difficult to figure out what a picture means, but a careful writer can almost always explain it.
段首句所表達的主題思想是一種看法，必須有具體事例加以驗證。上述兩個推展句只是在文字上對主題作些解釋，整個段落內容空洞，簡而不明。如果用一兩個具體的例子的話，就可以把主題解釋清楚了。比如下段：
It is not always true that a picture is worth a thousand words. Sometimes, pictures are pretty useless things. If you can't swim and fall in the river and start gulping water, will you be better off to hold up a picture of yourself drowning, or start screaming "Help"?
3、連貫性（coherence）
連貫性包括意連和形連兩個方面，前者指的是內在的邏輯性，後者指的是使用轉換詞語。當然這兩者常常是不可分割的。只有形連而沒有意連，句子之間就沒有內在的有機的聯系；反之，只有意連而沒有形連，有時行文就不夠流暢。
1）、意連
段落中句子的排列應遵循一定的次序，不能想到什麼就寫什麼。如果在下筆之前沒有構思，邊寫邊想，寫寫停停，那就寫不出一氣呵成的好文章來。下面介紹幾種常見的排列方式。
A．按時間先後排列（chronological arrangement）
We had a number of close calls that day. When we rose, it was obviously late and we had to hurry so as not to miss breakfast; we knew the dining room staff was strict about closing at nine o'clock. Then, when we had been driving in the desert for nearly two hours —— it must have been close to noon —— the heat nearly hid us in; the radiator boiled over and we had to use most of our drinking water to cool it down. By the time we reached the mountain, it was our o'clock and we were exhausted. Here, judgement ran out of us and we started the tough climb to the summit, not realizing that darkness came suddenly in the desert. Sure enough, by six we were struggling and Andrew very nearly went down a steep cliff, dragging Mohammed and me along with him. By nine, when the wind howled across the flat ledge of the summit, we knew as we shivered together for warmth that it had not been our lucky day.
本段從「rose」（起床）寫起，然後是吃早餐（「not to miss breakfast」, 「closing at nine o'clock」），然後是「close to noon」，一直寫到這一天結束（「By nine——」）。
B. 按位置遠近排列（spatial arrangement）。例如：
From a distance, it looked like a skinny tube, but as we got closer, we could see it flesh out before our eyes. It was tubular, all right, but fatter than we could see from far away. Furthermore, we were also astonished to notice that the building was really in two parts: a pagoda sitting on top of a tubular one-story structure. Standing ten feet away, we could marvel at how much of the pagoda was made up of glass windows. Almost everything under the wonderful Chinese roof was made of glass, unlike the tube that it was sitting on, which only had four. Inside, the tube was gloomy, because of the lack of light. Then a steep, narrow staircase took us up inside the pagoda and the light changed dramatically. All those windows let in a flood of sunshine and we could see out for miles across the flat land.
本段的寫法是由遠及近，從遠處（「from a distance」）寫起，然後「get closer」，再到（「ten feet away」），最後是「inside the pagoda」……當然，按位置遠近來寫不等於都是由遠及近。根據需要，也可以由近及遠，由表及裡等等。
C. 按邏輯關系排列（logical arrangement）
a. 按重要性順序排列（arrangement in order of importance）
If you work as a soda jerker, you will, of course, not need much skill in expressing yourself to be effective. If you work on a machine, your ability to express yourself will be of little importance. But as soon as you move one step up from the bottom, your effectiveness depends on your ability to reach others through the spoken or the written word. And the further away your job is from manual work, the larger the organization of which you are an employee, the more important it will be that you know how to convey your thoughts in writing or speaking. In the very large business organization, whether it is the government, the large corporation, or the Army, this ability to express oneself is perhaps the most important of all the skills a man can possess.
這一段談的是表達能力，它的重要性與職業，身份有關，從「not need much skill」或「of little importance」到「more important」，最後是「most important」。
b.由一般到特殊排列（general-to-specific arrangement）
If a reader is lost, it is generally because the writer has not been careful enough to keep him on the path. This carelessness can take any number of forms. Perhaps a sentence is so excessively cluttered that the reader, hacking his way through the verbiage, simply doesn't know what it means. Perhaps a sentence has been so shoddily constructed that the reader could read it in any of several ways. Perhaps the writer has switched tenses, or has switched pronouns in mid-sentence, so the reader loses track of when the action took place or who is talking. Perhaps sentence B is not logical sequel to sentence A —— the writer, in whose head the connection is clear, has not bothered to provide the missing link. Perhaps the writer has used an important word incorrectly by not taking the trouble to look it up. He may think that "sanguine" and "sanguinary" mean the same thing, but the difference is a bloody big one. The reader can only infer what the writer is trying to imply.
