A. 2011CET4大學英語四,六級考試學習 6.0 鏈接
http://hi..com/%B6%C0%BC%D2%B7%A2%B2%BC123/blog/item/ff08285e93d49490810a186a.html
B. 大學英語四六級寫作步驟是什麼
對於復習四六級寫作,首先、真題為王。歷年真題的重要性相信備考的回小夥伴們都知道。答在此主要是看2015《大學英語四級考試真題精析與標准預測》以及2015《大學英語六級考試真題精析與標准預測》,不僅包含最新的9套真題和3套標准預測卷,涵蓋諸如詞彙、聽力、選詞填空、閱讀理解、翻譯、寫作等。
其次具體的步驟如下:
首先、 構思。即:當考生拿到考題,看懂題目,在腦中整合與考題內容相關的內容。這時的素材往往是個別的,孤立的,很凌亂瑣碎;
其次、組織。即把腦中的素材做出整理,使其條理、系統化。取捨素材的標准如下:第一自己是否可以准備的英文進行表達,第二整理的素材字數是否符合考試的要求。
最後、表達。即把組織過的材料仔細推敲,確無問題了再落筆成文。在撰寫時要注意主謂語一致,時態呼應,用詞貼切等。
C. 四六級作文和六級作文有聯系嗎
英語四六級作文,沒有關系。
六級考試要復雜一點,六級考試的難度明顯高於四級,四級憑藉以前的積累也能通過四級的及格線,而在六級考試中則感到相當吃力。因為詞彙的積累是基礎,詞彙量的大量增加必然會要求提高詞彙記憶的難度。
四六級作文一般都是給定一個要求,讓大家就此展開書寫,大部分是信件通知或者就一個現象發表自己的看法等,如果大家想當然的去寫標題,很有可能不合乎簡潔、需要用介詞搭配等標題要求。而為了保險起見,建議大家不要寫。
避免畫蛇添足,因為不寫標題,是不會扣分的,也不會影響閱卷老師對你作文的印象。大家在寫的時候只需直入主題,段落寫好。
(3)大學英語四六級作文關聯擴展閱讀
想寫好作文,必須具備扎實的基本功,作文的基本功主要體現在詞、句、段三個方面。
單詞方面,積累單詞,擴大詞彙量,弄清詞的確切用法及相似詞的用法區別,以及很多固定短語、習語的用法,要准確地表達想要表達的意思。
句子方面,注意一些常用的句式,平時看到比較好用的句式要記下來,多模仿,還要在寫文章時注意長短句的結合。
段落方面,注意整篇文章的整體布局,要從整體上把握每段的中心思想,避免偏題、走題。
提高寫作水平不是一朝一夕所能完成的,最重要的是養成好的學習習慣,平時注意多積累,勤動筆、多思考。
D. 有沒有大學英語四六級歷年作文範文的電子書
您好,新東方在線抄為您服務。
【四六級匯總】http://bbs.koolearn.com/t_3838851_0.html
您可以登錄新東方在線官網購買新東方網路課程,一定時間段內無限次聽課,另外還包含多項服務。
地址:http://kaoyan.koolearn.com/
如有疑問,歡迎向新東方在線企業知道提問。
E. 大學英語四級作文和六級作文有什麼區別
首先申明本人已經過四六級,且四級571分,六級535,我個人認為四六級作文主要還是版詞彙上的權區別,考六級寫作時,只要盡量多用一些亮點詞彙就好了,當然不要出現低級的語法錯誤,而且我認為考六級時未必就要掌握很多很多的詞彙,畢竟詞彙這個東西是永遠都沒法掌握完的,只要把你所掌握的高級詞彙在寫作時運用出來就好了,所以我認為四六級作文其實沒有太大的本質區別。
F. 有關大學英語四六級考試,高手進!!!
呵呵,我建議你直接考六級。因為六級比四級難不了多少,關鍵是詞彙的差異,其他方面都是一樣准備的。如果你選擇考四級,那還要痛苦一次的奮斗六級,還不如一次把目標定高點,而且即使你這次沒過也沒什麼,就相當於是練兵,下學期再考,這和你先考四級再考六級花的時間一樣多。如果你一次考過了,就賺了 啊!
