状语从句的简化
在使用英语过程中,有这样一条规则:使用短语时不用句子,能用单个词时不用短语。因此,就状语从句而言,实际应用时,有些可简化成短语,现将简化的情况综述如下。
1.以after和before引导的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时,可用af-ter和before与从句谓语动词的动名词(短语)形式构成介词短语作状语。例如:
After she sang(After singing),she left the rich man's house.唱完之后,她就走出了那位阔佬的家。
Before we do the job(Before doing the job),we'd better think it over.做这项工作之前,我们最好先仔细考虑考虑。
2.以as soon as引出的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时,可用on+V-ing形式简化该状语从句,此时的动词为非延续性动词。例如:
Dr Bethune began to operate on the wounded soldiers as soon as he arrived atthe village(on arriving at the village).白求恩大夫一到那个村子,就开始给伤员动手术。
3.时间状语从句和条件状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时,有时可简化为不定式作状语。例如:
She stopped when she saw her husband(to see her husband).她见到她丈夫就停了下来。
If you want to understand the farmers(to understand the farmers),you mustgo to the countryside.你想了解农民,必须深入到农村去。
4.结果状语从句和目的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时,可以简化为不定式作状语;若两者主语不一致时,则应简化为不定式的复合结构作状语。例如:
He was so tired that he couldn't go any further.
=He was too tired to go any further.他累得走不动了。
I came here so that I could ask some questions.
=I came here(in order)to ask some questions.我来这儿是为了问一些问题。
The jeep is so heavy that he can't push it.
=They jeep is too heavy for him to push.吉普车太重,他推不动。
5.以when,while引导的时间状语从句和以if引导的条件状语从句,如果从句主语和主句主语一致时,可简化为现在分词状语,表示谓语动作发生在该状语动作的进行过程之中。例如:
When he turned on the radio(=When turning on the radio),he found it bro-ken.他打开收音机时,发现收音机已坏了。
While she was walking along the street,(=While walking along the street),she was hit by a car.她在街上走时被一辆汽车撞了。
If you don't feel well,you won't go to school.=If not feeling well,you won'tgo to school.要是你感到不舒服,就不要去上学了。
6.原因状语从句的主语与主句一致时,可简化为分词短语作状语。例如:
Since I didn't know Chinese(=Not knowing Chinese),I tried to speak to herin English.因为我不懂中文,就尽量用英语和她讲话。
Because they are blind,they can't see it.
=Being blind,they can't see it.因为他们是瞎子,所以看不见。
要注意的是,形容词短语也可用作表示原因的状语,用以代替原因状语从句,放在句首、句末均可,但一般应加逗号。例如:
As he was thirsty and eager to get a little rest,(=Thirsty and eager to get alittle rest,)he went into the tea-house.由于有些口渴,又想歇一会儿,他就走进茶馆。
7.在时间、原因、条件等状语从句中,若从句和主句主语不一致时,可简化为分词复合结构作状语。有时也可简化为“with/without名词或代词+分词(短语)”形式作状语。例如:
When the film star appeared(=The film star appearing),the children gotexcited.那位电影明星露面时,孩子们兴奋起来。
As the clerk had nothing to do,(=The clerk having nothing to do),the bosslet him go home.由于那个职员无事可做,老板就让他回家了。
If all the work is done(=With all the work done),you can have a rest.倘若一切活都干完了,你可以休息一下。
Nothing can live if there is no air(=without air).任何生物没有空气都不能生存。
8.让步状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时,可简化为分词短语作状语;不一致时,常可简化为with或in spite of介词短语作状语。例如:
Although he faced his death(=Facing his death),he didn't say anything be-fore the enemy.尽管面对死亡,他在敌人面前还是什么也没说。
Although there was danger(=With danger=In spite of danger),he rushedout to carry the boy to safety.尽管危险,他还是冲过去把孩子救到了安全地带。