這一段談的是a writer's carelessness，先給出一個general statement作為主題句，然後通過5個 」perhaps」加以例證。
c. 由特殊到一般排列（specific-to-general arrangement）
I do not understand why people confuse my Siamese cat, Prissy, with the one I had several years ago, Henry. The two cats are only alike in breed. Prissy, a quiet, feminine feline, loves me dearly but not possessively. She likes to keep her distance from people, exert her independence and is never so rude as to beg, lick, or sniff unceremoniously. Her usual posture is sitting upright, eyes closed, perfectly still. Prissy is a very proper cat. Henry, on the other hand, loved me dearly but possessively. He was my shadow from morning till night. He expected me to constantly entertain him. Henry never cared who saw him do anything, whether it was decorous or not, and he usually offended my friends in some way. The cat made himself quite comfortable, on the top of the television, across stranger's feet or laps, in beds, drawers, sacks, closets, or nooks. The difference between them is imperceptible to strangers.
本段的主題句是段首句，它僅提出一個問題：為什麼兩只貓會被搞混。然後對兩者進行比較，末句才下結論。
2）、形連
行文的邏輯性常常要靠適當的轉換詞語及其他手段來實現。請讀下面這一段文字並找出文中用以承上啟下的詞語：
Walter's goal in life was to become a successful surgeon. First, though, he had to get through high school, so he concentrated all his efforts on his studies —— in particular, biology, chemistry, and math. Because he worked constantly on these subjects, Walter became proficient in them; however, Walter forgot that he needed to master other subjects besides those he had chosen. As a result, ring his junior year of high school, Walter failed both English and Latin. Consequently, he had to repeat these subjects and he was almost unable to graate on schele. Finally, on June 6, Walter achieved the first step toward realizing his goal.
本文中起承上啟下的詞語有兩種，一種是轉換詞語（transitional words or phrases），另一種是起轉換作用的其他連接手段（linking devices）。前者依次有：first, though, so, in particular, and, because, however, besides, as a result, both…and, consequently, and, finally.後者依次是：he, he, his, his, he, these, them, he, those, his, he, these, his. 本段中共有詞彙105個，所使用的轉換詞語及其他連接用語共26個詞，約占該段總詞彙量的四分之一。由此可見，掌握好transitions不僅對行文的流（smoothness）有益，而且對於學生在半個小時內寫120個詞也是不無好處的。
一個段落里如果沒有transitions也就很難有coherence了.我們看下面一個例子：
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds. Writing uses written symbols. Speech developed about 500 000 years ago. Written language is a recent development. It was invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal. The word choice of writing is often relatively formal. Pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from. Pronunciation and accent are ignored in writing. A standard diction and spelling system prevails in the written language of most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and rise and fall of the voice. Writing lacks gesture, loudness and the rise and fall of the voice. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.
本段中除了第6句開頭出現一個起過渡作用的」it」之外，沒有使用其他的過渡詞語.這樣，文中出現許多重復的詞語，全段讀起來也顯得生硬而不自然。如果加上必要的過渡詞語來修飾的話，這一段就成了下面一個流暢連貫的段落：
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds; writing, on the other hand, uses written symbols. Speech was developed about 500 000 years ago, but written language is a recent development, invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal, while the word choice of writing, by contrast, is often relatively formal. Although pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from, they are ignored in wiring because a standard diction and spelling system prevails in most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and the rise and fall of the voice, but writing lacks these features. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences．
4、有損連貫性的幾種情況：
考生在寫作中經常出現下面幾種錯誤：
1、不必要的改變時態，比如：
In the movie, Robert Redford was a spy. He goes to his office where he found everybody dead. Other spies wanted to kill him, so he takes refuge with Julie Christie. At her house, he had waited for the heat to die down, but they come after him anyway.
2、不必要的改變單復數，比如：
Everybody looks for satisfaction in his life. They want to be happy. But if he seeks only pleasure in the short run, the person will soon run out of pleasure and life will catch up to him. They need to pursue the deeper pleasure of satisfaction in work and in relationships.
3、不必要的改變人稱，比如：
Now more than ever, parents need to be in touch with their children's activities because modern life has the tendency to cause cleavages in the family. You need to arrange family like it so that family members will do things together and know one another. You need to give up isolated pleasures of your own and realize that parents have a set of obligations to sponsor togetherness and therefore sponsor knowledge.
