主述位與大學英語寫作

1. 語言學中的主位和述位是什麼意思

一句話中，主位就是前面的部分，述位就是後面的部分，通常主位是已知的述位是未知的

2. 怎麼寫大學英語作文的萬能結尾

1． 問題現狀2． 怎樣解決(解決方案的優缺點)

In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious. First, ------------(說明的現狀)．Second, ---------------(舉例進一步說明現狀)

Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ---------------(解決方法一). For another -------------(解決方法二). Finally, --------------(解決方法三).

Personally, I believe that -------------(我的解決方法). Consequently, I』m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because --------------(帶來的好處).

02：大學英語四級作文模板：對比選擇型作文模板

When it comes to＿＿＿＿ ,different people hold different views .

Some contend that＿＿＿＿. For one thing,＿＿＿＿ .Foranother,＿＿＿ . In spite of all these claims, others maintain that ＿＿＿＿，They point out that＿＿＿＿ .Another instance often cited is that＿＿＿＿ .

It』s no easy task to find a satisfactory answer to the issue.As for me, there』s some truth to both arguments .It』s advisable to ＿＿＿＿＿＿.

03：大學英語四級作文模板：說明利弊題型

這種題型往往要求先說明一下現狀，再對比事物本身的利弊，有時也會單從一個角度（利或弊）出發，最後往往要求考生表明自己的態度（或對事物前景提出預測）

1． 說明事物現狀

2． 事物本身的優缺點（或一方面）

3． 你對現狀（或前景）的看法

Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First ----------------(A的優點之一). Besides -------------------（A的優點之二）.

But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ----------------(A的第一個缺點)．To make matters worse,------------------(A的第二個缺點)．

Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to ---------------(我的看法)．

(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way, ---------------(對前景的預測)．)

04：大學英語四級作文模板：現象解釋型作文模板：

Recently, ＿＿＿＿What amazes us most is＿＿＿＿＿．It is true that ＿＿＿＿＿.There are many reasons explaining ＿＿＿＿＿＿．The main reason is＿＿＿＿＿ ，What is more, ＿＿＿＿＿，Thirdly, ＿＿＿＿＿．As a result, ＿＿＿＿＿．

Considering all these, ＿＿＿＿＿．For one thing, ＿＿＿＿For another, ＿＿＿＿．In conclusion, ＿＿＿＿．

05：大學英語四級作文模板：議論文的框架

(1) 不同觀點列舉型（ 選擇型 ）

There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文題目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 觀點一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___觀點一_____.

People,however,.Somepeoplehold the idea that ___觀點二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, thereis nodoubtthat ___觀點二______.

As far as I am concerned, Ifirmlysupporttheviewthat __觀點一或二______.Itis not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.

（2）利弊型的議論文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文題目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __題目議題_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___優點一______. And secondly ___優點二_____.

Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __討論議題______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺點一______. In addition, ____缺點二______.

To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __討論議題____ into full play, and rece the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____討論議題___.

( 3 ) 答題性議論文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)__作文題目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.

As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, __途徑一______. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途徑二_____.

Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文題目______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.

( 4 ) 諺語警句性議論文

It is well know to us that the proverb: " ___諺語_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____諺語的含義_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. ( also theoretically )

A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____諺語_____.

With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____諺語_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..

06：大學英語四級作文模板：問題解決型作文模板：

With the ＿＿＿＿of＿＿＿＿，So it is of great importance for us to＿＿＿＿ . On the one hand＿＿＿＿, On the other hand＿＿＿＿,

However, we have figured out many ways to ＿＿＿＿＿．Firstly, ＿＿＿＿So long as＿＿＿＿ . Secondly＿＿＿＿, Thirdly＿＿＿＿．In fact＿＿＿＿, That is because ＿＿＿＿.

In a word,＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．

07：大學英語四級作文模板：實用性寫作(申請信)

I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview. I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.

Best regards for your health and success.

Sincerely yours,

08：大學英語四級作文模板：對比觀點題型

（1） 要求論述兩個對立的觀點並給出自己的看法。

1． 有一些人認為怎麼樣

2． 另一些人認為怎麼樣

3． 個人看法

The topic of ①-----------------（主題）is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------（支持A的理由一）What is more, ③-------------理由二). Moreover, ④---------------(理由三).

While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),⑥------------------（理由二）. Thirdly (finally),⑦------------------(理由三).

From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------（我的觀點）. The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice . [NextPage]

（2） 給出一個觀點，要求考生反對這一觀點

Some people believe that ①----------------（觀點一）. For example, they think ②-----------------（舉例說明）．And it will bring them ③-----------------(為他們帶來的好處).

