⑴ 你有什麼好的英語寫作的方法
書寫規范,卷面整潔,需要注意的地方就是書寫,一定要工整,規范,切忌在卷面答題處內亂塗亂畫,還有就是注容意大小寫、標點,如果單詞寫錯了一道橫線劃過就好了,培養英語思維,沒有英語思維不能用英語寫作,如果你寫作時想的還是漢語,那就是沒有英語思維。用英語寫作時是不想漢語的,直接就是英語。
⑵ 英語中的所謂邏輯上主謂關系是指什麼
所謂邏輯主謂關系就是指相關名詞或代詞與非謂語動詞間的主語和謂語的邏輯關系。這種邏輯主謂關系常存在於動詞不定式結構、現在分詞結構、動名詞結構、獨立主格結構中。
一、動詞不定式結構中
1、 當動詞不定式在句子中作定語時,不定式與其所修飾的名詞間具有邏輯主謂關系。
We have not a moment to go.
我們沒有剩餘的時間了。
2、 當動詞不定式的主動形式作賓語補足語時,賓語與不定式的動詞間有邏輯主謂關系。如:
My teacher asked me to come to school earlier.
老師要我早點去學校。
3、 主動形式的不定式作狀語時,主句主語與動詞不定式間有邏輯主謂關系。如:
I am sorry to have troubled you.(原因狀語)
很抱歉,打擾您了。
4、 主動形式的不定式作賓語時,主語與該不定式仍是邏輯主謂關系。如:
He managed to pass the examination.
他設法通過了考試。
5、 在with +名詞 (代詞) +主動形式的不定式時,名詞 (代詞)與不定式是邏輯主謂關系。
With ten other workers to be here, we』ll finish it ahead of time.
由於另十人將來這兒,我們將提前完成工作。
⑶ 怎麼提高英文論文的寫作邏輯
在國外大學,留學生們的主要作業就是英文寫作,所以大家要想提高成績的話,那麼英文寫作能力是必須要提高的。而同學們要想提高英文寫作能力,那麼邏輯思維能力非常關鍵。下面就給大家分享一些提高邏輯思維能力的方法。
注意邏輯聯系
相信大家都聽說過這樣一種說法:英語是一門邏輯性很強的語言,這話是從何說起呢?首先,英語在遣詞造句上是遵循嚴密的邏輯形式的:用詞要求人稱、數、格的一致;句子有嚴謹的主謂結構,多用關聯詞語,重視形式的對應和銜接。並且在全文當中,突出主題句,直線式展開段落。
一篇好的文章並不是句子的機械堆砌,而是一個有機整體,句子和句子之間是存在嚴謹的邏輯關系的,要注意句子和句子之間,段落和段落之間的銜接和連貫 (Coherence and Cohesion)。
要寫出邏輯清晰的文章,我們必須學會使用連接詞和語義承接。常見的連接詞有:Because, while, if, however, therefore, although, similarly, consequently, nevertheless。
語義承接是指通過上下文之間的承接關系來自然行文,比如通過指示代詞、人稱代詞的辦法對前一句中出現過的內容進行指代,或者對前一句話中出現的關鍵詞進行轉述、解釋,從而形成自然的承接關系。
邏輯學訓練
要寫出思維嚴謹、脈絡清晰的文章,學習一下基本的邏輯學規律對我們來說很有必要。
具體到英語寫作中,非常重要的三點基本規律是排中律、同一律和矛盾律。
排中律(Law Of Excluded Middle):文章的立意要明確鮮明。比如像這樣的作文題目:」Some people think that students should go to boarding schools instead of living at home. Do you agree or disagree?」我們需要明確給出自己的意見,贊同或者反對,而不是模稜兩可,觀點不清。
同一律(The Law Of Identity): 在構思過程中,使用的概念必須始終不變,保持統一。 要確保文章的立意和體裁符合要求並且在行文中始終如一,語言風格得體。
矛盾律(Law Of Contradiction): 文章論述必須首尾連貫,避免出現自相矛盾,跑題離題的情況。
善用思維導圖
寫作文時常常因為沒有例子、沒有思路或整篇文章結構掌握的不好而焦頭爛額。邏輯思維導圖的運用,可以大大改善這種狀況。
用思維導圖整理資料,不但能夠幫助你整體把握文章的結構,而且能夠幫助你理順整篇文章需要的資料,形成初步的思維邏輯,可以一氣呵成,專心致志把文章寫完。
在寫作文時,就算思路阻塞也可運用邏輯思維導圖將思路進行再整理,既不會忘記初始設想,也能夠及時記錄下思考過程中產生的靈感,更是可以配合以導圖中的頭腦風暴,打開更多腦洞,寫出精彩的文章。
大量閱讀 大量思考
讀書破萬卷,下筆如有神。清晰的邏輯,有力的論證,一定是建立在對話題有足夠多了解的基礎上。閱讀的時候,不妨做一下訓練思維的練習:
1)用自己的話總結出作者的論點
2)列出你認為作者最有力的支持性論據
3)列出你認為最薄弱的論據,如果換做是你,你會做出什麼樣的改動
閱讀時多問自己一些這樣的問題,並嘗試著模仿優秀的文章,這樣才能不斷提升。除此之外,知識儲備也非常關鍵。平時要大量閱讀,有意識地對各種問題進行素材積累,並學習優秀文章的行文結構、思維模式。
以上就是一些提升英文寫作邏輯思維能力的方法,希望這些方法可以幫助大家提高邏輯思維能力,然後寫好英文論文。