因此寫作中，一定要注意時態，人稱以及數的變化是否正確，要注意保持一致。
英語作文的書寫格式
英文書寫應符合書寫規范，英文字母要寫清楚、寫整齊、寫美觀，字母的大小和字母之間的距離要勻稱。書寫應做到字形秀麗漂亮，通篇勻稱和諧。
寫英文字母要掌握正確筆順。如字母i，應該先寫下面的部分，然後再打點。有的學生卻按寫漢字的習慣從上到下寫，寫快了，就會把點和下面的十筆連在量起，顯得十分別扭。字形t應為兩筆。不少人卻將兩筆合成一筆，看上去不像t，倒像l或是e，難以辨認。另外，把r寫成v，把q寫成把g，把k寫成h等等，都是中學生書寫中常見的毛病。
不少人在四線三格的練習紙上書寫尚有規矩，能按字母的占格、高低和大小要求書寫，但在白紙或橫線紙上書寫，卻顯得十分幼稚拙劣。字母或跳上跳下，或一律寫成同一高度，占上中兩格的字母與佔中下兩格的字母完全沒有高低之別。這些現象都要防止。
另外，書寫時還要注意詞與詞之間要保持一定的距離，不能緊靠在一起。字母之間的連寫也應該按照習慣，不能隨意亂來。
在一篇字數有限的作文里，我們還要注意盡量不把一個單詞拆開移行。萬一要移行，則必須以音節為單位進行，如revolution這個詞，依照音節移行的原則可以按re-，revo-, revolu-這幾種方法移行。在移行時，我們還應特別注意以下幾點:
1. 單音節詞不能移行，即使是字母較多的單音節詞，如through等也不能例外。
2．縮略詞如Mr.，Dr.等不能和後面的名字拆開移行。
縮略的專用名詞如U．K.，U．S．A等也不能拆開移行。
3．時間、量度及貨幣單位應視為一個整體；不能分開移行。如；
11：00P.M.應寫在一行內，不能將11：00和P．M．分開移行；寫38℃時，不能將38和℃分開移行。
4．由「年、月、日」表示的日期，如果必須分開移行只能將「月、日」與「年」分開。如January 6，1980不能將January和6分開移行，但可以把January 6，和1980分成兩行。
5．含雙寫輔音字母的單詞，在移行時要將輔音字母拆開。如better可拆成better，necessary可拆成necessary。
但如果雙寫輔音字母屬於詞根，後面又加了後綴，就不能將兩個輔音字母拆開。如drill加上-ing後構成了drilling，就不可以將它拆成成dril-ling，而只能拆為drilling。
例文：
1.寵物：
A Talkative Parrot
A lady worked in a company. There were a lot of shops on her way to work. One morning, when she was walking to work, she passed by a new pet shop. She was so excited when she saw a parrot sitting beside the door. She really loved birds.
When she stopped to look at the handsome bird, it said to her, "Hey, lady, you are really ugly.」
This made the lady very angry. She quickly left the shop and went to work. On her way home, she passed the same pet shop again. This time the parrot saw her again, it said immediately:
"Hey lady, you are really ugly!"
The lady tried to control herself. She walked to the shopkeeper and told him that if the parrot said it again, she would have the police come and take it away. "I'm so sorry, madam. I promise it won't happen again," the shopkeeper said.
The next morning, when the lady walked past the pet shop, she pretended that she didn』t see it. But the parrot saw her at once and said to her quickly, "Hey lady."
She stopped and looked at the bird coldly. "Yes?" she answered in an angry voice.
The bird, sitting up straight and smiling at her, said, "You know."
2.人物：
Elizabeth Bennet （伊麗莎白）
The second daughter in the Bennet family, and the most intelligent and quick-witted, Elizabeth is the protagonist of Pride and Prejudice and one of the most well-known female characters in English literature. Her admirable qualities are numerous—she is lovely, clever, and, in a novel defined by dialogue, she converses as brilliantly as anyone. Her honesty, virtue, and lively wit enable her to rise above the nonsense and bad behavior that pervade her class-bound and often spiteful society. Nevertheless, her sharp tongue and tendency to make hasty judgments often lead her astray; Pride and Prejudice is essentially the story of how she (and her true love, Darcy) overcome all obstacles—including their own personal failings—to find romantic happiness. Elizabeth must not only cope with a hopeless mother, a distant father, two badly behaved younger siblings, and several snobbish, antagonizing females, she must also overcome her own mistaken impressions of Darcy, which initially lead her to reject his proposals of marriage. Her charms are sufficient to keep him interested, fortunately, while she navigates familial and social turmoil. As she graally comes to recognize the nobility of Darcy』s character, she realizes the error of her initial prejudice against him.