In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,④-------------(我不同意該看法的理由一). For another thing, ⑤-----------------(反對的理由之二)．

Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥------------------(我對文章所討論主題的看法)．

09：大學英語四級作文模板：現象說明文

Recently _______,what amazes us most is______________,it is ture that__________.

There are many reasons explaining__________________________.The main reason is____________________.

What is more_________________________.thirdly__________________________.As a result_______________.

Considering all there,________________________.For one thing_____________________,for another________

In Conclusion____________________.

一種事物或現象（負面意義傾向）

10：大學英語四級作文模板：闡述主題題型

要求從一句話或一個主題出發，按照提綱的要求進行論述。

1． 闡述名言或主題所蘊涵的意義。

2． 分析並舉例使其更充實。

The good old proverb ----------------（名言或諺語）reminds us that ----------------(釋義). Indeed, we can learn many things form it.

First of all,-----------------(理由一). For example, -------------------(舉例說明). Secondly,----------------(理由二). Another case is that ---------------(舉例說明). Furthermore , ------------------(理由三)．

In my opinion, ----------------(我的觀點). In short, whatever you do, please remember the say------A. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you」ll necessarily benefit a lot from it. From Joozone.com.

3. 什麼是語言學中的主位和述位

在一個句子中，主位是前面的部分，述位是後面的部分，通常主位是已知的，述位是未知的。

詞彙學研究詞彙項、詞義及其演變，詞源學追溯詞語的起源和歷史，詞典編纂收集和分類，比較和注釋許多詞彙項目。

有相當一部分人選擇語言學專業作為進入高校以後的學習方向，而當前被社會所公認的事實是，90%以上的人認為師范類院校的語言學專業更具有發展潛力。

據北安高考網的調查顯示，在2004年，教師職業已成為最受歡迎的職業之一：

一是工作的穩定性和自主性。

二是這些年教師的待遇節節拔高，出現喜人改觀。2005年，師范類學生的需求量還是很大。

(3)主述位與大學英語寫作擴展閱讀：

作用：

語言是人類特有的溝通方式，在生物或心理層面上反映人類高度演化的心智能力，在社會文化層面上反映人類文明進步。語言學就是要研究人類最核心本能的語言能力，透過對口語、書面語甚至手語進行分析和研究，進而了解人類的本質。

除了認識人類語言本質外，語言學研究還具有多種應用價值。在語言教育方面，藉由對於語言本身的了解，編成各種詞典、文法書、教科書供人學習語言。

也有助於改善應對語言學習過程中遭遇到的困難與錯誤的能力。在不同語言翻譯方面，語言學理論對於筆譯和口譯有更多具體的指導，也有助於利用科技來進行機器翻譯。

4. 英語作文，關於在大學學習和運動誰更重要的論述作文

COLLEGE STUDENTS SHOULD ATTEND PHYSICAL EXERCISE
Physical exercise is a necessary part of college life. However, still some college students do not like to attend sports activities, they think those activities waste their time and influence their study. Indeed, it is very unwise for college students to keep distance from physical exercise because physical exercise is not harmful but good to them.
College students can benefit a lot from physical exercise. First of all, attending physical sports can help students build a strong body, and keep abounding energy. Moreover, physical exercise is an effective way to relief pressure and keep a pleasant move. Besides, by attending physical activities, students can have chances to contact and communicate with others which can help them improve their social skills. Nowadays, all colleges and universities have provided many sports facilities for students to do physical exercises, students can chose freely according to their interests and needs.
As for me, I am keen on all kinds of ball games, especially football and basketball. From these games, I have gained a lot, and enjoined great pleasure. To conclude, physical exercise is beneficial to every college students, and therefore do not hesitate to attend sports activities.
中文譯文：
體育鍛煉是大學生活必不可少的一部分。但是，仍有一些大學生不喜歡參加體育活動，他們認為這些活動浪費他們的時間和影響他們的學習。事實上，大學生和運動保持距離，這是非常不明智的，因為體育鍛煉是不會對人體有害，反而有利。
學院的學生可以從體育鍛煉受益很多。首先，參加體育運動可以幫助學生建立一個強壯的身體，遠離疾病。此外，體育鍛煉是一種有效的方法來緩解壓力，保持愉快的動議。此外，通過參加體育活動，學生可以有機會接觸和與他人溝通，可以幫助他們改善他們的社交技巧。目前，各高校已為學生提供來鍛煉許多體育設施，學生可以自由選擇按照自己的興趣和需要。
至於我，我熱衷於球類運動，尤其是足球和籃球等。這些游戲，我又學會很多，並責成一大樂事。總的來說，體育鍛煉，有利於各高校學生，因此參加體育活動，不要猶豫。

