介词省略规律
英语中一些介词在使用过程中是可以省略的,但哪一些介词可省略呢?何时可以省略呢?现就一些常用介词省略情况作一归纳。
一、for
表示时间长度的for,在以动态动词为主动词的肯定句中,不位于句首时可以省略:
We waited(for)three hours in the pouring rain.我们在倾盆大雨中等了三小时。
If I might stay(for the night,that would do me very well.如果我可以留下来过夜,那就太好了。
表示距离长度的for间或也可省略:
Afterward he could not believe he had carried my sister(for)almost a mile.事后他不能相信他抱着我妹妹走了将近一英里。
二、from
在表示阻止/制止某人做某事的“prevent/stop+宾语+from+doing sth.”结构中的from可以省略。例如:
What prevented him(from) going?什么事阻止他去/使他不能去?
Can't you stop the child(from)getting into mischief?你就不能制止那孩子恶作剧吗?
注意:在同样结构中,如果使用keep,detel,hinder等动词,其后的from不可省略。例如:
He had to put up a fence to keep his cattle from roaming onto his neighbour's farm.他只得筑起一道篱笆,使牛不致走到邻居的农场里去。
I'll punish you to deter you from stealing again.我要惩罚你,使你不再偷窃。
He tried to hinder me from going out.他试图阻止我出去。
三、in
在以下四种结构中的in可以省略:
1.have diffculty/trouble,etc+in+doing sth.例如:
We had no difficulty(in) getting the work done.我们毫无困难地把工作做好。
He had little bother(in) getting her to understand it.他没有费什么事就使她理解了。
2.there is no use/poi nt/hurry/sense,etc+in+doing sth。例如:
There's no use(in) asking her;she doesn't know anything.向她询问没有用处,她什么也不知道。
There's no point(in)arguing with him.和他争论毫无必要。
There was no sense(in) looking for trouble.自找麻烦是没有意思的。
3.spend+时间+in+doing sth。例如:
She spends a lot of time(in)watching television.她花费许多时间看电视。
4.(表示某种方式/方法的)in+限定词+way。例如:
Do it(in)your own way.按照你自己的方法去做吧。
The work must be finished(in)one way or another.这工作必须设法做好。
Mary cooks turkey(in) the way her mother did.玛丽用她母亲的方法烹调火鸡。
四、of
在以下两种结构中的of可以省略。例如:
1.of+限定词+age/size/height/weight/use,etc:
They have a daughter(of)my age.他们有一个和我同岁的女儿。
We haven't anything(of) your size.你这种尺码我们没有。
It's(of)no use talking.说也没用。
2.outside(of)
outside of与outside(在/除……外)同义,of可以省略。例如:
To live in flats and tenements is unusual outside(of)London.
在伦敦范围之外,住公寓和几家合住的住宅是罕见的。
Outside(of)the climate,the place has no advantages.除了气候,这地方没有优点。
五、on
on用于表示特定的日子时可以省略。例如:
They arrived(on) Wednesday afternoon.他们在星期三下午到达。
Peter was born(on)Sept 12,1947.彼得生于1947年9月12日。
六、to
near to与near同义,表示“接近/靠近”,near尚可有比较级和最高级形式,to可以省略:
Come and sit near(to)me.来靠近我坐。
I can hardly see the blackboard,so I have to sit nearer(to)the front.我几乎看不清黑板,因此我必须坐得更靠近一些。
John opened the drawer nearest(to)his hand.约翰打开最靠近他手的那个抽屉。