相信只要大家按照這樣的機構思路去寫Essay,那麼在完成一篇英文論文的時候就會輕松很多。如果大家還有不懂的地方,歡迎來咨詢51e,一定給你一個滿意的答復。
⑷ 雅思寫作中邏輯不足該如何解決
之前一直有這樣的說法「英語是一門邏輯性很強的語言」,為什麼這么說呢?因為仔細觀察你會發現,英語在遣詞造句上是遵循嚴密的的邏輯形式的:用詞上要求人稱、數、格的一致;句子有嚴謹的主謂結構,多用關聯詞語,重視形式的對應和顯性銜接。而在語篇中多突出主題句,直線式地展開段落。
對於寫作來說,一篇好的文章要遵循句子和句子之間,段落和段落之間的銜接和連貫。一篇好文章並不是句子的機械堆砌,而是一個有機整體,句子和句子之間是存在嚴謹的邏輯關系的。舉個例子,下面是一篇常見的說明文段落:
AIDS seems to follow a pattern of recognizable symptoms. First, after being exposed to the virus, the AIDS patients tends to complain of a fever, sore throat, sore muscles,and diarrhea. Then there seems to be a dormant period ,which can last for three years or longer. Finally, after this period, more serious symptoms begin to emerge.
仔細閱讀之後會發現,文章中的句子之間在邏輯上環環相扣,每一個都不可或缺。如果句子之間的銜接沒做好,寫出來的文章可能會是這樣的:
Every summer, I go to traveling with my family or my best friends. When the new term comes, I will surprisingly find my oral English is much improved. So I firmly believe book is not only the source of knowledge.
上面的句子雖然沒有語法問題,但讀起來感覺卻很奇怪,為什麼?因為句子與句子之間並沒有一個很好的邏輯關系:"go to traveling with my family" 與後面的"my oral English is much improved" 並沒有必然聯系,邏輯上講不通。
除了句子的銜接外,段落與段落之間的銜接也非常重要。這一點在經濟學人等外刊文章上體現得很好,比如這篇文章The weaker sex , 段落的結構非常清晰,開頭都有主題句來引領全段,而且段落與段落之間是層層遞進的關系。
在寫作中常見的連接詞有"because, as, while, if, however, therefore, although, similarly, consequently, nevertheless "等,它們屬於「明連接」。
語義承接則是通過上下文之間的承接關系來自然行文,比如通過指示代詞、人稱代詞等對前一句中出現過的內容進行指代,或者對前一句話中出現的關鍵詞進行轉述,解釋,從而形成自然的承接關系。語義承接屬於「暗承接」。
由此可以看出,通過用好連接詞以及語義承接的方式,我們可以將句子甚至段落有機聯系起來,使之符合邏輯。
⑸ 如何有效地提高英語寫作的邏輯思維
我們先來看看文章的評判標准。一般情況下,我們可以通過這幾個標准來衡量一篇文章的優劣:詞彙的豐富與准確性,語法的准確性,文章的連貫與流暢度,觀點是否清晰扣題,論證是否嚴謹有力。對大部分人來說,詞彙和語法並不是最大的問題,多閱讀多練習,假以時日,總可以慢慢掌握。實際上,在英文寫作中最讓人頭疼的往往是後面幾項:觀點的提出以及論證,文字的銜接和耦合。
文章要做到連貫流暢,觀點清晰,論證有力,僅僅靠背單詞和學語法是不夠的,因為它還涉及到一個更深層次的問題:邏輯思維能力。寫作活動是一種嚴密而有序的邏輯思維過程。很多作文中出現的表達混亂,層次不清等問題,往往是寫作時邏輯思維混亂導致的。還沒想清楚就下筆,寫出來的東西自然不會清晰到哪裡去。
那我們應該要怎樣做,才能提高邏輯思維能力,寫出清晰嚴謹的文章呢? 可以從以下幾點入手:
1.注意句子以及段落的邏輯關系
之前一直有這樣的說法「英語是一門邏輯性很強的語言」,為什麼這么說呢?因為仔細觀察你會發現,英語在遣詞造句上是遵循嚴密的的邏輯形式的:用詞上要求人稱、數、格的一致;句子有嚴謹的主謂結構,多用關聯詞語,重視形式的對應和顯性銜接。而在語篇中多突出主題句,直線式地展開段落。
對於寫作來說,一篇好的文章要遵循句子和句子之間,段落和段落之間的銜
接和連貫。一篇好文章並不是句子的機械堆砌,而是一個有機整體,句子和句子之間是存在嚴謹的邏輯關系的。舉個例子,下面是一篇常見的說明文段落:
AIDS seems to follow a pattern of recognizable being exposed to the virus, the AIDS patients tends to complain of a fever, sore throat, sore muscles,and seems to be a dormant period ,which can last for three years or after this period, more serious symptoms begin to emerge.