現階段,你就好好准備。下面是我給另一個人的建議,你可以參考:
聽力和閱讀最拉分,因為這兩類分別佔30%,加起來就60%了。你好好攻一下這兩類,然後根據自己的情況總結規律。
在考試時間分配上,聽力播放前2分鍾,你最好先瀏覽一遍題目,不要一個詞一個詞的看,跳著看主要的詞,否則時間不夠。然後在每道題中心詞下劃一筆,等錄音放到這道題時你就瞭然於胸了,而不至於別人都念完了你還不曉得將的什麼。 記住,當你某題沒有聽懂時,千萬不要多想,要立即放棄然後准備聽下一題,否則容易中連環計,後面的挨著錯。
在閱讀上,快速閱讀篇幅長,題簡單,不需要整篇讀,直接帶題如文找答案即可。規律就是基本每段一個題,平均分配的。 深度閱讀就難點,但是只要理解了文章中心思想,緊貼文意來選准確率很高。
如果你做題速度不快,時間來不及了,我建議你可以放棄選詞填空,那裡只佔5%。
我四級和六級都是按照這個規律來的,都是一次就過了,而且分數不錯ye!
G. 歷年英語四六級作文
歷年CET-4/6作文題目
1991年6月CET作文題目
四級作文題:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 100 words on Changes in People's Diet.
Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three paragraphs to:
1.state the changes in people's diet (飲食) in the past five years;
2. give possible reasons for the changes.
3. draw your own conclusions.
4. you should quote as few figures as possible.
Food Year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990
Grain 49% 47% 46.5% 45% 45%
Milk 10% 11% 11% 12% 13%
Meet 17% 20% 22.5% 23% 21%
Fruit and vegetables 24% 22% 20% 20% 21%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Changes in People's Diet
六級作文題:
Directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition based on the graph below.
Outline:
1.Rise and fall of the rate of car accident as indicated by the graph;
2.Possible reason (s) for the decline of car accidents in the city;
3.Your predictions of what will happen this year.
Food Year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990
Grain 49% 47% 46.5% 45% 45%
Milk 10% 11% 11% 12% 13%
Meet 17% 20% 22.5% 23% 21%
Fruit and vegetables 24% 22% 20% 20% 21%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Your composition should be no less than 120 words and you should quote as few figures as possible.
1993年1月CET作文題目
四級作文題:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Positive and Negative Aspects of Sport. You should write no less than 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1.運動的積極因素
2.運動的消極因素
3.你的體會
Positive and Negative Aspects of Sport
六級作文題:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the title: Motorcycles and City Traffic. You should base your composition on the following outline (given in Chinese):
1.近年來中國城市中的摩托車
2.摩托車的優點和缺點
3.你對我國城市中摩托車發展前景的看法
You must write your composition in no less than 120 words on Composition Sheet and remember to write it in readable handwriting.
Motorcycles and City Traffic
1993年6月CET作文題目
四級作文題:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic My Most Favorite Programme. You should write no less than 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1.我最喜愛的電視(或無線電)節目是……
2.這類節目的內容和特點
3.我喜歡它的原因
My Most Favorite Programme
六級作文題:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on topic My View on Opportunity. You must base your composition on the following instructions (given in Chinese):
有些人認為機會是極少的, 另一些人則認為人人都有某種機會。你的看法如何?寫出你的觀點,說明你的理由並舉例。在你的文章結尾處不要忘記寫出你的結論。
My View on Opportunity
1994年1月CET作文題目
四級作文題:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The World Is Getting Smaller and Smaller. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1.現代的交通工具越來越發達
2.人與人之間的交往越來越頻繁
3.結論
The World Is Getting Smaller and Smaller
六級作文題:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic We Need to Broaden Our Knowledge. You should write no less than 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 科學技術是社會發展所不可缺少的
2. 社會科學和自然科學相互滲透
3. 現代大學生需要廣博的知識
We Need to Broaden Our Knowledge
1995年1月CET作文題目
四級作文題:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Can Money Buy Happiness?