Bennet家庭的第二個女兒和最聰明和機智，伊麗莎白是自豪感和偏見的主演和其中一個在英國文學的最知名的女性角色。 她令人敬佩的質量是numerous—she是可愛的，聰明，並且，在對話定義的小說，她一樣精采地交談象任何人。 她的誠實、美德和活潑的機智使她在胡話之上起來，並且彌漫她的壞行為類跳起和經常惡意的社會。 然而，她的伶俐的口舌和傾向經常做倉促評斷帶領她迷路; 自豪感和偏見本質上是故事她(和她真實的愛， Darcy)怎樣克服他們自己的個人failings—to發現浪漫幸福的所有obstacles—including。 伊麗莎白必須不僅應付一個絕望的母親，一個遙遠的父親，二非常表現的更加年輕的兄弟姐妹，並且幾位勢利，對抗的女性，她必須也克服Darcy她自己的錯誤印象，最初帶領她拒絕他的求婚。 而她駕駛家族和社會動亂，她魅力是充足保持他感興趣，幸運地。 當她逐漸來認可Darcy』s字元的貴族，她體會她對他的最初的偏見錯誤。
⑧ 高考英語寫作中怎樣使用復雜結構
但如何幫助學生真正理解復雜結構，並從整篇作文的角度來定位好的句子呢？我們很難給復雜結構下個確切的定義，但可從以下幾個方面探討對「復雜結構」的理解。
1. 簡單句也可能成為好句子
（1）恰當的形容詞、副詞——表達意見，情感流露的載體。例如：
It turned into a quarrel. → It turned into a horrible/terrible/fierce quarrel.
雖然只是添加了一個形容詞，但quarrel 的程度、作者的態度和場景的再現更好地表現了出來。又如：
They began to quarrel. → They began to quarrel with each other blindly/furiously.
（2）同位語——精巧完善欲達之意。例如：
Li Jiang, who is Su Hua's classmate, is also to blame. → Li Jiang, Su Hua's classmate, is also to blame.
定語從句固然帶來了復雜結構，但簡潔明了是行文的基本要求，該惜墨處勿潑墨。又如：
The boy went back home and was full of fear. → The boy went back home, full of fear.
形容詞短語full of fear作狀語的表達既簡潔明了，又生動形象。
（3）評注性狀語——娓娓道來，突出了寫作的交際性。例如：
It was Su's fault but Li was also to blame. → To be honest/To be frank, it was Su's fault but Li was also to blame.
評注性狀語是插入語的一種，它與狀語很接近，但它並不修飾謂語或其他詞，而是對整個句子進行解釋或說明，表明說話人的看法或態度，給讀者以娓娓道來之感。又如：
To be short, it is everyone's responsibility to keep the world clean.
（4）非謂語結構——簡潔生動之美。例如：
Sandy struck the USA and caused great damage to the infrastructure. → Sandy struck the USA, causing great damage to the infrastructure.
非謂語結構是豐富句子的有效結構，書面性強，表達更為生動。又如：
After I finished my homework, I often relaxed myself by playing computer games. → Having finished my homework, I often relaxed myself by playing computer games.
（5）被動語態——地道之美。例如：
Some people say this kind of milk contains different levels of nutrients. → This kind of milk is said to contain different levels of nutrients. → It is said that this kind of milk contains different levels of nutrients.
受母語負遷移的影響，學生在表達動作發出者不明確時常用主動語態表達，有中式英語之嫌；而使用被動結構卻能給句子帶來地道英語之美。又如：
People believe that mutual understanding contributes to a permanent friendship. → It is generally believed that mutual understanding contributes to a permanent friendship.
2. 復雜自有其道
（1）復合句——長短之變，節奏之美。例如：
Su Hua and Li Jiang played basketball on the playground. They both jumped up to catch the flying ball. → Su Hua and Li Jiang were playing basketball on the playground when they both jumped up to catch the flying ball.