仔細閱讀之後會發現,文章中的句子之間在邏輯上環環相扣,每一個都不可或缺。如果句子之間的銜接沒做好,寫出來的文章可能會是這樣的:
Every summer, I go to traveling with my family or my best friends. When the new term comes, I will surprisingly find my oral English is much improved. So I firmly believe book is not only the source of knowledge.
上面的句子雖然沒有語法問題,但讀起來感覺卻很奇怪,為什麼?因為句子與句子之間並沒有一個很好的邏輯關系:"go to traveling with my family" 與後面的"my oral English is much improved" 並沒有必然聯系,邏輯上講不通。
除了句子的銜接外,段落與段落之間的銜接也非常重要。這一點在經濟學人等外刊文章上體現得很好,比如這篇文章The weaker sex , 段落的結構非常清晰,開頭都有主題句來引領全段,而且段落與段落之間是層層遞進的關系。 What can be done? Part of the solution lies in a change in cultural attitudes.
Policymakers also need to lend a hand, because foolish laws are making the problem worse.
Even more important than scrapping foolish policies is retooling the ecational system, which was designed in an age when most men worked with their muscles.
More generally, schools need to become more boy-friendly.
從上面可以看到,要寫出邏輯清晰的文章,我們要特別注意句子以及段落的銜接和連貫。這就要求我們要用好連接詞以及語義承接。
在寫作中常見的連接詞有"because, as, while, if, however, therefore, although, similarly, consequently, nevertheless "等,它們屬於「明連接」。 語義承接則是通過上下文之間的承接關系來自然行文,比如通過指示代詞、人稱代詞等對前一句中出現過的內容進行指代,或者對前一句話中出現的關鍵詞進行轉述,解釋,從而形成自然的承接關系。語義承接屬於「暗承接」。
下面這篇雅思 9 分作文片段就很好地體現了連接詞以及語義承接的效果(仔細體會加黑以及帶下劃線的單詞,感受一下連接詞的效果)。
I tend to agree that young children can be negatively affected by too much time spent on the computer partly because sitting in front of a screen for too long can be damaging to both the eyes and the physical posture The main concern is about the type of computer activities that attract
often electronic games that tend to be very intense and rather usually the "hero" too much exposure can encourage children to be self-centred and insensitive to others. 上面的作文片段中,"This" 用來指代"I tend to agree..." 一整句的內容,連接詞"because"用來連接從句說明原因,"regardless of" 後面連接名詞性從句做進一步說明。"These"用來指代上一句中出現的 "computer activities",用定冠詞"the"修飾的"player" 和 "game" 則與上一句呼應,指代游戲中的玩家和游戲。
由此可以看出,通過用好連接詞以及語義承接的方式,我們可以將句子甚至段落有機聯系起來,使之符合邏輯。
事實上,銜接和連貫性(Coherence and Cohesion)一直是雅思寫作中的一個重要評分標准,雅思官方也給出了一個指導視頻:
IELTS Writing 雅思寫作連貫性
⑹ 英語邏輯主語有四種哪四種
1,非謂語動詞作狀語,句子的主語是非謂語動詞的邏輯主語。如:waiting there a long time , he felt impatient.