You should write no less than 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1.有人認為金錢是幸福之本(source of happiness)
2.也有人認為金錢是萬惡之源(root of all evil)
3.我的看法
Can Money Buy Happiness?
六級作文題:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic My view on the Negative Effects of Some Advertisements. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 現在有些不良的商業廣告
2. 這些廣告的副作用和危害性
3. 我對這些廣告的態度
My view on the Negative Effects of Some Advertisements
1995年6月CET作文題目
四級作文題:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Advantage of a Job Interview. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on outline (given in Chinese) below:
1.現在找工作一般都要面試,通過面試,面試者(interviewer)和應試者(interviewee) 可以互相了解情況。
2.面試者可以向應試者介紹情況如工作性質、條件、待遇等。
3.應試者也有機會給對方留下一個好印象,如可以表現出自信心,可以介紹教育背景,工作能力等。
Advantage of a Job Interview
六級作文題:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Should Firecrackers Be Banned? You should write no less than 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1.有人認為放鞭炮是好事,為什麼?
2.有人認為放鞭炮是壞事, 為什麼?
3.我的看法。
Should Firecrackers Be Banned
(Suggested key words: firecrackers 鞭炮 set off / let off [放鞭炮])
1996年1月CET作文題目
四級作文題
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic The Two-day Weekend. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 雙休日給大學生帶來的好處。
2. 雙休日可能給大學生帶來的問題。
3. 我應當怎樣過好雙休日。
The Two-day Weekend
六級作文題:
Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Why I Take the College English Test Band 6. you should write at least 120 words and your composition should include the following two points (given in Chinese):
1. 有人認為沒有必要參加大學英語六級考試(簡稱CET-6)。
2. 我參加CET-6考試的理由。
Why I Take the College English Test Band 6
1996年6月CET作文題目
四級作文題:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Global Shortage of Fresh Water. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 人們以為淡水是取之不盡的
(提示:雨水、河水、井水......)
2. 實際上淡水是非常緊缺的
(提示:人口增加,工業用水增加,污染......)
3. 我們應該怎麼辦
Global Shortage of Fresh Water
六級作文題:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Health Gains in Developing Countries. You must base your composition on the following instructions (given in Chinese):
1. 以下圖為依據描述發展中國家的期望壽命(life expectancy)和嬰兒死亡率(infant mortality)的變化情況。
2. 說明引起變化的各種原因。
Health Gains in Developing Countries
1997年1月CET作文題目
四級作文題:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes tow rite a composition on the topic Practice Makes Perfect. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 怎樣理解「熟能生巧」?
2. 例如:在英語學習中......
3. 又如......
Practice Makes Perfect
六級作文題:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Haste Makes Waste. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 為什麼說「欲速則不達」
2. 試舉例說明
Haste Makes Waste
1997年6月CET作文題目
四級作文題:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Getting to Know the World Outside the Campus. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 大學生了解社會的必要性
2. 了解社會的途徑(大眾媒介、社會服務等)
3. 我打算怎麼做
Getting to Know the World Outside the Campus
六級作文題:
Directions: For this part you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic My View on Job-Hopping. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 有些人喜歡始終從事一種工作,因為......
2. 有些人喜歡經常更換工作,因為......
3. 我的看法
My View on Job-Hopping
1998年1月CET作文題目
四級作文題:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Harmfulness of Fake Commodities. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 目前社會上有不少假冒偽劣商品(fake commodities)。為什麼會有這種現象?
2. 舉例說明假冒偽劣商品對消費者個人、社會等的危害。
Harmfulness of Fake Commodities
六級作文題:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic My View on Fake Commodities. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given on Chinese) below:
1. 假冒偽劣商品的危害。
2. 怎樣杜絕假冒偽劣商品。
My View on Fake Commodities
1998年6月CET作文題目
四級作文題:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to wri te a composition on the topic Do 「Lucky Numbers」 Really Bring Good Luck? . You should write at least 100 words and you should base your compositi on on the outline (given in Chinese) below.
