❶ 英文寫作中的段落展開有幾種method of development，具體方法是什麼，能否用漢語、英文回答下，謝謝
Choosing a Method of Development
Using Facts
用事實說話
Facts may be included in any paragraph, but a paragraph developed mainly by facts answers the questions who? what? when? where? and how?
把事實放進段落里，主要用事實來展開的段落可以回答關於人物，事件，事件，地點和方式的問題。
Consider, for example, the following sentence about George Washington: George Washington (who?) was named head of the Continental Army (what?) in 1775 (when?) in Philadelphia (where?) by an act of the Second Continental Congress (how?).
Using Examples
舉例子
When you generalize about a group or an idea, develop your paragraph with examples. 當你概括一個群體或者一種想法時，應該用例子來發展段落。
Paragraphs developed mainly with examples answer who specifically? what specifically? where specifically? when specifically? or how specifically? A topic sentence about fathers (generalization) could be illustrated with sentenced about Jane's father (specific), Arnold's father (specific), and Tim's father (specific). If you were writing about equality (generalization), you might give examples of political equality (more specific) or social equality (more specific).
Using Reasons
用理由來論證
Paragraphs developed with reasons answer the question why?
用理由來展開的段落能回答關於「為什麼」的問題
Suppose your topic sentence was Teenagers too young drive automobiles should have a moped. Why? Mopeds are economical, give teenagers practice in observing laws, and relieve parents the need to drive their teenagers to so many places. The sentence of illustration gives reasons for the assertion made in the top sentence.
Using Incidents
描述相關事件
When you want to tell what happened, relate an incident.
當你要告訴人們發生過的事情時，可以用相關的事件來展開段落
Suppose your history teacher asks on a test, what happened at Gettysburg in 1863? Your paragraph might begin: In Gettysburg Pennsylvania, on July 1 to 3, 1863, one of the most decisive battles of the War Between the States was fought. Then you could illustrate your paragraph with sentences that tell in chronological order what happened each day of the battle
我翻譯了每一段的主題句，後面的舉例我就沒有翻了。I suppose if you are learning method of development already, you should be able to understand the rest of the paragraph
如果不明白就直接問我把。
❷ 英語寫作中，常用的八種寫作手法是哪八種
列舉法和舉例法(Listing and Exemplification)
敘述法(Narration)
因果法(Cause and Effect)
類比一回對比法答(Comparison and Contrast)
分類法(Classification)
定義法(Definition)
❸ 高考英語作文段落拓展的手段有哪些
提綱一定要包含所提供的情景要點,主要是關於記人； c.要避免兩個極端.其實想出兩條之後就可以動筆,有側重點地檢查,要象做完型填空一樣對待考場作文.一般說來記敘文有時間,防止遺忘）.要避免寫那些與中心內容無關緊要的細節,近幾年上海和全國英語高考卷中的寫作,並且練習和模考時把他們用熟. 第二步、句子連貫.使用假想例子 5.使用自己選種的套話；使用過去發生的事例時用的是過去時,而是要求考生在充分領會「提示」的前提下,不僅造成文章邏輯結構不清、用詞貼切的作文.使用數據 4.據統計.當被告知還有5分鍾結束時. c； b.這一點你不必懷疑、稱呼. 有n種選擇可供參考,寫作時要明白清楚地給予表達、比喻、論據：1、讓步等各種句型背熟練.擴展時要注意短文的字數、解決問題的邏輯順序來安排層次.要確保文章有結尾段（不排除將它和最後一條理由的末段結合在一起的可能性）.哪一種你最容易想出來,注意煉句. b.人們常用的論證方法有歸納法.使用類比,擴展成篇.別試圖在考場上再去臨時決定比如哪種開頭好： a,一定能做到,主題句可以使讀者和筆者本人更清晰該段落寫什麼；一般現在時第三人稱要使用單數、簽字.擴展的內容一定要緊扣主題,千萬不要寫那些與主題不相關的內容、敘事,最少3分鍾最多5分鍾,不要追求一次思考就能把每一條理由及相關例證都想出來.用時太多. 英語應用文主要以寫信為主、推理法：1. 其次,還會引起行文中頻繁的修正、議論文和應用文.根據這個中心,它考查考生綜合運用語言能力.論據可以是人們公認的真理、議論文還是應用文,有謂語.用時太少. 記敘文要求考生根據試卷中提供的情景.議論文一般按提出問題,在具體寫作過程中我們不妨按如下順序進行,別說你不想寫主題句、事件,要分段寫,也可以是經過實踐考證的經典著作.舉具體事例 2、例證.各段中支持性細節寫作不必遵循相同的模式. 議論文要求考生就某一方面的問題通過擺事實.考前將文章開頭. b：文章絕大部分使用的是一般現在時、論點正確無誤,理由沒有想清楚就開始寫、原因和結果六要素.記人時.英文書信由6個部分組成,同時要盡量使用自己熟悉的詞彙與句型.時態.一般說來議論文文由論點. 第三.各段寫作時注意對段落的不同部分給予不同的重視、論據可靠充分,只要你的思維還是正常的.要做到、結束語,欲速則不達：審題. 如何在30分鍾內快速寫作文技巧 * 如何在30分鍾內快速寫完文章、確定立場,要寫夠100個詞語：正文寫作最少22分鍾最多26分鍾.格式一定要正確,且簡單句只有一個謂語,組織語言材料,編寫成文、信內地址.說對方相對缺點 3,能夠擴展的材料有哪些、對比法英語寫作是高考試題中對學生相對較難的部分、列出理由（只需要在草稿紙上用英文單詞或漢語列出各個理由、人物. 試題要求考生根據所給的情景和要求寫一篇書面材料、正文,或者已經在做結尾,以避免由於字數不夠引起的扣分,持續練習5篇以上.但它並非按照「提示」逐句翻譯、講道理的方式來發表自己看法、寫信和通知或看圖作文等內容的記敘文、結尾.2,怎樣結尾好、引用等修辭手段來論述、地點,圍繞中心,要注意介紹人物的身世.句法：檢查需要1-3分鍾. 無論是記敘文： a、分析問題,各個理由的例證可以寫到該段時邊思考邊寫.它們是信頭,每一段有一個中心思想、經歷和事跡等.3： a.敘事時要描寫事情發生與發展的過程,列出寫作提綱,確定寫作中心,用自己的語言組織成一篇內容充實,就用哪一種.主謂一致 按此三步、論證三部分構成、語言正確、根據字數多少：熟悉考場寫作三個步驟的時間分配 第一步,可以確保時間問題,敘述事情發生的前因後果等. 首先. 第三步：確保每句話是完整的、論證合理嚴密.信的正文和寫文章一樣.主題句給予最大重視,一般你應該已經寫到最後一條理由
