① 「寫作套路」 用英語最地道的表達方法是什麼
答案有些長,引用了很多東西,因為你要求學術上的准確,所以必須有基本的嚴謹。一些概念合適的說法不止一個,我都列出來了,你可以根據語境選擇。通常有些用於專業或書面語,有些則通用語書面語口語。文字上的區別是能體會不能言傳的。
為了探究寫作套路的內涵,先看看其他幾個詞:
一、文章的線索這個詞,有多種說法
1,thread。大英網路全書裡面(引用了韋氏詞典),thread的釋義中有一條:
Thread: something continuous or drawn out: as a : a line of reasoning or train of thought that connects the parts in a sequence (as of ideas or events) <lost the thread of the story> b : a continuing element <a thread of melancholy marked all his writing>
所給的兩個例句,都是文章寫作方面的。
其實這個詞單獨就有文章主線的意思。但後面還有更好的翻譯。
2,一個小說、戲劇、影視甚至是游戲的劇情,plot非常常用。主線:main plot,支線,subplot,這兩個詞在維-基網路上都是有詞條的。
Plot (narrative)
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A literary term, a plot is all the events in a story particularly rendered toward the achievement of some particular artistic or emotional effect or general theme. An intricate, complicated plot is known as an imbroglio, but even the simplest statements of plot can have multiple inferences, such as with songs the ballad tradition.[citation needed]
1 Plot structure :1.1 Exposition 1.2 Rising Action 1.3 Climax 1.4 Falling action 1.5 Resolution
舉個例子:維-基網路知道問答上有個問題如下
What is a main plot?
In: Literary Terms, Plot and Setting [Edit categories] [Improve]
A:the plot of a story is basically what happens and the main problem. A little like a summary. ex: The main plot for the harry potter series is:
an magical orphan named harry potter is treated badly by his cousins. He receives a letter saying that he is admitted to Hogwarts and is eager to get away from his cousins. He discovers that Lord Voldomort killed his parents and seeks revenge.
3,另外,在很多情況下,通常是非正式的情況下,常用main storyline(或main strory line)表示故事主線。
維-基網路Storyline詞條:
Storyline may refer to:
The plot or subplot of a story;
The narrative of a work, whether of fictional or nonfictional basis;
The narrative threads experienced by different but specific characters or sets of characters that together form a plot element or subplot in the work of fiction. In this sense, each narrative thread is the narrative portion of a work that pertains to the world view of the participating characters cognizant of their piece of the whole,and they may be the villains, the protagonists, a supporting character, or a relatively disinterested official utilized by the author, each thread of which is woven together by the writer to create a work.
同上,維-基網路知道問答上有個問題如下
Main storyline of hamlet?
In: William Shakespeare, Hamlet [Edit categories]
[Improve]
A:Hamlet's father is dead. His uncle (Claudius) marries his mother. Hamlet sees his father's ghost and the ghost tells him that Claudius murdered him. Hamlet seeks revenge and kills Claudius. Hamlet also dies. There are many others plots in Hamlet but that is the main one.
二、那麼,明線的主要說法:Obvious Plot,或者 open plot
例子,雅虎問答上有個問題 What is a open plot??????
Best Answer - Chosen by Voters
Open plot is one of those things where the author never gives a definite ending, and is very vague about what happens. You can use your imagination for what happens to the characters. Take The Razor's Edge for example.
類似的,暗線既可用 hidden plot,也可secret storyline,視語言環境而定。舉個簡單的例子:Edward Bond 有一本通過戲劇來隱喻和展現人類歷史的書,就叫做The Hidden Plot ,《隱線》。
以上還有很多例子,你也可搜一下,我就不貼了,這個回答太長了。如果需要我也可以發送給你。
三、回到寫作套路上來,翻譯這個詞,我想必須釐清什麼是套路。應該是作者組織文章邏輯線索以及各種元素的程序和模式,是作者的謀篇布局,或者對劇情角色的計劃,是一種對行文節奏的把握,是一種宏觀的縱向的梳理,
所以,根據前面的解釋,plot structure,或者 plot pattern,即謀篇布局的結構、路數,才是最符合寫作套路的說法。
舉個例子,在Karen Charmaine Blansfield介紹歐•亨利的Cheap rooms and restless hearts: a study of formula in the urban tales of William Sydney Porter (即歐•亨利)一書中,在研究亨利小說的劇情路數時,這樣說:A plot pattern An essential element of formulaic art of fiction.
