⑴ 如何在英語寫作中做到用詞生動,簡潔,多樣,具
1. 如何做到用詞生動
中國同學寫作喜歡濫用兩個詞:is 和make。make sb do sth, 這個結構廣泛收到中國學生們的歡迎。
這兩個詞語的問題在於是靜態的, there be 句型也是如此。只有盡可能在英語表達中選用短小有力的動詞,比如action verb,才能使文章更有活力。
要盡量避免be/make的系動詞形式表達,盡可能選擇表示強有力的行為動詞,寫出生動、簡潔、有力、耐讀和連貫的文章。
例如,如果你想表達「讓某事變得更快」,在考場的緊張心情下可能直接會寫出「make it faster」,為了讓這個片語更生動地表達,我們可以用動詞accelerate(v.加速)來取代make片語。Accelerate就是一個「行為動詞」。
舉例
1.
His criminal record made him unable to be admitted to the university.
His criminal record disqualified him from being admitted to the university.
原句中用了make sb unable to…這個片語,我們可以用disqualify(使失去資格)一詞來取代。
2.
Ecological imbalances is the biggest threat to the survival of wild animals and plants.
Ecological imbalances threaten the survival of wild animals and plants, even human beings.
要表達「某事物是一種威脅」,很多學生會直覺地用漢英直接翻譯的思維寫出sth is a threat to…, 然而,threat其實可以直接做動詞,它使得修改後的句子更加的生動。
在日常寫作訓練中,我們需要擺脫習慣性思維的束縛,直接以英語來思維和表達,而不是先用漢語思維,再翻譯成英語。
想要學習更全面的英文行為動詞,來改善你貧乏的寫作用詞?
關注新俊傑微信公眾號 (ID: nextleaders),在後台直接留言回復「行為動詞」和你的電子郵件,我們會發給你action verb list,內含500個托福常用行為動詞。
2. 如何做到用詞簡潔
善用分詞短語
例如
他猛然倒在一把椅子上,椅子被壓得吱吱作響。
He crashed down on a chair which proced a protesting sound.
He crashed down on a protesting chair.
有的定語從句可以直接簡化為一個分詞形式作為定語,修飾名詞成分。
善用形容詞短語
例如
當我的工作很忙時,不得不經常搬家,我女兒只得轉學。
My daughter had to change schools when my work schele was busy and this made it necessary for me to move houses.
My daughter had to change schools when my busy schele made it necessary for me to move houses.
某些單獨的形容詞就表示復雜的意思
例如
這份雜志內容有趣,文字淺顯,立即受到大家的喜歡。
The magazine is immediately popular as its content is interesting and its language is easy.
The magazine has gained immediate popularity at once as it is interesting and easy.
路面結冰,又很滑,加上能見度很低,因為導致了這場交通事故。
The road was frozen and slippery and one could hardly see clearly, so the road accident was caused.
Icy road and poor visibility led to the accident.
運用單個副詞
例如
然而,近年來關於該問題的警告引起了公眾的廣泛關注,這是可以理解的。
Nevertheless, recent alarms about this problem caused wide public concern. This is understandable.
à Nevertheless, recent alarms about this problem have understandably caused wide public concern.
運用抽象名詞
例如
他每天花三小時看體育節目。他把心思都放在體育上,這對他的學習是妨礙的。
He spends nearly 3 hours on watching sports events. The fact that he was completely absorbed in sport interfered with his studies.
He spends nearly 3 hours on watching sports events. His complete absorptioninterfered with his studies.
他有才能,人品好,辦事效率高,他肯定會提升的。
He is capable, easygoing and works efficiently. He will surely be promoted.
His aptitude, personality and efficiency guarantee his promotion.
運用介詞短語
例如
醫生給了她一些治療感冒的葯。
The doctor have her some medicine for her cold.
For 就是治療的意思,寫成give her some medicine for curing her cold 就是不了解介詞的意思。
英語中at, with, over, out of 等這些介詞在表示感情列致使行為時,往往替代動詞。如:I am surprised at the news. / He is pleased with your progress.等
3. 如何做到用詞多樣
「Never use the same word or write the same thing twice in a sentence unless you are repeating intentionally for emphasis or for clarity.」
英語中的意思接近,場合接近的同義詞種類非常多,但是漢語的同義詞主要集中在形容詞上。
中文是意合型語言,不是靠連詞,代詞等語言手段,而主要是靠句子內在的意思來連接的。這就給句子的表達提出了更高的要求。也就是說句子的意思必須清楚明了,歧視性和模糊性要低,句子才能行文通暢。英語則可以大量變換用詞,不會引起歧義。
豐富的詞彙變換手段包括——
同義詞
例如
I first heard this tale shortly after the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976). Later someone told me that the story appeared in a travel magazine.