❹ 請問英語寫作中,常用的八種寫作手法是哪八種,除了列舉法,舉例法,還有什麼方法
列舉法和舉例法(Listing and Exemplification)
敘述法(Narration)
因果法(Cause and Effect)
類比一對版比法(Comparison and Contrast)
分類法(Classification)
定義權法(Definition)
❺ 怎樣寫好英語段落（二）
段落發展的手段及結尾段的寫法 在上一講我們講了主題句，推展句的寫法；這一講我們要進一步來談一談段落發展的幾種手段以及結尾段的寫法。 段落發展的幾種手段 1． 列舉法(details) 作者運用列舉法，是通過列舉一系列的論據對topic sentence中擺出的論點進行廣泛、全面地陳述或解釋，列舉的順序可以按照所列各點內容的相對重要性、時間、空間等進行。 Yesterday was one of those awful days for me when everything I did went wrong. First, I didn't hear my alarm clock and arrived late for work. Then, I didn't read my diary properly and forgot to get to an important meeting with my boss. During the coffee break, I dropped my coffee cup and spoilt my new skirt. At lunch time, I left my purse on a bus and lost all the money that was in it. After lunch, my boss was angry because I hadn't gone to the meeting. Then I didn't notice a sign on a door that said "Wet Paint" and so I spoilt my jacket too. When I got home I couldn't get into my flat because I had left my key in my office. So I broke a window to get in and cut my hand. 根據本段主題句中的關鍵片語everything I did went wrong，作者列舉了8點內容，分別由first, then, ring the coffee break, after lunch time等連接詞語引出，使得該文條理清楚、脈絡分明、內容連貫。 常用於列舉法的過渡連接詞有：for one thing , for another, finally, besides, moreover, one another , still another, first, second, also等。 2. 舉例法(example) 作者通過舉出具體事例來闡述、說明主題句的內容，嚴格地講，舉例法也是列舉法的一種，它們的區別在於：列舉法側重羅列事實，所列事實力求全面；而舉例法側重通過舉出典型事例來解釋作者觀點，且事例可多可少。 我們來看下面這個用舉例法展開的段落。 There are many different forms of exercises to suit different tastes. For example, those who enjoy competitive sports may take up ball games. For another example, if they prefer to exercise alone, they can have a run or take a walk in the morning or in the evening. Besides, people can go swimming in the summer and go skating in the winter. In short, no matter what their interests are, people can always find more than one sports that are suitable to them. 本段採用了三個事例來說明主題句中的關鍵片語different forms of exercises，這三個例子分別由連接詞for example, for another example 和 besides引出，最後由引導的結尾句總結全段內容。 舉例法中常用的連接詞有：for example (instance), one example is, besides, furthermore, moreover, in addition等。 3. 敘述法(narration) 敘述法發展段落主要是按照事物本身的時間或空間的排列順序，通過對一些特有過渡連接詞的使用，有層次分步驟地表達主題句的一種寫作手段。用這種方法展開段落，作者能夠清楚連貫地交待事物的本末，從而可以使讀者可以清晰、完整地理解文章的含義，例如： In the flat opposite, a woman heard the noise outside. When she looked out through the window, she discovered that her neighbor was threatened by someone. She immediately called the police station. In answer to the call, a patrol police car arrived at the scene of the crime quickly. Three policemen went inside the flat at once, and others guarded outside the building to prevent anyone from escaping. 這段是按照事物發展的先後順序，敘述從發現案情、報警、到警察趕到、包圍現場的過程。全文脈絡清晰，敘述的層次感強，結構緊湊。 常用於敘述法中的過渡連接詞有：first, an the beginning, to start with, after that, later, then, afterwards, in the end, finally等。 4． 對比法或比較法(comparison & contrast) 將同類的事物按照某種特定的規則進行比較分析是一種常用的思維方法。通過對比，更容易闡述所述對象之間的異同和優缺點，例如： The heart of an electronic computer lies in its vacuum tubes, or transistors. Its electronic circuits work a thousand times faster than the nicer cells in the human brain. A problem that might take a human being a long time to solve can be solved by a computer in one minute. 在這段文字上， 作者為了突出電子計算機運行速度之快，首先將它與人腦進行了比較， "-- a thousand times faster than --" ;而後，又將這一概念具體到了 "a problem"上，通過對比使讀者從 "-- a long time -- in one minute"上有更加直觀的認識。 常用於對本法或比較法上的過渡連接詞有：than, compared with等。 5． 分類法(classification) 在闡述某一概念的段落中，常用分類法。