2, 名詞的所有格,物主代詞作動名詞的邏輯主語。如:
Would you mind Li Ming's (his)coming here?這里Li Ming's 或者his是coming 的邏輯主語。
3,for Sb to do ,Sb是動詞不定式的邏輯主語。如:
It is important for us to study English. 這里us是不定式的邏輯主語。
4,獨立主格結構。如:
Book in hand, the teacher came in quietly. Book是in hand 的邏輯主語。
直接邏輯主語和附加邏輯主語
- He likes helping others . (he 是helping 的邏輯主語)
- Moved by his words , I told him all the news . (I 是moved 的邏輯賓語)
復合結構中的賓語
復合結構中的賓語就是非謂語動詞的邏輯主語。
- The teacher asked me to answer his question . (me 是to answer 的邏輯主語)
- I saw him playing at the river side . (him 是playing 的邏輯主語)
- It's kind of you to tell me the news . (you 是to tell 的邏輯主語)
- It is impossible for you to finish so much work in so short a time . (you 是to finish 的邏輯主語)
邏輯主語就是不一定是出現在句子里的那個主語,但卻是能真正發出該句子動作的人。分詞的獨立結構從形式上看來就是現在分詞或者過去分詞的一個短語,這個結構自身不帶主語的話,那麼這個分詞的動作一定要是句子的主語能夠發出的動作;當它自己帶主語的時候,就可以不一致了,也就成了我們常說的獨立主格結構。
⑺ 英語寫作方法
英語寫作方法六大原則:
1. advanced words (高級詞彙原則)
2. adverbial advanceed (狀語提前原則)
3. phrases preferred (短語優先原則)
4.compound sentence, composite sentence and sentence of special kind (並列句、復合句和特殊句式原則)
5. long and short sentences alternately (長短句交替原則)
6. passages in paragraphs(短文分段分層原則)
高分作文的五大特性
1. sense of order (條理性: 段落完整,層次分明)
2. accuracy (准確性: 語法准確,用詞精當)
3. fluency (流暢性: 層次清晰,行文連貫)
4. conciseness & variety (簡潔、多樣性: 語言簡潔,不重復)
5. ideological content (思想性: 文章立意高,表達個人觀點內容積極向上)
過渡詞的使用
過渡詞是一種關系指引詞,一般由副詞或起副詞作用的短語承擔。此外,代詞、連詞、上下文的近義詞等也可作過渡詞。過渡詞猶如「橋梁」,在文章中發揮著連接上下文的作用,學會恰當地運用過渡詞會使文章結構緊湊,啟、承、轉、合,過渡自然,融會貫通,連成一體。
1、根據意思和作用的不同,過渡詞可以分為以下十六類:
(1)表並列關系的過渡詞:
and, also, as well, as well as, or, too, not only…but also, both … and, either … or, neither…nor等。
(2)表遞進關系的過渡詞:
besides, in addition(加之,除……之外), moreover(此外,而且), what』s more, what』s worse等。
(3)表轉折對比的過渡詞:
but, however, yet, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, although, different from, despite, in spite of, whereas, unlike, nevertheless, not only…but also, here…there, years ago…today, this…that, the former…the latter, then…now, the first… whereas the second, once…now, on the one hand … on the other hand, some…others等。
(4)表原因的過渡詞:
because, because of, since, as, for, now that, thanks to, e to(由於), for this reason, owing to, as far as, considering that, seeing that等。
(5)表結果的過渡詞:
so, thus, therefore, as a result, so that, then, thereby, hence, so…that, such…that?, accordingly等。??