同義詞還可以擴展到結構
例如
One great ignorance about the distant past also makes it difficult to identify great men. For example, no one knows who invented the wheel or discovered he proctive use of fire. Little is known about the invention of writing and of numbers.
近義詞
近義詞和同義詞只是程度上有差異而已。有些詞孤立起來看完全沒有聯系。但是在上下文里指的是同一間事。它們就構成了同義關系。
例如
The Second World War in some ways gave birth to less novelty and genius than the First. It was, of course, a greater cataclysm, fought over a wider area, and altered the social and political contour of the world at least as radically as its predecessor.
籠統詞
指的是那些范圍更大,意思更含糊的詞,比如thing, task等。
例如
Perhaps is will suffice to mention the nuclear bomb. Imagine the effect on a reasonably advanced technological society, one that still does not possess the bomb, of making it aware of the possibility, of supplying sufficient details to enable the thingto be constructed.
4 如何做到用詞具體
用詞具體忌籠統是使文章具體生動的又一方法。
例如
She had straight A』s and scholarship offers from some of the most prestigious universities in the country.
She had straight A』s and scholarship offers from some of Stanford and Cornell.
在第二句話中,「prestigious universities」被具體地改為「斯坦福」與「康耐爾」
在寫作時,要有意識的注意具體詞的用法,表示人可以具體地用稱謂來表達,如babysitter, colonel, teacher, doctor等;表達「說」,除了「say」或者「speak」還有很多表達方式,如exclaim (大聲說)、 blurt (脫口而出)、stammer (結結巴巴說)等。
⑵ 英語寫作中表達總結意義的銜接詞
in conclution, 後接句子
to conclude, 後接句子
in a word, 後接短句
Hence, 後接結論
Therefore/Thereafter, 後接結論
thus 表示結論,用法比較靈活 可以放句首,特定情況下的主語後面以及謂語後面
Admittedly, 後接句子,意思是誠然,表示讓步,在文章哪裡都能用
as all described/analysed/argued above, 後接句子 as has been noted 如前所述
above all 最重要的是 accordingly 於是
as a result結果 in sum 總之,簡而言之 to sum up
in summary 簡要地說
as i have said 如我所述 on the whole 總體來說;整個看來
at last 最後
by and large 一般說來
briefly 簡單扼要地 to speak frankly 坦白地說
by doing so 如此
eventually 最後 surely 無疑
finally 最後
in brief 簡言之 no doubt 毫無疑問 undoubtedly 無疑
in short 簡而言之 truly 的確
so 所以
certainly 當然地;無疑地 obviously 顯然
注意:all in all 最好不要用, 外國人幾乎不用
希望對你有幫助,還有請採納吧
⑶ 英語寫作如何使用高級詞彙
1.注意使用片語、習語來代替一些單詞以增加文采。如用make use of替代版use,用catch sight of替代see等。
2.使用一些很有「洋味」的詞語權。如
Thank you for sharing the time with us.(用share不用spend)
The way he views the world is very practical.(用view而不用look at)
The noise nearly drove me mad.(用drive而不用make)
3.避免重復使用同一單詞或短語。如
I like reading while my brother enjoys(不用likes) watching TV.
希望對你有幫助~
⑷ 英語寫作中常見的幾種句型
英語寫作中常見的十二種句型
such+名詞性片語+that…
so+形容詞/副詞+that…——如此……以致……
例如:(1)she is such a good teacher that we all love her.她是一個好老師,我們都愛她。
(2)it was such a hot day that they didn』t go out for a walk as usual.這么熱的天氣,他們沒有像往常一樣去散步。
注意點:
1.such+a+形容詞+名詞+that…,可以改寫成:so+形容詞+a+名詞+that…,例句(1)可以改寫成:she is so good a teacher that we all love her.