通過對概念中所包括的事物進行分門別類，分別加以敘述，使讀者有更為清晰的認識，如： Ever since humans have lived on the earth, they have made use of various forms of communication. Generally, this expression of thoughts and feelings has been in the form of oral speech. When there is a language barrier, communication is accomplished through sign language in which motions stand for letters, words and ideas. Tourists and the people unable to hear or speak have had to resort to this form of expression. Many of these symbols of whole words are very vivid and exact and can be used internationally; spelling, however, cannot. Body language transmits ideas or thoughts by certain actions, either intentionally or unintentionally. A nod signifies approval, while shaking the head indicates a negative reaction. Other forms of nonlinguistic language can be found in signal flags, Morse code, and picture signs. 在該段中為了說明topic sentence中的 "various forms of communication"，作者將其分為oral speech, sign language, body language及other forms of nonlinguistic language，並逐加闡述。 採用這種方法的段落並沒有標志突出的連接詞，所述各項均為平行並列關系，所以沒有明顯的主次之分。 6．因果分析法(cause and effect) 在闡述某一現象的段落中，常採用因果分析法。例如： The role of women in today's society is changing. One reason is that women have begun to assert themselves as independent people through the women's movement. Also, women are aware of the alternatives to staying at home. Another reason is that increasing numbers of women who enter new fields and interests serve as role models for other women. Moreover, men are becoming more conscious of the abilities of women and have begun to view their independence positively. 本段中，主題句提出了一種社會現象，推展句則對產生這種現象的原因作出各種解釋。 常用於因果分析法的連接詞有：because, so, as a result等。 7． 定義法(definition) 在科普文章的寫作中，定義法是必不可少的。通過下定義，可以使讀者對該事物有一個更直接的認識。 Automation refers to the introction of electronic control and automation operation of proctive machinery. It reces the human factors, mental and physical, in proction, and is designed to make possible the manufacture of more goods with fewer workers. The development of automation in American instry has been called the "Second Instrial Revolution". 這一段文字使我們了解了 "automation" 和 "Second Instrial Revolution" 兩個概念，分別由 "refers to" 和 "been called" 引出。 常出現在定義法中的詞語有：refer to, mean, call等。 8. 重復法(repetition) 句子的一部分反復出現在段落中，這就是重復法。它往往造成一種步步緊逼的氣氛，使文章結構緊湊，有感染力。比如： Since that time, which is far enough away from now, I have often thought that few people know what secrecy there is in the young, under terror. I was in mortal terror of the young man who wanted my heart and liver; I was in mortal terror of my interlocutor with the iron leg; I was in mortal terror of myself, from whom an awful promise had been extracted; -- 該段中反復應用了I was in mortal terror of …我經常處於恐怖之中。 以上， 我們結合具體文章討論了展開段落的幾種方法。在實際寫作中，我們往往不必拘泥於一種寫作方法，而是將若干方法穿插在一起，使文章有聲有色。 結尾段 我們知道文章的開頭很重要，因為好的開頭可以吸引讀者、抓住讀者的注意力。同樣，文章的結尾也很重要，好的結尾會使讀者對全文的中心思想留下深刻的印象，可以增添文章的效果和說服力，讓人深思，回味無窮。確切地說，結尾的作用就是概括全文內容，進一步強調或肯定文章的中心思想，使讀者加深印象；有時也用於展望未來，提出今後方向或令人深思的問題給讀者留下回味和思考的餘地。 但是，如何才能寫好英文短文的結尾呢? 下面就介紹幾種寫結尾段最常用的方法： 1．重復中心思想: 回到文章開頭闡明的中心思想或主題句上，達到再次肯定和強調的效果。 (例1)A sense of humor is really one of the keys to happiness. It gives zest to life to make it worth living. (例2)With all these benefits, it is no wonder that sports and games have now become more popular with people than ever. 2．作出結論: 文章最後用幾句話概括全文內容，並進一步肯定文章的中心思想或作者的觀點。 (例1)In conclusion, a good teacher-student relationship can be mutual beneficial. The students gain knowledge eagerly and enjoyably, and the teacher gains satisfaction from his job. (例2)On the whole there are more advantages than disadvantages in the use of TV. Yet different people may have different attitude toward TV. But we must realize that television in itself is neither good nor bad. Its value to people and society depends on how we look at it. 3．應用引語: 用格言、諺語或習語總結全文，既言簡意賅又有更強的說服力。 (例1)If you have anything to do, try to do it yourself, for that is the safest way to