復合句使用了定語從句、狀語從句，明確了概念的外延，增大了概念的內涵，邏輯性強。再有，長短句結構交替使用後，語句內部抑揚頓挫的節奏感就出來了，從而使文章流暢自然，生動活潑。
（2）倒裝句——強化情感，讓句子結構趨於平衡。例如：
Su said many mean words to Li and shouted at the top of his voice as well. → Not only did Su say many mean words to Li but also shouted at the top of his voice.
倒裝句常帶來承上啟下、平衡結構、強化情感之效。又如：
A man, who is in all black, is standing with a gun in hand in front of her. → Standing in front of her is a man, who is in all black, with a gun in hand.
（3）強調句——為了突出句子中的某一部分常使用強調句，以便能引起他人的注意，更明確地表達自己的意願和情感。例如：
He didn't come back until the clock struck twelve. → It was not until the clock struck twelve that he came back.
（4）省略句——干練，無冗長之嫌。例如：
While they were catching the flying ball, they bumped into each other. → While catching the flying ball, they bumped into each other.
（5）虛擬語氣——極盡感激、遺憾或悔恨之情。例如：
No one put himself in the other's place. They found no fun in the game. → If one of them had put himself in the other's place, they could have found more fun in the game.
另外，虛擬語氣還可以表示說話人的一種願望、假設、懷疑、猜測、建議等含意。書面表達題中常用「假如你是……，你會如何……？」來考查考生的個人認識或解決問題的能力。
前文提到的那位高三學生是一名英語基礎很好的學生，向其呈現了以上探討後，心領神會，修改習作如下：
Conflicts with others are common in everyday life. These conflicts can turn out to be serious problems if we don't deal with them properly.
Last week, Su Hua and Li Jiang were playing basketball on the playground when they both jumped up to catch the flying ball. Unfortunately, they bumped into each other. Su began to say mean words and Li shouted back in response. A terrible quarrel occurred all of a sudden.
How to avoid these quarrels effectively? First, we should often stand in others' shoes when faced with conflicts. Second, stay as cool as a cucumber. Think twice and you may find that things are not so bad as you thought first. What's more, we should be good sports. Competitive sports involve unavoidable bumps or even injuries, which should be taken into consideration when you participate in a game.
三、「復雜結構」的再思量
在高三上學期基本語法學完之後，許多老師會讓學生在寫作中嘗試運用各種復合句或特殊結構。陳幸佩（2011）在《高三英語寫作復習課的有效性——以寧波市第六屆課例評析為例》一文中描述了一位授課教師在寫作技能環節總結的四句口訣：①肯定不如雙否好；②陳述不如倒裝巧；③單句不如復句妙；④從句不如短句傲。但該作者也鮮明地指出此舉容易造成學生刻意或生搬硬套地運用這些復雜句的可能。
那麼，到底應該如何理解復雜語法結構？
在「要點完整，語言無誤，行文連貫，表達清楚」的評分標准指導下，考生往往在書面表達中只用五種基本簡單句來表達，以防出錯，從而導致中學生寫作的層次不高，略顯乏味。「應用了較多的語法結構和詞彙；語法結構或詞彙方面有些許錯誤，但為盡力使用較復雜結構或較高級詞彙所致」的新評分標准有其深刻的背景，它雖能引領師生重視並提升寫作的品質，但卻沒有或不便明確說明內容決定形式、簡單與復雜並存等要素。由此，部分師生誤以為多用結構復雜的句子就會有層次，可以得到高分。事實上，簡單句本身同樣可以發揮其精妙的表情達意之功。有時一個簡單的介詞短語也能增添情感的魅力或激發讀者的共鳴。例如，一位學生習作（談雙休日的利與弊）中有這樣的句子：
With the two-day weekends, we can have more time to chat with our parents. → With the two-day weekends, we can have more time to chat with our parents around the table.
句中的around the table能讓讀者頭腦中浮現出生活的場景，喚起了家庭的溫馨之感。
可見，復雜結構並不僅是復雜的句子結構，它應是根據內容和行文需要，巧妙使用高中所學的詞彙和各種語法知識，長短句結合，恰當、連貫地傳遞信息和表達自己的思想，充分體現寫作的交際本質。
⑨ 高考英語寫作技巧
1.盡量來用短句，避免長句。自
2.多用高級詞彙，避免誤用。
3.字跡清晰，尤其注意要工整，不能塗改，有時間最好打草稿。
4.多留意範文的開頭與結尾。注意借鑒
5.注意總結，對各種類型的文章最好能背上一二篇範文。
（這是我的親身經驗！）
（我今年高考英語作文應該只扣了2分。也祝你取得成功）