A. 2018年華南師范大學考博英語作文題目或內容是什麼
2018年西南大學博士入學英語考試已經於3月10日上午結束。根據參加考試的考生的回憶內，本年度西南大學考博英容語作文為二篇作文，大小作文均為圖表作文。
其作文題目為：關於教育的公平性的討論。
作文字數要求為：300字左右。
由於所有內容由考生提供，因此與正式的考題有所出入，但基本相差不大。現由華慧考博為各位考生整理公布，以供將來的博士生考生們復習參考！
B. 考博英語作文有什麼寫作技巧
考博英語的作文基本上都是論述性的話題 ，給出一個觀點讓考生發表評論，一回般都是3段或者答5點式。第一段：提出觀點，接下來，分若干段從各個方面進行闡述；最後一段重述觀點。這種吃提方式很適合通過模板的方法加以掌握，通過閱讀大量範文，從中提煉出適合自己的風格，包括的模板開頭。問題的提出。觀點闡述的起。轉、承等語句；模板總結出來，考試時只要只要結合具體的事類加以填充即可，博宸考博英語輔導為你提供更多的考博英語復習方法。
C. 2018年考博英語作文該如何寫
挺準的，去年就壓中的了好幾篇作文話題
D. 西安交通大學2018年博士招生考試英語作文考的什麼
2018年西安交通大學博復士入學英制語考試已經於3月中下旬結束。根據參加考試的考生的回憶，本年度西安交通大學考博英語作文為二篇作文，大小作文均為圖表作文。
其作文題目為：支持傳統藝術，政府為什麼要支持，怎麼支持?
作文字數要求為：300字左右。
由於所有內容由考生提供，因此與正式的考題有所出入，但基本相差不大。現由華慧考博為各位考生整理公布，以供將來的博士生考生們復習參考！
E. 2018年上海交通大學考博英語作文題目是什麼
2018年上海交通大學博士入學英語考試已經於3月10日上午結束。根據參加考試的考生的回回憶，本年度答上海交通大學考博英語作文為一篇大作文。
其大作文題目為：大學是硬體重要還是有名學者重要？
作文涉及內容為：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Universities should spend more money in improving facilities (e.g. libraries and computer labs) than hiring famous teachers.
作文字數要求為：300字左右。
由於所有內容由考生提供，因此與正式的考題有所出入，但基本相差不大。現由華慧考博為各位考生整理公布，以供將來的博士生考生們復習參考！
F. 西南大學2018年博士招生考試英語作文考了什麼
2018年西南大學博士入抄學英語考試已經於3月10日上午結束。根據參加考試的考生的回憶，本年度西南大學考博英語作文為二篇作文，大小作文均為圖表作文。
其作文題目為：關於教育的公平性的討論。
作文字數要求為：300字左右。
由於所有內容由考生提供，因此與正式的考題有所出入，但基本相差不大。現由華慧考博為各位考生整理公布，以供將來的博士生考生們復習參考！
G. 在職博士考試英語寫作應該怎麼寫
不管你是考本、考研還是考博，你都需要過英語這一關。對於離開院校多年的在職博士報考者來講，英語作文是一個難點。很多碩士研究生畢業以後就沒有從事英語方面的工作，因此也沒有接觸英語，從新將英語拾起來也確實有一定的難度，因此考生在平時的生活中更要多看、多寫、多讀，這樣才能更快的提高自己的英語水平。下面便是在職研究生網給考生總結的考博英語作文範文，希望給考生帶來一定的幫助。
一、Criticism on Television
A lot of people believe that television has a harmful effect on chldren. A few years ago, the same criticisms were made of the cinema. But although child psychoilogists have spent a great deal of time studying his problem, there is not much evidence that television brings about teenager』s crimes.
For people in the modern worlds share the views of parents a hundred years ago. In those days, writers for children carefully avoided any reference to sex in their books, but had not inhibitions about including scenes of violence.