permanent success. Remember the famous saying. "God helps those who help themselves." (例2)If we stick to studies day after day, there is nothing that can't be achieved. As an old saying goes: "Constant dropping of water wears away a stone." 4．用反問結尾: 雖然形式是問句，但意義卻是肯定的，具有明顯的強調作用，引起讀者思考。 (例1)Therefore, listening skills must be consciously improved. Since it is such an important means of learning and communication, why should we not develop this ability as far as possible? (例2)So，what can we benefit from wealth if we do not have health? 5．提出展望或期望: 表示對將來的展望或期待讀者投入行動。 (例1)I am sure that Chinese will become one of the most important languages in the world in the next century. As China will open further to the outside world the language is sure to be spread world widely. (例2) If everyone has developed good manners, people will form a more harmonious relation. If everyone behaves considerately towards others and social ethics people will live in a better world. With the general mood of society improved, there will be a progress of civilization. 以上介紹了幾種寫結尾段最常用的方法，但到底選擇何種方法結尾還得根據文體來決定。平鋪直敘的記敘文，往往在故事或事實情節講完時文章也就自然結束了，而說理性和邏輯性較強的說明文和議論文都應有一個正式的結尾。希望以上介紹的幾種方法能對大家寫好結尾有所幫助。 首先，一個段落必須有一個中心即主題思想，該中心由主題句特別是其中的題旨來表達。整個段落必須緊扣這個主題(stick or hold to the topic)，這就是段落的統一性(unity)。其次，一個段落必須有若干推展句，使主題思想得到充分展開，從而給讀者一個完整的感覺，這就是完整性(completeness or adequateness)。再者，一個段落不是雜亂無章的，而是有機的組合，句子的排列順序必須合乎邏輯，從一個句子到另一個句子的過渡必須流暢(smooth)，這就是連貫性(coherence)。下面我們就對這三個標准分別加以說明。 1. 統一性 一個段落內的各個句子必須從屬於一個中心，任何游離於中心思想之外的句子都是不可取的。請看下例： Joe and I decided to take the long trip we'd always wanted across the country. We were like young kids buying our camper and stocking it with all the necessities of life. Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie. We started out in early spring from Minneapolis and headed west across the northern part of the country. We both enjoyed those people we met at the trailer park. Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner. To our surprise, we found that we liked the warm southern regions very much, and so we decided to stay here in New Mexico. 本段的主題句是段首句，controlling idea（中心思想）是take the long trip across the country。文中出現兩個irrelevant sentences，一個是Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie，這一段是講的是Joe and I，中間出現一個Bella是不合適的。還有，Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner這一句更是與主題句不相關。考生在四級統考的作文卷上常常因為造出irrelevant sentences（不相關語句）而丟分，值得引起注意。再看一個例子： My name is Roseanna, and I like to keep physically fit. I used to weigh two hundred pounds, but I joined the YMCA for an exercise class and diet program. In one year I lost eighty pounds. I feel much better and never want to have that much weight on my five-feet frame again. I bought two new suitcases last week. Every day I practice jogging three miles, swimming fifteen laps, lifting twenty-pound weights and playing tennis for one hour. My mother was a premature baby. 本段的controlling idea 是like to deep physically fit，但段中有兩個irrelevant sentences，一個是I bought two new suitcases last week，另一個是My mother was a premature baby。 從上面兩個例子可以看出，native speakers同樣會造出來irrelevant sentences。卷面上如果這種句子多了，造成偏題或離題，那問題就更嚴重了。權責聲明：本站所有音樂均網上搜集僅做寬頻測試，任何涉及商業盈利目的均不得使用，否則後果自負！如遇英文歌曲不能播放，系歌曲鏈接失效，請諒解！本站全部英文歌曲的所有權歸其唱片公司或歌手所有。請購買正版英文歌曲支持你的偶像！
❻ 英語寫作方法
英語寫作方法六大原則：
1. advanced words (高級詞彙原則)
2. adverbial advanceed (狀語提前原則)
3. phrases preferred (短語優先原則)
4.compound sentence, composite sentence and sentence of special kind (並列句、復合句和特殊句式原則)
5. long and short sentences alternately (長短句交替原則)
6. passages in paragraphs(短文分段分層原則)
高分作文的五大特性
1. sense of order (條理性: 段落完整，層次分明）
2. accuracy (准確性: 語法准確，用詞精當）
3. fluency (流暢性: 層次清晰，行文連貫）
4. conciseness & variety (簡潔、多樣性: 語言簡潔，不重復）
5. ideological content (思想性: 文章立意高，表達個人觀點內容積極向上）
過渡詞的使用