1. 有些人認為某些數字會帶來好運。
2. 我認為數字和運氣無關,......
Do 「Lucky Numbers」 Really Bring Good Luck?
六級作文題:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Do 「Lucky Numbers」Really Bring Good Luck? You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 有些人認為某些數字會帶來好運。
2. 我認為數字和運氣無關,......
Do 「Lucky Numbers」 Really Bring Good Luck?
1999年1月CET作文題目
四級作文題:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Don't Hesitate to Say "No". You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 別人請求幫助時,在什麼情況下我們會說"不"
2. 為什麼有些人在該說"不"的時候不說"不"
3. 該說"不"時不說"不"的壞處
Don't Hesitate to Say "No"
六級作文題:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic. Don't Hesitate to Say "No". You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 別人請求幫助時,在什麼情況下我們說"不"
2. 為什麼有些人在該說"不"的時候不說"不"
3. 該說"不"時不說"不"的壞處
Don't Hesitate to Say "No"
1999年6月CET作文題目
四級作文題:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Reading Selectively Or Extensively? You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 有人認為讀書要有選擇
2. 有人認為應當博覽群書
3. 我的看法
Reading Selectively Or Extensively?
六級作文題:
Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Reading Selectively Or Extensively? You should write at least 120 words, and base you composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 有人認為讀書要有選擇
2. 有人認為應當博覽群書
3. 我的看法
Reading Selectively Or Extensively?
2000年1月CET作文題目
四級作文題:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic How I Finance My College Ecation. You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 上大學的費用(tuition and fees)可以通過多種途徑解決
2. 哪種途徑適合於我(說明理由)
How I Finance My College Ecation
六級作文題:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic How I Finance My College Ecation. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 上大學的費用(tuition and fees)可以通過多種途徑解決
2. 哪種途徑適合於我(說明理由)
How I Finance My College Ecation
2000年6月CET作文題目
四級作文題:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? The first sentence has already been written for you. You should write at least 100 words, and base your competition on the outline given in Chinese below:
1. 很多人認為有必要舉行英語口語考試,理由是......
2. 也有人持不同意見,......
3. 我的看法和打算
Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?
A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test (CET).
六級作文題:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? The first sentence has already been written for you. You should write at least 120 words, and bas your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:
1. 很多認為有必要舉行英語口語考試,理由是......
2. 也有人持不同意見,......
3. 我的看法和打算
Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?
A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test (CET).
2001年1月CET作文題目
四級作文題:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Succeed in a Job Interview? You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:
1. 面試在求職過程中的作用
2. 取得面試成功的因素:儀表、舉止談吐、能力、專業知識、自信、實事求是......
How to Succeed in a Job Interview?
六級作文題:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Succeed in a Job Interview? You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:
1. 面試在求職過程中的作用
2. 取得面試成功的因素:儀表、舉止談吐、能力、專業知識、自信、實事求是......
How to Succeed in a Job Interview?
2001年6月CET作文題目
四級作文題:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter. Suppose you are Zhang Ying. Write a letter to Xiao Wang, a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you ring the week-long holiday. You should write a t least 100 words according to the suggestions given below in Chinese.
1. 表示歡迎
2. 提出對度假安排的建議
3. 提醒應注意的事項
A letter to a Schoolmate
June 23, 2001
Dear Xiao Wang,
Yours,
Zhang Ying
六級作文題:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter. Suppose you are Zhang Ying. Write a letter to Xiao Wang, a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you ring the week-long holiday. You should write a t least 120 words according to the suggestions given below in Chinese.