The evidence collected suggests, however, that neither the subject, nor the action in itself frightens children. The context in which cruely or violence occurs is much more important.
A good guide to what is psychologically healthy for a small child is therefore provided by a television series in which a boy and a girl are supposed to be exploring distant planets with their parents. In each story, they encounter strange monsters and find themselves in dangerous situations but the parents are reassuring and sensible, as a child』s paprents should be in real life. There is an alt character who is a coward and liar, but both the children are brave and , of course, every story ends happily.
In my view, children should be exposed to the problems of real life as soon as possible, but they cannont help seeing these through news programs. When they are being entertained, the healthiest atmosphere is one which the hero and heroine are children like themselves who behave naturally and confidently in any situation.
二、Human Ecation
The other day, a professor from Peking University gave a lecture 「Chinese Intellectuals and Written Cultural Text」. In his lecture, he held that Chinese intellectuals have lost the written cultural text since the May 4th movement. His opinion set us thinking that the loss of traditional humane ecation resulted in a crisis of cultural ecation.
With the rapid development of economy, the living standard of the Chinese people has improved a lot in terms of material wealth. In a period when economics take priority, people pay more aned more attention to profit. At present, moneymaking and pleasure seeking are becoming a popular fashion. On the other hand, there appears a barren field of spirit in today』s society. It has become unexpectedly hard to rebuild the paradise of traditional culture.Ideological confusion, moral decline and a chaotic cultural market, all this shows that it is the high time to have something done in order to tackle the problem of cultural orientation. Our times call for an ideal humane ecation.
It is unwise to discard traditional Chinese culture as a whole. Some of the elements of this culture can be made use of in the reconstruction of our spiritual civilizaiton directly or wit5h some adaptation. Our attitude towards tradition should be 「discarding the dross and selecting the essence」. The humane ecation of the past can serve as a supplement to our Marxist ecation. It should start from primary school. In this way, our children will get ecated so as to be possessed of a perfect personality. The national morale will be deeply rooted in people』s mind, and will help push forward the growth of economy.
To sum up, we can find it badly necessary to build up an ideal humane ecation. We should find an efficient way to develop our humane ecation and dig out5 more resources form traditional Chinese culture.
三、Public Transportation
As part of domestic modernization, public transportation needs to be developed urgently in China. I can illustrate some examples.
There does not only exist serious traffic jams but also crowded buses, underground and railways. Commuters find it hard to get to work on time e to overcrowded buses or tubes. Travelers could hardly get on buses in big cities ring weedends owing to fewer buses and more people. When Spring Festival is drawing near, there is much greater –ressure on public transportation since it has to deal with a large number of travelers rushing home. And travelers need special arrangements to go home. In a word, public transportation has become bottleneck to the advanc of Chinese economy.
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the departments concerned should carry out the following steps: to build more roads, highways or railways and to add buses or trains to the original lines. But ther funds have to be raised both from the government and the public.
There are three sources for fund raising. One is to raise the fares for all kinds of all transportation vehicles. Another is to increase the prices for various vehicles on sale. The third is to raise the prices of petrol and diesel oil in addtion to the governmental funds. If all this money to raise the prices of petrol and diesel oiil in addtion to the governmental funds. If all this money collected is used to improve transportation services, the situation will be bettered and favorable.
The third step to take is to introce new technology in order to raise the efficiency of vehicles. For instance, the speed of trains can be increased as much as two times so that two times as many people can be held. In this way, the pressure on public transportation can be dramatically alleviated. So in a word, we need to introce new technology to raise the speed of vehicles while having built even wider roads and added more efficient trains and huses.
四、he Rise of Intellectual Property Protection
Intellectural property scarcely existed in the vocabularies of academic researchers and administrators even 15 years ago. Now it is an ever-present part of discussions on research policies and directions. This new importance of intellectual property in academia reflects a changing view on ther relationships of research at universities to the surrounding society. Until recently, research at universities has been relatively isolated from demands of economic utility,and ecation of graate students has emphasized a career in academic research as the final goal.