(6)表條件的過渡詞:
if, unless, on condition that, as/so long as等。
(7)表時間的過渡詞:
when, while, after, before, until, as soon as, later, afterwards, soon, lately, recently, since, from then on,? eventually, in the meantime, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early this morning / year / century, after a while, in a few days, now, presently, finally, at last, all of a sudden, form now on, at present, immediately, the moment等。
(8)表特定的順序關系的過渡詞:
first, firstly, second, secondly, third, thirdly, above all, first of all, then, next, finally, in the end, at last, afterward(s)(後來), meanwhile(幾乎同時), thereafter(在那以後), last, finally, eventually(終於)等。
(9)表換一種方式表達的過渡詞:
in other words, that is to say, to put it another way等。
(10)表進行舉例說明的過渡詞:
for instance, for example, take … as an example, namely, such as, like, in other words, that is to say, that is等。
(11)表陳述事實的過渡詞:
in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth等。
(12)表強調的過渡詞:
certainly, indeed, above all, surely, most important, in fact, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously, of course, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely等。
(13)表比較、對比的過渡詞:
like, unlike, in the same way, similarly, be similar to, rather than, on the contrary, by contrast, one one hand…, on the other hand, otherwise 等。
(14)表目的的過渡詞:
for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to等。
(15)表總結的過渡詞:
in a word(總之,簡言之), in general, in short(總之), above all, after all, generally speaking, to sum up, finally, in conclusion, to conclude, at last, in summary, on the whole等。
(16)表增補的過渡詞:in addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, what』s more, similarly, next, finally 等。
2、文章段落之間的邏輯關系主要由過渡詞來完成,在修辭中稱為啟、承、轉、合。「啟」就是開頭, 「承」是承接,「轉」是轉折,「合」是綜合或總結。
(1) 「啟」。
用於表示「啟」的過渡詞或過渡性的語句通常用在段落或文章的開頭:
過渡詞: first, first of all, at first, in the first place, firstly, to being with, to start with, recently, now, at present, in recent years, in general, generally speaking, at present, lately, currently,
過渡句:It is often said that…,
As the proverb says…,
It goes without saying that…,
It is clear/obvious that…,
Many people often ask …
(2) 「承」。
表示「承」的過渡詞或過渡性的語句通常用在段落中的第一個擴展句中:
過渡詞: second, similarly, in addition, besides, then, furthermore, moreover, what is more, what
is worse, for example, for instance, certainly, surely, obviously, in other words, especially, particularly, in particular, indeed, still, third, truly, in fact, at the same time, no doubt,
過渡句:It is true that…,
Everybody knows that…,
It can be easily proved that…,
No one can deny that…
The reason why …is that …,
There is no doubt that…,
To take…for an example (instance) …,
We know that…,
What is more serious is that…
(3)「轉」。
用於「轉」的過渡詞或過渡性的語句通常用在段落中的第二個擴展句中:
過渡詞:but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast, in any case, at any rate(無論如何), nevertheless(雖然如此), otherwise, or, or else, while, whereas, but, despite, inspite of ..., yet, instead,
過渡句:I do not believe that…,
Perhaps you』ll ask why…
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to…,
Though we are in basic agreement with …, yet differences will be found,
That』s why i feel that…
(4) 「合」。
用於「合」的過渡詞或過渡性的語句通常用在段落的結論句或文章的結論段中:
過渡詞: in a word, in general, in short, above all, after all, generally speaking,to sum up, finally, in conclusion, at last, in summary, therefore, as a result, above all, thus,after all(畢竟), eventually, hence, in short, in conclusion, in a word, in sum(總之), on the whole(就整體而言), to sum up
過渡句:From this point of view …
On account of this we can find that …
The result is dependent on …
Thus, this is the reason why we must…
長短句結合
(1)句子既要生動,又要簡明扼要。
(2)在寫作中應避免使用相同長度的相同句型,而應注意句式的變化,如長短句結合,簡單句、復雜句和復合句並用,還可以使用簡化句等,一些較復雜的結構如獨立結構,分詞結構等也可以使用。
(3)可以使用一些特殊句式,如強調句、感嘆句、倒裝句等,增強語句的表現力,以增加文章「亮點」。強烈建議:在文章第一段(開頭)用一長一短,且先長後短;在文章主體部分,要先用一個短句解釋主要意思,然後在闡述幾個要點的時候採用先短後長的句群形式,定會讓主體部分妙筆生輝!文章結尾一般用一長一短就可以了。(這是我上初中時英語老師給我的,幫助了我,希望也能幫助你。。)
⑻ 英語作文的寫作方法及技巧
您好!