1. 表示歡迎
2. 提出對度假安排的建議
3. 提醒應注意的事項
A letter to a Schoolmate
June 23, 2001
Dear Xiao Wang,
Yours,
Zhang Ying
2002年1月CET作文題目
四級作文題:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:
假設你是李明,請你就本校食堂的狀況給校長寫一封信,內容應涉及食堂的飯菜質量、價格、環境、服務等,可以是表揚,可以是批評建議,也可以兼有而有之。
January 12th, 2002
Dear Mr. President,
六級作文題:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:
假設你是李明,請你就本校食堂的狀況給校長寫一封信,內容應涉及食堂的飯菜質量、價格、環境、服務等,可以是表揚,可以是批評建議,也可以兼而有之。
January 12th, 2002
Dear Mr. President,
2002年6月CET作文題目
四級作文題
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Student Use of Computers. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the chart and the outline given below:
1.上圖所示為某校大學生平均每周使用計算機的時間: 1990年(2 hours)、1995年(4 hours)、2002年(14 hours),請描述其變化;
2. 請說明發生這些變化的原因(可從計算機的用途、價格或社會發展等方面加以說明);
3. 你認為目前大學生在計算機使用中有什麼困難或問題。
Student Use of Computers
六級作文題:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Student Use of Computers. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:
1. 上圖所示為某校大學生平均每周使用計算機的時間: 1990年(2 hours)、1995年(4 hours)、2002年(14 hours),請描述其變化;
2. 請說明發生這些變化的原因(可從計算機的用途、價格或社會發展等方面加以說明);
3. 你認為目前大學生在計算機使用中有什麼困難或問題。
Student Use of Computers
2003年1月CET作文題目
四級作文題:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic It Pays to Be Honest. You should write at least 100 words according to the outline given below in Chinese.
1. 當前社會上存在許多不誠實的現象
2. 誠實利人利已,做人應該誠實
It Pays to Be Honest
六級作文題:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic It Pays to Be Honest. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese.
1. 當前社會上存在許多不誠實的現象
2. 誠實利人利已,做人應該誠實
It Pays to Be Honest
2003年6月CET作文題目
四級作文題目:
假設你在某日某時某地目擊一起車禍,就此寫一份見證書。
見證書須包括以下幾點:
1、車禍發生的時間及地點
2、你所見到的車禍情況
3、你對車禍原因的分析
An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident
六級作文題目:
圖表內容是1990,1995,2000的公房和私房變化柱狀表,趨勢是公房越來越少,私房越來越多。
提綱:1.簡單描述一下圖表內容
2.變化原因
3.這個變化對個人和社會的影響
字數150以上,時間30分鍾。
Changes of Ownership of Houses in China
H. 快考試了,大學英語四六級作文怎麼准備
看看歷年作文,另外再看看權威的預測作文範文。我這里有兩篇,你讀讀看。里邊的很多東西可以模仿。
My View on Double BA Degree
1. 現在大學生讀雙學位的現象很常見
2. 我對這一現象的看法
【範文】
Recently it has become a common phenomenon for college students to have two majors at the same time. In this way, they can get double BA degrees when they graate from the university several years later.
Although it may bring unfavorable consequences, we can be sure to conclude that this practice is favorable on the whole. To begin with, most students will become more hardworking and efficient in order to finish the learning tasks satisfactorily. Moreover, with two degrees at hand after graation, they will stand a better chance in the job market full of fierce competition. In the third place, as for today's university students, tuition and fees are becoming more and more expensive. If they can make achievements in study at school and find a satisfactory job afterwards, it will not be a big problem.
Weighing the pros and cons of such a new trend, we can naturally arrive at the conclusion that it is beneficial and rewarding. This system not only compels students to work hard, but also prepares them for the coming competition.
預測作文(二)
Opening Psychological Courses
1. 許多人建議大學開設心理課程
2. 我對這一問題的看法
【範文】
Recently more and more ecator and common citizens suggest that universities colleges open more courses which are helpful for students' psychological health. Personally, I fully agree with their proposal for the following reasons.
On the one hand, the ever-increasing pressure of study at the moment and job-hunting in the future may lead to many psychological problems such as anxiety, depression and even despair, and the psychological courses open a door for communication and relaxation. On the other hand, such courses can teach students how to regulate feelings and emotions under different situations, which is a good preparation for the future life in the complex social network. Finally, these courses also introce good habits which are concive to mental and psychological health. To be mature and qualified citizens in the society, students have to do more than study hard.
In a word, I warmly welcome the establishment of psychological courses in universities. In my mind, they are good for students' psychological development.