Now almost all research universities in the United States have technology licensing operations. The number of U.S. patents granted to American universities in a year rose from about 300 in 1980 to almost 2000 in 1995. The direct economic impact of technology licensing on the universities themselves has been relatively small. In contrast, the impact of university technology transfer on the local and national economies has been substantial, and leads to the concusion that the Licensing Act () is one of the most successful pieces of economic development in recent history. It has been estimated that more than 200000 jobs have been created in the United States in proct development and manufacturing of procts from university licenses, with the number increasing fairly rapidly as the licenses mature.
Intellectual property terms have become vitally important. The company wants to be assured that it can use the results of the research-and that these results will not be available to their competitors. But most universities insist that transfer of research results is key to their identity and mission and will not agree to keep the project results secret. The key to resolving this dilemman is to grant patents: the university will publish the results, but will first agree to file patents that will protect the company』s privilege in the commercial market place.
其實不管我們做什麼事情都會遇到一些困難，如果你以良好的心態去應對這些難題，這些難題對你來講也已經不是什麼難題。因此在職考博人員更要樂觀面對考試，積極備考，順利通過考試。
H. 考博英語考試寫作部分的Summarize題型出自什麼考試，有什麼書籍可以參考
如何寫英語摘要summary
下文是對《英語寫作手冊》相關章節的翻譯
摘要是對一篇文章的主題思想的簡單陳述。它用最簡潔的語言概括了原文的主題。寫摘要主要包括三個步驟：（1）閱讀；（2）寫作；（3）修改成文。
第一步：閱讀
A．認真閱讀給定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多讀兩遍。閱讀次數越多，你對原文的理解就越深刻。
B．給摘要起一個標題。用那些能概括文章主題思想的單詞、短語或短句子作為標題。也可以採用文中的主題句作為標題。主題句往往出現在文章的開頭或結尾。一個好標題有助於確定文章的中心思想。
C．現在，就該決定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。對重要部分的主要觀點進行概括。
D．簡要地記下主要觀點——主題、標題、細節等你認為對概括摘要重要的東西。
第二步：動手寫作
A. 摘要應該只有原文的三分之一或四分之一長。因此首先數一下原文的字數，然後除以三，得到一個數字。摘要的字數可以少於這個數字，但是千萬不能超過這個數字。
B. 摘要應全部用自己的話完成。不要引用原文的句子。
C. 應該遵循原文的邏輯順序。這樣你就不必重新組織觀點、事實。
D. 摘要必須全面、清晰地表明原文所載的信息，以便你的讀者不需翻閱原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。
E. 寫摘要時可以採用下列幾種小技巧：
1) 刪除細節。只保留主要觀點。
2) 選擇一至兩個例子。原文中可能包括5個或更多的例子，你只需從中篩選一至二個例子。
3) 把長段的描述變成短小、簡單的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十個句子，那麼你只要把它們變成一兩句即可。
4) 避免重復。在原文中，為了強調某個主題，可能會重復論證說明。但是這在摘要中是不能使用的。應該刪除那些突出強調的重述句。
5) 壓縮長的句子。如下列兩例：
「His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.」
可以概括為：」He was very brave in battle.」
「He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.」
可以概括為：「He was in financial difficulties.」
6) 你還可以使用片語代替整句或者從句。請看下面的例子：
「Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.」
可以概括為：」Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.」
7) 使用概括性的名詞代替具體的詞，比如：
「She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them ring the winter vocation.」
可以概括為：」She brought home a lot of books to read ring the vocation.」
8） 使用最短的連接詞。比如，可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though，不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等較長的連接詞。通常，使用分號就能夠達成使用連接詞的效果。
9) 文章中的第一人稱說的話通常在摘要中轉換成第三人稱，從而把大段的對白簡化，比如：
Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly: You use much too much salt on your food, Paul — it』s not good for you!」 Paul put down his knife and frowned:」Why on earth not! If you didn』t have salt on your food it would taste awful… like eating cardboard or sand… just imagine bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta cooked without salt!」 Kate was patient. She didn』t want to quarrel with Paul. She wanted to persuade him. She said firmly:」But too much salt is bad for you. It cause high blood pressure and latter on, heart-attacks. It also disguises the taste of food, the real tastes which are much more subtle than salt, and which we have lost the sensitivity to appreciate any more.」
可以用第三人稱概括為：
Kate suggested to Paul that he should eat less salt. She thought that eating too much salt would do hard to Paul』s health and that it could rece the real tastes of food. But Paul disagreed. He said that food without salt would be tasteless.