5. 大學英語作文模板帶翻譯的

★★★闡述主題題型

要求從一句話或一個主題出發，按照提綱的要求進行論述．
1． 闡述名言或主題所蘊涵的意義．
2． 分析並舉例使其更充實．

The good old proverb ----------------（名言或諺語）reminds us that ----------------(釋義). （……這則古老的諺語提醒我們……）Indeed, we can learn many things fromm it.（事實上，我們能從中學到很多東西）
First of all,-----------------(理由一).（首先……） For example, -------------------(舉例說明).（例如……） Secondly,----------------(理由二). （第二……）Another case is that ---------------(舉例說明).（另一個實例是……） Furthermore , ------------------(理由三)．（此外……）
In my opinion, ----------------(我的觀點).（在我看來……） In short, whatever you do, please remember the saying------A.（總之，無論你做什麼，請記住這句名言……） If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you』ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.（如果你能領悟它並把它應用到你的學習或工作中，你將必定受益匪淺）

★★★解決方法題型

要求考生列舉出解決問題的多種途徑
1． 問題現狀
2． 怎樣解決(解決方案的優缺點)
In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious. （在最近的日子裡，我們必須面對……的問題，它越來越嚴重）First, ------------(說明A的現狀)．（首先……）Second, ----------(舉例進一步說明現狀)（第二……）
Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.（面對它，我們應該採取一系列的有效的措施來處理這種情況） For one thing, ---------------(解決方法一). （一方面……）For another -------------(解決方法二).（另一方面……） Finally, --------------(解決方法三).（最後……）
Personally, I believe that -------------(我的解決方法). （就我而言， 我認為……）Consequently, I』m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because --------------(帶來的好處).（我相信一個光明的未來在等著我們因為……）
★★★說明利弊題型

這種題型往往要求先說明一下現狀，再對比事物本身的利弊，有時也會單從一個角度（利或弊）出發，最後往往要求考生表明自己的態度（或對事物前景提出預測）
1． 說明事物現狀
2． 事物本身的優缺點（或一方面）
3． 你對現狀（或前景）的看法

Nowadays many people prefer A because it plays a significant role in our daily life.（當今，有許多人更喜歡A因為它在我們的日常生活中扮演著重大的角色） Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows.（一般來說，它的優點如下） First ----------------(A的優點之一). （首先……）Besides -------------------（A的優點之二）.（另外……）
But every coin has two sides. （但是任何事物都有兩面性）The negative aspects are also apparent. （消極的方面也很明顯）One of the important disadvantages is that ----------------(A的第一個缺點)．（它最大的缺點之一是……）To make matters worse,------------------(A的第二個缺點)．（更糟糕的是……）
Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones.（通過上述的分析，我認為積極的方面的價值超過了消極的方面） Therefore, I would like to ---------------(我的看法)．（因此，我想……）
(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. （從A消極積極的影響的對比，我們應該合理的採納它，根據我們所處的情況來做）Only in this way---------------(對前景的預測)．（半倒裝句 助動詞或情態動詞提前 謂語動詞還原）（只有通過這種方式……）

★★★議論文的框架

(1) 不同觀點列舉型（ 選擇型 ）
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文題目.（……是一個普遍關注的問題）But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.（但眾所周知關於這個熱門話題觀點因人而異） A majority of people think that _ 觀點一________. （大多數人認為……）In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows（在他們看來，有如下兩個因素形成了他們這種態度）: in the first place, ___原因一_______.（首先……）Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.（除此之外，其次……） So it goes without saying that ___觀點一_____. （所以……是毫無疑問的）
People,however,.（然而在這件事有人有不同意見）Somepeople hold the idea that_觀二_____.（有人持……的觀點） In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______.（在他們看來，一方面……） On the other hand, ____原因二_____. （另一方面……）Therefore, thereis nodoubtthat ___觀點二______.（因此，……是毫無疑問的）
As far as I am concerned, Ifirmlysupporttheviewthat __觀點一或二_.（就我而言，我堅定地支持……的觀點）It is not only because ________, but also because _________.（不僅是因為……並且因為……） The more _______, the more ________. （……越……，……越……）
（2）利弊型的議論文
Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文題目______. （當今，……是一個普遍的熱門話題）In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __題目議題_____. （事實上，這個……有優點也有缺點）Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.（一般來說，人們普遍認為有一下幾個積極的方面） Firstly, ___優點一______. （首先……） And secondly ___優點二_____. （其次……）
Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides",討論議題is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.（就像那句諺語所說任何事物都有利有弊） To begin with,缺 點 一 . （首先……）
In addition, 缺 點 二 . （另外……）
To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of 討論議題into full play, and rece the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.（總之，我們應該把……的優點發揮到極致，同時把缺點降低到最小） In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____討論議題___.（那樣的話，我們一定會更好地利用……）