過渡詞是一種關系指引詞，一般由副詞或起副詞作用的短語承擔。此外，代詞、連詞、上下文的近義詞等也可作過渡詞。過渡詞猶如「橋梁」，在文章中發揮著連接上下文的作用，學會恰當地運用過渡詞會使文章結構緊湊，啟、承、轉、合，過渡自然，融會貫通，連成一體。
1、根據意思和作用的不同，過渡詞可以分為以下十六類：
（1）表並列關系的過渡詞：
and, also， as well, as well as， or, too, not only…but also, both … and, either … or, neither…nor等。
（2）表遞進關系的過渡詞：
besides, in addition（加之，除……之外）, moreover(此外，而且), what』s more， what』s worse等。
（3）表轉折對比的過渡詞：
but, however, yet, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, although, different from, despite, in spite of, whereas, unlike, nevertheless, not only…but also, here…there, years ago…today, this…that, the former…the latter, then…now, the first… whereas the second, once…now, on the one hand … on the other hand, some…others等。
（4）表原因的過渡詞：
because, because of, since, as, for, now that, thanks to, e to（由於）, for this reason, owing to, as far as, considering that, seeing that等。
（5）表結果的過渡詞：
so, thus, therefore, as a result, so that, then, thereby, hence, so…that, such…that?, accordingly等。??
（6）表條件的過渡詞：
if, unless, on condition that, as/so long as等。
（7）表時間的過渡詞：
when, while, after, before, until, as soon as, later, afterwards, soon, lately, recently, since, from then on,? eventually, in the meantime, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early this morning / year / century, after a while, in a few days, now, presently, finally, at last, all of a sudden, form now on, at present, immediately, the moment等。
（8）表特定的順序關系的過渡詞：
first, firstly, second, secondly, third, thirdly, above all, first of all, then, next, finally, in the end, at last, afterward(s)（後來）, meanwhile（幾乎同時）, thereafter（在那以後）, last, finally, eventually（終於）等。
（9）表換一種方式表達的過渡詞：
in other words, that is to say, to put it another way等。
（10）表進行舉例說明的過渡詞：
for instance, for example, take … as an example, namely, such as, like, in other words, that is to say, that is等。
（11）表陳述事實的過渡詞：
in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth等。
（12）表強調的過渡詞：
certainly, indeed, above all, surely, most important, in fact, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously, of course, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely等。
（13）表比較、對比的過渡詞：
like, unlike, in the same way, similarly, be similar to, rather than, on the contrary, by contrast, one one hand…, on the other hand, otherwise 等。
（14）表目的的過渡詞：
for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to等。
（15）表總結的過渡詞：
in a word(總之，簡言之), in general, in short(總之), above all, after all, generally speaking, to sum up, finally, in conclusion, to conclude, at last, in summary, on the whole等。
（16）表增補的過渡詞：in addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, what』s more, similarly, next, finally 等。
2、文章段落之間的邏輯關系主要由過渡詞來完成，在修辭中稱為啟、承、轉、合。「啟」就是開頭, 「承」是承接，「轉」是轉折，「合」是綜合或總結。
（1） 「啟」。
用於表示「啟」的過渡詞或過渡性的語句通常用在段落或文章的開頭：
過渡詞： first, first of all, at first, in the first place, firstly, to being with, to start with, recently, now, at present, in recent years, in general, generally speaking, at present, lately, currently,
過渡句：It is often said that…,
As the proverb says…,
It goes without saying that…,
It is clear/obvious that…,
Many people often ask …
（2） 「承」。
表示「承」的過渡詞或過渡性的語句通常用在段落中的第一個擴展句中：
過渡詞： second, similarly, in addition, besides, then, furthermore, moreover, what is more, what
is worse, for example, for instance, certainly, surely, obviously, in other words, especially, particularly, in particular, indeed, still, third, truly, in fact, at the same time, no doubt，
過渡句：It is true that…,
Everybody knows that…,
It can be easily proved that…,
No one can deny that…
The reason why …is that …,
There is no doubt that…,
To take…for an example (instance) …,
We know that…,
What is more serious is that…
（3）「轉」。
用於「轉」的過渡詞或過渡性的語句通常用在段落中的第二個擴展句中：
過渡詞：but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast, in any case, at any rate(無論如何), nevertheless(雖然如此), otherwise, or, or else, while, whereas, but, despite, inspite of ..., yet, instead,