第三步：修改成文
草稿擬好以後，對它進行修改。首先，與原文比較看是否把所有重要的觀點都概括了，摘要中的觀點是否與原文中的完全一致。其次，如果摘要中出現了不必要的詞彙、短語或長句子，刪除它們。第三，檢查拼寫、語法和標點符號的錯誤。最後，保持語言簡單明了。
經過上述步驟和方法，一篇摘要就可以完成了。
批註：網路上有關摘要寫作的資源不勝枚舉，但是不一定都切合大家的需求，我這里提供一些比較好的摘要寫作鏈接，希望對大家的練習有所幫助。我也歡迎大家把寫好的summary和原文一起發到這里來(作為評論提交到這里來)，我會幫助大家考究細節問題。
雅思技巧:Summary解題指導
20天口語寫作由5.5到7分經驗分享 雅思口語1月提高1分 不過退款
填空題之Summary一直以來都是幾家歡喜幾家愁的題型，不像是非無和段落標題匹配題相對簡單，選擇題和其它匹配題相對棘手費時，而Summary有些考生很擅長，另一部分卻見到它就範愁，最主要的問題是它們都覺得這種題不好定位。我們不妨先了解一下Summary題的相關知識及解題步驟和技巧，也許你會豁然開朗的。
首先，Summary 的題型特點：通常有序及大量的同義轉換。有序的特點意味著考生在解題的時候，只要先突破其中的任何一題（通常是考生已經熟知內容的題或有特殊印刷體的題，否則最好從第一題突破。）即可，不必把它當做一個整體，否則就會有「狗咬刺蝟無從下口」的感覺。同義轉換在填空題中出現的頻率最高，而且非常密集，形式各異。所以考生在答題的時候一定要時刻留意同義轉換，否則就會出現對重要信息沒感覺的狀況，就會定位不到。例如，劍4「Lost for Words」後面的填空第1題：This great variety of languages came about largely as a result of geographical isolation .考生如果注意同義轉換，就不會對第3段首句中的linguistic diversity 沒反應。
其次，Summary 的解題步驟：1. 讀題，留意要求；2.整體瀏覽所有問題（做到對要回答的問題心中有數，而且，有些問題可能之前已經碰到過。）,決定突破口；3. 「吃透」要解的第1題的題干，確定關鍵詞；4.帶上同義轉換，去原文定位關鍵詞；5.分析定位句，結合空前後的信息產出答案。對剩下的題按順序以同樣的步驟解題就行了。在解題步驟中，一定要注意一步一個腳印，一次抓住要領，切勿反復磨蹭。
最後，答題注意事項：1.讀題：1）關注是否給出定位；2） 注意答題方式及字數限制。2. 解題：1）時刻留意同義轉換；2）高度重視空前後的信息，包括a,an,the 及不惹眼的介詞，短語等等；有些考生沒多大詞彙量，但他們能藉助這些信息解出部分題。3）適當參考語法，包括詞性，單復數。有這樣一道題：Fewer __________ are emitted. 原文是：One possibility relates to the ATP making machinery』s emission of free radicals..根據同義轉換，我們容易判斷這個句子是我們要的句子，但是如果不注意語法，很可能會填ATP making machinery，而答案是free radicals。
總之，對付summary題，最最關鍵的就是：一定要「吃透」題干，確定關鍵詞，而不是胡亂的圈幾個詞就去原文定位，其次，一定要確保定位句的大意和問題句的大意是一致的，這是答對題的前提；最後一定要注意同義轉換，否則會定位不到或產出錯誤答案。