( 3 ) 答題性議論文
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)作文題目_______ .（目前……是普遍關注的問題)It is really an important concern to every one of us. （這對於我們每一個人確實是重要的關注）As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.（因此，我們必須不遺餘力的採取措施解決這個問題）
As we know ，there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. （眾所周知，有許多方法可以被用來解決這個問題）First of all, __途徑一______. （首先……）In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途徑二_____.（另外，另一種能促使成功解決問題的方法是……）
Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文題目______, we should find a number of various ways.（最重要的是，為解決……問題，我們應該找到很多方法） But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.（就我而言，我更喜歡以……的方法來解決這個問題）

( 4 ) 諺語警句性議論文
It is well-known to us that the proverb: " ___諺語 has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. （眾所周知，……這句諺語具有深刻的意義和價值不僅在我們的工作上也在我們的學習上）It means ____諺語的含義______. （它代表……）The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. ( also theoretically )（這句名言可以通過以下一系列的例子闡明）（在理論上）
A case in point is ___例子一______.（一個例子是……） Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____諺語_____.（因此毫無疑問的它是非常重要證明了……諺語）
With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____諺語_____.（隨著中國科學技術的高速發展，越來越多的意識到在實際應用中要堅持這挑名言……） The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..
（我們越是意識這條諺語的重要，我們會在日常學習工作中收益更多）
★★★圖表作文的框架

as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage inthetable(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文題目的議題_____ has been on rise/ gone up/increased/dropped/decreased),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____.（正如圖表/曲線圖/圖片/餅狀圖/圖表中的數字/百分數所示,……有所上升/增加/減少，明顯的/穩步上升/減少從……的……到……的……） From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.（從圖標的急劇/顯著 下降/上升，……是毫無疑問的）
Thereareatleasttwogoodreasons accounting for ______.（至少有兩個好的理由可以說明……） Ontheonehand, ________. （一方面……）Ontheotherhand,_______ isetothefactthat ________.（另一方面……因為……的事實）Inaddition, ________ isresponsiblefor _______.（另外，……對……負責） ________.（可能有其他一些理由可以顯示……） convincing. （但是人們普遍認為上述的理由通常使人信服）
AsfarasIamconcerned,I hold the point of view that _______. （就我而言，我持這樣的觀點……）-grounded.（我確定我的觀點合理並且有根據）

6. 英語中主位與述位對翻譯和寫作有什麼影響

主位和述位系統是功能語法中語篇功能的重要組成部分。
主位是信息的起點,是小句的開始點；述位是除主位以外的剩餘部分,即圍繞主位加以敘述發展的部分。

7. 請高手 舉例說明什麼是主位（theme）什麼是 述位（rheme）以英語句子為例~~~~~~~

系統功能語法把句子劃分成主位、述位兩部分，主位是話語的出發點，述回位是圍繞主答位所說的話。例如:The man said somthing to me."The man "就是主位，said somthing to me是述位。這是比較簡單的情況。主位又分為單項主位和復項主位，而且主位不一定是和主語重合的（上例是重合）。如：Slowly and quietly he pushed the door open ,主位是Slowly and quietly，主語是he，二者就不重合。

8. 大學英語寫作怎樣寫才算好作文

好作文一般15分可以拿到11分以上，其實作文要高分不難，但是很多人拿不到，主要專原因我覺得有以下幾點：
最基本的屬語法總是用錯，比如片語裡面的介詞忘了，介詞後面動詞應該有ing。
時態問題，過去發生的不用過去式，卻用了現在進行時之類的。
闡述觀點不清晰（這個扣分還好），寫作文最好先打個提綱，再擴充。對於一個觀點支持的理由分為幾點，first of all,secondly,thirdly……
另外拿分的就是單詞和片語的使用，如果用的都是最最基本的，不影響你的分數，但是沒有亮點。用一些稍微高端點的東西，比如表達個人觀點的時候:from the perspective of my own,as far as I'mconcerned而不是單調的i think,my opinion is that……
做到這幾點你的分數想低都困難~