一般應做到
內容切題:不能走題、偏題
表達清楚:要讓別人知道你想說什麼,不要用你認為能看懂的漢語式英文句子
意義連貫:中英文化差異造成思維方式和文字表述方式的不同,英文表述更注重事實,所以寫英語作文不要過多的進行心理、環境描寫,120個字的作文結構要縝密,理由和例子要簡潔有力,說明問題,不要東拉西扯。
句法多變:為避免文章平淡、呆板,可使用不同的句式:強調句、倒裝句、否定句等等
語言正確:不要犯低級的語法錯誤
英語作文其實不難,如果你的英語底子不好,不太擅長使用比較復雜的語法,詞彙量也比較有限的話。建議用最簡單的句子表達意思,句式越簡單越好,能表達意思就好,一些生辟的單詞如果不會不需要直譯,可以用些片語。能表達意思就好,如果不會用用多了反而容易出錯,平時作業時可以慢慢積累,可以試著用些當作練習,考試時就不必了,原因就不多說了。我覺得要寫好英語作文還是平時多積累些,加上一些練習,比如平時可以多看些英語美文,如果有時間也可以刻意記些,時間長了語感自然就出來了,考試時有可能不知不覺的就閃出了平時的記憶。
多用連接詞!
遞進型:besides
;what's
more
;let
alone解釋型:that
is
(to
say);in
other
words轉折型:however;but;yet;otherwise列舉型:for
example;such
as
;on
the
other
hand因果型:since;therefore;as
a
result並列型:and;or;also;as
well
as總結型:in
a
word
;in
short;
on
the
whole;in
conclusion見解型:in
my
opinion;speaking;as
far
as
I
am
concerned
祝您成功
⑼ 能列舉些英語中表示邏輯關系的詞彙嗎
英語關聯詞 —並列連詞 1
並列連詞 在句子中不做成分,僅表示前後關系.
1.用於連接彼此互補依存的對等的成分.
1)連接語詞:slow but safe/ either this
week or next week
2)連接分句:I went and she also.
2.可分別表示下列關系.
1)轉折:but, yet, however, neverthe-
less
2) 因果:so, for, therefore
3) 選擇:or, either…or, neither…nor
英語關聯詞 —並列連接詞 2
4)並列和遞進:and,both…and, as well as
not only…but (also)
英語關聯詞 —關聯詞
關聯詞 用於引導從句.
1.名詞從句: He doesn't know what she is.
2.副詞從句:If he comes, I'll give it
to you.
3.形容詞從句:He's the best student I've
ever taught.
英語關聯詞 —連接詞 1
關聯詞的類別及所表示的關系 要特別注意關聯詞在從句中(及某些連接詞在短語中)所擔當的成分,這是正確使用關連詞的關鍵.
1.連接詞:引導名詞從句,在從句中不做成分.
1) that(無含義):
I said that he was wrong.
2) whether(if)(表示不確定性或選擇關系):
I don't know whether it is correct.
英語關聯詞 —連接詞 2
2.連接代詞
1)引導名詞從句,在從句中做主語,賓語,表語和
定語.
A. who/which 作主語(口語who中可做賓語,
但其前面不可有與其配合使用的介詞):
I asked him who came into the
room./ I asked him who(m) he saw
whom/which 做賓語:
Ask him which he wants.
英語關聯詞 —關聯詞 3
C. whose 做賓語(=whose thing(s)) /定
語:
I wonder whose house that is.
D. what 做上面提及的各種成分:
I don't know what I should do.
What can be done
2)與不定式連用,在其中多做主語和賓語.
We can't decide whom to invite.
We must decide what to do.
I couldn't decide which to choose.