過渡句：I do not believe that…,
Perhaps you』ll ask why…
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to…,
Though we are in basic agreement with …, yet differences will be found,
That』s why i feel that…
（4） 「合」。
用於「合」的過渡詞或過渡性的語句通常用在段落的結論句或文章的結論段中：
過渡詞： in a word, in general, in short, above all, after all, generally speaking，to sum up, finally, in conclusion, at last, in summary, therefore, as a result, above all, thus，after all(畢竟), eventually, hence, in short, in conclusion, in a word, in sum(總之), on the whole(就整體而言), to sum up
過渡句：From this point of view …
On account of this we can find that …
The result is dependent on …
Thus, this is the reason why we must…
長短句結合
（1）句子既要生動，又要簡明扼要。
（2）在寫作中應避免使用相同長度的相同句型，而應注意句式的變化，如長短句結合，簡單句、復雜句和復合句並用，還可以使用簡化句等，一些較復雜的結構如獨立結構，分詞結構等也可以使用。
（3）可以使用一些特殊句式，如強調句、感嘆句、倒裝句等，增強語句的表現力，以增加文章「亮點」。強烈建議：在文章第一段（開頭）用一長一短，且先長後短；在文章主體部分，要先用一個短句解釋主要意思，然後在闡述幾個要點的時候採用先短後長的句群形式，定會讓主體部分妙筆生輝！文章結尾一般用一長一短就可以了。(這是我上初中時英語老師給我的，幫助了我，希望也能幫助你。。)
❼ 如何擴展英語段落寫作的方法
很多時候寫英語作文字數不夠，而這又是一個分數衡量標准，所以版要想提高字數，就要擴充段落權。使段落內容變得飽滿起來。
大家可以增加論據，這樣能使文章更加充實，也可以增加描述性的話語。
但是切記緊扣主題，不要寫成流水賬，要是跑題了還不如不擴充了，只要圍繞著主題擴展是沒有問題的。
❽ 段落如何展開
好文章的一個要素是作者提供了足夠的細節，來支持每段的主題句。展開段落，就是以一組這樣的句子來闡發該段的中心意思。下面這些方法會幫助你充分展開段落。這些方法中的記敘、描寫、事例、和過程等也是常常用來為篇題句服務的。A．記敘記敘是按時間順序展開的，可以是文章的一段，也可以是幾段，甚至整篇文章。記敘的主要目的是告訴讀者一個故事，這個故事跟這篇文章有一定的聯系。簡短的故事常常被用做例子。以記敘一展開段落時，要讓讀者對你記敘的事件以及事件中的人物感興趣。比如： It was the end of my exhausting first day as a waitress in busy New York restaurant. My cap had gone awry, my apron was stained, my feet ached. The loaded trays I carried felt heavier and heavier. Weary and discouraged, I didn』t seem able to do anything right. As I made out a complicated check for a family with several children who had changed their ice-cream order a dozen times, I was ready to quit. Then the father smiled at me as he handed me my tip. 「Well done,」 he said. 「You』ve looked after us really well.」 Suddenly my tiredness vanished. I smiled back, and later, when the manager asked me how I』d liked my first day, I said, 「Fine!」 Those few words of praise had changed everything. 上面這段記敘，描述了自己做女招待的第一天快結束時如何筋疲力盡，如何受到了顧客的贊許，而放棄了辭職的念頭，疲勞也隨之消散的情況。B．描寫作者寫作的時候，經常要描寫他們所看到的東西。准確、成功的描述逼真地讓我們看到、聽到、聞到、嘗到、觸摸到所描述的東西。下面是一段描寫Brooklyn Bridge 上的promenade的文字，作者的描寫很老道，即使我們沒到過那橋，我們也能憑借這段文字，想像那人行道是什麼樣子。 On most traffic bridges the only foot passage is a pavement alongside rushing vehicles. Here the walk is a promenade raised above the traffic; one can lean over the railing and watch cars speeding below. The promenade is wide enough for benches – for walkers and for cyclists. Old-fashioned lamp posts remind the walker that it is, after all, a thoroughfare. But the walk is narrow enough for the promenader to reach over and touch the large round cables, wrapped in wire casing, or the rough wire rope of the vertical suspenders. Crossing the verticals is a rigging of diagonal wire ropes – stays, attached somewhere below to the floor of roadway.C．事例用事例來闡述主題句是一個常用的方法。生動的事例會讓讀者更好地記住主題句的內容。下面這一段是作者告訴讀者控制昆蟲的方法是如何影響魚類的： Wherever there are great forests, modern methods of insect control threaten the fishes inhabiting the streams in the shelter of the trees. One of the best-known examples of destruction in the United States took place in 1955, as a result of spraying in and near Yellowstone National Park. By the fall of that year so many dead fish had been found in the Yellowstone River that sportsmen and Montana fish and game administrators became alarmed. About 90 miles of the river were affected. In one 300-yard length of shoreline, 600 dead fish were counted, including brown trout, whitefish, and suckers. Stream insects, the natural food of trout, had disappeared.D．過程如果你曾經按照菜譜做過一道菜，你就會知道以過程展開段落是什麼情形。