「plot pattern是小說創作中各種基本元素構成的套路性藝術。」
我想,非常一目瞭然了。
四、同時,列舉其他一些接近的翻譯,我們可以在比較中鑒別。
1,writing routine 常常用來表示作家的寫作習慣,比如何時何地寫作等。
由於附加鏈接答案可能會被審核,我把與此相關的文章發給你吧。
2,writing patterns也是一種常見的說法,但它的意思並非寫作套路,而是具體文法的表現手段,是語法和用詞上的含義。比方說,一個修辭或者一個習語,就是寫作的pattern,它更強調橫向上的細節的東西。
再如,一本英語寫作教程中有這么一段:
Basic Sentence Patterns and Types:
Subject + Verb
Subject + Linking Verb + Subject Complement
Subject + Verb + Direct Object
Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object
Subject + Verb + Direct Object + Object Complement
Passive Voice Pattern
Simple Sentences
Compound Sentences
Complex Sentences
Compound-Complex Sentences
意思很明白,你是用主謂句,還是用被動句,這就是writing pattern需要考慮的。
在這個意義上,還有個詞與它是同義的,即writing style,寫作風格。這個詞更常用。
維-基網路上是這么解釋的:An English writing style is a way of using the English language.The style of a piece of writing is the way in which features of the language are used to convey meaning, typically but not always within the constraints of more widely accepted conventions of grammar and spelling.
值得注意的是,學術論文的行文規范,英文是academic styles.網上可以搜到很多關於英文寫作的教程,其中不乏專門講授patterns的。
3,而stereotype,很少用來表示寫作套路,倒是有stereotyped writing的說法,表示一種死板的程序性的寫作,略有貶義。毛的<反對-黨-八-股>,八股就是這么翻譯的。而前面兩個詞是中性的。
最後附帶說一下
Foreshadowing這個詞是可以用的,在維-基網路上有詞條
Foreshadowing
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Foreshadowing is a literary technique used by many different authors to provide clues for the reader to be able to predict what might occur later on in the story. In other words, it is a literary device in which an author drops hints about the plot and what may come in the near future or, in other words, the plot developments to come later in the story.
另,以上提到的文章書目出處和附帶的鏈接我這里有,如果你需要可以留言。貼在答案里容易被審核通不過,所以不貼了。有疑問再討論。
② 考研英語寫作高分句型有哪些 寫作是考研英語的重點
考研英語寫作常用的句型:
1. I am writing to you to recommend sb.who...
2. I believe with his diligence, intelligence great passion, sb. has great
potential in his future academic pursuits.
3. Therefore, I recommend him to you without any reservation. I am ready to
provide any further information upon your request.
4. I sincerely thank you for ...
5. However, now, much to my regret that I may not be able to...
6. I apologize for any inconvenience this may cause you.
7. I am very sorry for that really regret that...
8. I will hold a dinner party at my house on ...
9. As you are my closest friends of us, we would very much like you to
participate in the celebration share our joy.
10. If you do not have any prior appointment on April 2, we look forward to
the pleasure of your company.
11. What triggers this phenomenon? It is not difficult to put forward several
factors responsible for this.
12. In view of the arguments above, we can conclude that the current
phenomenon is of no surprise. therefore, it can be predicted that the network
way will undoubtedly advance in the years ahead.
13. What is explicitly demonstrated in the above chart is the sales changes
of online shopping in domestic market over the period from 2011 to 2015.
14. Surprisingly, it is predicted that the figure will continue to soar
dramatically to ...