英語關聯詞 —關聯詞 4
3.連接副詞 引導名詞從句或與不定式連用,在從句
中做狀語.
1) how: That's how I look at it.
2) where: I don't know where he lives.
3) when: Tell me when to use the tool.
4) why: I'll tell you why you have to
do it.
英語關聯詞 —關系詞 1
4.關系代詞
1) who 表示人,在從句中做主語和表語(口語
who中可做賓語,但其前面不可有與其配合使用
的介詞):
The man who spoke is my teacher.
I don't know who he is.
The man who I saw told me that.
2) whom 表示人,在從句中做賓語和表語:
The man whom I saw told me that.
英語關聯詞 —關系詞 2
3) whose 表示"某人/物的",of which表示
"某物的", 在從句中做定語:
That's the man whose son is my
pupil.
The room whose window faces south
is her bedroom.
The room of which the window faces
south is her bedroom.
英語關聯詞 —關系詞 3
4) which 表示物,在從句中做主語和表語:
I like the picture which was taken
in front of the main building.
5) that 表示人/物,在從句中做主語和賓語; 注
意下列關於that作為關系代詞的用法.
A.現行詞前有最高級形容詞修飾時:
This is the best film that I've
ever seen.
英語關聯詞 —關系詞 4
B.先行詞是下列詞語或為其所修飾修飾時:
the first, the last, the only, the
same, the very, all, any, no,
every.
This is the last chance that you
have.
You are the only friend that I
have.
He told me all that he knew.
英語關聯詞 —關系詞 5
C. 先行詞是下列不定代詞或為其所修飾修飾時:
much, little, none, everything/body,
nothing, nobody.
There's nothing in the world that
can frighten him.
D. 以Who/Which開始的句子,其後的定語從句中
的關系代詞不使用who/which,而代之以that.
Who that knows him would trust him
Which of these buses is the one
that goes to London
英語關聯詞 —關系詞 6
E.人和事物/動物同為先行詞時:
The man and the horse that fell
into the river were drowned.
6) 關系代詞做介詞賓語.
A.一般介詞可放在whom/which的前面或其所
在的從句的句尾,關系代詞為that時,只可
放在其所在的從句的句尾.
Is this the car for which you
paid a high price
英語關聯詞 —關系詞 7
Is this the car which you paid
a high price for
Is this the car that you paid a
high price for
Is this the car you paid a high
price for
B.介詞ring, except以及表示(從整體中)
"分割"(出部分)的介詞of等介詞要放在關
系代詞的前面:
英語關聯詞 —關系詞 8
The years ring which he was away
were long years to her.
He wrote many books, some of which
C.其介詞與動詞不可分割的短語動詞中的介詞必
須放在其動詞之後,不可放在關系代詞之前:
This is the book which he has been
looking for.
7)關系代詞的省略.
A.關系代詞作賓語時:
The girl I work with is coming.
英語關聯詞 —關系詞 9
B.that在定語從句中做表語時:
He is not the man that he was
when I saw him first.
He is not the man he was when I
saw him first.
5.關系副詞 在定語從句中均做狀語.
1)where 地點:
That's one point where I'd like
your advice.
英語關聯詞 —關系詞 10
2) when 時間:
At the time when I saw him, he was
ill.
3) why 原因:
That is the reason why I came so
early.
4) that 方式/時間/原因
I like the way that /in which he
did it.
英語關聯詞 —關系詞 11
That was the first time (that) I saw
him.
The reason why/that he was dismissed
is not easy to explain.
5)in which/at which = where
This is the school in which/at which/
where he works.
6)for which = why
I don't the reason for which he left.
英語關聯詞 —關系詞 12
7)on which = when
The day on which she was born was 22
September, 1988.
⑽ 人稱代詞做不定式的邏輯主語時、應該用人稱代詞的賓格還是所有格(英語)
英語人抄稱代詞表主格襲 賓格 形容詞性物主代詞 名詞性物主代詞 反身代詞
第一人稱單數 I me my mine myself
第二人稱單復同形 you you your yours yourself
第三人稱單數 he him his his himself
第三人稱單數 she her her hers herself
第三人稱單數 it it its its itself
第一人稱復數 We us our ours ourselves
第三人稱復數 they them their theirs hemselves