以過程展開段落，首先要界定清楚做某件事情的第一個的步驟，然後藉助諸如fist, second, third, …next, then, finally等過渡語來詳細地描述這些步驟。看下面的例子： Once you encounter a person who has stopped breathing, you should begin immediately to do mouth-to-mouth breathing. First, place the victim on his back and remove any foreign matter from his mouth with your fingers. Then tilt his head backwards, so that his chin is pointing up. Next, pull his mouth open and his jaw forward, pinch his nostrils shut to prevent the air which you blow into his mouth form escaping through his nose. Then place your mouth tightly over the victim』s. blow into his mouth until you see his chest rise. Then turn your head to the side and listen for the out-rush of air which indicates an air exchange. Repeat the process. …E. 定義定義也是展開段落的一個手段。在信息性(informative writing)的文章中，讀者可以通過對術語的定義來理解某些概念；在勸說性(persuasive writing)的文章中，作者可以通過對術語的定義來與讀者建立起共通的語言，這是說服讀者的第一步。術語一旦定義後，你可以通過例子、比較、類比、描寫等手段，使其更清晰化。看下面的例子： What exactly is genetic engineering? Genetic engineering is the name given to techniques by which scientists alter or combine genes (hereditary material) in an organism. Genes, which are part of all living cells, carry chemical information that determines an organism』s characteristics; genes have often been called 「blueprint」 of life. By changing an organism』s genes, scientists can manipulate the organism』s traits and the traits of its descendants. Ultimately, through manipulation of genetic material, scientists hope to proce flawless organisms – microorganisms, plants, and animals that exhibit greater proctivity, lower cost, and more resistance to illness.F．分類分類是把相同的東西歸成一類。開始的時候，你收集的資料可能是不相關的，經過仔細觀察，慢慢地，你發現其中某些東西之間的相似之處出現了，然後，你就可以按照一個個的標准把這些東西歸成不同的類別。同一組東西，依照不同的標准，可以歸成不同的類別，所以，歸類的時候，要告訴讀者你的標准。下面的例子中，作者在第一句，即主題句中，將紐約分成三種情況，然後依次對這三種情況說明了其分類的標准。 There are roughly three New Yorks. There is, first, the New York of the man or woman who was born here, who takes the city for granted and accepts its size and its turbulence as natural and inevitable. Second, there is the New York of the commuter – the city that is devoured by locusts each day and spat out each night. Third, there is a New York in quest of something. Of these three trembling cities the greatest is the last – the city of final destination, the city that is a goal. It is this third city that accounts for New York』s high–strung disposition, its poetical deportment, its dedication to the arts, and its incomparable achievements. Commuters give the city its tidal restlessness, natives give it solidity and continuity, but the settlers give it passion.G．比較或對比比較(comparison) 探討人物、地點、物體、事件或觀點間的相似之處，而對比(contrast)探討的是它們或他們之間不同的地方。比較或對比的時候，要依照一定的標准要點。比如，要比較、對比電腦和人腦，你可以圍繞這兩要點進行：一是信息儲存的密度，二是信息加工的速度。另外，利用比較、對比來展開段落，不只是簡單地羅列相同與不同之處，要有一定的目的。或者分類，或者評價，或者解釋。 寫作中，比較、對比的展開方式有兩種：一種是「交替法」(alternating method)，即比較或對比兩種事物的共性或差異中的一點然後再比較或對比下一點，依次類推。另一種是「塊狀法」(block method),即先提供有關某一事情的所有信息，然後再提供有關另一事情的所有信息。 下面這段話是按「交替法」展開的，比較了電腦和人腦的相同點，對比了兩者間的不同點。首先，作者圍繞信息儲存的密度這個要點平考察這兩個物體。接下來，他以信息加工的速度這個要點一比較或對比電腦和人腦。 How densely packed is the information stored in the brain? A typical information density ring the operation of a modern computer is about a million bits per cubic centimeter. This is the total information content of the computer, divided by its volume. The human brain contains, as we have said, about 1013 bits in a little more than 103 cubic centimeters, for an information content of 1013/103=1010, about ten billion bits per cubic centimeter; the brain is therefore ten thousand times more densely packed with information than is a computer, although the computer is much larger. Put another way, a modern computer able to process the information in the human brain would have to be about ten thousand times larger in volume than the human brain. On the other hand, modern electric computers are capable of processing information at a rate of 1016 to 1017 bits per second, compared to a peak rate ten billion times slower in the brain. The brain must be extraordinarily cleverly packaged and 「wired,」 with such a small total information content and so slow a processing rate, to be able to do so many significant tasks so much better than the best computer.H．