2.在such+形容詞+名詞復數或不可數名詞+that…結構中,形容詞如果是many/few或much/little時,用so不用such,即:so+many/few+可數名詞復數+that…,so+much/little+不可數名詞+that…
(1)there are so many people in the room that i can』t get in.房間里人太多,我進不去。
(2)the man has so much money that he can buy a car.那人很有錢,他能買一輛小汽車。
句型(二)there be…,either…or…,neither…nor…,not only…but also…
例如:(1)there is a pen and two pencils in his pencil-box.他的鉛筆盒裡有一支鋼筆和兩支鉛筆。
(2)not only you but also i have been to the great wall.你和我都沒有去過長城。
(3)either you or i am leaving for shanghai.要麼你去上海,要麼我去上海。
(4)neither you nor he is right.你和他都不對。
(5)both jack and tim are english.
jack和tim是英國人。
注意點:當這幾個句型連接主語時,謂語動詞的人稱和數要考慮「就近原則」,對比both…and… 來記憶,both…and…連接主語時視為復數。
句型(三)enough+名詞+to do…——有足夠的……做某事
形容詞/副詞+enough+to do …——足夠……做某事
例如:(1)there is enough room to hold these people to have a meeting.有足夠的地方容下這些人開會。
(2)the boy is strong enough to carry the heavy box.這個男孩力氣夠大,能搬動這只箱子。
注意點:enough做副詞修飾形容詞或副詞時,放在所修飾詞的後面,句子可以用so…that…句型改寫。例句(2)可以改寫為:the boy is so strong that he can carry the heavy box.這個男孩力氣很大,能搬動這只箱子。
句型(四)too+形容詞/副詞+to do…——太……以致不能……
例如:(1)i was too excited to say a word.我激動得一個字也說不出來。
⑸ 如何避免英語寫作中用詞單一的問題
避免英語寫作中用詞單一的方法:
1.使用代詞迴避重復
。這是最普通,也是常見的一種方法。
2.用同義詞避免重復
這里說的同義詞是一個比較寬泛的概念。它包括范疇詞、相近詞(near-synonym)和派生詞等。
then they went on with of the peak.the climb was an extremely difficult
one.
然後他們繼續向頂峰攀登,這是一次極難的攀登。
這是一個很典型的例子。如果第一次用來表達概念的詞不太常見,不太通俗易懂,那麼第二次需要重提此概念時,作者往往用一個簡單的字眼。如:第二句就用了同義詞climb來替代ascent這個較冷僻的詞,既避免了重復,又解釋了了ascent的意義。
the monkey`s extraordinary performance was learning to operate a tractor.
by the age of nine,the animal had learned to drive single-handed.
這只猴子最出色的表演是學開拖拉機。到9歲時,它已學會獨自駕駛拖拉機了。
在第二句仍要提及monkey和tractor,為了迴避重復,作者用了animal和vehicle這兩個范疇詞來替代。范疇詞雖然意義寬泛,不太確切,但是在特定的上下文中一般不會引起誤解,而且行文也顯得更加活潑了。
3.用省略手段迴避重復
省略的主要功能就是避免重復,並能突出新的信息。省略是英語的一種習慣用法,它能節省詞語,使語句結構顯得緊湊。
⑹ 英語作文寫作中經常要用到的單詞詞彙是什麼
是高考作文么?不知道你現在什麼水平?幾年級?
但是先給出一些方法或技巧吧:
首先,一定要記得分段:2-3段。這樣整體看上去會結構感比較強。
第二,卷面一定要整潔,寫錯了盡量不用修正帶,只輕輕的劃一筆。比塗成黑乎乎的一團好看多了
第三,首句和結尾要用漂亮的句子來裝飾一下。
那怎麼把句子整漂亮呢?幾個原則參考一下:
一、
長短句原則
一個短小精悍的句子,通常可以起到畫龍點睛的作用。尤其當我們把短劇放在段首或者段末的時候,它不僅可以承上啟下,還可以揭示主題,如:as
a
creature,
I
eat;
as
a
man,
I
read.
Although
one
action
is
to
meet
the
primary
need
of
my
body
and
the
other
is
to
satisfy
the
intellectual
need
of
mind,
they
are
in
a
way
quite
similar.
如此可見,長短句結合,可以給人抑揚頓挫的感覺。所以,我們建議:
在文章的第一段(開頭)用一長一短,且先長後短;在文章的主體部分,要先用一個短句解釋主要意思,然後再闡述幾個要點的時候採用先短後長的句群形式。在文章的結尾部分只需要一長一短。
二、
主題句原則。
一篇文章的開頭(有時是結尾)有一個主題句,也就有了中心,然後圍繞主體展開相關內容,這樣文章思路便會清晰。如果將主題隱藏在文章里,便會雲里霧里,不知所雲。如:To
begin
with,
you
must
work
hard
at
your
lessons
and
be
carefully
prepared
before
the
exam.(主題句)
Without
sufficient
preparation,
you
can
hardly
expect
to
answer
all
the
questions
correctly.
