how问句的问答辨析
中学英语中涉及到很多How问句，虽然同学们不断地学习它们的问答方式，但每当碰到这种问句总有不同程度的疑问，对一些句子的怎么问和如何答不太明了。那么，到底如何对这类句子进行问答呢？下面将逐一进行解析。
一、How do you do？和 How are you？
How do you do？用于彼此不认识、初次见面的场合中，表示客气。回答仍用How do you do？
表示你怎么样或你过得好吗，也可用How do you do？这时等于How doyou get on？回答一般是 Thank you，I'm quite well．
How are you？用于彼此已熟悉的人见面时询问对方身体状况的礼貌用语。其答语是 Fine，thank you，and you？既用来表示对别人的谢意，又表示自己对别人的关心。还可以用 I'm OK或 Very well来回答。有时即使身体有些不适，出于礼貌也作如此回答。
二、 How about…？和 What about…？
1．当你想征求对方意见、提供建议或提出请求用How about…？或What about…？都可以。相当于 What do you think about…？或 What's youropinion concerning…？对方可根据自己的观点作出回答。
①征求同意
A：What about a glass of milk？
B：No，thanks，I think I'd like a bottle of orange．
A：What about the one next to it？It's cheaper．
B：That'll be all right．
②提出请求
How about（What about）a little help with these box？帮忙搬一下这些箱子怎么样？
What about five yuan？5元钱怎么样？
③询问看法
How about his lecture？他的讲演怎么样？
What about the machine？你认为这台机器怎么样？
2．What about…？除上述用法外，它还侧重询问消息，相当于 Whatnews is there about…？
What about the others？其他的人怎么啦？
We are going to play football．What about you？我们打算踢足球，你们呢？
注意：how about与 what about后只能用名词、代词、动名词等。不能用不定式或从句。
三、 How often，How soon和 How long
1．how often表示“每隔多久”，“多少次”可用在一般现在时，现在完成时或一般过去时的句子中。对在句子中作状语用的always，usually，sometimes，seldom，occasionally，now an then，every day，every other week，once a month，every two years，three times and hour，never等表示频率、次数的副词或词组提问时用 how often，并且仍可用这些词或词组来回答。
A： How often do you get to school very early？
B：I usually get to school very early，but not always．
A： How often did you have a meeting last year？
B：Once a week．
A：How often have you been there？
B：Twice．
2．How soon
对表示“过多久以后”、“要到什么时候”和“即刻”等意义的时间状语提问时一般用 how soon。一般用在将来时态或用在带有情态动词的句子中（表示将来时）。谓语多用非延续性动词并且多含有情态动词can，will，would等。谓语动词常见的有get，finish，leave， come，（be）back等。常用in短语（表示再过多长时间）来回答。
A：How soon would the football clothes be ready？
B：In five days．
A： How soon can you come？
B：I can come in two days．
3． How long
（1）对句子中带有from…to，until（till），for，since，all等构成的短语，表示持续性的时间状语进行提问时，要用 how long。这类句子的谓语动词必须是延续性的，要用表示时间持续性的短语或含有这些短语的句子来回答，如：far about 2 hours，since last year，more（less）than a week，all one'slife，never等。
A：How long has he been a worker？
B： About 3 years．
A： How long has she taught in that school？（或 Since when has she taught inthat school？）
B： She has taught in that school since 1988．
（2）对某些动词（如take，cost，spend，be等）后跟表示时间的宾语或表语提问时要用 how long。
It took me 2 hours to do my homework．
→ How long did it take you to do your homework？
（3）问某物有多长，要用 how long。
This desk is about 3 feet long．
→How long is this desk？
四、How much和How many
1．对数学运算结果、价格及物体的重量提问时要用 how much。
Thirteen plus twenty is thirty－three．
→How much is thirteen plus twenty？
This coat is fifteen pounds．
→How much is this coat？
His weight is 110 pounds．
→How much is his weight？（或 What is his weight？）
2．对数目提问时要用 how many＋可数名词的复数形式，对量的多少提问要用 how much＋不可数名词。
Mike has collected over two hundred Chinese stamps since he came to China．
→How many Chinese stamps has Mike collected since he came to China？
There is plenty of rain in her country．
→How much rain is there in her country？
五、对问多宽、多高、面积多大、多厚、多重要用how wide（high，large，thick，heavy）来提问。
How high is the Great Pyramid？
How wide is the river？
六、对年龄的大小提问用how old。对距离的远近提问用how far。
How old is our English teacher？
How far is your home from his？