類比有時候，作者為了說明一個抽象的問題，或者勸說讀者，從一個看起來不那麼相關的話題出發，通過比較，找出兩者的共同點，從而得出「A是這樣，B像A，所以B也是這樣」的結論。這種方法就是類比（analogy）。這種方法不僅使讀者看到撲克似風馬牛不相及的兩件事中的相似性，而且幫助讀者理解抽象的概念、深奧的理論等。在下面這個例子中，作者把the process of learning 比作the performance of a symphony orchestra, 過渡語with an analogy to 表明作者准備類比；描述了the performance of a symphony orchestra後，作者以similarly 提醒讀者；接下來的是類比，從而清楚地向讀者解釋了抽象的the process of learning 是什麼樣子。 In closing, we might describe learning with an analogy to a well-orchestrated symphony, aimed to blend both familiar and new sounds. A symphony is the complex interplay of composer, conctor, the repertoire of instruments, and the various dimensions of instruments toward a rich construction of themes progressing in phase, with some themes recurring and others driving the movement forward toward a conclusion or resolution. Finally, each symphony stands alone in its meaning, yet has a relationship to the symphonies that came before and those that will come later. Similarly, learning is a complex interaction of the learner, the instructional materials, the repertoire of available learning strategies, and the context, including the teacher. The skilled learner approaches each task strategically toward the goal of constructing meaning. Some strategies focus on understanding the incoming information, others strive to relate the meaning to earlier predictions, and still others work to integrate the new information with prior knowledge. I．因果以因果方式展開段落，能告訴讀者究竟是什麼原因導致了一件事的發生。我們知道，事件之間的因果關系通常是很復雜的，所以寫作之前，要對其進行仔細地分析，避免過於簡單化，尤其要避免給讀者這樣一種印象：因為一件事發生在另一件事之前，前一件事導致了後一件事的發生。下面這個例子中，作者就指出了經濟蕭條的根本原因是an unhealthy economy, 而非the stock market crash in October 1929. The depression was precipitated by the stock market crash in October 1929, but the actual cause of the collapse was an unhealthy economy. While the ability of manufacturing instry to proce consumer goods had increased rapidly, mass purchasing power had remained relatively static. Most laborers, farmers, and white-collar workers, therefore, could not afford to buy automobiles and refrigerators turned out by factories in the 1920s, because their incomes were too low. At the same time, the federal government increased the problem through economic policies that tended to encourage the very rich to over-save.上面我們探討了常見的幾種發展段落的方法，有時候，段落中僅使用其中的一種，但更多的時候，同一個段落中會幾種手段並用，下面這段話就是一個例子。作者主要是以給出細節來展開該段的；第一句是主題句，第二、三、四句給出細節；同時，作者又以分類來展開該段落：該宗教運動的成員分為正在上大學的、已經退學的、男的、女的、城市人、鄉下人。
❾ 英語段落寫作
Now in the today's society,the phenomenon of the corruption overflowed.As far as I am concerned,the reason for it is that many penple relax vigilance.The rensons for it are listed as follow.Firstly,weather a state is good or not depend on the common people's estimation.As a famous saying goes,"If you are not inquire into it, you will not have a right to speak".So only the common people improve vigilance do they estimate correctly,which can rece the phenomenon of the corruption .Secondly,only under the common people's supervision, can the government serve his people better.After all ,it is disgraced for they to do some corruption behaviours .If everyone improve vigilance,the government dare not do some things that is harm to people .Thirdly,everyone should improve vigilance and stop the bad behaviours as soon as he find the corruption behaviours ,which can avoid the further development of the corruption.