英文寫作的根本-summary
寫好summary,是英文寫作的基礎和根本。我之前說的brainstorming, outlining都只是方法。你如果去國外上語言班，寫作的第二、三堂課就會是summary（概述）。寫academic paper（學術論文）的時候，summary也是關鍵。
寫summary之前，首要做的就是閱讀。 讀文章的時候，要養成良好的閱讀習慣，劃劃寫寫，英文閱讀的時候，推薦用highlighter（熒光筆）突出重點。 讀熟後，把文章過一遍，把文章中的細節，舉例，描述等略過。 寫出文章的thesis, 一句話概括文章的主旨，我覺得相當於小學時語文老師強調的中心思想。看看，小學語文還是有用滴。 寫概述的時候，注意要把作者的名字放在第一句。接著寫出你要闡述的main ideas(主要觀點）和supporting points(對主要觀點的支持）。注意概述的coherence(連貫性），運用好transition words(過度詞）, like however, furthermore, nonetheless, besides, therefore etc. 概述寫好後，問自己幾個問題？你是否把自己的觀點強行添加給作者？你的概述長度超過原文章的1/4么？（概述就是簡要敘述，沒必要象老太婆的裹腳布），你是否大面積的照搬原作者的用詞，用句？（不是作者用的詞就是好的，英文中能表述同一意思的詞語多了去了） 最後檢查一遍，確保文中沒有語病，沒有語法錯誤和拼寫錯誤。
主題： 怎樣寫summary
摘要（summary）是一種對原始文獻（或文章）的基本內容進行濃縮的語義連貫的短文。它以迅速掌握原文內容梗概為目的，不加主觀評論和解釋，但必須簡明、確切地表述原文的重要內容。
摘要寫作（summary writing）是一種控制性的作文形式，它能使學生通過閱讀原文，吸收原文的文章結構與語言方面的長處，寫出內容一致、結構近似、語言簡潔的短文。另外，對培養學生善於抓住文章重點的能力也有很大幫助，有利於他們在實際寫作中避免面面俱到，事無巨細，一一羅列的不良傾向。這種寫作既要准確理解原文，又要能綜合概括；既能培養欣賞能力，又能訓練書面表達能力。因此，用英文寫摘要，對學習英語寫作的學生來說，不失為一種切合實際的方法。下面談談如何寫好英文摘要。
1）細讀原文。首先要仔細閱讀全篇作品，然後對作品進行整體分析，掌握原文總的意思和結構，明確全文的主題（the maintheme）和各段的段落大意（the main idea）。
2）弄清要求。搞清楚是寫全文概要，還是寫某一部分的概要，或者就某些問題寫出要點。
3）列出原文要點。分析原文的內容和結構，將內容分項扼要表述並注意在結構上的順序。在此基礎上選出與文章主題密切相關的部分。
4）草擬寫作提綱並寫出初稿。將挑選出的要點作為框架草擬詳細的提綱，以所列的提綱為依據寫出摘要的初稿。在寫作時要特別注意下面幾點：
（1）摘要應包括原文中的主要事實（main facts）；略去不必要的細節（unnecessary details）。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例。摘要應同原文保持協調，即用較多的文字寫重要內容，用較少的文字寫次要內容。
（3）注意段落的連貫和句子的銜接。要用適當的轉折詞語貫通全文，切忌只簡單地寫出一些互不相乾的句子。
（4）盡可能用自己的話來寫，但不排斥用原文的某些詞句。
（5）計算詞數，看是否符合規定的詞數要求。