15. However, for all the advantages mentioned above, online trading is by no
means without its limitations as listed below
更多考研英語寫作高分句型
③ 英語基礎寫作,五句表達全部,地道的英語
Known as the origin of the ancient Maritime Silk Road in China, the city of flowers has a history of over 2,200 years. It has a population of more than 13,000,000 and covers 7434.4 square kilometers. Locating in the south of China, its southeast borders on HongKong and south borders on Macao. It is rich in tourism resources, such as the Guangzhou Eight. Many foreign and domestic tourists are attracted by its beautiful scenery.
純人工翻譯哦內。容
④ 考研英語作文的常用表達,你知道多少
一、考研英來語一大小作文的得分自都是按檔次劃分的: 20~17分 內容切題,包括提綱的全部要點;表達清楚,文字連貫;句式有變化,句子結構和用詞正確。文章長度符合要求。 16~13分 內容切題,包括提綱的全部要點;表達比較清楚,文字基本連貫;句式有一定變化,句子結構和用詞無重大錯誤。文章長度符合要求。 12~10分 內容切題,基本包括提綱的要點;表達基本清楚;句子結構和用詞有少量錯誤。文章長度符合要求。 9~5分 內容基本切題,基本包括提綱的要點;語句可以理解,但有較多的句子結構和用詞錯誤。文章長度基本符合要求。 4~1分 基本按題寫作,但只有少數句子可以理解。二、考研英語一作文得分情況統計:百分比:每個檔次的人數/總人數,得到百分數。
⑤ 考研英語寫作該如何搞定怎樣寫才能有優勢呢
距離2018年考研英語已經剩下個多月時間了,相信很多人復習已經進行一大半了,然而還是有大部分同學迷惘,不知道從何復習而起,看了大量的網課,自己做題還是無從下手,或者基礎不好,打算放棄,其實考研英語方向對,完全可以逆襲,下面以作文為例,講講考研作文怎麼復習。
這是很多同學關切的方面。作文,不管是英語作文還是漢語作文,如果你的水平達到了,考試肯定不會差,相反你水平還沒到家,也不代表你考不過,但是高分基本不可能。這句話絕對不是廢話,弄懂這句話至少會讓你對考前背模板有一個重新認識,就像漢語,給你一個模板,讓你 把不同話題套進去,您覺得讀起來自然嗎,或者說能出彩嗎?真正的好作文絕對是源於平時積累,然後在考場上自然而然好的詞彙和表達會迸發而出,不是說模 板不可取,如果非要模板,我更願意說是框架,就是考試之前你只要大概清楚每個話題或者每類作文是幾部分構成的,即可,這就是框架,剩下的就是考驗 你怎麼用平時的積累把這篇文章起承轉合銜接了,如果你有深厚的積累,閱卷人肯定可以感受出來。怎麼積累,對於考試如果你只有
一個月時間,建議你去買一本翻譯教材來看(可以買CATTIA翻譯實務這一本書),一般翻譯教材都有分不同話題,請注意,翻譯教材和一般的口語教材天差地別,翻譯教材是很專業的規范表達,口語教材雖然也是分話題,但是真正的含金量,對於考試來說比較低,帶著目的去看,這里說的帶著目的意思就是考研作文考試一般是什麼類型的你認為在寫作過程中那些句子用得到,哪些你不會的,記下來,一本教材掃下來,你獲得的有效積累絕對比你去聽1年的外語新聞,看1年的美劇多得多,因為你看美劇聽新聞更多情況是被動輸入,聽到的題材很多是無關考試的,都是一些美國社會文化生活的更加口語化的表達,但是四六級考試一般話題都是中國國內的社會生活方面的比如節約用水啊,環境污染,大學排名,名勝古跡等,您在bbc news或者美劇基本不可能說到端午節,粽子,屈原文化等,但是考試就有可能考到,這些在翻譯教材里都有專門的章節(文化 ,體育,政治等),你只要大概疏通一下,基本上所有的題材你都會略知一二。