開頭一句便直接點題,赫然醒目。
三、
條理性強的原則
一般來說,如果文章以第一、第二、第三或者首先、其次、再次等羅列要點會讓人感覺層次分明,條理清晰,邏輯性強。我們向大家推薦以下關聯詞:
1,
to
begin
with,
then,
furthermore,
finally
2,
to
start
with,
next,
in
addition,
finally
3,
first
and
foremost,
besides,
last
but
not
least
4,
most
important
of
all,
moreover,
finally
5,
for
one
thing,
for
another
thing
6,
on
the
one
hand,
on
the
other
hand用來說明不同的理由或者原因
四、
短語優先原則
正確運用短語,能給文章增光添彩,自然會增加得分點。此外,考場上如果思維短路,想不出一個單詞,那麼用短語替代代詞不失為一個對策!例如:
I
can
not
bear
it!用短語來表達的話就是:I
can
not
put
up
with
it!
又例如:I
want
it!可以改為I
am
looking
forward
to
it.這樣不僅可以增加字數,同時也使語言表達更占優勢。
五、
多實少虛原則
寫文章盡量不要使用那些比較「大」的詞,例如形容人的時候,大家喜歡用例如nice這樣的空洞詞,取而代之的是generous,
humorous,
interesting,
smart,
gentle,
warm-hearted,
hospitable之類的具體的詞。將抽象變為具體,才能使文章更加生動。
六、
多變句式原則
很多同學懼怕寫長句,怕會弄巧成拙。其實,平時適當的訓練和掌握一些句式的技巧,可以使簡單句順其自然的成為長句。
以上是我的回答,希望對你有幫助哦~
祝學習進步:)
⑺ 請教:英語寫作中連接兩個句子有時用and等詞,有時是逗號,具體的用法誰能講一下,或這有方面的網址也行
兩個句子如果都是合法的句子,就是主謂賓都齊(祈使句和感嘆句除外)的時候專,用and/but等聯結詞屬連接,這是一點要的,否則就要用句號分開。
但其中一個不是合法句子的時候,就用逗號分開,譬如狀語短語,獨立主語從句等,注意另外一個句子一定要合法。
如果是列舉的時候,前面幾個用逗號隔開,最後兩個用and連接
譬如i like apples,pears and bananas.
⑻ 誰有一些英語寫作中我們大家第一反應詞的常用的替換詞啊
1.indivials,characters, folks替換(people ,persons)
2: positive, favorable, rosy (美好的),promising六級答案
(有希望的),perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替換good
3:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替換bad
如果bad做表語,可以有be less impressive替換六級答案
eg.An army of college students inlge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graation ,as a result, they records are less impressive.
4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替換many.
註:用many, if not most 一定要小心,many後一定要有詞。六級答案
Eg. Many indivials, if not most, harbor the idea that….同理 用most, if not all ,替換most.
5: a slice of, quiet a few , several替換some
6:harbor the idea that, take the attitude that,
hold the view that, it is widely shared that,
it is universally acknowledged that)替think
(因為是書面語,所以要加that)
7:affair ,business ,matter 替換thing六級答案
8: shared 代 common
9.reap huge fruits 替換get many benefits )
10:for my part ,from my own perspective 替換 in my opinion
11:Increasing(ly),growing 替換more and more( 注意沒有growingly這種形式。所以當修飾名詞時用increasing/growing.修飾形容詞,副詞用increasingly.
Eg.sth has gained growing popularity.
popular with the advancement of sth.
12.little if anything, 或little or nothing替換hardly六級答案
13..beneficial, rewarding替換helpful,
14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser, 替換customer
15.exceedingly,extremely, intensely 替換very
16.hardly necessary, hardly inevitable ... 替換 unnecessary, avoidable
17.sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替換sb take interest in / sb. be interested in
18.capture one's attention替換attract one's attention.
19.facet,demension,sphere代aspect
20.be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of代 indicate, suggest ,fear六級答案
21.give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替換cause.
22. There are several reasons behind sth 替換..reasons for sth
23.desire 替換want.
24.pour attention into 替換pay attention to
25.bear in mind that 替換remember
26. enjoy, possess 替換have(注意process是過程的意思)
27. interaction替換communication
28.frown on sth替換 be against , disagree with sth六級答案
29.to name only a few, as an example替換 for example, for instance
30. next to / virtually impossible,替換nearly / almost impossible