或者說就算美劇新聞又說道,可是你要看多少集的美劇聽多少新聞才有可能碰到這些中國特色詞彙,而且聽到了往往又會忘記,通過大略學習一下翻譯教材,這就大大提高輸入的有效性,好比如體系完善,完善你怎麼表達,你是不是要用perfect,那次bec考試我用了full-fledged這一詞,至今仍感覺用的很妙,最後bec高級寫作得了Excellence等級。總結一下:對付作文,就是要高效輸入,摒棄模板,看翻譯教材學表達,而且表達是活的,在這個話題裡面遇到表達A,可以用在B話題就套進去,比如full- fledged可以用在體系完善,下次遇到誠信問題,就可以說當前社會誠信體系不完善,一樣的道理.總而言之,翻譯教材學完,自然你會覺得考研作文很簡單,因為你是從難到易,掃完教材,你的語言認識肯定上一個檔次,寫作絕對不會那麼套路化,不會nowadays怎麼怎麼的,因為到那時候模板已經限制不住你的思路。當然這個是對於考試來說,真正的語言學習遠非一本教材可以搞定。
語言必須下工夫,但是有方法,好的方法可以提高效率,而且是大大的,沒有方法,大量看,亂看,收效甚微,還會打擊自信。只有你通過大量輸入,在閱讀聽力訓練中同時獲得大量的積累,到考試中你的速度自然就快,你的用詞表達自然就豐富,沒有什麼技巧水平上去了,技巧就變成自然而然的事情了,如果水平沒達到,別人跟你說的應試技巧,你肯定也用不上,就像很多人問高考狀元怎麼學的,基礎都不一樣,問過來有意義嗎。
英語說自學也可以,說去機構也可以,關鍵是找到方向,好比如為什麼有的人背了很多東西仍然覺得進步很小,因為他背的東西不一定就是符合他的那個水平的東西,好比如你讓一個學漢語的外國人一開始去學文言文,你覺得進步大嗎,說到底,就是看有沒有人在你學習的過程給你把控看哪些你應該學,哪些不應該學,這個道理應該能理解,所以學習過程中,學什麼非常非常重要,並不是說網上那麼多資料,大家都有資料,關鍵是怎麼學怎麼用!!!
說我自己,以前也是這邊學這點那邊學一點,後來有天我在某寶上想搜索英語教程,看了一下大部分都是事先錄好的,或者根本沒售後服務的,都快要關掉了,最後看到一個賣家,教程是一對一的,也就是根據每個人情況制定不同內容的,並且有任何問題可以隨時問問,這就保證了不至於自己孤身奮戰,在賣家的引導下《賣家本身就是教英語的》,我2個月的英語進步真的是比以前一年都多,而且視野變得更為開闊。最終考研英語來到了87分。只是很多初學者跟我當初一樣,可能找不到方向,所以很容易就放棄,我覺得很可惜,其實英語找到方向,對於有心學習的人來說不難。強烈推薦因為英語考研受到阻礙的同學可以去淘寶搜索店鋪《杜倫英語》。
英語學不好,跟有些同學數學學不好一樣的道理,數學學不好的人也總覺得數學為什麼這么難,英語也是一樣,有些人覺得難,有些人覺得簡單,這時候最有效的肯定就是找人帶路,而不是自己一個人按照沒有效果的方法低效率堅持下去,等咱們醒悟過來,考研已經結束了。
⑥ 英語基礎寫作,五句表達全部,用地道的英語
With the reputation of "flower city"and history of over 2200 years ,called the origin of 「maritime silk road」 of ancient China,Guang zhou has the population of 13 millions . It covers an area of 7,434.4 square kilometers and lies in the south of China. It『s southeast borders on hong kong and south borders on Macao. In Guangzhou,there are the richest tourism resources such as 「eight sights of Yangcheng 」.The beauty of Guangzhou attracts the tourists at home and abroad.
剛好五句 望採納,如想要四句,三句,兩句,一句,都可以幫你解決。
⑦ 考研英語一寫作詞句該如何寫
考研英語的寫作主要是看你的語言基本應用能力,每年的高分作文基本上很多都是使用中學詞彙語法但是取得高分的,大多數此類作文共同點就是不使用模板,用詞得當,很少有錯誤,並沒有類似閱讀中的長句以及難句,只要你的表達得當,切合題意就可以得到一個令你滿意的分數,不需要太多難詞難句。